KR100209775B1 - High wear resistance sintering alloy with valve seat - Google Patents

High wear resistance sintering alloy with valve seat Download PDF

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KR100209775B1
KR100209775B1 KR1019940034224A KR19940034224A KR100209775B1 KR 100209775 B1 KR100209775 B1 KR 100209775B1 KR 1019940034224 A KR1019940034224 A KR 1019940034224A KR 19940034224 A KR19940034224 A KR 19940034224A KR 100209775 B1 KR100209775 B1 KR 100209775B1
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valve seat
alloy
wear resistance
resistance
strength
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KR1019940034224A
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KR960021294A (en
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임종대
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정몽규
현대자동차주식회사
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/52—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with cobalt

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

본 발명은, 내마모성과 고온 내식성 및 내열성이 우수한 밸브 시이트용 소결 합금에 관한 것이다. 본 발명은 다음의 조성으로 이루어지는 밸브시트용 소결 합금을 제공한다.The present invention relates to a sintered alloy for valve sheets excellent in wear resistance, high temperature corrosion resistance and heat resistance. The present invention provides a sintered alloy for valve seat having the following composition.

탄소 ··········0.5 내지 1.8%,0.5 to 1.8% of carbon,

크롬 ··········0.5 내지 5.0%,0.5 to 5.0% of chromium

몰리브텐 ········8.0 내지 18.0%,Molybdenum ... 8.0-18.0%,

니켈 ··········1.0 내지 3.0%,Nickel 1.0-3.0%,

코발트 ·········2.0 내지 5.0%,Cobalt 2.0 to 5.0%,

니오비움 ········0.5 내지 3.0%,Niobium 0.5 to 3.0%,

티타늄-알루미늄 금속간 화합물 ······0.5 내지 15.0%,Titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound0.5 to 15.0%,

구리 ··········8.0 내지 20.0%,Copper: 8.0 to 20.0%,

철 ···········나머지 성분.Iron ·········· The remaining ingredients.

Description

밸브시트용 고내마모성 소결 합금High Wear Resistance Sintered Alloy for Valve Seats

본 발명은 밸브 시트용 내마모성 소결합금에 관한 것으로서 상세하게는 니오비움, 및 티타늄-알루미늄금속간 화합물을 강화하여 내마모성이 향상되고 내열성을 더욱 향상시킨 밸브시트용 내마모성 소결합금에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a wear resistant small alloy for valve seats, and more particularly, to a wear resistant small alloy for valve seats having improved niobium and a titanium-aluminum metal compound to improve wear resistance and further improve heat resistance.

밸브 시트는 자동차의 엔진중 실린더 헤브부에 위치하여 엔진의 실린더 내부로 연료와 공기의 혼합가스를 공급하고 실린더 내부에서 연소된 연소가스를 실린더외부로 배출하는 홉, 배기 밸부가 안착되는 곳으로서, 밸브가 매우 빠르게 매우 많은 횟수로 부딛치고, 연료의 폭발적 연소에 따라 고온의 상태로 계속 유지되는 가혹한 조건하에 있게 됨으로써 내마모성과 내열성이 다른 기계적 요소보다 더욱 크게 요구되어진다.The valve seat is located in the cylinder head of the engine of the automobile, and supplies a mixture of fuel and air into the cylinder of the engine, and is a place where a hop and exhaust valve seat is discharged to discharge the combustion gas burned in the cylinder to the outside of the cylinder. Abrasion and heat resistance are required to be greater than other mechanical elements, as the valves smash very quickly and so many times and remain under harsh conditions that remain hot at the explosive combustion of the fuel.

지금까지 이러한 기계적 특성이 요구되어지는 밸브시트의 제작에 사용하기 위하여 여러종류의 우수한 특성들을 지닌 합금들이 개발되어 사용되여지고 있다.Until now, alloys having various kinds of excellent properties have been developed and used for the manufacture of valve seats requiring such mechanical properties.

예를 들어, 탄소 0.4 내지 2.0%, 크롬 0.5 내지 5.0%, 몰리브덴 5.0 내지 15.0%, 니켈 0.2 내지 2.0%, 코발트 0.4 내지 2.0%, 구리 8.0 내지 20.0%, 황 0.01 내지 0.5% 함유되고 나머지는 철으로 구성된 합금이 미합중국 특허 제 5,221,321 호에 개시되어 있다.For example, 0.4 to 2.0% carbon, 0.5 to 5.0% chromium, 5.0 to 15.0% molybdenum, 0.2 to 2.0% nickel, 0.4 to 2.0% cobalt, 8.0 to 20.0% copper, 0.01 to 0.5% sulfur, and the rest Alloys are disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,221,321.

상기한 조성의 종래의 합금은, 열전도성이 비교적 우수하고 강도 및 내열성이 비교적 우수하여 밸브 시트용도로 적합하게 사용될 수 있으나, 최근 동일한 실린더 용량에서 보다 많은 출력이 요구되어지고 있는 기술적 환경에 있어서, 엔진의 구동이 보다 고속회전이 요구되기 때문에 이러한 조건에서는 밸브 시트에서 내마모성과 내열성을 향상시키기 위하여 밸브 시트용 합금에서 탄소의 함량을 더욱 늘리게 되어 기지조직이 열화되게 되어 결과적으로 밸브 시트의 내구성이 크게 떨어지게 되는 문제점이 발생하게 된다.Conventional alloys of the above-mentioned composition is relatively excellent in thermal conductivity and relatively good in strength and heat resistance, and thus can be suitably used for valve seats. However, in a technical environment in which more power is required at the same cylinder capacity in recent years, Since the engine is required to run at a higher speed, under these conditions, the carbon content in the valve seat alloy is further increased in order to improve wear resistance and heat resistance in the valve seat, resulting in deterioration of the matrix structure. The problem of falling occurs.

본 발명은 이와 같은 종래의 밸브 시트용 합금 소재에 있어서의 문제점들을 해결하기 위하여 안출된 것으로서, 밸브 시이트에서의 탄화물 증가에 따른 내구성 및 기지 조직의 열화가 없고 더욱 고온 내산화성이 향상된 새로운 밸브 시트용 소결 합금을 제공하려는 목적을 갖는다.The present invention has been made to solve such problems in the conventional alloy material for valve seats, the new valve seat for improved durability and high temperature oxidation resistance without deterioration of durability and matrix structure due to increased carbide in the valve seat It is intended to provide a sintered alloy.

상기한 목적을 달성하기 위하여, 본 발명은 다음의 조성으로 이루어지는 밸브시트용 소결 합금을 제공한다.In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a sintered alloy for valve seat composed of the following composition.

탄소 ··········0.5 내지 1.8%,0.5 to 1.8% of carbon,

크롬 ··········0.5 내지 5.0%,0.5 to 5.0% of chromium

몰리브텐 ········8.0 내지 18.0%,Molybdenum ... 8.0-18.0%,

니켈 ··········1.0 내지 3.0%,Nickel 1.0-3.0%,

코발트 ·········2.0 내지 5.0%,Cobalt 2.0 to 5.0%,

니오비움 ········0.5 내지 3.0%,Niobium 0.5 to 3.0%,

티타늄-알루미늄 금속간 화합물 ········0.5 내지 15.0%,Titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound0.5 to 15.0%,

구리 ··········8.0 내지 20.0%,Copper: 8.0 to 20.0%,

철 ···········나머지 성분.Iron ·········· The remaining ingredients.

본 발명에 따른 합금은, 몰리브덴의 함량이 5.0 내지 10% 내외의 종래의 합금에 비하여 8.0 내지 18.0%로 강화됨으로써, 금속간 화합물 및 탄화물의 증가에 따른 내마모성 및 기지 조직 강화를 통하여 강도 및 내열성이 향상되어진다.Alloy according to the present invention, the molybdenum content is reinforced by 8.0 to 18.0% compared to the conventional alloy of about 5.0 to 10%, strength and heat resistance through strengthening the wear resistance and matrix structure according to the increase of the intermetallic compound and carbide It is improved.

또한, 본 발명에 따른 합금은 니켈과 코발트의 함량을 각각 1.0 내지 3.0% 및 2.0 내지 5.0%로 종래의 합금에 비하여 증가 시킴으로 해서 기지 조직을 강화시켜 강도 및 내열성 및 고온 내식성을 향상시키는 효과가 있다.In addition, the alloy according to the present invention increases the content of nickel and cobalt to 1.0 to 3.0% and 2.0 to 5.0%, respectively, compared to the conventional alloy, thereby strengthening the matrix structure, thereby improving strength and heat resistance and high temperature corrosion resistance. .

또한, 본 발명에 따른 합금의 특성은 니오비움을 0.5 내지 3.0% 첨가함으로서, 합금중에 포함되어 있는 탄소와 니오비움-탄화물을 형성할 수 있게 하여 합금의 조직을 미세하고 단단하게 하여 내마모성을 종래의 합금에 비하여 월등하게 증가시킬 수 있음에 있다.In addition, the characteristics of the alloy according to the present invention by adding niobium 0.5 to 3.0%, it is possible to form the carbon and niobium-carbide contained in the alloy to make the structure of the alloy fine and hard to wear resistance conventional It can be increased significantly compared to the alloy.

더욱 본 발명에 따른 합금의 또 다른 특징적인 면은 티타늄-알루미늄 금속간 화합물을 0.5 내지 15% 첨가함에 있다. 이와 같이 티타늄-알루미늄 금속간 화합물을 첨가함으로서, 합금의 고온 내산화성을 증가시키며 고온에서의 내마모성을 획기적으로 증가시키는 효과를 얻을 수 있다는 데에 있다.A further characteristic aspect of the alloy according to the invention lies in the addition of 0.5-15% of the titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound. By adding a titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound in this way, it is possible to obtain an effect of increasing the high temperature oxidation resistance of the alloy and significantly increasing the wear resistance at high temperature.

본 발명에 따른 합금에 있어서 각 구성 성분의 합금중 조성비의 한정 이유는 다음과 같다.The reason for limitation of the composition ratio in the alloy of each component in the alloy which concerns on this invention is as follows.

(1) C (탄소)(1) C (carbon)

C는 기지에 고용되어 기지를 강화시킴과 동시에, 다른성분, Cr, mO, Nb등과 탄화물을 형성하여 내마모성을 향상시키는 바, 전체 성분에 대해 0.5-1.8%가 되도록 첨가하는 것이 좋다. 그러나 0.5%이하로 되면 본래의 효과를 얻을 수 없으며 1.8%를 초과하면, 취화(脆化)되어 요구 강도를 얻을 수 없다.C is dissolved in the matrix to strengthen the matrix and at the same time, carbides are formed with other components, such as Cr, mO, Nb, to improve abrasion resistance. Therefore, it is preferable to add C to 0.5-1.8% of the total components. However, if the content is less than 0.5%, the original effect cannot be obtained. If the content is more than 1.8%, embrittlement occurs and the required strength cannot be obtained.

(2) Cr(크롬)(2) Cr (chrome)

Cr은 상기 C와 반응해서 탄화물을 형성하여 내마모성을 향상시킴과 동시에 기지에 고용되어 내열성을 향상시키게 되는데 0.5-5.0wt%가 되도록 한다. 만일 0.5%이하로 되면 첨가 효과가 없으며 5%를 초과하면 강도 및 피삭성을 저하시키므로 좋지 않다.Cr reacts with C to form carbides to improve wear resistance and at the same time to be dissolved in a matrix to improve heat resistance. If it is less than 0.5%, there is no addition effect, and if it exceeds 5%, the strength and machinability are lowered, which is not good.

(3) Mo(몰리브덴)(3) Mo (molybdenum)

Mo은 그 일부는 금속 Mo상태로 첨가되어 기지에 고용되어 내열성 및 소입성을 향상시키고 나머지는 Fe-Mo상태로 첨가되어 복(複)탄화물 또는 금속간 화합물을 형성하여 내마모성을 향상시킨다. 그러나, 8%이하로 함유되면 만족할 만한 수준의 내마모성을 나타내지 못하며 18%에 초과하면 강도가 저하 될 뿐만 아니라 상대 밸브를 공격하여 마모시킬 우려가 있다.Mo is partially added to the metal Mo state to be dissolved in the matrix to improve heat resistance and hardenability, and the remainder is added to Fe-Mo state to form a double carbide or intermetallic compound to improve wear resistance. However, if it is contained in less than 8% does not exhibit a satisfactory level of wear resistance, and if it exceeds 18%, not only the strength is lowered, but also there is a fear of attack and wear to the counter valve.

(4) Ni(니켈)(4) Ni (nickel)

Ni은 기지에 고용되어 강도 및 내열성을 향상시키지만 1%미만이며 내열성 개선이 불충분하며 3%를 초과하면 부분적으로 잔류 오스테나이트(AUSTENITE)조직이 과량 분포하게 되어 내마모성을 저하시키며, 코스트(COST)가 상승되어 경제성이 없다.Ni is employed in the base to improve strength and heat resistance, but less than 1%, insufficient improvement in heat resistance, and if it exceeds 3%, Ni partially disperses residual austenite tissue, reducing wear resistance. There is no economy.

(5) Co(코발트)(5) Co (cobalt)

Co는 기지에 고용되어 강도 및 내열성을 향상시키지만 2%미만이면 첨가 효과가 불충분하며 5%를 초과하면 경제성이 없다.Co is dissolved in the base to improve the strength and heat resistance, but less than 2% of the addition effect is insufficient, if it exceeds 5% is not economical.

(6) Nb(니오븀)(6) Nb (niobium)

Nb는 C, Fe, Cr과 함께 복탄화물을 형성하여 내마모성을 향상시키며 소결 공정중 결정입자의 조대화 및 탄화물의 조대화를 방지한다. 0.5%미만이며 효과가 없으며 3.0%를 초과하면 강도 및 피삭성을 저하시키므로 바람직하지 못하다.Nb forms a double carbide together with C, Fe, and Cr to improve wear resistance, and prevents coarsening of crystal grains and coarsening of carbides during the sintering process. Less than 0.5% and ineffective, and exceeding 3.0% is not preferable because it lowers the strength and machinability.

(7) Ti-Al(Ti-Al 금속간 화합물)(7) Ti-Al (Ti-Al intermetallic compound)

Ti-Al은 L1o Type의 FCC 결정구조의 금속간 화합물이며 열전도도는 순수 Ti 와 거의 같고, 고온 내산화성이 매우우수하며, 온도의 존성이 매우 낮아 800℃까지 온도 증가에 따라 강도가 변하지 않음. VALVE SEAT용 소결합금에 경질입자 및 결정립의 조대화를 억제한다. 0.5% 미만이면 효과가 없으며 15%를 초과하면 추가적인 효과가 없고 비경제적이 된다.Ti-Al is an intermetallic compound of FCC crystal structure of L1o type and its thermal conductivity is almost the same as that of pure Ti, it has excellent oxidation resistance at high temperature, and its temperature is very low, so its strength does not change with increasing temperature up to 800 ℃. The coarsening of hard particles and crystal grains is suppressed in the small alloy for valve seat. If it is less than 0.5%, it is ineffective, and if it is more than 15%, there is no additional effect and it is uneconomical.

(8) Cu(구리)(8) Cu (copper)

Cu는 동용침 처리에 의해 Fe-Base의 소결체 내부에 존재하는 가공을 메워 강도 및 열전도성을 향상시켜주며 피삭성도 개선시킨다. Fe-Base소결체의 밀도가 6.6g/㎤이하이면, 동용침량이 많아지고 결과적으로 강도가 저하되며, 7.1g/㎤이상이면, 소결체 내부의 기공중 폐기공량이 많아져 동용침이 잘되지 않을 뿐만 아니라 용침량이 적어져 동용침에 의한 강도 및 열전도성 개선효과가 미흡하게 된다. 따라서, 소결체의 밀도가 6.6-7.1g/㎤이고, 동용침이 양호하게 이루어 지도록 바람직한 동(Cu)함량은 8.0-20.0%이다.Cu fills the processing existing inside the sintered body of Fe-Base by copper infiltration to improve strength and thermal conductivity and improve machinability. If the Fe-Base sintered body has a density of 6.6 g / cm 3 or less, the copper infiltration amount increases and consequently the strength decreases. If the Fe-Base sintered body has a density of 7.1 g / cm 3 or more, the amount of waste pores in the pores inside the sintered body increases, so that copper infiltration does not work well. In addition, the amount of infiltration is small, the effect of improving the strength and thermal conductivity by copper infiltration is insufficient. Therefore, the density of the sintered compact is 6.6-7.1 g / cm 3, and the preferable copper (Cu) content is 8.0-20.0% so that copper infiltration is satisfactory.

상기 성분외에도 S(황) 성분을 금속 황화물 상태로 첨가하여, 자기 윤활성 및 피삭성을 부여 하지만 2.0%를 초과하면 강도를 저하시킬 우려가 있다.In addition to the above components, the S (sulfur) component is added in a metal sulfide state to impart self-lubricating property and machinability, but if it exceeds 2.0%, the strength may be lowered.

다음에 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예를 통하여 본 발명을 더욱 상세히 설명하고자 한다. 그러나 이들 실시예들을 본 발명을 보다 쉽게 이해하기 위하여 제공되는 적일 뿐 본 발명이 이에 한정되는 것은 아니다.Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, these examples are provided only to more easily understand the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[실시예 1-3]Example 1-3

[비교예 1-2]Comparative Example 1-2

상기 실시예 1-3 및 비교예 1-2의 합금을 소재로 시험편을 제작하여 그물성을 비교 평가한 결과를 다음의 표 2에 나타내었다.Table 2 shows the results of comparing and evaluating the netability of the test specimens prepared from the alloys of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2.

Claims (1)

다음의 조성으로 이루어지는 밸브시트용 소결 합금.Sintered alloy for valve seat consisting of the following composition. 탄소 ··········0.5 내지 1.8%,0.5 to 1.8% of carbon, 크롬 ··········0.5 내지 5.0%,0.5 to 5.0% of chromium 몰리브텐 ········8.0 내지 18.0%,Molybdenum ... 8.0-18.0%, 니켈 ··········1.0 내지 3.0%,Nickel 1.0-3.0%, 코발트 ·········2.0 내지 5.0%,Cobalt 2.0 to 5.0%, 니오비움 ········0.5 내지 3.0%,Niobium 0.5 to 3.0%, 티타늄-알루미늄 금속간 화합물 ······0.5 내지 15.0%,Titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound0.5 to 15.0%, 구리 ··········8.0 내지 20.0%,Copper: 8.0 to 20.0%, 철 ···········나머지 성분.Iron ·········· The remaining ingredients.
KR1019940034224A 1994-12-14 1994-12-14 High wear resistance sintering alloy with valve seat KR100209775B1 (en)

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