KR100612896B1 - 중형 다공성 탄소체 및 그의 제조방법 - Google Patents
중형 다공성 탄소체 및 그의 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR100612896B1 KR100612896B1 KR1020050041655A KR20050041655A KR100612896B1 KR 100612896 B1 KR100612896 B1 KR 100612896B1 KR 1020050041655 A KR1020050041655 A KR 1020050041655A KR 20050041655 A KR20050041655 A KR 20050041655A KR 100612896 B1 KR100612896 B1 KR 100612896B1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/18—Carbon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/42—Platinum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
- B01J37/0018—Addition of a binding agent or of material, later completely removed among others as result of heat treatment, leaching or washing,(e.g. forming of pores; protective layer, desintegrating by heat)
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
- B01J37/082—Decomposition and pyrolysis
- B01J37/084—Decomposition of carbon-containing compounds into carbon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8807—Gas diffusion layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8825—Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8846—Impregnation
- H01M4/885—Impregnation followed by reduction of the catalyst salt precursor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8878—Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body
- H01M4/8882—Heat treatment, e.g. drying, baking
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9075—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/9083—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/921—Alloys or mixtures with metallic elements
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/96—Carbon-based electrodes
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/08—Fuel cells with aqueous electrolytes
- H01M8/086—Phosphoric acid fuel cells [PAFC]
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
- H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Abstract
Description
탄소공급원 (사용량) | 산 (사용량) | 탄화 온도 | 면저항(mΩ/cm2) | ||
75.4 kgf/cm2 | 150.8 kgf/cm2 | ||||
실시예 1 | 페난트렌 (0.9 g) | TSA (2.7 g) | 900 ℃ | 56.7 | 22.3 |
실시예 2 | 페난트렌 (0.7 g) | TSA (2.1 g) | 900 ℃ | 218.9 | 89.5 |
실시예 3 | 페난트렌 (0.7 g) | TSA (2.1 g) | 1100 ℃ | 112.1 | 47.9 |
실시예 4 | 페난트렌 (0.9 g) | TSA (2.7 g) | 1100 ℃ | 54.1 | 14.4 |
실시예 5 | 페난트렌 (1.1 g) | 황산 (1.1 g) | 900 ℃ | 170.0 | 78.8 |
비교예 1 | 수크로오스 (1.5 g) | 황산 (0.18 g) | 900 ℃ | 330.9 | 156.1 |
0.4 V에서의 전류밀도 (mA/cm2) | |
실시예 7 | 79.7 |
비교예 3 | 60.9 |
Claims (19)
- 75.4 kgf/cm2의 압력 하에서 측정한 면저항이 250 mΩ/cm2 이하이고, 중형 다공성 탄소체의 중형 기공의 평균 지름이 2 내지 20 nm인 것을 특징으로 하는 중형 다공성 탄소체.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 중형 다공성 탄소체의 비표면적이 500 내지 2000 m2/g인 것을 특징으로 하는 중형 다공성 탄소체.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 중형 다공성 탄소체의 1차 입자의 크기가 100 내지 500 nm 이하인 것을 특징으로 하는 중형 다공성 탄소체.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 중형 다공성 탄소체의 X-선 회절 분석에서 0.5 내지 1.5도의 2 세타(theta) 범위에서 주 피크가 나타나고 5도 이하에서 한 개 이상의 피크를 나타내는 것을 특징으로 하는 중형 다공성 탄소체.
- (a) 페난트렌(phenanthrene) 5 내지 15 중량부, 산 10 내지 35 중량부, 용매 55 내지 80 중량부 포함하는 전구체 혼합물 100중량부를 제조하는 단계;(b) 중형 다공성 실리카에 상기 전구체 혼합물을 함침시키는 단계;(c) 상기 (b)의 결과물을 열처리하는 단계;(d) 상기 (c)의 결과물을 탄화시키는 단계; 및(e) 실리카만을 선택적으로 용해시킬 수 있는 용액을 이용하여 상기 실리카를 제거하는 단계를 포함하는 중형 다공성 탄소체의 제조방법.
- 제 5 항에 있어서, 상기 산이 유기산 또는 무기산인 것을 특징으로 하는 중형 다공성 탄소체의 제조방법.
- 제 5 항에 있어서, 상기 산이 황산, 질산, 인산, 또는 이들의 유기산; 또는 염산인 것을 특징으로 하는 중형 다공성 탄소체의 제조방법.
- 제 5 항에 있어서, 상기 용매가 물, 아세톤, 메탄올, 에탄올, 이소프로필알코올, n-프로필알코올, 부틸알코올, 디메틸아세트아미드(DMAc), 디메틸포름아미드, 디메틸설폭사이드(DMSO), N-메틸-2-피롤리돈(NMP), 테트라하이드로퓨란(THF), 테트라부틸아세테이트, n-부틸아세테이트, m-크레졸, 톨루엔, 에틸렌글리콜(EG), γ-부티롤락톤, 헥사플루오로이소프로판올(HFIP)인 것을 특징으로 하는 중형 다공성 탄소체의 제조방법.
- 제 5 항에 있어서, 상기 페난트렌과 상기 산의 중량비가 1 : 2.5 내지 1 : 3.5인 것을 특징으로 하는 중형 다공성 탄소체의 제조방법.
- 제 5 항에 있어서, 상기 중형 다공성 실리카의 함량이 전구체 혼합물 100 중량부에 대하여 5 내지 15 중량부인 것을 특징으로 하는 중형 다공성 탄소체의 제조방법.
- 제 5 항에 있어서, 건조시키는 단계를 상기 (b) 단계와 상기 (c) 단계 사이에 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 중형 다공성 탄소체의 제조방법.
- 제 5 항에 있어서, 상기 열처리가 50 내지 250℃의 온도에서 수행되는 것을 특징으로 하는 중형 다공성 탄소체의 제조방법.
- 제 12 항에 있어서, 상기 열처리가 50 내지 150 ℃에서 수행되는 제 1 차 열처리와, 150 내지 250 ℃에서 수행되는 제 2 차 열처리를 순차적으로 거치는 것을 특징으로 하는 중형 다공성 탄소체의 제조방법.
- 제 5 항에 있어서, 상기 (d) 단계 이전에, 상기 (c) 단계의 결과물을 상기 (a) 단계의 혼합물에 첨가하여 상기 (a) 단계 내지 (c) 단계를 2회 내지 10회 반복하는 것을 특징으로 하는 중형 다공성 탄소체의 제조방법.
- 제 5 항에 있어서, 상기 탄화가 600 내지 1400 ℃의 온도에서 수행되는 것을 특징으로 하는 중형 다공성 탄소체의 제조방법.
- 제 5 항에 있어서, 상기 실리카를 HF 또는 NaOH를 이용하여 제거하는 것을 특징으로 하는 중형 다공성 탄소체의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항 내지 제 4 항 중의 어느 한 항에 따른 중형 다공성 탄소체; 및상기 중형 다공성 탄소체에 분산되어 담지되어 있는 금속촉매 입자를 포함하는 담지촉매.
- 제 17 항에 있어서, 상기 담지 촉매 중의 금속 촉매 입자의 함량이 상기 담지 촉매의 전체 중량을 기준으로 40 내지 80 중량%인 것을 특징으로 하는 담지촉매.
- 캐소드, 애노드 및 상기 캐소드와 애노드 사이에 개재된 전해질막을 포함하며, 상기 캐소드 및 애노드 중의 적어도 하나가, 제 17 항에 따른 담지촉매를 함유하고 있는 연료전지.
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JP2006132211A JP4471174B2 (ja) | 2005-05-18 | 2006-05-11 | メソ細孔性炭素体とその製造方法、担持触媒および燃料電池 |
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KR100801443B1 (ko) | 2006-12-07 | 2008-02-11 | 재단법인서울대학교산학협력재단 | 질소를 포함하는 중형기공 탄소에 고정화된 헤테로폴리산담지 촉매, 그 제조방법 및 상기 촉매를 이용한메타크릴산의 제조방법 |
US8791043B2 (en) | 2008-12-31 | 2014-07-29 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Ordered mesoporous carbon composite catalyst, method of manufacturing the same, and fuel cell using the same |
KR101085524B1 (ko) | 2009-07-24 | 2011-11-23 | 서울대학교산학협력단 | 질소를 포함하는 기공성 구형 탄소에 고정화된 헤테로폴리산 담지 촉매, 그 제조방법 및 상기 촉매를 이용한 아세톤 제조방법 |
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WO2012067421A3 (ko) * | 2010-11-16 | 2012-09-07 | 한국에너지기술연구원 | 메조기공이 형성된 다공성 탄소재료의 제조방법 및 이를 이용하여 제조된 연료전지용 촉매의 담지체 |
US9379389B2 (en) | 2010-11-16 | 2016-06-28 | Korea Institute Of Energy Research | Method for producing porous carbon materials having mesopores and catalyst support for a fuel cell produced using same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US7670582B2 (en) | 2010-03-02 |
CN1865132B (zh) | 2010-06-09 |
JP2006321712A (ja) | 2006-11-30 |
JP4471174B2 (ja) | 2010-06-02 |
US20060263288A1 (en) | 2006-11-23 |
CN1865132A (zh) | 2006-11-22 |
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