JPWO2014017591A1 - 方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法 - Google Patents
方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001224 Grain-oriented electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 56
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 25
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- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 229910000655 Killed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
<実験1>
C:0.05mass%、Si:3.4mass%、Mn:0.05mass%、Al:0.020mass%、N:0.0100mass%、S:0.0030mass%、Se:0.01mass%、Sb:0.01mass%、Ti:0.001mass%、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる成分組成の鋼スラブを熱間圧延して熱延板とし、熱延板焼鈍を施し、1100℃の中間焼鈍を挟んだ2回の冷間圧延により最終板厚0.30mmの冷延板とした後、この冷延板(コイル)長手方向、幅方向の中央部から、L:300mm×C:100mmの試験片を30枚切り出した。
このようにして得た仕上焼鈍後の試験片について、SST(単板試験器)を用いて鉄損W17/50(商用周波数50Hzで磁束密度1.7Tまで励磁した際の鉄損)を測定し、その結果を図1に示した。この図から、加熱途中の450℃で3秒間保持する加熱パターン2の場合には、連続昇温する加熱パターン1の場合よりも良好な鉄損が得られており、例えば、加熱パターン2の場合には昇温速度40℃/sでも加熱パターン1の昇温速度80℃/sと同等の鉄損が得られている。これに対して、加熱途中の450℃で15秒間保持する加熱パターン3の場合には、全ての試験片で鉄損W17/50が1.10W/kg以上となり(図示せず)、さらに昇温速度が100℃/s以上では、二次再結晶自体が起きていなかった。
実験1で得た冷延コイルの同一位置から同一寸法の試験片を採取し、通電加熱装置を用いて、室温から700℃までを焼鈍速度100℃/sで連続して加熱する条件と、室温から700℃までを焼鈍速度100℃/sで加熱する際、加熱途中の400℃、500℃、600℃のいずれかの温度で3秒間保持する条件で加熱した後、700℃から800℃まで昇温速度30℃/sで加熱し、湿水素雰囲気中で60秒間保持する脱炭焼鈍を兼ねた一次再結晶焼鈍を施した。斯くして得られた一次再結晶焼鈍板について、X線回折法でインバース強度を測定したところ、400℃および500℃で保持した場合には、600℃で保持した場合や、40℃/sで連続加熱した場合と比較して{110}インバース強度が高く、100℃/sで急速加熱したときと同等以上となっていること、すなわち、二次再結晶時に核となるGoss方位({110}<001>)粒の再結晶が促進されていることが確認された。
一般に、再結晶を起こす駆動力は歪エネルギーである、すなわち、歪エネルギーの解放は、歪みエネルギーの高い部分において生じ易いと考えられており、技術文献(白岩、寺崎、小玉、「Alキルド鋼での等温焼鈍中の再結晶挙動」、日本金属学会誌、第35巻、第1号、p.20)において認められた{222}が優先的に再結晶するという現象は、{222}組織に高い歪エネルギーが蓄積されていることを示している。
C:0.001〜0.10mass%
Cは、ゴス方位結晶粒の発生に有用な成分であり、かかる作用を有効に発現させるためには0.001mass%以上の含有を必要とする。一方、Cを0.10mass%を超えて含有すると、脱炭焼鈍において脱炭不良を起こすおそれがある。よって、Cは0.001〜0.10mass%の範囲とする。好ましくは0.01〜0.08mass%の範囲である。
Siは、鋼の電気抵抗を高めて鉄損を低下させる効果があり、少なくとも1.0mass%の含有を必要とする。一方、5.0mass%を超える添加は、冷間圧延することを困難とする。よって、Siは1.0〜5.0mass%の範囲とする。好ましくは2.0〜4.5mass%の範囲である。
Mnは、鋼の熱間加工性の向上に有効である他、SやSeが存在する場合には、MnSやMnSe等の析出物を形成してインヒビター(粒成長抑制剤)としての機能を有する元素である。上記効果は、0.01mass%以上含有させることで得られる。一方、0.5mass%を超える添加は、MnSやMnSe等の析出物を固溶させるのに必要なスラブ加熱温度が高温になるので好ましくない。よって、Mnは0.01〜0.5mass%の範囲とする。好ましくは0.01〜0.10mass%の範囲である。
SおよびSeは、MnやCuと結合してMnS,MnSe,Cu2−xS,Cu2−xSeを形成し、鋼中の分散第二相としてインヒビターの作用を発揮する有用成分である。これらS,Seの合計の含有量が0.01mass%に満たないと、その添加効果に乏しく、一方、0.05mass%を超えると、スラブ加熱時の固溶が不完全となるだけでなく、製品表面の欠陥の原因ともなる。よって、単独添加または複合添加のいずれの場合も合計で0.01〜0.05mass%の範囲とする。
Alは、鋼中でAlNを形成して分散第二相としてインヒビターの作用をする有用な成分であるが、添加量が0.003mass%に満たないと十分な析出量が確保できず、上記効果が得られない。一方、0.050mass%を超えて添加すると、AlNの固溶に必要なスラブ加熱温度が高温になるとともに、熱延以降の熱処理によってもAlNが粗大化し、インヒビターとしての作用が失われる。よって、Alは、sol.Alとして0.003〜0.050mass%の範囲とする。好ましくは0.01〜0.04mass%の範囲である。
Nは、AlとAlNを形成し、インヒビターとしての作用する必要な成分である。しかし、添加量が0.0010mass%を下回ると、AlNの析出が不十分であり、一方、0.020mass%を超えて添加すると、スラブ加熱時にふくれ等を生じるようになる。よって、Nは0.001〜0.020mass%の範囲とする。
これらは、結晶粒界や表面に偏析したり、あるいは、炭窒化物を形成したりすることで、補助的なインヒビターとしての作用を有する元素であり、これらの元素を添加することで、二次再結晶過程の高温域での一次粒の粗大化を抑制することができる。しかし、添加量が上記範囲の下限値未満では上記添加効果が小さく、逆に、上記範囲の上限値を超えると被膜の外観不良や二次再結晶不良が発生しやすくなる。
本発明の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法は、前述した成分組成を有する鋼スラブを熱間圧延し、熱延板焼鈍を施した後もしくは施すことなく、1回もしくは中間焼鈍を挟む2回以上の冷間圧延を施して最終板厚とした後、一次再結晶焼鈍を施し、その後、焼鈍分離剤を塗布して二次再結晶焼鈍を施す一連の工程からなる製造方法である。
上記鋼スラブは、その後、熱間圧延に供するが、熱間圧延に先立つスラブの再加熱温度は、インヒビター成分を完全に固溶させる必要があることから1300℃以上とするのが好ましい。
熱間圧延した熱延板は、熱延板焼鈍を施した後、あるいは熱延板焼鈍を施すことなく、1回または中間焼鈍を挟む2回以上の冷間圧延により、最終板厚の冷延板とする。なお、上記熱間圧延以降から冷間圧延までの製造条件については、特に制限はなく、常法に準じて行なえばよい。
ここで、急速加熱する温度域を550〜700℃の範囲とする理由は、先述した技術文献に開示されているように、この温度域は、{222}が優先再結晶する温度範囲であり、この温度範囲を急速加熱することによって、二次再結晶の核となる{110}<001>方位の発生を促進することができ、その結果、二次再結晶組織を細粒化し、鉄損が改善されるからである。
また、上記温度範囲の平均昇温速度を40〜200℃/sとする理由は、40℃/s未満では鉄損の改善効果が十分ではなく、一方、200℃/sより高くしても、鉄損改善効果が飽和するからである。
上記に説明した本発明の製造方法によれば、製品コイルのほぼ全長に亘って安定的に二次再結晶組織を細粒化し、良好な鉄損特性を付与することができる。
次いで、上記一次再結晶焼鈍後の試料に、MgOを主成分とし、TiO2を5mass%添加した焼鈍分離剤を水スラリー状にして塗布・乾燥した後、最終仕上焼鈍を施し、リン酸塩系の絶縁張力コーティングを塗布・焼付けし、方向性電磁鋼板とした。
次いで、同じく表2に示した種々の昇温速度で室温から750℃まで加熱し、750から840℃までを昇温速度10℃/sで加熱してから、PH2O/PH2=0.3の湿水素雰囲気中で2分間保持する脱炭焼鈍を兼ねた一次再結晶焼鈍を施した後、MgOを主成分とし、TiO2を10mass%添加した焼鈍分離剤を水スラリー状にして塗布・乾燥し、コイルに巻き取り、最終仕上焼鈍を施した後、リン酸塩系の絶縁張力コーティングを塗布し、焼付と形状矯正を兼ねた平坦化焼鈍を施して方向性電磁鋼板の製品コイルとした。
Claims (2)
- C:0.001〜0.10mass%、Si:1.0〜5.0mass%、Mn:0.01〜0.5mass%、SおよびSeのうちから選ばれる1種または2種:合計0.01〜0.05mass%、sol.Al:0.003〜0.050mass%およびN:0.0010〜0.020mass%を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる成分組成の鋼スラブを熱間圧延し、熱延板焼鈍を施した後もしくは施すことなく、1回もしくは中間焼鈍を挟む2回以上の冷間圧延により最終板厚とした後、一次再結晶焼鈍を施し、その後、焼鈍分離剤を塗布して仕上焼鈍を施す方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法において、前記一次再結晶焼鈍の加熱過程における550〜700℃間を平均昇温速度40〜200℃/sで急速加熱するとともに、250℃〜550℃間のいずれかの温度域において昇温速度10℃/s以下で1〜10秒間保持することを特徴とする方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
- 前記鋼スラブは、前記成分組成に加えてさらに、Cu:0.01〜0.2mass%、Ni:0.01〜0.5mass%、Cr:0.01〜0.5mass%、Sb:0.01〜0.1mass%、Sn:0.01〜0.5mass%、Mo:0.01〜0.5mass%、Bi:0.001〜0.1mass%、Ti:0.005〜0.02mass%、P:0.001〜0.05mass%およびNb:0.0005〜0.0100mass%のうちから選ばれる1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
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CN104471084A (zh) | 2015-03-25 |
KR101707539B1 (ko) | 2017-02-16 |
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