JPS6335021B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6335021B2 JPS6335021B2 JP14535878A JP14535878A JPS6335021B2 JP S6335021 B2 JPS6335021 B2 JP S6335021B2 JP 14535878 A JP14535878 A JP 14535878A JP 14535878 A JP14535878 A JP 14535878A JP S6335021 B2 JPS6335021 B2 JP S6335021B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- charge transfer
- photoreceptor
- charge
- halogen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 23
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920003227 poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010034972 Photosensitivity reaction Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010047571 Visual impairment Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004663 dialkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000664 diazo group Chemical group [N-]=[N+]=[*] 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000036211 photosensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- KZNJSFHJUQDYHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylanthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C)=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 KZNJSFHJUQDYHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJYCALFJFALYAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[[2-chloro-4-[3-chloro-4-[[2-hydroxy-3-(phenylcarbamoyl)naphthalen-1-yl]diazenyl]phenyl]phenyl]diazenyl]-3-hydroxy-N-phenylnaphthalene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound OC1=C(N=NC2=CC=C(C=C2Cl)C2=CC(Cl)=C(C=C2)N=NC2=C(O)C(=CC3=C2C=CC=C3)C(=O)NC2=CC=CC=C2)C2=C(C=CC=C2)C=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 XJYCALFJFALYAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005041 Mylar™ Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018110 Se—Te Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 SnO 2 and In 2 O 3 Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+);selenium(2-) Chemical compound [Se-2].[Cd+2] UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003219 pyrazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
Description
本発明は電子写真用感光体に関し、詳しくは電
荷移動層の結着剤として特定の含ハロゲン樹脂を
用いた積層型電子写真用感光体に関する。
電荷発生層、電荷移動層を導電性基体上に順次
積層した電子写真用感光体は公知である。そし
て、この感光体で複写画像を得るには、感光体表
面の全体にコロナ放電を施した後、露光(画像露
光)、現像して可視像を得、これを受像紙(普通
紙)等へ転写してから除電、クリーニングし再び
これらの工程を繰返して複数枚の複写物を得るよ
うにしている。
もつとも、導電性基体上にセレン層のごとき無
機光導電層、あるいはポリ−N−ビニルカルバゾ
ールのごとき有機光導電層を設けたいわゆる単層
の感光体も以前より使用されているが、現在では
良好な帯電性、感光性が要求されることから電荷
発生と移動、帯電の両機能を分離した前記の積層
感光体が普通紙複写装置に広く使用されるように
なつている。
ところが、こうした積層感光体の使用において
も殊に連続複写では残留電位(除電後の電位)が
増加するという好ましくない現象が発生する傾向
がある。残留電位が増加すると、地肌汚れのため
鮮明な画像が得られないのを始めとして、画像濃
度の低下、さらにはネガ残像、ポジ残像なども生
じるようになる。
本発明の目的は、連続複写操作にあつても常に
良好な帯電性、感光性が維持される積層型の電子
写真用感光体を提供することにある。
すなわち本発明の感光体は、導電性基体上に少
なくとも電荷発生層と電荷移動層とが積層された
ものであつて、その電荷移動層の結着剤としてハ
ロゲン含有樹脂が使用されていることを特徴とす
るものである。
導電性基体としてはAl,Cu,Cr,Ni,Au,
Agなどの金属板、SnO2,In2O3などの金属酸化
物の板を始めとして、これら金属あるいは金属酸
化物を蒸着乃至はスパツタリングしたプルスチツ
クシート、紙又は布などが使用される。また、導
電処理を施した紙も適用可能である。
電荷発生層としてはSe,Se−Te,Se−As,
Se−Te−As,CdS,CdSe、フタロシアニン、ク
ロロダイアンブルーなどが、また電荷移動層には
ポリビニルカルバゾール(PVK)、PVK−トリ
ニトロフルオレノン(TNF)、ピラゾリン誘導
体、メチルアントラセンなどが使用される。
ところで、従来の積層型感光体にあつては、電
荷移動層の結着剤としてポリカーボネート、ポリ
エステル、ウレタン、ナイロン、ポリメタクリル
酸メチルなどが使用されている。例えば電荷発生
層に下記一般式()
一般式()
〔但し、Aは
The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor, and more particularly to a laminated electrophotographic photoreceptor using a specific halogen-containing resin as a binder in a charge transfer layer. Electrophotographic photoreceptors in which a charge generation layer and a charge transfer layer are sequentially laminated on a conductive substrate are known. In order to obtain a copied image using this photoreceptor, corona discharge is applied to the entire surface of the photoreceptor, and then exposed (image exposure) and developed to obtain a visible image, which is then transferred to image receiving paper (plain paper), etc. After the transfer, static electricity is removed and cleaning is performed, and these steps are repeated again to obtain a plurality of copies. However, so-called single-layer photoreceptors, in which an inorganic photoconductive layer such as a selenium layer or an organic photoconductive layer such as poly-N-vinylcarbazole is provided on a conductive substrate, have been used for some time, but they are currently in good condition. Due to the requirement for excellent charging properties and photosensitivity, the above-mentioned laminated photoreceptor, which separates the functions of charge generation, transfer, and charging, has come to be widely used in plain paper copying devices. However, even when such a laminated photoreceptor is used, there is a tendency for an undesirable phenomenon in which the residual potential (potential after static elimination) increases, especially in continuous copying, to occur. When the residual potential increases, not only is it impossible to obtain a clear image due to background stains, but also a decrease in image density and negative afterimages and positive afterimages occur. An object of the present invention is to provide a laminated type electrophotographic photoreceptor that always maintains good chargeability and photosensitivity even during continuous copying operations. That is, the photoreceptor of the present invention has at least a charge generation layer and a charge transfer layer laminated on a conductive substrate, and a halogen-containing resin is used as a binder for the charge transfer layer. This is a characteristic feature. Conductive substrates include Al, Cu, Cr, Ni, Au,
Used include metal plates such as Ag, plates of metal oxides such as SnO 2 and In 2 O 3 , as well as pull-stick sheets, paper, cloth, etc. on which these metals or metal oxides are vapor-deposited or sputtered. Furthermore, paper that has been subjected to conductive treatment is also applicable. As the charge generation layer, Se, Se-Te, Se-As,
Se-Te-As, CdS, CdSe, phthalocyanine, chlorodiane blue, etc. are used, and for the charge transfer layer, polyvinylcarbazole (PVK), PVK-trinitrofluorenone (TNF), pyrazoline derivatives, methylanthracene, etc. are used. By the way, in conventional laminated type photoreceptors, polycarbonate, polyester, urethane, nylon, polymethyl methacrylate, etc. are used as a binder for the charge transfer layer. For example, the charge generation layer has the following general formula () General formula () [However, A is
【式】
(R1R2は水素、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、ハロ
ゲンまたはジアルキルアミノ基)、又は
[Formula] (R 1 R 2 is hydrogen, alkyl group, alkoxy group, halogen or dialkylamino group), or
【式】(R3は水素、アルキル基、アルコ
キシ基、ハロゲンまたはジアルキルアミノ基)で
ある。〕で示されるビスアゾ顔料(電荷発生物質)
を用い、電荷移動層に下記一般式()
一般式()
(但し、Ar1およびAr2は芳香環、R4およびR5
は炭素数1〜5のアルキル基である。)
で示される電荷移動物質と前記の結着剤(ポリカ
ーボネート、ポリエステルなど)とを用いた積層
感光体では、すでに記載したごとく残留電位の増
加が認められる。かかる残留電位の増加は他の電
荷発生物質、電荷移動物質を使用した場合でも同
様に認められる。
しかるに、本発明者等は、電荷移動層の結着剤
としてハロゲン含有樹脂を選択すると残留電位の
増加が抑制できることを発見し、さらに研究を重
ねた結果、塩化ビニリデン−アクリロニトリル共
重合体(例えば、旭ダウ製、サランF216)、塩化
ゴム(例えば、旭電化製CR−150)が残留電位を
著しく抑制することを発見し、本発明を完成した
ものである。
実際に本発明感光体をつくるには、従来の積層
感光体の製造法と異なるところはなく、ただ電荷
移動層の結着剤として上記のハロゲン含有樹脂が
使用されればよい。勿論、必要によりバリヤー
層、中間層が設けられてもよい。
電荷移動層の結着剤樹脂が変つた場合、感光体
の特性が変化するであろうことは充分予想され
る。本発明にあつては積層感光体における帯電、
露光・除電の繰返しにあつて残留電位の変化、お
よびその残留電位の除電の面から樹脂の選択がな
されているが、何故ハロゲン含有樹脂の使用によ
り好ましい効果が得られるかについての詳細はま
だ不明である。しかし、恐らくはハロゲン含有樹
脂のハロゲンがアクセプターとして働いているた
めと考えられる。
実施例
の構造式をもつビスアゾ顔料2重量部と、ポリエ
ステル樹脂(バイロン200、東洋紡KK製)1重
量部とを、固形分濃度1.5重量%とるようにテト
ラヒドロフラン(THF)に投入し3時間ボール
ミリングした。この液をAl蒸着マイラーフイル
ムのAl面に塗布し、80℃で1分間乾燥して約0.2μ
m厚の電荷発生層を形成した。
次に、電荷移動物質
1重量部と下表に示された樹脂(結着剤)1重量
部とを、固形分濃度20重量%となるようにTHF
に溶解し、これを電荷発生層上に塗布し、105℃
で5分間乾燥して約16μm厚の電荷移動層を形成
し感光体をつくつた。
こうして製造された種々の感光体の繰返し特性
を調べた。これの測定方法は、感光体の回転
32rpm、コロナ帯電器の印加電圧−6.0KV、除電
露光量160lux−sec(照度1600luxタングステンラ
ンプ)の条件下で、帯電、除電の500回の繰返し
試験を行ない、その時の光除電後電位(残留電
位)を測定した。また、500回の繰返し終了後、
コロナ帯電をやめ除電露光のみを与え、残留位置
の除電のしやすさをも併せて調べた。これらの結
果をまとめて表−1に示した。[Formula] (R 3 is hydrogen, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen, or a dialkylamino group). ] Bisazo pigment (charge generating substance)
Using the following general formula () for the charge transfer layer, general formula () (However, Ar 1 and Ar 2 are aromatic rings, R 4 and R 5
is an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. ) In a laminated photoreceptor using a charge transfer substance shown in the following formula and the above-mentioned binder (polycarbonate, polyester, etc.), an increase in residual potential is observed as described above. Such an increase in residual potential is similarly observed even when other charge-generating substances and charge-transfer substances are used. However, the present inventors discovered that the increase in residual potential can be suppressed by selecting a halogen-containing resin as the binder for the charge transfer layer, and as a result of further research, vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer (e.g. The present invention was completed by discovering that Saran F216 (manufactured by Asahi Dow) and chlorinated rubber (for example, CR-150, manufactured by Asahi Denka) significantly suppressed the residual potential. In order to actually manufacture the photoreceptor of the present invention, there is no difference from the manufacturing method of conventional laminated photoreceptors, and the only thing that is required is to use the above-mentioned halogen-containing resin as a binder for the charge transfer layer. Of course, a barrier layer and an intermediate layer may be provided as necessary. It is fully expected that the properties of the photoreceptor will change if the binder resin of the charge transport layer is changed. In the present invention, charging in the laminated photoreceptor,
Resins are selected from the viewpoint of changes in residual potential during repeated exposure and static elimination, and the ability to eliminate static electricity from that residual potential, but the details of why the use of halogen-containing resins produces favorable effects are still unknown. It is. However, this is probably due to the halogen in the halogen-containing resin acting as an acceptor. Example 2 parts by weight of a bisazo pigment having the structural formula and 1 part by weight of a polyester resin (Vylon 200, manufactured by Toyobo KK) were added to tetrahydrofuran (THF) at a solid content of 1.5% by weight, and ball milled for 3 hours. Apply this solution to the Al surface of the Al-deposited mylar film, dry it at 80℃ for 1 minute, and dry it to approximately 0.2μ.
A charge generation layer having a thickness of m was formed. Next, the charge transfer material 1 part by weight and 1 part by weight of the resin (binder) shown in the table below were mixed in THF to give a solid content concentration of 20% by weight.
and apply it on the charge generation layer at 105℃.
The layer was dried for 5 minutes to form a charge transfer layer with a thickness of about 16 μm, and a photoreceptor was fabricated. The repeat characteristics of various photoreceptors thus manufactured were investigated. The method for measuring this is the rotation of the photoreceptor.
Charging and static elimination were repeated 500 times under the conditions of 32 rpm, corona charger applied voltage of -6.0 KV, and static neutralization exposure amount of 160 lux-sec (illuminance 1600 lux tungsten lamp). ) was measured. Also, after 500 repetitions,
We also investigated the ease with which static electricity could be removed from residual positions by discontinuing corona charging and applying only static elimination exposure. These results are summarized in Table-1.
【表】【table】
Claims (1)
移動層とが積層されており、その電荷移動層の結
着剤として塩化ビニリデン−アクリロニトリル共
重合体および塩化ゴムよりなる群から選らばれた
ハロゲン含有樹脂が使用されていることを特徴と
する電子写真用感光体。1 At least a charge generation layer and a charge transfer layer are laminated on a conductive substrate, and a halogen-containing resin selected from the group consisting of vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer and chlorinated rubber is used as a binder for the charge transfer layer. An electrophotographic photoreceptor characterized by using:
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP14535878A JPS5573056A (en) | 1978-11-27 | 1978-11-27 | Electrophotographic photoreceptor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP14535878A JPS5573056A (en) | 1978-11-27 | 1978-11-27 | Electrophotographic photoreceptor |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS5573056A JPS5573056A (en) | 1980-06-02 |
JPS6335021B2 true JPS6335021B2 (en) | 1988-07-13 |
Family
ID=15383338
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP14535878A Granted JPS5573056A (en) | 1978-11-27 | 1978-11-27 | Electrophotographic photoreceptor |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS5573056A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH02154220A (en) * | 1988-12-06 | 1990-06-13 | Kiyaharu Oputo Kk | Structure for mounting ornamental parts of spectacles |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0282884A (en) * | 1988-09-20 | 1990-03-23 | Fujitsu General Ltd | High picture quality television receiver |
-
1978
- 1978-11-27 JP JP14535878A patent/JPS5573056A/en active Granted
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH02154220A (en) * | 1988-12-06 | 1990-06-13 | Kiyaharu Oputo Kk | Structure for mounting ornamental parts of spectacles |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS5573056A (en) | 1980-06-02 |
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