JPS6361096B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6361096B2 JPS6361096B2 JP2916480A JP2916480A JPS6361096B2 JP S6361096 B2 JPS6361096 B2 JP S6361096B2 JP 2916480 A JP2916480 A JP 2916480A JP 2916480 A JP2916480 A JP 2916480A JP S6361096 B2 JPS6361096 B2 JP S6361096B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- container
- powder
- filled
- pressure
- inner container
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000462 isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 N2 Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005355 lead glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009849 vacuum degassing Methods 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010067482 No adverse event Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001485 argon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012611 container material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002829 nitrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012254 powdered material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002436 steel type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Description
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æ¬çºæã¯ç±ééæ°Žå§ãã¬ã¹æ圢ïŒä»¥äžHIPãšã
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ããã»ã¹ã«é¢ãããã®ã§ãããDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an improved method of hot isostatic pressing (hereinafter referred to as HIP).
Improved HIP that reduces operating time and increases yield when preheating prior to processing
It's about process.
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çœ®äŸ¡æ Œãè«å€§ãªãã®ã«ãªãã In recent years, the HIP process has been used for forming, densifying, and sintering high-speed steel powder, superalloy powder, etc., and is being commercialized. In this case, how to increase the operating rate of the relatively expensive HIP equipment, or in other words, how to shorten the HIP cycle time will greatly contribute to cost reduction. In particular, as products have become larger in recent years, HIP equipment has also tended to become larger, and HIP cycle times are increasing.
In order to shorten this time, various measures have been taken to make the compressor more efficient, increase the capacity, improve the heating device, and make other HIP equipment more efficient, but there are naturally limits to improving the equipment itself. Therefore, the cost of the equipment will be enormous.
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åãããèããçããªãããšãå€ã€ãã Other most effective methods include performing cold compression molding to increase the density of the powder filled in the container prior to HIP treatment, or preheating the object in an atmospheric pressure furnace. A combination of these has been adopted. By the way, the inventors of the present invention have conducted various studies on the HIP process, and after repeated trial and error, have found that the time required to raise the temperature of the object to be processed to the required temperature under pressure and under atmospheric pressure is We found that there was a large difference in the In other words, the time required to heat the center of the powdered material packed in a container to the required temperature is found to be significantly shorter under pressure than under atmospheric pressure for the following reasons: Ivy.
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ã被åŠçäœãžç±ãè¯ãäŒãããããšãã°ã1000
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察æµãçãã察æµç±äŒéçã極ããŠå€§ããªå€ãš
ãªããa Under pressure, the thermal conductivity from the furnace atmosphere to the object to be processed becomes extremely high. That is, heat is well transferred from the atmosphere to the object to be processed. For example, 1000
Although high-pressure argon gas of Kg/cm 2 has a density several hundred times that of argon at atmospheric pressure, its viscosity is only about 1.1 to 3 times, so intense convection occurs and the convective heat transfer coefficient decreases. This is an extremely large value.
ïœ HIPãµã€ã¯ã«ã®åæã®æ®µéã«ãç²æ«ææã®ç·»
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ã®ç±ã®äŒå°ãè¯ããªããb At the early stage of the HIP cycle, the powder material becomes densified, resulting in a dramatic increase in the thermal conductivity of the powder material. That is, heat conduction inside the object to be processed is improved.
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ããã€ãã«ã第ïŒå³ã¯ãçé°å²æ°æž©åºŠã1000â
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ã€ããc The container shrinks as densification progresses. Since the temperature increase time is inversely proportional to the square of the diameter of the object to be treated, this effect also shortens the temperature increase time. Next, in Figure 1, the furnace atmosphere temperature is set to 1000â.
310mm outer diameter filled with high speed steel powder as
The temperature rise curve is for heating a container from 0° C., where the vertical axis shows the temperature at the center of the object to be processed and the horizontal axis shows time. Calculations were performed using the finite element method.
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ã§ããã In the figure, #1 to #4 correspond to the following conditions.
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第ïŒå³ããå€ãããã«ã容åšäžå¿éšã950â
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å€æããã #1: Equivalent to heating under atmospheric pressure #2: Considering only improvement in heat transfer under high pressure (1000Kg/cm 2 ) #3: Considering improvement in thermal conductivity due to densification #4: Container due to densification As you can see from Figure 1, the temperature at the center of the container is 950â.
The time required to reach (95% of the furnace atmosphere temperature) is 435 minutes for #1, 368 minutes for #2, 94 minutes for #3,
#4 took 79 minutes. As a result, it was found that when heating the powder packed in a container, the heating time under pressure is one-fourth to one-fifth that of atmospheric pressure. It was found that this improvement greatly contributed to shortening the heating time.
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æã¯å°ãããã®ã§ããã Next, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between pressure and powder density when the same high-speed steel powder is used. The temperature of the furnace in this case is 1050â, but even though the initial powder packing density before pressurization was 65%, the powder density increased to 90% with a pressure of only 200Kg/ cm2 . It can be seen that the amount of heat increases, and it contributes sufficiently to the improvement of heat conduction. By the way, as mentioned above,
When trying to improve the thermal conductivity of the object to be treated,
The method of increasing the packing density by cold compression is well known, but in this case, 4000
A pressure of ~5000Kg/ cm2 is required, and the compressed density at that time increases by only a few percent, so the effect on improving thermal conductivity is small considering the use of an expensive cold forming machine. It is.
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ã«åšç¥ã§ããã Furthermore, when powder is subjected to HIP processing, the powder is usually filled into a container made of a material that is not permeable to gases, the inside is vacuum degassed, and the container is sealed.
HIP processing is common. In addition, in order to manufacture tool steel products with complex shapes using the HIP method, metal powder material is filled into a mold container with a shape corresponding to the product shape, and the mold container is used to house pressure medium particles. It is already well known that the material is buried in a heated outer container, and subjected to the same vacuum degassing and preheating steps as described above, followed by HIP treatment.
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ãšããŠå·¥çšã®ç°¡ç¥åã¯éæãããŠããªãã In such well-known and commonly used methods, if the inside of the container is not sufficiently degassed, residual air or replacement gas such as N2 , or gases generated from the metal powder material may cause the inside of the final product to leak. It is believed that this can lead to the formation of pores or structures that can be a practical problem, and it is important to perform the degassing process carefully over a long period of time. Due to the reduction in conductivity, the preheating process required a long time, which significantly hindered the efficiency of the process. Tokuko Showa 51-
Publication No. 18202 discloses that in order to provide effective heat conduction during the preheating process, an inert, low molecular weight gas container such as helium or hydrogen is temporarily filled after the degassing process to shorten the preheating time and achieve the desired temperature. A method is disclosed in which, once heated to a temperature, the gas is removed and the material is subjected to HIP treatment. In this method as well, degassing,
Gas replacement and exhaust gas must be performed sequentially, and simplification of the process has not yet been achieved.
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ã€ãŠãæããã§ããã On the other hand, the inventors of the present invention have tried the HIP method on various materials to be treated, and after conducting detailed studies, they have found that, except for those with very strict composition regulations, the compositional fluctuations caused by residual gas are generally negligible. I came to the conclusion that this is the case. This fact is also clear from the following explanation.
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ãšãããã空æ°äžã®äž»èŠæåã¯O2ïŒ20.93ïŒ
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ïŒArïŒ0.9325ïŒ
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ã«ãªãã Now, the iron alloy powder to be processed manufactured by the nitrogen gas atomization method is filled in air into an outer container with an internal volume of V(l), and the filling rate is as follows: Suppose it is β. Then, when the container is sealed with air remaining inside the outer container, V(1-β)
This means that the air in (l) is trapped.
However, the main components in the air are O2 : 20.93%,
N2 : 78.10%, Ar: 0.9325%. Therefore, the following amounts of O 2 .N 2 and Ar exist in the air of V(1-β)(l) confined in the container.
O2ïŒïŒ¶ïŒïŒâβïŒÃ32ïŒ22.4Ã0.2093
ïŒ0.299VïŒïŒâβïŒïŒïœïŒ
N2ïŒïŒ¶ïŒïŒâβïŒÃ28ïŒ2.24Ã0.7810
ïŒ0.976VïŒïŒâβïŒïŒïœïŒ
ArïŒïŒ¶ïŒïŒâβïŒÃ0.009325
ïŒ0.009325VïŒïŒâβïŒïŒïœïŒ
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ãšãªãã O 2 :V(1-β)Ã32/22.4Ã0.2093 =0.299V(1-β)(g) N2 :V(1-β)Ã28/2.24Ã0.7810 =0.976V(1-β)( g) Ar: V(1-β) x 0.009325 = 0.009325V(1-β)(l) However, the N2 in the air trapped in the outer container with the above powder, during heating in the HIP process, Most of it is absorbed into the alloy powder,
It no longer exists as a gas in the sintered body after HIP. Incidentally, the nitrogen concentration increased by this nitrogen in the air is as follows. That is, if the true density of the alloy material is Ï (g/l) and the filling rate of the alloy powder in the outer container is γ (%), then the weight of the final sintered body is VÎ³Ï (g). . Therefore, at first,
If all the nitrogen in the air remaining in the outer container is absorbed into the alloy powder, the increased nitrogen concentration will be 0.976V(1-β)/VγÏ=0.976(1-β)/ γÏ
becomes.
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0.299ïŒïŒâβïŒïŒÎ³Ïãšãªãã On the other hand, oxygen in the air is known to oxidize all metals when heated to high temperatures, forming oxides. Therefore, the oxygen in the air that initially remained in the container is absorbed into the powder as an oxide, and no longer remains as a gas in the sintered body after the HIP treatment. And the oxygen concentration increased by this oxygen in the air is also
0.299(1-β)/γÏ.
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ïŒ2.18Ã10-5ïŒ21.8ppm
ãšãªãã As is clear from the above, among the air initially trapped in the outer container together with the powder,
At least 20.93+78.10=90.03% gas component is HIP
It will be absorbed into the powder during the process.
Therefore, considering the increase in the oxygen concentration of oxygen and nitrogen mentioned above, we found that the alloy is high speed steel, the true density (Ï) is 8200g/, the total filling rate (β) in the outer container is 70%, Assuming that the filling rate (γ) of alloy powder in the outer container is 50%, increase in nitrogen concentration = 0.976 (1-0.70) / 0.5 x 8200 = 7.14 x 10 -5 = 71.4 ppm Increase in oxygen concentration = 0.299 (1 - 0.70) /0.5Ã8200 =2.18Ã10 -5 =21.8ppm.
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ããã®ãšèŠãããã It is already a well-known fact that an increase in nitrogen and oxygen concentrations to this extent has no adverse effect on product quality; on the contrary, depending on the type of alloy material,
For example, as specifically disclosed in JP-A-50-49108, the inclusion of nitrogen appears to improve product quality.
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ãŠæ€èšãå ããã Finally, we will consider the influence of argon in the air.
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ã¢ã«ãŽã³ã®éã¯0.009325VïŒïŒâβïŒ(l)ã§ããã It is generally believed that argon is an inert gas, and although a small portion will dissolve into the metal under high pressure and temperature, most of the portion will end up in the outer container in a gaseous state. Therefore, when we quantitatively examine this argon, as already mentioned, the amount of argon initially confined in the outer container is 0.009325V (1 - β) (l).
HIPåŠçã®æž©åºŠãïŒãïŒãå§åãïŒatmïŒãš
ããHIPåŠçåŸã®ã¢ã«ãŽã³ã®å®¹ç©ãïŒïœïŒãšã
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ãã Let the temperature of HIP treatment be T (ã), the pressure be P (atm), and the volume of argon after HIP treatment be V (l). If the container is sealed at 300°C (27°C) and all the trapped argon remains as a gas in the compacted body inside the outer container, the following equation holds.
ïŒïŒatmïŒÃ0.009325VïŒïŒâβïŒ(l)ïŒ300ïŒãïŒ
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ïŒ3.11Ã10-5ïŒïŒâβïŒïŒŽïŒPβ
ãšãªãã 1(atm)Ã0.009325V(1-β)(l)/300(ã) =P(atm)ã»V(l)/T(ã) Therefore, V=0.009325V(1-β)T/300P ( l) On the other hand, since the volume of the outer container after HIP is Vβ (l), porosity = 0.009325V (1-β)T/300P/Vβ = 3.11Ã10 -5 (1-β)T/Pβ .
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å¯åºŠåããããšãå€ãã Now, if β = 0.70, T = 1373 (ã) P = 1000 (atm), porosity = 3.11 à 10 -5 (1 - 0.70) à 1373 / 1000 à 0.75 = 1.71 à 10 -5 = 0.0017% Assuming that the density of the sintered body is compressed to the same degree as the other material in the outer container, the relative density is
It can be seen that the density can be increased to 99.9983%, which is a value that poses no problem in practice.
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ã倧ããªåé¡ç¹ãšããŠæ®ãããŠããã From the above explanation, even if the inside of the container is not degassed, if the powder is a material that absorbs N 2 and O 2 like the above alloy, there will be almost no adverse effects on the final product of HIP processing. I understand. However, even with such an advantageous process, a major problem actually arises when a preheating step is attempted to improve product productivity. In other words, when an attempt is made to preheat a non-degassed powder-filled container, the moment the container is inserted into a preheating furnace, the residual gas inside the container thermally expands and destroys the container. In order to prevent such phenomena,
Currently, it is common to evacuate the inside of the container to a vacuum. If vacuum degassing is performed in this way, problems arise such as the shape of the container becomes complicated, it is difficult to seal the degassing tube, and it takes a long time for vacuum degassing. In addition, with the already proposed method of directly charging a non-degassed sealed capsule into a HIP furnace, the temperature rise time in the HIP furnace becomes longer, resulting in a decrease in productivity due to an increase in HIP cycle time. This remained a major problem.
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ãªãããšã«ããã The method of the present invention is based on the above-mentioned technical knowledge as a result of intensive research in order to solve the various problems associated with the conventional technology as described above, and adopts specific preheating conditions prior to HIP treatment. The unique feature of this product is that the inner container filled with metal powder is buried in the outer container filled with pressure medium particles, and after preheating, it is subjected to hot isostatic pressing. In this method, the inner container material is made of a material inert to the metal powder to be filled, while the outer container is made of a gas-impermeable material and the inner container is filled with the metal powder to be treated. After embedding in the outer container, the outer container is sealed and preheated to a predetermined temperature in a pressurized gas atmosphere in a preheating furnace, and then hot heated in a high pressure furnace in a high temperature and high pressure gas atmosphere. The object is to perform densification and sintering of the metal powder in the inner container by performing a hydrostatic press treatment.
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ãã Examples of metal powders to which the method of the present invention is applied include metal powders such as Fe-based alloys, Ni-based titanium alloys, and cobalt metals, particularly Fe-based alloys,
Ni-based alloys are most suitable for carrying out the method of the invention.
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åºãé»æ¢ããã The inner container to be filled with such metal powder is made of a material that is inert to the metal powder contained, such as silica, alumina, zirconium, nickel, platinum or mixtures thereof, or metals containing these. The inner container is formed from such a material in a shape that corresponds to the shape of the final product and has an opening in a portion thereof. The metal powder is filled into the inner container through this opening in the air or under a nitrogen gas atmosphere, preferably while stirring or shaking. After filling, a lid with a nozzle is attached to the opening by welding, and this nozzle is further pressurized or clamped to allow the flow of gas, but to prevent the flow of the metal powder and pressure medium particles described below. It is preferable to close the gap while leaving a gap as narrow as possible. By doing so, when the inner container is embedded in the pressure medium particles, the pressure medium particles are prevented from entering and mixing with the container and having an adverse effect on the product, and also preventing leakage and overflow of the metal particles.
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ãã In addition, if the product has strict composition regulations and it is necessary to avoid a reaction between the metal material to be treated and oxygen or nitrogen, the interior of the container may be pumped through the nozzle of the inner container filled with metal powder by means such as a vacuum pump. After deaerating the air or nitrogen gas, the nozzle is closed under pressure and then welded and sealed.
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æçãé©çšå¯èœã§ããã The outer container in which the inner container is housed is made of a gas-impermeable material and has an opening for receiving the inner container and the pressure fluid particles, and the opening is suitably configured to be easily sealed. be done. For example, after storing the inner container and the pressure medium particles, a lid is welded and sealed, or a lid with a nozzle is installed, and the gas inside is sucked and degassed by a vacuum pump through the nozzle, and the nozzle part is occlude and seal. As the gas-impermeable material, metal, particularly mild steel, is preferable, and glass or a composite material of metal and glass can be used.
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è¡ãªãã A suitable amount of pressure medium particles made of fine powder are stored in such an outer container, and the pressure medium particles completely fill the gap between the entire circumferential surface of the inner container buried therein and the inner wall of the outer container. , also positions the inner container.
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KgïŒcm2çšåºŠã®å§åãäœçšãããããšãããã The double-combined container filled with metal particles and pressure medium particles as described above is sealed as described above, with or without evacuating the inside, and then charged into a preheating furnace and filled with pressurized gas. It is preheated to a predetermined temperature in an atmosphere. The pressure of the atmospheric gas in this case varies depending on the preheating temperature, but especially in the case of a non-degassing method,
When preheated to a temperature of about 1000â at least about
4.2Kg/cm 2 , at least 4.6Kg/cm 2 at approximately 1100â
It is best to set it to about cm 2 . In the case of degassing methods, lower pressures may be employed, but in any case at least 100 Kg/cm 2 , preferably 200 Kg/cm 2 to achieve better heating efficiency and shorten preheating times.
It is preferable to apply a pressure of about Kg/cm 2 .
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æãããã That is, powder 2 and gas are contained in a sealed container 1 as shown in FIG. 3, and the temperature at the time of filling is set to 300°
(27â), the pressure is 1Kg/ cm2 , and the preheating temperature is e.g.
1373ã(1100â). Assuming that the powder is sintered by heating and the volume does not change, the internal pressure of the container will be 1373 (ã) / 300 (ã) â 4.6 (Kg /
cm2 ). Although this value itself is not that large, for example, if the inner diameter of the container is 300 mm, the entire upper and lower lids will have
This means that 3.25 tons of pressure is exerted on each.
For example, in the case of the upper lid, if you look at the cross section,
Since it is restrained only by A and B, 3.25 tons of stress is concentrated on this part, and the top cover bulges as shown by the dotted line in the figure due to heating, and eventually breaks at A and B parts. Pressure preheating in the method of the present invention is extremely effective in preventing such thermal expansion. The pressure required at that time is, for example, only 4.6 Kg/cm 2 under the above conditions, but if shortening of preheating time is taken into account, as mentioned above, it is preferably at least 100 Kg/cm 2 , particularly preferably At least 200Kg/cm 2 seems appropriate.
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æ§ã®å¹æãåŸãããã If the method of the present invention is applied, it is a great advantage that HIP treatment can be performed by preheating the container without deaerating the inside of the container. In other words, even if air or replacement N2 gas remains inside the container,
By pressurizing and preheating, the destruction of the container due to expansion during heating is suppressed, and once the powder inside reaches a high temperature, it absorbs the residual gas inside, so it cannot be inserted into, for example, a HIP device. Therefore, even if the pressure is reduced, the phenomenon of the container breaking due to internal pressure no longer occurs. Also, if the powder is N 2 , O 2
For materials that do not absorb
A similar effect can be obtained by inserting an N 2 and O 2 absorbent (eg, titanium powder, aluminum powder, etc.).
次ã«æ¬çºææ¹æ³ã«ããå ·äœçå®æœäŸãæ²ããã Next, specific examples of the method of the present invention will be listed.
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å¡«ãããã(Example 1) C: 1.57% Cr: 4.21% W: 12.50% V: 4.71% Co: 4.97% Fe: balance High speed steel powder having the above composition was produced by a nitrogen gas atomization method. And this powder has an inner diameter of 200
An inner cylindrical container made of a mixture of alumina and soda-lead glass with a height of 250 mm was filled with stirring in the atmosphere, and after filling, a lid made of the same material and equipped with a ventilation nozzle was attached to the opening of the container. . This material was charged into a thin-walled outer mild steel container with an inner diameter of 310 mm and a height of 350 mm. A mixed powder of silica particles and soda-lead glass powder was placed in a mild steel container, and was filled in all the gaps between the inner wall and the inner wall of the mild steel container so as to surround the inner container.
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HIPåŠçãè¡ãªã€ãã Next, without evacuating the inside of the mild steel container,
While air remained, a mild steel top cover was welded to the upper opening to seal it. This product was placed in a preheating furnace that had been previously heated to 1100°C, and heated while pressurizing Ar gas at 200 kg/cm 2 . After maintaining this state for 2 hours (at this point, as a result of preliminary experiments, the temperature at the center of the powder-filled container has risen to 95% or more of the holding temperature of the preheating furnace), the pressure is immediately increased. Although the pressure was reduced, the container was not damaged by the reduced pressure. This preheated container was then immediately placed into the HIP device, which was also preheated to 1100â, and held at 1100â and 800 atm for 30 minutes.
Performed HIP processing.
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ã§ããã Next, a tool was manufactured from this material through a predetermined process and heated at 1210°C for 3 minutes. After OQ (oil quenching) quenching and tempering heat treatment at 560â x 1.5 hours x 3 times, the cutting tool mounting angle is 0-15-6-6-15-
Intermittent cutting was performed with R0.4, tool overhang 34 mm, depth of cut 1.5 mm, feed rate 0.2 mm, and workpiece material SNCM8 (H R C32) (with 4 grooves). Fig. 4 shows the cutting performance results with a conventional melt-metal tool made of the same steel type. In Fig. 4, the horizontal axis represents the number of impacts, and the vertical axis represents the maximum amount of wear on the flank surface of the tool.Curve A represents the tool obtained by the method of the present invention, and curve B represents the conventional melted material tool. are shown respectively. As is clear from the figure, the superiority of the tool manufactured by the method of the present invention is remarkable.
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8.12ïœïŒcm2ãšçè«å¯åºŠã«éããŠããã(Example 2) C: 0.86% Cr: 4.24% W: 6.14% V: 1.89% Mo: 5.01% Fe: balance High speed steel powder having the above composition was produced by a nitrogen gas atomization method. As a result of oxygen analysis, this powder had an oxygen concentration of 65 ppm. Next, this powder is filled into an inner cylindrical container made of mild steel with an inner diameter of 140 mm and a height of 260 mm in the atmosphere to a filling rate of 70%. After filling, a mild steel lid equipped with a ventilation nozzle is welded, and the middle of the ventilation nozzle is It was sealed by applying pressure, leaving a narrow gap as shown in Figure 5. Next, adjust the inner diameter of this mild steel container.
The container is charged into an outer mild steel cylindrical container measuring 310 mm and 340 mm in height, and at the same time, a mixed powder of silica particles and soda-lead glass is filled, and the inner container is positioned so that it is completely buried in the mixed powder, and then ventilated. A mild steel lid with a nozzle was welded over the top opening of the mild steel container. In addition, the ventilation nozzle is connected to a vacuum pump through a conduit, and the air inside the container is reduced to a vacuum level of 0.02 torr.
The ventilation nozzle was sealed by the blow pressure method while maintaining the degree of vacuum, and then the blow pressure portion was cut and the cut portion was sealed by welding. this thing in advance
Charged into a preheating furnace heated to 1100â, heated to 100â
It was heated while being pressurized with Ar gas of Kg/cm 2 . After maintaining this state for 2.5 hours (at this point, as a result of preliminary experiments, the temperature at the center of the powder-filled container had risen to more than 95% of the holding temperature of the preheating furnace), the pressure was reduced to atmospheric pressure. This preheated container was immediately placed into a HIP device which had also been preheated to 1100°C, and HIP treatment was carried out at 1100°C, 800 atm, and held for 30 minutes. When the obtained product was taken out and analyzed for oxygen, its oxygen concentration was 60 ppm. Also, no pores were observed using a microscope, and their density was
The theoretical density was reached at 8.12 g/cm 2 .
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ã§ããã As mentioned above, the method of the present invention greatly improves preheating efficiency and significantly shortens preheating time, regardless of the presence or absence of a degassing process inside the container, and also reduces the HIP processing time associated with it. It is an industrially extremely advantageous method, as it is possible to increase the operating rate of the equipment and achieve high efficiency, and the resulting product is of a quality that is at least as good as that of conventional methods. be. In particular, the method of the invention
Focusing on the materials of the inner and outer containers, the inner container was made of a material that is inert to the metal powder filled inside, and the outer container was made of a gas-impermeable material, which spreads to the inner container. The gas pressure spreads to the inner container extremely evenly through the pressure medium particles between the inner container and the outer container, and a good HIP treatment is applied to ensure positioning, which allows the metal powder in the inner container to be densified and sintered. In addition, the inner container and the metal powder inside do not affect each other, so that the densification sintering can be made more stable and the effects of the HIP treatment can be exhibited more effectively.
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Figure 1 is a diagram showing the temporal change in the center temperature of the workpiece when heated in a preheating furnace, and Figure 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between atmospheric gas pressure and powder density when preheating high-speed steel powder. Fig. 3 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing the state of capsule expansion when a powder-filled capsule is preheated without pressure, and Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the state of capsule expansion when a powder-filled capsule is preheated without pressure. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the cutting performance of a tool and a conventional tool, respectively, and FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a ventilation nozzle for the inner container suitably applied to the method of the present invention.
Claims (1)
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æ¹æ³ã[Scope of Claims] 1. In a method in which an inner container filled with metal powder is buried in an outer container filled with pressure medium particles, the inner container is preheated, and then hot isostatic pressing is performed, the inner container is filled. The inner container is made of a material that is inert to the metal powder to be treated, while the outer container is made of a gas-impermeable material, the inner container is filled with the metal powder to be treated, and this is buried in the outer container. After that, the outer container is sealed and preheated to a predetermined temperature in a pressurized gas atmosphere in a preheating furnace, and then,
A hot isostatic pressing method, characterized in that the metal powder in the inner container is densified and sintered by hot isostatic pressing in a high-pressure furnace in a high-temperature, high-pressure gas atmosphere. 2. Claim 1, wherein the inner container is filled with metal powder and the inner container is buried in the outer container in the air or a nitrogen gas atmosphere, and the outer container is sealed without evacuating both containers. The hot isostatic pressing method described in . 3. Claim 1, wherein the inner container is filled with metal powder and the inner container is buried in the outer container in the air or a nitrogen gas atmosphere, and after both containers are degassed, the outer container is sealed. The hot isostatic pressing method described in . 4. The heating method according to claim 1, wherein the inner container is filled with metal powder in the air or a nitrogen gas atmosphere, the metal powder is degassed and sealed, and then the metal powder is buried in the outer container and the outer container is sealed. isostatic pressing method.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2916480A JPS56126031A (en) | 1980-03-10 | 1980-03-10 | Hot hydrostatic pressing method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2916480A JPS56126031A (en) | 1980-03-10 | 1980-03-10 | Hot hydrostatic pressing method |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS56126031A JPS56126031A (en) | 1981-10-02 |
JPS6361096B2 true JPS6361096B2 (en) | 1988-11-28 |
Family
ID=12268600
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2916480A Granted JPS56126031A (en) | 1980-03-10 | 1980-03-10 | Hot hydrostatic pressing method |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS56126031A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4683341B2 (en) * | 2006-08-30 | 2011-05-18 | æ¥ç«éå±æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | Degassing and sealing method for powder pressure sintering container |
-
1980
- 1980-03-10 JP JP2916480A patent/JPS56126031A/en active Granted
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS56126031A (en) | 1981-10-02 |
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