KR100424142B1 - A fabrication method of rare earth magnets - Google Patents

A fabrication method of rare earth magnets Download PDF

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KR100424142B1
KR100424142B1 KR10-2000-0029805A KR20000029805A KR100424142B1 KR 100424142 B1 KR100424142 B1 KR 100424142B1 KR 20000029805 A KR20000029805 A KR 20000029805A KR 100424142 B1 KR100424142 B1 KR 100424142B1
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permanent magnet
powder
anisotropic
isotropic
magnets
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KR10-2000-0029805A
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KR20010108852A (en
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김형태
김윤배
김학신
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한국표준과학연구원
김형태
김학신
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/0253Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
    • H01F41/0293Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets diffusion of rare earth elements, e.g. Tb, Dy or Ho, into permanent magnets
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00Magnets
    • H01F7/02Permanent magnets [PM]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

본 발명은 등방성 영구자석을 제조한 후 소성변형과정을 거쳐 이방성 영구자석을 만드는 제조방법에 관한 것이다. 종래의 기술에서는 외부발열방식에 의하여 등방성 및 이방성 영구자석이 제조되고 있는 실정이다.The present invention relates to a manufacturing method for producing anisotropic permanent magnets through the plastic deformation process after producing the isotropic permanent magnets. In the prior art, an isotropic and anisotropic permanent magnet is manufactured by an external heating method.

본 발명의 목적은 외부의 발열체나 고주파 코일을 이용하지 않고 분말을 가압성형시 영구자석 분말과 몰드에 직접적으로 전류를 통하여 분말과 몰드 자체의 저항에 의한 주울 열을 이용하여 짧은 시간 내에 우수한 자기적 특성을 지닌 영구자석을 제조하는데 있다. 본 발명은 영구자석 분말을 흑연 몰드에 장입하고 프레스로 상, 하부 펀치를 가압시킴과 동시에 전기적 장치에 의해 흑연 상, 하부 펀치에 전류를 통하여 등방성 영구자석을 얻는 단계. 등방성 영구자석을 흑연 상, 하부 펀치 사이에 고정하고 프레스로 상, 하부 펀치를 가압시키면서 동시에 상, 하부펀치에 전류를 통하게 하여 등방성 영구자석이 소성변형을 일으키고 이러한 과정을 통해서 이방성 영구자석을 얻는 단계, 이방성 영구자석을 분쇄하여 본드자석 및 사출자석용 원료 분말로 만드는 단계로 구성된다.An object of the present invention is to provide excellent magnetic properties in a short time by using Joule heat due to the resistance of the powder and the mold itself through the current directly to the permanent magnet powder and the mold when pressing the powder without using an external heating element or a high frequency coil. It is to manufacture permanent magnet with characteristics. The present invention is a step of charging the permanent magnet powder into the graphite mold and pressurizing the upper and lower punches with a press and at the same time to obtain an isotropic permanent magnet through the electric current to the graphite upper and lower punches by an electric device. Fixing the isotropic permanent magnet between the graphite phase and the lower punch, pressurizing the upper and lower punches with a press, and simultaneously passing the current through the upper and lower punches to cause plastic deformation of the isotropic permanent magnet and thereby obtaining the anisotropic permanent magnet. It is composed of a step of pulverizing the anisotropic permanent magnet to the raw material powder for the bonded magnet and the injection magnet.

본 발명에 의하여 복잡한 코일방식의 발열체를 사용하지 않고 비용이 저렴한 다양한 형태의 몰드 내지 성형보조체를 이용하여 손쉽게 이방성 영구자석을 제조할 수 있으며, 이것을 미세분말로 분쇄하여 본드자석 및 사출자석용 원료로 사용할 수 있다.According to the present invention, an anisotropic permanent magnet can be easily manufactured using various molds or molding aids having low cost without using a complicated coil type heating element. The raw material for bond magnets and injection magnets can be pulverized into fine powder. Can be used as

Description

희토류계 영구자석의 제조방법{A fabrication method of rare earth magnets}A fabrication method of rare earth magnets

본 발명은 희토류계 영구자석의 제조방법에 관한 것으로, 더욱 상세하게는 희토류계 자석분말 또는 자석합금의 성분이 될 수 있는 원소중 희토류 원소를 포함하여 혼합된 분말로부터 이방성 영구자석을 제조하고 이 영구자석으로부터 본드자석 및 사출자석 원료로 사용될 수 있는 이방성 영구자석 분말을 제조하는 방법에관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for producing a rare earth permanent magnet, and more particularly, to prepare anisotropic permanent magnet from a powder mixed with rare earth elements among the rare earth-based magnetic powder or an element that can be a component of the magnetic alloy, and permanently The present invention relates to a method for producing anisotropic permanent magnet powder which can be used as a raw material of a bonded magnet and an injected magnet from a magnet.

종래의 이방성 영구자석 제조방법은 크게 2가지로 분류할 수 있다. 첫째는 자성합금 주괴를 만들고 이것을 분쇄하고 상온에서 자계가 인가된 상태에서 프레스로 성형하여 소결하는 방법이다. 둘째는 급냉응고법으로 제조된 희토류계 영구자석 분말(4)을 고온에서 압축성형하여 벌크형태의 등방성 영구자석(5)을 제조한 후(도 1) 이 자석(5)을 다시 고온에서 압축 변형시킴으로써 입자들이 한 방향으로 배향된 이방성 영구자석(6)을 제조하는 방법이다(도 2). 위와 같은 방법으로 제조된 영구자석은 가공 후 이방성 영구자석으로 직접 사용되기도 하고 이러한 이방성 영구자석을 다시 분쇄하여 본드자석용 원료 분말로 사용한다. 이 때 전자에 의한 방법에 의해 제조된 이방성 영구자석은 후자에 의한 방법으로 제조된 이방성 영구자석보다 우수한 자기 특성을 나타내나 분쇄하여 이방성 자석 분말을 제조하였을 경우에는 이방성 벌크 자석이 지니고 있는 자기적 특성이 많이 감소하는 단점이 있다. 반면 후자에 의하여 제조된 이방성 영구자석은 분쇄하여 분말로 만들어도 특성이 크게 변하지 않는 장점이 있다.Conventional anisotropic permanent magnet manufacturing methods can be largely classified into two types. The first is a method of making a magnetic alloy ingot, pulverizing it, and sintering by molding with a press in a state where a magnetic field is applied at room temperature. Second, the rare earth permanent magnet powder (4) prepared by the quench solidification method is compression molded at high temperature to produce a bulk isotropic permanent magnet (5) (FIG. 1), and the magnet 5 is compressed again at high temperature. This is a method of manufacturing the anisotropic permanent magnet 6 in which the particles are oriented in one direction (FIG. 2). Permanent magnets manufactured by the above method may be used directly as anisotropic permanent magnets after processing, or the anisotropic permanent magnets are crushed again to be used as raw material powders for bond magnets. At this time, the anisotropic permanent magnet manufactured by the former method exhibits better magnetic properties than the anisotropic permanent magnet manufactured by the latter method, but when the anisotropic magnet powder is pulverized to produce the magnetic property, the magnetic property of the anisotropic bulk magnet This has the disadvantage of decreasing much. On the other hand, the anisotropic permanent magnet produced by the latter has the advantage that the characteristics do not change significantly even when made into a powder by grinding.

그러나 후자에 의한 방법으로 희토류계 영구자석을 제조하는 경우 등방성 자석을 만드는 hot press 공정과 이렇게 제조된 등방성 영구자석을 고온에서 압축변형하여 이방성 자석을 제조하는 hot deformation 과정은 통상적으로 700 ℃ 정도의 고온과 1 ton/㎠ 의 고압 상태에서 행해진다. 따라서 용기 내부에 발열 코일(1)을 감아 온도를 올리거나 몰드 주변에 고주파 코일(1)을 통하여 원하는 온도환경을 만들고 고압이 가해져야 하기 때문에 강도가 작은 흑연 재질의 몰드를 사용하기가 극히 제한적이며 특수 재질의 성형보조체를 사용한다는 것은 불가능하다. 종래의 제조방법에서는 금속(2, 3)이나 세라믹 재질을 사용하고 있다. 또한 몰드가 손상될 경우 몰드를 대체하는 비용이 많이 들고 원하는 모양의 제품을 만들기 위해서는 제품완성 후 가공단계가 필수적으로 요망된다.However, in the case of manufacturing rare earth permanent magnets by the latter method, the hot press process for making isotropic magnets and the hot deformation process for producing anisotropic magnets by compressively deforming the isotropic permanent magnets at high temperatures are generally 700 ° C. And 1 ton / cm 2 at high pressure. Therefore, it is extremely limited to use a mold of low graphite strength because the heating coil 1 is wound inside the container to raise the temperature or a desired temperature environment is created through the high frequency coil 1 around the mold and high pressure is applied. It is not possible to use molding aids of special materials. In the conventional manufacturing method, metals (2, 3) and ceramic materials are used. In addition, if the mold is damaged, it is expensive to replace the mold, and the processing step after the completion of the product is essential to make a product of a desired shape.

본 발명의 목적은 외부의 발열체나 고주파 코일을 이용하지 않고 분말을 가압성형시 전기적인 장치에 의해 영구자석 분말이나 영구자석 성형체에 직접적으로 직류전류를 통하게 하여 분말과 몰드 자체의 저항에 의한 주울 열에 의해 희토류계 등방성 영구자석 및 희토류계 이방성 영구자석을 제조하고 이렇게 제조된 이방성 영구자석을 분쇄하여 본드자석 사출자석을 만들 수 있는 고성능 이방성 영구자석 분말을 얻을 수 있다. 몰드 자체를 흑연재질을 사용하기 때문에 몰드와 성형된 영구자석을 분리하는데 용이하고 특수 재질의 다양한 성형보조체를 사용하여 손쉽게 이방성 영구자석을 제조할 수도 있다.It is an object of the present invention to apply a direct current through a permanent magnet powder or a permanent magnet molded body by an electric device when pressurizing the powder without using an external heating element or a high frequency coil, and thus to the joule heat caused by the resistance of the powder and the mold itself. By preparing a rare earth isotropic permanent magnets and rare earth anisotropic permanent magnets and by grinding the anisotropic permanent magnets prepared in this way it is possible to obtain a high performance anisotropic permanent magnet powder capable of making a bond magnet injection magnet. Since the mold itself uses a graphite material, it is easy to separate the mold from the molded permanent magnet, and anisotropic permanent magnet may be easily manufactured using various molding aids made of special materials.

(도 1), (도 2)는 종래의 hot-press, hot-deformation 공정을 통한 희토류계 이방성 영구자석 제조방법을 나타낸 공정도.Figure 1, Figure 2 is a process chart showing a rare earth-based anisotropic permanent magnet manufacturing method through a conventional hot-press, hot-deformation process.

(도 3), (도 4), (도 5)는 본 발명에 따른 희토류계 이방성 영구자석 제조방법을 나타낸 공정도.Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 5 is a process chart showing a rare earth-based anisotropic permanent magnet manufacturing method according to the present invention.

<도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 명칭><Name of symbols for main parts of drawing>

1. 가열코일 2. 금형 몰드 3. 금형 펀치 4. 영구자석 분말 5. 등방성 영구자석1. Heating coil 2. Mold mold 3. Mold punch 4. Permanent magnet powder 5. Isotropic permanent magnet

6. 이방성 영구자석 7. 흑연 몰드 8. 흑연 펀치 9. 등방성 영구자석 성형체.6. Anisotropic permanent magnet 7. Graphite mold 8. Graphite punch 9. Isotropic permanent magnet molded body.

10. 이방성 영구자석 성형체 11. 성형보조체 12. 이방성 영구자석 성형체10. Anisotropic permanent magnet molded body 11. Molding aid 12. Anisotropic permanent magnet molded body

본 발명은 희토류계 이방성 영구자석의 제조방법에 관한 것으로서, 전기적인 힘과 외부의 가압적인 힘을 동시에 이용하여 짧은 시간에 간단한 공정을 통하여 고성능 희토류계 이방성 영구자석을 제조하는 것이다.The present invention relates to a rare earth-based anisotropic permanent magnet manufacturing method, and to produce a high performance rare earth-based anisotropic permanent magnet through a simple process in a short time by using the electrical force and the external pressure force at the same time.

이하 본 발명에 따른 영구자석 제조방법을 첨부 도면에 의하여 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, a permanent magnet manufacturing method according to the present invention will be described in detail by the accompanying drawings.

본 발명의 1단계는 희토류계 영구자석을 분말(4)을 흑연 몰드(7)내에 장입하는 단계이다. 상기의 영구자석 분말(4)은 하나 또는 그 이상의 희토류원소(RE)가 첨가되어 자기적 특성을 지니고 있는 합금분말이거나, 자기적 특성을 지니고 있지 않으나 하나 또는 그 이상의 희토류 원소(RE)가 포함되어 개개 원소의 분말들이 혼합된 형태로 되어 있는 분말이다. 흑연 몰드(7) 대신 종래의 방식에서 사용하던 금속재질이나 세라믹 재질을 사용할 수도 있다.One step of the present invention is to charge the rare earth permanent magnet powder 4 into the graphite mold 7. The permanent magnet powder (4) is an alloy powder having magnetic properties by adding one or more rare earth elements (RE), or one or more rare earth elements (RE) without magnetic properties. It is a powder in which powders of individual elements are mixed. Instead of the graphite mold 7, a metal material or a ceramic material used in the conventional method may be used.

2단계는 프레스로 흑연 상, 하부 펀치(8)를 가압(10∼150 MPa)시킴과 동시에 전기적인 장치에 의하여 상, 하부 펀치(8)에 직류전류(1000∼5000 A)를 통하게 하여 등방성 영구자석 성형체(9)를 얻는다(도 3). 종래의 가열코일에 의한 발열 방식과는 전혀 다른 개념의 방식으로서 몰드와 분말자체의 직접적인 저항에 의한 주울 열 발생으로 짧은 시간 내에 고순도, 고밀도 영구자석(9)을 얻을 수 있다. 3단계는 몰드(7)는 사용하지 않고 등방성 영구자석 성형체(9)를 흑연 상, 하부 펀치(8) 사이에 고정하고 프레스로 상, 하부 펀치(8)를 가압시킴과 동시에 상, 하부 펀치(8)에 직류전류를 통하게 하여 영구자석 내부의 저항열을 발생시키고 이로 인하여 가압 방향으로 수축함과 동시에 가압 방향의 수직방향으로는 팽창된 형태로 소성변형된 고성능 이방성 영구자석 성형체(10)를 얻는다(도 4). 그리고 제1단계에서 몰드(7)를 사용하는 대신 성형성을 지닌 성형보조체(11)에 영구자석 분말(4)을 압축하여 장입시키고 상,하부 펀치(8) 사이에 고정시키고 가압과 동시에 전류를 흘려주어 외부를 성형보조체(11)가 감싸고 있는 모양의 이방성 영구자석 성형체(12))를 제조한 다음 성형보조체(11)를 제거하여 이방성 영구자석을 얻을 수도 있다(도 5). 성형보조체(11)의 재질은 재질의 용융 온도와 관계없이 연성을 지닌 금속계열이면가능하고, 본 발명에 의한 방법에 의하면 특수 계열의 소재도 사용이 가능하다. 상기 과정에서 제조된 이방성 영구자석 성형체(10, 12)들을 분쇄하여 분말로 만들어서 본드자석 및 사출자석을 만드는 원료 분말로 사용할 수 있다.In the second step, the graphite and the lower punch 8 are pressurized (10 to 150 MPa) by a press, and at the same time, the upper and lower punches 8 are subjected to direct current (1000 to 5000 A) by an electric device. The magnet molded body 9 is obtained (FIG. 3). As a concept of a concept completely different from the conventional heating coil heating method, high purity and high density permanent magnet 9 can be obtained in a short time by generating Joule heat by direct resistance of the mold and powder itself. In the third step, the mold 7 is not used and the isotropic permanent magnet molded body 9 is fixed between the graphite phase and the lower punch 8, and the upper and lower punches 8 are pressed while pressing the upper and lower punches. 8) generates a heat of resistance inside the permanent magnet through a direct current, thereby contracting in the pressing direction and at the same time obtaining a high performance anisotropic permanent magnet molded body plastically deformed in an expanded form in the vertical direction of the pressing direction. (FIG. 4). Instead of using the mold 7 in the first step, the permanent magnet powder 4 is compressed and loaded into the molding auxiliary body 11 having moldability, and fixed between the upper and lower punches 8 and simultaneously pressurized. Anisotropic permanent magnet molded body 12 having a shape in which the molding auxiliary body 11 is wrapped around the outside may be manufactured, and then the molding auxiliary body 11 may be removed to obtain an anisotropic permanent magnet (FIG. 5). The material of the molding aid 11 may be a metal series having ductility regardless of the melting temperature of the material, and according to the method of the present invention, a special series of materials may be used. The anisotropic permanent magnet molded articles 10 and 12 manufactured in the above process may be pulverized into powders to be used as raw powders for making bond magnets and injection magnets.

본 발명에 의해서 희토류계 영구자석 제조시 간단한 공정을 통한 짧은 시간 내에 영구자석 분말로부터 우수한 자기적 특성을 지니는 고순도, 고밀도의 등방성 영구자석을 얻을 수 있다.According to the present invention, a high-purity, high-density isotropic permanent magnet having excellent magnetic properties can be obtained from the permanent magnet powder in a short time through a simple process in the preparation of the rare earth permanent magnet.

본 발명에 의해서 희토류계 등방성 영구자석을 제조하고 이러한 영구자석을 소성변형시켜 짧은 시간 내에 희토류계 고성능 이방성 영구자석을 얻을 수 있으며 특히 박판 두께의 고성능 자기 특성을 지니는 이방성 영구자석을 쉽게 제조할 수 있다.According to the present invention, a rare earth-based isotropic permanent magnet may be manufactured, and the permanent magnet may be plastically deformed to obtain a rare earth-based high-performance anisotropic permanent magnet within a short time, and in particular, an anisotropic permanent magnet having high-performance magnetic properties of thin plate thickness may be easily manufactured. .

본 발명에 의하여 제조된 고성능 이방성 영구자석을 분쇄하여 본드자석 및 사출자석용 고성능 이방성 자석 분말을 얻을 수 있다.The high performance anisotropic permanent magnet prepared by the present invention may be pulverized to obtain a high performance anisotropic magnet powder for bond magnets and injection magnets.

본 발명에 의하여 희토류계 영구자석 제조시 재질의 용융온도에 관계없이 성형성을 지닌 금속계열이나 특수 계열의 성형보조체를 사용하여 영구자석 성형체를 제조하고 성형보조체를 분리하여 이방성 영구자석을 얻을 수 있다.According to the present invention, a permanent magnet molded body may be manufactured using a metal-based or a special series of molding aids having moldability regardless of the melting temperature of the material when manufacturing a rare earth permanent magnet, and the molding aids may be separated to obtain anisotropic permanent magnets. Can be.

Claims (4)

희토류계 영구자석 분말을 몰드에 장입하고 상, 하부 펀치로 50∼150 MPa 압력을 가함과 동시에 전기적인 장치에 의하여 상, 하 펀치를 통하여 450∼4000 A/㎠ 직류전류를 통하게 하여 분말로부터 벌크상태로 하는 것을 특징으로 하는 등방성 영구자석의 제조방법.Charge the rare earth permanent magnet powder into the mold and apply 50 ~ 150 MPa pressure to the upper and lower punches and at the same time, through the upper and lower punches through an electric device, through 450 ~ 4000 A / ㎠ DC current to bulk from the powder. Method for producing an isotropic permanent magnet, characterized in that. 제 1항에 의하여 제조된 등방성 영구자석을 포함하여 벌크 상태의 영구자석을 상, 하부 펀치 사이에 고정시키고 프레스로 상, 하부 펀치를 가압(10∼100 MPa)시킴과 동시에 전기적인 장치에 의하여 상, 하부 펀치에 직류전류(500∼5000 A/㎠)를 통하게 하여 가압방향과 같은 방향으로는 수축되고 수직방향으로는 팽창된 형태로 소성변형된 것을 특징으로 하는 이방성 영구자석의 제조방법.The permanent magnet in the bulk state, including the isotropic permanent magnet manufactured according to claim 1, is fixed between the upper and lower punches, and the upper and lower punches are pressed by a press (10 to 100 MPa) and simultaneously , Through a direct current (500 ~ 5000 A / ㎠) through the lower punch, shrinkage in the same direction as the pressing direction and plastic deformation in the expanded form in the vertical direction characterized in that the manufacturing method of the anisotropic permanent magnet. 삭제delete 제2항의 제조방법에 의하여 제조된 이방성 영구자석을 분쇄하여 제조된 이방성 자석분말Anisotropic magnet powder prepared by pulverizing the anisotropic permanent magnet prepared by the method of claim 2
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KR100957826B1 (en) 2007-05-31 2010-05-13 서울시립대학교 산학협력단 Device of manufacturing magnet

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KR102549733B1 (en) * 2018-12-05 2023-06-29 한국전기연구원 Method for manufacturing soft magnetic/hard magnetic multilayer bulk

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KR100631184B1 (en) * 2004-10-28 2006-10-02 주식회사 테슬라 A Manufacture Method of NdFeB Isotropic permanent Magnets
KR100957826B1 (en) 2007-05-31 2010-05-13 서울시립대학교 산학협력단 Device of manufacturing magnet

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