JPWO2012035781A1 - 量子化装置及び量子化方法 - Google Patents
量子化装置及び量子化方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JPWO2012035781A1 JPWO2012035781A1 JP2012533874A JP2012533874A JPWO2012035781A1 JP WO2012035781 A1 JPWO2012035781 A1 JP WO2012035781A1 JP 2012533874 A JP2012533874 A JP 2012533874A JP 2012533874 A JP2012533874 A JP 2012533874A JP WO2012035781 A1 JPWO2012035781 A1 JP WO2012035781A1
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- candidates
- quantization
- stage
- vector
- distortion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000013139 quantization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 162
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 155
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 23
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005236 sound signal Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001755 vocal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
- G10L19/04—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis using predictive techniques
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
- G10L19/02—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis using spectral analysis, e.g. transform vocoders or subband vocoders
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
- G10L19/04—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis using predictive techniques
- G10L19/06—Determination or coding of the spectral characteristics, e.g. of the short-term prediction coefficients
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M7/00—Conversion of a code where information is represented by a given sequence or number of digits to a code where the same, similar or subset of information is represented by a different sequence or number of digits
- H03M7/30—Compression; Expansion; Suppression of unnecessary data, e.g. redundancy reduction
- H03M7/3082—Vector coding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/90—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using coding techniques not provided for in groups H04N19/10-H04N19/85, e.g. fractals
- H04N19/94—Vector quantisation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
- G10L19/04—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis using predictive techniques
- G10L19/06—Determination or coding of the spectral characteristics, e.g. of the short-term prediction coefficients
- G10L19/07—Line spectrum pair [LSP] vocoders
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
- G10L2019/0001—Codebooks
- G10L2019/0004—Design or structure of the codebook
- G10L2019/0005—Multi-stage vector quantisation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
- G10L2019/0001—Codebooks
- G10L2019/0004—Design or structure of the codebook
- G10L2019/0006—Tree or treillis structures; Delayed decisions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
- G10L2019/0001—Codebooks
- G10L2019/0013—Codebook search algorithms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
- G10L2019/0001—Codebooks
- G10L2019/0016—Codebook for LPC parameters
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Computational Linguistics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Compression, Expansion, Code Conversion, And Decoders (AREA)
- Compression Or Coding Systems Of Tv Signals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1に係るCELP符号化装置100の構成を示すブロック図である。このCELP符号化装置100は、声道情報と音源情報とからなる音声信号S11のうち、声道情報については、LPCパラメータ(線形予測係数)を求めることにより符号化する。また、CELP符号化装置100は、音源情報については、予め記憶されている音声モデルのいずれを用いるかを特定する符号データ、すなわち、適応符号帳103および固定符号帳104でどのような音源ベクトル(コードベクトル)を生成するかを特定する符号データを求めることにより、音源情報を符号化する。
本発明の実施の形態2に係るCELP符号化装置の構成は、実施の形態1の図1に示した構成と同一であり、ベクトル量子化部201−jの候補数決定部303の機能が異なるのみなので、必要に応じて図1〜図3を援用して説明する。
102 多段ベクトル量子化部
103 適応符号帳
104 固定符号帳
105 ゲイン符号帳
106、107 乗算器
108、110 加算器
109 LPC合成フィルタ
111 聴感重み付け部
112 歪み最小化部
201−1〜201−J ベクトル量子化部
202 符号決定部
301 歪計算及び符号帳探索部
302 符号帳
303 候補数決定部
304 仮ターゲット算出部
Claims (6)
- 木探索を用いて多段量子化を行う量子化装置であって、
符号化対象の1つ以上のターゲットのそれぞれと符号帳に格納されたコードベクトルとのマッチングを行い、量子化歪の最も小さい方から1つ以上の候補を、前段において決定された、もしくは予め設定された候補数だけ求める探索手段と、
前記候補について、前記ターゲットから前記コードベクトルを減算して量子化誤差ベクトルを算出する算出手段と、
前記前段において決定された候補数に基づいて次段で用いる候補数を決定する候補数決定手段と、
を具備する量子化装置。 - 前記候補数決定手段は、前記前段において決定された候補数から1だけ減らした候補数を次段で用いることを決定する、請求項1記載の量子化装置。
- 前記候補数決定手段は、前記前段において決定された候補数が予め指定された値P以下の場合、前記量子化歪が所定の閾値よりも大きい場合は候補数Pを次段で用いることを決定し、前記量子化歪が前記所定の閾値以下である場合は候補数として予め指定されたPより小さい値Qを次段で用いることを決定する、請求項1に記載の量子化装置。
- 前記探索手段は、1段目である場合、予め指定された候補数だけ量子化歪の最も小さい方から候補を求める、請求項1に記載の量子化装置。
- 前記候補数決定手段は、現在の段数が所定の段数以上であるか、または候補数が所定の候補数P以下であって、
前記量子化歪が所定の閾値よりも大きく、かつ、所定の候補数Rより候補数が小さい場合、候補数Rを次段で用いることを決定し、
前記量子化歪が前記所定の閾値以下であり、かつ、前記候補数Rより小さい所定の候補数Qより候補数が小さい場合、候補数Qを次段で用いることを決定する、
請求項1に記載の量子化装置。 - 木探索を用いて多段量子化を行う量子化方法であって、
符号化対象の1つ以上のターゲットのそれぞれと符号帳に格納されたコードベクトルとのマッチングを行い、量子化歪の最も小さい方から1つ以上の候補を、1段目では、予め指定された候補数だけ求め、2段目以降では、前段において決定された候補数だけ求め、
前記候補について、前記ターゲットから前記コードベクトルを減算して量子化誤差ベクトルを算出し、
前記前段において決定された候補数に基づいて次段で用いる候補数を決定する、
量子化方法。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2012533874A JP5687706B2 (ja) | 2010-09-17 | 2011-09-16 | 量子化装置及び量子化方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2010210116 | 2010-09-17 | ||
JP2010210116 | 2010-09-17 | ||
JP2010230537 | 2010-10-13 | ||
JP2010230537 | 2010-10-13 | ||
PCT/JP2011/005244 WO2012035781A1 (ja) | 2010-09-17 | 2011-09-16 | 量子化装置及び量子化方法 |
JP2012533874A JP5687706B2 (ja) | 2010-09-17 | 2011-09-16 | 量子化装置及び量子化方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPWO2012035781A1 true JPWO2012035781A1 (ja) | 2014-01-20 |
JP5687706B2 JP5687706B2 (ja) | 2015-03-18 |
Family
ID=45831266
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2012533874A Expired - Fee Related JP5687706B2 (ja) | 2010-09-17 | 2011-09-16 | 量子化装置及び量子化方法 |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9135919B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2618331B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5687706B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20130112869A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN103081007A (ja) |
BR (1) | BR112013006103A2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2810995A1 (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2013111526A (ja) |
TW (1) | TW201220715A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2012035781A1 (ja) |
ZA (1) | ZA201301886B (ja) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2011126340A2 (ko) * | 2010-04-08 | 2011-10-13 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 오디오 신호 처리 방법 및 장치 |
CN104918046B (zh) * | 2014-03-13 | 2019-11-05 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | 一种局部描述子压缩方法和装置 |
CN110764696B (zh) * | 2019-09-26 | 2020-10-16 | 开放智能机器(上海)有限公司 | 向量信息存储及更新的方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质 |
KR20240033374A (ko) * | 2022-09-05 | 2024-03-12 | 서울대학교산학협력단 | 비터비 빔 서치를 이용한 레지듀얼 벡터 양자화 장치, 방법 및 컴퓨터 판독 가능 매체 |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH07120958B2 (ja) * | 1986-04-04 | 1995-12-20 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 木探索ベクトル量子化器 |
JPS62234432A (ja) * | 1986-04-04 | 1987-10-14 | Hitachi Ltd | 双方向光伝送方法とその装置 |
JP3114197B2 (ja) * | 1990-11-02 | 2000-12-04 | 日本電気株式会社 | 音声パラメータ符号化方法 |
US5271089A (en) * | 1990-11-02 | 1993-12-14 | Nec Corporation | Speech parameter encoding method capable of transmitting a spectrum parameter at a reduced number of bits |
JP3151874B2 (ja) * | 1991-02-26 | 2001-04-03 | 日本電気株式会社 | 音声パラメータ符号化方式および装置 |
JP3296363B2 (ja) * | 1991-04-30 | 2002-06-24 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 音声の線形予測パラメータ符号化方法 |
US5774839A (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 1998-06-30 | Rockwell International Corporation | Delayed decision switched prediction multi-stage LSF vector quantization |
JP3246715B2 (ja) * | 1996-07-01 | 2002-01-15 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | オーディオ信号圧縮方法,およびオーディオ信号圧縮装置 |
US5966688A (en) * | 1997-10-28 | 1999-10-12 | Hughes Electronics Corporation | Speech mode based multi-stage vector quantizer |
JP3973789B2 (ja) * | 1999-03-09 | 2007-09-12 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 要素分布の探索方法,ベクトル量子化方法,パターン認識方法,音声認識方法,音声認識装置及び認識結果を決定するためのプログラムが記録された記録媒体 |
JP3594854B2 (ja) * | 1999-11-08 | 2004-12-02 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 音声符号化装置及び音声復号化装置 |
JP2002229597A (ja) * | 2000-11-30 | 2002-08-16 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Lpcパラメータのベクトル量子化装置 |
US7392179B2 (en) * | 2000-11-30 | 2008-06-24 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | LPC vector quantization apparatus |
JP3428595B2 (ja) * | 2002-06-03 | 2003-07-22 | 日本電気株式会社 | 音声符号化方式 |
WO2011126340A2 (ko) * | 2010-04-08 | 2011-10-13 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 오디오 신호 처리 방법 및 장치 |
-
2011
- 2011-09-16 KR KR1020137006545A patent/KR20130112869A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-09-16 TW TW100133377A patent/TW201220715A/zh unknown
- 2011-09-16 WO PCT/JP2011/005244 patent/WO2012035781A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2011-09-16 CA CA2810995A patent/CA2810995A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-09-16 US US13/821,577 patent/US9135919B2/en active Active
- 2011-09-16 BR BR112013006103A patent/BR112013006103A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-09-16 JP JP2012533874A patent/JP5687706B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-09-16 RU RU2013111526/08A patent/RU2013111526A/ru unknown
- 2011-09-16 EP EP11824794.9A patent/EP2618331B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2011-09-16 CN CN2011800423091A patent/CN103081007A/zh active Pending
-
2013
- 2013-03-13 ZA ZA2013/01886A patent/ZA201301886B/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP5687706B2 (ja) | 2015-03-18 |
EP2618331A1 (en) | 2013-07-24 |
EP2618331B1 (en) | 2016-08-31 |
ZA201301886B (en) | 2013-11-27 |
CN103081007A (zh) | 2013-05-01 |
US20130173263A1 (en) | 2013-07-04 |
BR112013006103A2 (pt) | 2019-09-24 |
EP2618331A4 (en) | 2013-10-09 |
KR20130112869A (ko) | 2013-10-14 |
TW201220715A (en) | 2012-05-16 |
CA2810995A1 (en) | 2012-03-22 |
WO2012035781A1 (ja) | 2012-03-22 |
RU2013111526A (ru) | 2014-10-27 |
US9135919B2 (en) | 2015-09-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US8306007B2 (en) | Vector quantizer, vector inverse quantizer, and methods therefor | |
US20110004469A1 (en) | Vector quantization device, vector inverse quantization device, and method thereof | |
US8438020B2 (en) | Vector quantization apparatus, vector dequantization apparatus, and the methods | |
JP5335004B2 (ja) | ベクトル量子化装置、ベクトル逆量子化装置、およびこれらの方法 | |
JP5687706B2 (ja) | 量子化装置及び量子化方法 | |
JPWO2009125588A1 (ja) | 符号化装置および符号化方法 | |
JP6644848B2 (ja) | ベクトル量子化装置、音声符号化装置、ベクトル量子化方法、及び音声符号化方法 | |
EP2051244A1 (en) | Audio encoding device and audio encoding method | |
JPWO2007066771A1 (ja) | 固定符号帳探索装置および固定符号帳探索方法 | |
JPWO2008001866A1 (ja) | 音声符号化装置及び音声符号化方法 | |
US9230553B2 (en) | Fixed codebook searching by closed-loop search using multiplexed loop | |
TW201329960A (zh) | 量化裝置及量化方法 | |
WO2012053146A1 (ja) | 符号化装置及び符号化方法 | |
JP2013101212A (ja) | ピッチ分析装置、音声符号化装置、ピッチ分析方法および音声符号化方法 | |
JP2013055417A (ja) | 量子化装置及び量子化方法 | |
JP2013068847A (ja) | 符号化方法及び符号化装置 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20140304 |
|
A711 | Notification of change in applicant |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A711 Effective date: 20140605 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20141028 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20141219 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20150120 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20150122 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 5687706 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
S111 | Request for change of ownership or part of ownership |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313113 |
|
R350 | Written notification of registration of transfer |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |