JPS6344186B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6344186B2 JPS6344186B2 JP56056821A JP5682181A JPS6344186B2 JP S6344186 B2 JPS6344186 B2 JP S6344186B2 JP 56056821 A JP56056821 A JP 56056821A JP 5682181 A JP5682181 A JP 5682181A JP S6344186 B2 JPS6344186 B2 JP S6344186B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- hardness
- hole
- indenter
- hardness meter
- measurement
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007546 Brinell hardness test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007550 Rockwell hardness test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007545 Vickers hardness test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007542 hardness measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/40—Investigating hardness or rebound hardness
- G01N3/42—Investigating hardness or rebound hardness by performing impressions under a steady load by indentors, e.g. sphere, pyramid
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は、パイプ、孔内面の硬さを測定する内
面硬度計に関し、試料を摘出することなく、パイ
プ内などに挿入して直ちに測定できるようにした
ものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an inner surface hardness meter for measuring the hardness of the inner surface of a pipe or a hole, and is capable of immediately measuring the hardness of the inner surface of a pipe or the like by inserting it into a pipe or the like without removing the sample.
一般に硬さとは、圧子やハンマーで変形を与え
たときに材料があらわす抵抗の尺度であり、材料
の機械的強度を簡単に測定できる。その試験法と
してブリネル硬さ試験法、ビツカース硬さ試験
法、ロツクウエル硬さ試験法などがある。ブリネ
ルおよびビツカース硬さは、被測定物体を試料受
台に固定し、圧子によつて測定面に垂直に荷重を
負荷し、そのときに生じたくぼみの大きさによつ
て硬さを評価するものであり、ロツクウエル硬さ
は、初期荷重を負荷した後基準荷重として150、
100または60Kgのいずれかの荷重を負荷し、初期
荷重と試験荷重のくぼみの深さの差から硬さを評
価する。これらの測定のいづれもが、比較的小さ
な物体または測定したい物体から採取した試験片
を試料台に設置して行い、従つて小さい物品であ
れば測定可能であるが、大きなもので試験片の採
取できない場合硬さ測定は不可能であつた。例え
ば、タービンや発電機などの回転子中心孔内面は
製造時では中心孔をくり抜いたコア材から試験片
を採取して測定することができるが、高温、高応
力操業後における材料劣化状態を知るには回転子
表層部の一部より取り出した試料によつて測定し
て推測するに止まつた。しかしロータ強度上中心
孔部が最も重要であり、その測定の方法および測
定器が望まれていた。 In general, hardness is a measure of the resistance that a material exhibits when deformed by an indenter or hammer, and can easily measure the mechanical strength of a material. Test methods include the Brinell hardness test, the Vickers hardness test, and the Rockwell hardness test. Brinell and Bitkers hardness are methods in which the object to be measured is fixed to a sample holder, a load is applied perpendicularly to the measurement surface using an indenter, and the hardness is evaluated based on the size of the depression created at that time. The Rockwell hardness is 150 as the standard load after applying the initial load.
A load of either 100 or 60 kg is applied, and the hardness is evaluated from the difference in the depth of the depression between the initial load and the test load. All of these measurements are performed by placing a relatively small object or a test piece taken from the object to be measured on a sample stand. Therefore, it is possible to measure small objects, but it is difficult to take a test piece from a large object. Otherwise, hardness measurement was impossible. For example, the inner surface of the center hole of a rotor such as a turbine or generator can be measured by taking a test piece from a core material with the center hole hollowed out during manufacturing, but it is possible to measure the state of material deterioration after high-temperature, high-stress operation. The only way to estimate this was by measuring a sample taken from a part of the rotor's surface layer. However, the center hole is the most important part in terms of rotor strength, and a method and device for measuring it has been desired.
本発明は、以上のような事情から中心孔などの
内面の硬さを試験片を採取することなく測定する
内面硬度計を提供することを目的とする。 In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide an inner surface hardness meter that measures the hardness of the inner surface of a central hole or the like without taking a test piece.
以下図に就いて詳しく説明する。 The figure will be explained in detail below.
第１図において符号１は硬さが測定される測定
孔１ａを有する被測定物であり、測定例として例
えばタービン回転子中心孔部を示す。硬度計本体
２は測定孔１ａの内径より少し小さい外径の円筒
形で測定孔１ａ内に自由に挿入できるように設け
る。本体２には直径方向の一方向に向いてシリン
ダ孔３３が設けられ、このシリンダ孔３に固定子
４，４が挿入され、油圧によつて固定子４，４を
外方に突出する。油圧は、外部に設けた重錘式加
圧シリンダより配管５を介して導入する。この加
圧シリンダ孔３，３の反対側本体２にはシリンダ
孔１６が開口し、先端に1/16インチの鋼球を持つ
圧子６が挿入されて、配管５ａから送られる油圧
によつて突出する。油圧は外部に設けた手動加圧
式シリンダから油圧指示計によつて所定の圧力に
調整して導入する。 In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes an object to be measured having a measurement hole 1a whose hardness is measured, and a central hole of a turbine rotor is shown as an example of measurement. The hardness tester main body 2 has a cylindrical shape with an outer diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the measurement hole 1a, and is provided so as to be freely inserted into the measurement hole 1a. The main body 2 is provided with a cylinder hole 33 facing in one diametrical direction, and the stators 4, 4 are inserted into the cylinder hole 3, and the stators 4, 4 are projected outward by hydraulic pressure. Hydraulic pressure is introduced via piping 5 from a weight-type pressurizing cylinder provided externally. A cylinder hole 16 is opened in the main body 2 on the opposite side of the pressurizing cylinder holes 3, 3, and an indenter 6 having a 1/16 inch steel ball at the tip is inserted and is pushed out by the hydraulic pressure sent from the piping 5a. do. Hydraulic pressure is introduced from an external manually pressurized cylinder and adjusted to a predetermined pressure using a hydraulic pressure indicator.
圧子６には戻しばね７が係合し、その一端に固
定した作動棒８に近接して差動トランス９を設置
する。差動トランスの電位変化はリード線１０に
よつて外部の測定器に伝送する。すなわち、圧子
６が中心孔内面に押圧されたときの変位量を作動
棒および差動トランス９を介してこの差動トラン
スに電気的に接続された測定器で計測する。 A return spring 7 is engaged with the indenter 6, and a differential transformer 9 is installed adjacent to an actuating rod 8 fixed to one end thereof. Potential changes in the differential transformer are transmitted to an external measuring device through lead wires 10. That is, the amount of displacement when the indenter 6 is pressed against the inner surface of the center hole is measured by a measuring device electrically connected to the differential transformer via the actuating rod and the differential transformer 9.
硬度計本体２には挿入棒１１が連設される。挿
入棒１１は継手部１３によつて長さ１ｍの挿入棒
を適宜継ぎ足してどのような長さの測定孔１ａに
も適応できるようになつている。挿入棒１１の外
端は、第４図に示すように、支持器１２，１２で
固定する。また挿入棒１１には尺度が目盛られて
おり、挿入棒１１の継ぎ足し本数と尺度値より本
体挿入深さが容易に計算できる。さらに支持器１
２，１２部に角度指示器１４があり、圧子６の測
定孔１ａ軸心を中心とした傾き角を読み取ること
ができる。なお、符号１５は挿入棒１１の継手で
ある。 An insertion rod 11 is connected to the hardness meter main body 2 . The insertion rod 11 can be adapted to a measuring hole 1a of any length by appropriately adding insertion rods of 1 m in length through a joint portion 13. The outer end of the insertion rod 11 is fixed with supports 12, 12, as shown in FIG. Further, the insertion rod 11 is graduated with a scale, and the insertion depth of the main body can be easily calculated from the number of additional insertion rods 11 and the scale value. Furthermore, supporter 1
An angle indicator 14 is provided at the 2nd and 12th portions, and the inclination angle about the axis of the measurement hole 1a of the indenter 6 can be read. In addition, the code|symbol 15 is a joint of the insertion rod 11.
次に操作方法について述べる。 Next, the operating method will be described.
先ず、測定孔１ａと同形状の差動トランスキヤ
リブレーシヨン用基準硬度パイプによつて下記本
操作と同様の操作を３〜５回行つて電位変化量を
読み、所定電位になるように測定器を調整してお
く。 First, with a standard hardness pipe for differential transcalibration having the same shape as the measurement hole 1a, perform the same operation as described below 3 to 5 times to read the amount of potential change, and set the measuring device to the specified potential. Adjust it.
調整が終つたなら、硬度計本体２を挿入棒１１
によつて測定孔１内に挿入し、所定深さ、所定の
傾斜角に位置せしめ、重錘式加圧シリンダより
150Kgの油圧をシリンダ孔３，３に導入して固定
子４，４を圧出する。本体２は固定子４，４と反
対側が測定孔１ａ内壁に圧接されて固定される。 Once the adjustment is complete, insert the hardness meter body 2 into the insertion rod 11.
Insert it into the measurement hole 1 using the cylinder, position it at a specified depth and angle of inclination, and then
A hydraulic pressure of 150 kg is introduced into the cylinder holes 3, 3 to press out the stators 4, 4. The main body 2 is fixed by being pressed against the inner wall of the measurement hole 1a on the side opposite to the stators 4, 4.
次に手動加圧式シリンダを操作してシリンダ孔
５に初期荷重10Kgの油圧を導入し、この時の圧子
６の動きで差動トランス９によつて検出される電
位量を０と設定する。次いで基準荷重100Kgを圧
子６に負荷し、圧子６が測定孔１ａ内面内面にく
い込んだ変位量ｈを差動トランス９の電位変化量
から測定する。これで次式に基づいてロツクウエ
ルＢ硬さ（HRB）を求める。 Next, the manual pressure cylinder is operated to introduce hydraulic pressure with an initial load of 10 kg into the cylinder hole 5, and the amount of electric potential detected by the differential transformer 9 is set to zero by the movement of the indenter 6 at this time. Next, a reference load of 100 kg is applied to the indenter 6, and the amount of displacement h that the indenter 6 has sunk into the inner surface of the measurement hole 1a is measured from the amount of change in potential of the differential transformer 9. Now, Rockwell B hardness (H RB ) is determined based on the following formula.
HRB＝130−500h
差動トランス９の電位変化量は、測定器に1/50
０mmを単位としてデジタル表示する。電位変化量
と変位量とは比例関係にあるため、基準硬度パイ
プを用い事前にキヤリブレーシヨンすることによ
つて正確な変位量、即ち硬度を測定することがで
きる。 H RB = 130-500h The amount of potential change of the differential transformer 9 is 1/50 on the measuring instrument.
Digitally displayed in units of 0mm. Since the amount of potential change and the amount of displacement are in a proportional relationship, by performing calibration in advance using a reference hardness pipe, it is possible to accurately measure the amount of displacement, that is, the hardness.
測定精度を大きく左右するものとしては、測定
面の表面状態、硬度計本体の固定状態が考えられ
る。測定面の表面状態は回転子中心孔内面に限つ
ては精密仕上げ（記号〓〓〓）がなされているの
で測定上問題がなく、本体の固定は、本体が中心
孔より少小さい円筒状として両者の密着性をよく
したと共に、固定子圧出荷重を150Kgとして圧子
負荷荷重110Kgより40Kg多くしたことにより問題
なくできた。 The surface condition of the measurement surface and the fixing condition of the hardness meter body are considered to have a large effect on measurement accuracy. The surface condition of the measurement surface is limited to the inner surface of the center hole of the rotor, which has a precision finish (symbol 〓〓〓), so there is no problem in measurement. In addition to improving the adhesion, the stator extrusion load was set at 150Kg, which was 40Kg more than the indenter load of 110Kg, and this was achieved without any problems.
本発明の内面硬度計は以上の通り、硬度計本体
を被測定物体孔内に挿入できる大きさにし、油圧
シリンダ装置によつて孔内に固定し、圧子も油圧
シリンダによつて切期、基定荷重で孔内面に押圧
できるようにし、かつ圧子の変位量を差動トラン
スによつて電気量に変換して外部で読み取ること
ができるようにしたもので、試験片を採取するこ
となく各種孔、パイプ内面の硬さの測定を可能に
した。また、上記固定子は、円筒形の硬度計本体
の長手方向の両端部から油圧によつて硬度計本体
の半径方向へ突出するよう構成されているので、
硬度計本体は測定孔中に確実に固定され、よつて
油圧式圧子による測定精度を向上させることがで
きる。特にタービンや発電機の回転子は、内部材
料検査を目的として中心孔があけられているた
め、この中心孔内の硬さを直接的に測定できるこ
とにより、製造時の材料検査はもとより操業中に
おける材料劣化の監視に供することができ、安全
性の確保に大いに役立てることができる特徴ある
ものである。 As described above, in the inner surface hardness meter of the present invention, the hardness meter main body is sized so that it can be inserted into the hole of the object to be measured, and is fixed in the hole by a hydraulic cylinder device, and the indenter is also controlled by the hydraulic cylinder to adjust the cutting time and base. It is designed to be able to press against the inner surface of a hole with a constant load, and the amount of displacement of the indenter can be converted into an electrical quantity using a differential transformer and read externally. , which made it possible to measure the hardness of the inner surface of pipes. Furthermore, the stator is configured to protrude from both longitudinal ends of the cylindrical hardness meter body in the radial direction of the hardness meter body by hydraulic pressure.
The hardness tester body is securely fixed in the measurement hole, thereby improving the measurement accuracy using the hydraulic indenter. In particular, the rotors of turbines and generators have a center hole drilled for the purpose of internal material inspection, so being able to directly measure the hardness inside this center hole allows for material inspection during manufacturing as well as during operation. It is a unique feature that can be used to monitor material deterioration and can be of great help in ensuring safety.
第１図は本発明内面硬度計の構成を示す縦断側
面図、第２図は同縦断正面図、第３図は同被測定
孔入口部の構成を示す側面図、第４図は同正面図
である。
１ａ……測定孔、２……硬度計本体、４……固
定子、５……配管、６……圧子、７……圧子戻し
ばね、８……作動棒、９……差動トランス、１０
……リード線、１１……挿入棒、１２……支持
器、１３……継手、１４……角度指示器。
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional side view showing the structure of the inner surface hardness meter of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional front view of the same, Fig. 3 is a side view showing the structure of the entrance part of the hole to be measured, and Fig. 4 is a front view of the same. It is. 1a...Measurement hole, 2...Hardness tester body, 4...Stator, 5...Piping, 6...Indenter, 7...Indenter return spring, 8...Operating rod, 9...Differential transformer, 10
... Lead wire, 11 ... Insertion rod, 12 ... Supporter, 13 ... Joint, 14 ... Angle indicator.
Claims (1)
筒形の硬度計本体と、この硬度計本体を前記測定
孔中に固定させるために前記硬度計本体の長手方
向の両端部から油圧によつて前記硬度計本体の半
径方向へ突出する固定子と、この固定子と反対の
方向にしかも前記硬度計本体のほぼ中央部から突
出して被測定物の測定孔の内面に押圧される油圧
式圧子と、この油圧式圧子の変位量を測定する変
位検出器とを備えたことを特徴とする内面硬度
計。1. A cylindrical hardness meter body inserted in the longitudinal direction of the measurement hole of the object to be measured, and a hydraulic pressure gauge inserted from both ends of the hardness meter body in the longitudinal direction to fix the hardness meter body in the measurement hole. a stator that protrudes in the radial direction of the hardness meter body; and a hydraulic indenter that protrudes in the opposite direction from the stator and from approximately the center of the hardness meter body and is pressed against the inner surface of the measurement hole of the object to be measured. and a displacement detector for measuring the amount of displacement of the hydraulic indenter.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5682181A JPS57171243A (en) | 1981-04-15 | 1981-04-15 | Internal hardness gauge |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5682181A JPS57171243A (en) | 1981-04-15 | 1981-04-15 | Internal hardness gauge |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS57171243A JPS57171243A (en) | 1982-10-21 |
| JPS6344186B2 true JPS6344186B2 (en) | 1988-09-02 |
Family
ID=13038030
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5682181A Granted JPS57171243A (en) | 1981-04-15 | 1981-04-15 | Internal hardness gauge |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS57171243A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0217697U (en) * | 1988-07-20 | 1990-02-05 |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63134934A (en) * | 1986-11-27 | 1988-06-07 | Kansai Electric Power Co Inc:The | Method and device for diagnosing deterioration |
| US6067846A (en) * | 1997-10-27 | 2000-05-30 | Hill; Jack O. | Apparatus and method for testing the hardness of a pipe |
| KR101206745B1 (en) | 2010-11-29 | 2012-11-30 | 국방과학연구소 | Apparatus and method of measuring underwater static pressure |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5264987A (en) * | 1975-11-25 | 1977-05-28 | Nippon Steel Corp | Apparatus for and method of detecting unevenness heat treatment in hea t treated steel pipe |
-
1981
- 1981-04-15 JP JP5682181A patent/JPS57171243A/en active Granted
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5264987A (en) * | 1975-11-25 | 1977-05-28 | Nippon Steel Corp | Apparatus for and method of detecting unevenness heat treatment in hea t treated steel pipe |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0217697U (en) * | 1988-07-20 | 1990-02-05 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS57171243A (en) | 1982-10-21 |
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