JPS6365581A - Image sensing method - Google Patents

Image sensing method

Info

Publication number
JPS6365581A
JPS6365581A JP20980986A JP20980986A JPS6365581A JP S6365581 A JPS6365581 A JP S6365581A JP 20980986 A JP20980986 A JP 20980986A JP 20980986 A JP20980986 A JP 20980986A JP S6365581 A JPS6365581 A JP S6365581A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
circuit
defect
signal
output
image sensor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP20980986A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Junichi Matsuo
純一 松尾
Ryoichi Tomita
富田 亮一
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NIPPON EREKUSU DEVICE KK
NGK Insulators Ltd
Original Assignee
NIPPON EREKUSU DEVICE KK
NGK Insulators Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NIPPON EREKUSU DEVICE KK, NGK Insulators Ltd filed Critical NIPPON EREKUSU DEVICE KK
Priority to JP20980986A priority Critical patent/JPS6365581A/en
Publication of JPS6365581A publication Critical patent/JPS6365581A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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  • Image Processing (AREA)
  • Closed-Circuit Television Systems (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To exactly recognize the size of a contour shape of a defect, etc., by inputting in parallel the output signal of a liner image sensor camera to a first circuit and a second circuit, and bringing the outputs of both circuits to an image processing through an OR circuit. CONSTITUTION:The first circuit digitizes the output signal at every scanning of a linear image sensor camera 1, thereafter, inputs it directly to a subtracter 5 through a line 9, and also, inputs simultaneously an output signal delayed by a 1-bit portion by a 1-bit delaying device 4, to the subtracter 5, and executes a differential processing in a scanning line direction thereby. In the second circuit, the signal of a 1-scan portion is delayed and inputted to a subtracter 11, and between this signal and a signal inputted directly from a line 15, a difference processing is executed. The output of an OR circuit 16 contains all the information related to the size of a defect in the scanning direction and the direction vertical to said direction, namely the width and length of the defect. Accordingly, by bringing it to an arithmetic operation processing, the size and the position of the defect can be recognized exactly.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 (産業上の利用分野) 本発明は例えば碍子のような形状複雑な物品の外観検査
や、各種物品の輪郭形状の抽出等に用いられるリニアイ
メージセンサカメラによる画像センシング方法に関する
ものである。
Detailed Description of the Invention (Industrial Field of Application) The present invention relates to an image sensing method using a linear image sensor camera, which is used for visual inspection of articles with complex shapes such as insulators, extraction of contour shapes of various articles, etc. It is related to.

(従来の技術) リニアイメージセンサカメラは走査線上の各点の明度を
連続した電気信号に順次変換することができる機能を有
するものであるため、板ガラスや鋼板のような連続板状
体の表面検査に広く利用されている。ところが第3図に
示される懸垂碍子の裏面のような複雑な凹凸面の表面検
査の場合には、被検査面を均一に照明することが困難で
あるために明度差が生じ、リニアイメージセンサカメラ
の出力中の欠陥による明度変化と照明不均一による明度
変化とを識別できない問題があった。
(Prior art) A linear image sensor camera has the function of sequentially converting the brightness of each point on a scanning line into a continuous electrical signal, so it is suitable for surface inspection of continuous plate-like objects such as plate glass and steel plates. It is widely used in However, when inspecting the surface of a complex uneven surface such as the back surface of a suspended insulator shown in Figure 3, it is difficult to uniformly illuminate the surface to be inspected, resulting in differences in brightness, and the linear image sensor camera There was a problem in that it was not possible to distinguish between brightness changes due to defects in the output and brightness changes due to non-uniform illumination.

このような問題の解決策としては次の2つ、の方法が考
えられる。ひとつの方法はリニアイメージセンサカメラ
の2スキャン分の信号を対応するビット間で差分処理す
ることによって欠陥信号だけを抽出する方法であり、先
に特開昭60−210745号として提案した方法であ
る。また他の方法は出力波形をスキャン方向に微分処理
することにより碍子形状に起因する比較的低周波成分の
出力変化を除去し、鋭い立上りを有する欠陥のみを抽出
する方法である。ところが前者の方法により、第3回に
示すように碍子(50)等の表面検査を行うと、走査線
に対して直角方向に延びる欠陥(51)が存在する場合
にもその両端部分が検出されるだけであるために欠陥(
51)の長さ方向に関する情報をすべて把握することが
できない問題がある。一方、後者の方法は第4図に示さ
れるような通常の欠陥信号波形についてはその立上りと
立下りの両方をとらえて第5図のような微分波形を得る
ことができるが、第6図のような片側がなだらかな欠陥
信号波形については第7図に示されるように立上り部分
しかとらえることができず、欠陥の大きさを正しく把握
できないという問題があった。従っていずれの方法によ
っても欠陥の大きさに関する情報を完全に把握すること
は不可能であり、この問題はリニアイメージセンサカメ
ラによる画像センシング方法に共通なものとしてその解
決が求められていた。
There are two possible solutions to this problem: One method is to extract only defective signals by differentially processing signals from two scans of a linear image sensor camera between corresponding bits, and this method was previously proposed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-210745. . Another method is to remove relatively low frequency component output changes due to the insulator shape by performing differential processing on the output waveform in the scanning direction, and extract only defects with sharp rises. However, when the surface of an insulator (50), etc. is inspected using the former method as shown in Part 3, even if there is a defect (51) extending perpendicular to the scanning line, both ends of the defect are detected. Defects (
51) There is a problem in that it is not possible to grasp all the information regarding the length direction. On the other hand, the latter method can capture both the rising and falling edges of a normal defect signal waveform as shown in Fig. 4 and obtain a differential waveform as shown in Fig. 5. With respect to such a defect signal waveform with a gentle slope on one side, only the rising portion can be captured as shown in FIG. 7, and there is a problem in that the size of the defect cannot be accurately grasped. Therefore, it is impossible to completely obtain information regarding the size of a defect using either method, and this problem is common to image sensing methods using linear image sensor cameras, and a solution has been sought.

(発明が解決しようとする問題点) 本発明は上記のような従来の問題点を解決し、リニアイ
メージセンサカメラにより撮影された欠陥や物品の外形
等の輪郭形状の大きさを正確に把握することができる画
像センシング方法を目的として完成されたものである。
(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems and accurately grasps the size of the outline shape such as a defect or the outer shape of an article photographed by a linear image sensor camera. It was completed with the aim of creating an image sensing method that can

(問題点を解決するための手段) 本発明はリニアイメージセンサカメラの出力信号を、各
スキャン毎に走査線方向に微分処理した後2値化する第
1の回路と、隣接する2スキャン分の信号を対応するビ
ット間で差分処理した後2値化する第2の回路とに並列
に入力し、両回路からの出力を更にオア回路に入力した
うえで、オア回路からの出力信号に基いて画像処理を行
うことを特徴とするものである。
(Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention includes a first circuit that differentially processes an output signal of a linear image sensor camera in the scanning line direction for each scan and then binarizes the output signal, and The signal is input in parallel to a second circuit that performs differential processing between corresponding bits and then binarizes the signal, and the output from both circuits is further input to an OR circuit, and then based on the output signal from the OR circuit, It is characterized by performing image processing.

以下に本発明を図面を参照しつつ更に詳細に説明する。The present invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings.

第1図は本発明において用いられる信号処理回路を示す
もので、(1)は例えば2048ビツトのリニアイメー
ジセンサ(2)を備えたリニアイメージセンサカメラ、
(3)はその出力信号をディジクル信号に変換するA/
D変換器である。第1図の上段に示される第1の回路は
1ビツト遅延器(4)と、減算器(5)と、D/A変換
器(6)と、コンパレータ(7)とオア回路(8)とを
備えたものであり、リニアイメージセンサカメラ+11
の各スキャン毎の出力信号をディジタル化したうえでラ
イン(9)を通じて直接減算器(5)へ入力するととも
に、1ピント遅延器(4)により1ピント分だけ遅らせ
た出力信号を同時に減算器(5)へ入力することによっ
て、走査線方向の微分処理を行う回路である。この減算
器(5)の出力はアナログ信号に変換されたうえ、プラ
ス側とマイナス側の両方にスライスレベルを設定してこ
のレベルを越えるか否かにより2値化された出力を生ず
るコンパレータ(7)に入力される。この結果、リニア
イメージセンサカメラ10の出力信号中に走査線方向の
明度変化を示す信号が存在すると、その変化部分に対応
する位置にl]レベルの信号を含んだ2値化された出力
がコンパレータ(7)から得られることとなる。
FIG. 1 shows a signal processing circuit used in the present invention, in which (1) shows, for example, a linear image sensor camera equipped with a 2048-bit linear image sensor (2),
(3) is an A/
It is a D converter. The first circuit shown in the upper part of FIG. 1 includes a 1-bit delay device (4), a subtracter (5), a D/A converter (6), a comparator (7), and an OR circuit (8). It is equipped with a linear image sensor camera +11
The output signal for each scan is digitized and input directly to the subtracter (5) through the line (9), and the output signal delayed by one pinto by the one-pinto delay device (4) is simultaneously input to the subtractor (5). 5), this circuit performs differential processing in the scanning line direction. The output of this subtracter (5) is converted into an analog signal, and a comparator (7) that sets a slice level on both the plus side and the minus side and generates a binarized output depending on whether or not this level is exceeded. ) is input. As a result, when a signal indicating a change in brightness in the scanning line direction exists in the output signal of the linear image sensor camera 10, a binarized output containing a signal of level l] at a position corresponding to the change part is output to the comparator. This can be obtained from (7).

一方、下段に示される第2の回路は1スキヤン遅延器α
値と、減算器(11)と、D/A変換器(12)と、コ
ンパレータ(13)と、オア回路(14)とから構成さ
れるもので、この第2の回路では1スキャン分の信号(
例えば2048ビツト分の信号)が遅延されて減算器(
11)に入力され、ライン(15)から直接入力される
信号との間で差分処理が行われるので、結局は隣接する
2スキャン分の信号を対応するビット間で差分処理し、
隣接する走査線相互間における明度差が上記と同様にオ
ア回路(14)から出力されることとなる。このような
第1の回路と第2の回路から得られる出力はオア回路(
16)により加算され、演算処理回路へ送られる。
On the other hand, the second circuit shown in the lower row is a 1-scan delay circuit α
This second circuit consists of a value, a subtracter (11), a D/A converter (12), a comparator (13), and an OR circuit (14). (
For example, the signal for 2048 bits) is delayed and the subtracter (
11) and the signal directly input from line (15), so in the end, the signals for two adjacent scans are subjected to differential processing between corresponding bits,
The brightness difference between adjacent scanning lines is output from the OR circuit (14) in the same manner as above. The outputs obtained from such a first circuit and a second circuit are OR circuits (
16) and sent to the arithmetic processing circuit.

次にリニアイメージセンサカメラ(1)の具体的な波形
に基いて、本発明の作用を更に具体的に説明する。
Next, the operation of the present invention will be explained in more detail based on specific waveforms of the linear image sensor camera (1).

第3図に示されるように碍子(50)の表面検査を行う
場合において、リニアイメージセンサカメラfilの走
査線(31)、(32)、(33)、(34)、(35
)が開示のとおり碍子(50)の表面上をスキャンする
ものと仮定する。このとき走査線(31)上には欠陥(
51)が存在しないからリニアイメージセンサカメラ(
1)の出力波形は、碍子(50)のひだの凹凸に起因す
る明度変化だけにより第2図の左上段のとおりとなり、
先行する走査線との間に差はなく、3また走査線方向に
も急激な明度変化はないので第1の回路からも第2の回
路からも出力は生じない。次の走査線(32)上には欠
陥(51)の頭部が存在しているので、隣接する走査線
(31)の対応するビット間で差分処理を行った結果で
ある第2の回路におけるオア回路(I4)の出力は第2
図に示すとおりとなり、更にまた走査線(31)上には
欠陥(51)の存在により走査線方向にも鋭い明度差が
現れるので、第1の回路のオア回路(8)の出力も図示
のとおりとなる。そしてこれらの百出力を加算したオア
回路(16)の出力は第2図2段目右端のとおりとなる
。以下同様に欠陥(51)を横切る走査線(33)、(
34)については第1の回路のオア回路(8)のみから
出力が生じ、欠陥(51)を脱した走査! (35)に
おいては第2の回路のオア回路(14)のみから出力が
生ずることとなる。このようにして得られたオア回路(
16)の出力は、第2図からも明らかなようにスキャン
方向とこれに直角方向の欠陥の大きさ、即ち欠陥の幅と
長さに関する情報をすべて含んでいることになる。
When inspecting the surface of the insulator (50) as shown in FIG. 3, the scanning lines (31), (32), (33), (34), (35) of the linear image sensor camera fil
) scans over the surface of the insulator (50) as disclosed. At this time, there are defects (
51) does not exist, so a linear image sensor camera (
The output waveform of 1) is as shown in the upper left row of Fig. 2, due only to the change in brightness caused by the unevenness of the folds of the insulator (50).
Since there is no difference from the preceding scanning line and there is no rapid change in brightness in the scanning line direction, no output is generated from either the first circuit or the second circuit. Since the head of the defect (51) exists on the next scanning line (32), the second circuit which is the result of differential processing between the corresponding bits of the adjacent scanning line (31) The output of the OR circuit (I4) is the second
As shown in the figure, there is also a sharp brightness difference in the scan line direction due to the presence of the defect (51) on the scan line (31), so the output of the OR circuit (8) of the first circuit is also as shown in the figure. As expected. The output of the OR circuit (16) obtained by adding these 100 outputs is as shown at the right end of the second row in FIG. Similarly, scanning lines (33), (
Regarding 34), the output is generated only from the OR circuit (8) of the first circuit, and the scan that escapes the defect (51)! In (35), the output is generated only from the OR circuit (14) of the second circuit. The OR circuit obtained in this way (
As is clear from FIG. 2, the output of step 16) includes all information regarding the size of the defect in the scanning direction and the direction perpendicular thereto, that is, the width and length of the defect.

従ってこれを演算処理すれば欠陥(51)の大きさと位
置を正確に把握することが可能となり、また第6図に示
されるようなスキャン方向の微分処理のみでは正確に大
きさを把握できなかった波形についても、第2の回路に
よってその大きさを正しくとらえることが可能となる。
Therefore, by calculating this, it is possible to accurately grasp the size and position of the defect (51), and the size cannot be accurately grasped only by differential processing in the scanning direction as shown in Figure 6. The size of the waveform can also be accurately captured by the second circuit.

なお以上の説明は碍子(50)の表面の欠陥(51)の
検査を行う場合についてなされたが、本発明はリニアイ
メージセンサカメラの出力信号の全ビットについて前後
、左右のビットとの相互比較を行う方法であるから、一
般的な物品の輪郭形状の抽出方法としてもそQまま利用
できるものである。
Although the above explanation has been made regarding the case of inspecting defects (51) on the surface of the insulator (50), the present invention also involves mutual comparison of all bits of the output signal of a linear image sensor camera with bits on the front, rear, left and right sides. Since this method is a method for extracting the contour shape of general articles, it can be used as is.

(発明の効果) 本発明は以上の説明からも明らかなように、欠陥等の両
端部分しか把握できないという従来の問題点を解決する
とともに、走査線方向の微分処理のみを行った場合に生
ずる、一端の立上り部の明度変化だけが急峻であって他
の部分の明度変化がゆるやかな欠陥等についてはその走
査線方向の大きさを正しく把握できないという欠点をも
同時に解決したものである。よって本発明は欠陥検査の
みならず、ロボットの目に必要な物品の輪郭形状の把握
にも用いることができる画像センシング方法として、広
〈産業の発展に寄与するものである
(Effects of the Invention) As is clear from the above description, the present invention solves the conventional problem of being able to grasp only both ends of a defect, etc., and also solves the problem that occurs when only differential processing in the scanning line direction is performed. This also solves the problem that it is not possible to accurately grasp the size of defects in the scanning line direction for defects where only the brightness change is steep at one end and the brightness change is gradual at other parts. Therefore, the present invention contributes to the development of a wide range of industries as an image sensing method that can be used not only for defect inspection but also for grasping the contour shape of objects, which is necessary for robot eyes.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図は本発明に用いる回路を示す回路図、第2図は回
路の各部の出力波形図、第3図は碍子の表面検査状態を
示す斜視図、第4図は通常の欠陥信号波形の例を示す波
形図、第5図はその微分波形図、第6図は特殊な欠陥信
号波形を示す波形図、第7図はその微分波形図である。 (1):リニアイメージセンサカメラ、(8);第1の
回路におけるオア回路、(14):第2の回路における
オア回路、(16): オア回路。 第1図 第3 図 f j[4図     M6図 第5図     M7図
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram showing the circuit used in the present invention, Fig. 2 is an output waveform diagram of each part of the circuit, Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing the surface inspection state of an insulator, and Fig. 4 is a typical defect signal waveform. FIG. 5 is a waveform diagram showing an example, FIG. 5 is a differential waveform diagram thereof, FIG. 6 is a waveform diagram showing a special defect signal waveform, and FIG. 7 is a differential waveform diagram thereof. (1): Linear image sensor camera, (8): OR circuit in the first circuit, (14): OR circuit in the second circuit, (16): OR circuit. Figure 1 Figure 3 f j [Figure 4 Figure M6 Figure 5 Figure M7

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] リニアイメージセンサカメラの出力信号を、各スキャン
毎に走査線方向に微分処理した後2値化する第1の回路
と、隣接する2スキャン分の信号を対応するビット間で
差分処理した後2値化する第2の回路とに並列に入力し
、両回路からの出力を更にオア回路に入力したうえで、
オア回路からの出力信号に基いて画像処理を行うことを
特徴とする画像センシング方法。
A first circuit that performs differential processing on the output signal of the linear image sensor camera in the scanning line direction for each scan and then converts it into a binary value, and a second circuit that performs differential processing on the signals of two adjacent scans between corresponding bits and then converts them into binary values. The output from both circuits is input in parallel to the second circuit to be
An image sensing method characterized by performing image processing based on an output signal from an OR circuit.
JP20980986A 1986-09-05 1986-09-05 Image sensing method Pending JPS6365581A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP20980986A JPS6365581A (en) 1986-09-05 1986-09-05 Image sensing method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP20980986A JPS6365581A (en) 1986-09-05 1986-09-05 Image sensing method

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS6365581A true JPS6365581A (en) 1988-03-24

Family

ID=16578961

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP20980986A Pending JPS6365581A (en) 1986-09-05 1986-09-05 Image sensing method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS6365581A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018086299A1 (en) * 2016-11-11 2018-05-17 广东电网有限责任公司清远供电局 Image processing-based insulator defect detection method and system

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60210745A (en) * 1984-04-04 1985-10-23 Ngk Insulators Ltd Visual sensor system
JPS60211583A (en) * 1984-04-06 1985-10-23 Nec Corp Area identification system
JPS61175787A (en) * 1985-01-29 1986-08-07 Nichiden Mach Ltd Edge detecting circuit

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60210745A (en) * 1984-04-04 1985-10-23 Ngk Insulators Ltd Visual sensor system
JPS60211583A (en) * 1984-04-06 1985-10-23 Nec Corp Area identification system
JPS61175787A (en) * 1985-01-29 1986-08-07 Nichiden Mach Ltd Edge detecting circuit

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018086299A1 (en) * 2016-11-11 2018-05-17 广东电网有限责任公司清远供电局 Image processing-based insulator defect detection method and system

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