JPS63294580A - Two-color image forming method - Google Patents
Two-color image forming methodInfo
- Publication number
- JPS63294580A JPS63294580A JP62130877A JP13087787A JPS63294580A JP S63294580 A JPS63294580 A JP S63294580A JP 62130877 A JP62130877 A JP 62130877A JP 13087787 A JP13087787 A JP 13087787A JP S63294580 A JPS63294580 A JP S63294580A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- toner
- bulk
- color
- image
- developer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Landscapes
- Color Electrophotography (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
産業上の利用分野
本発明は電子写真方式の複写機およびプリンタにおける
二色画像作像方法、さらに詳しくは二成分乾式現像剤を
用いる画像作像方式において、異種トナーの混入によっ
て生ずる混色カブリの発生を防止する方法を提供するも
のである。
従来の技術
従来より、二色現象方式として、最初に第１トナーを用
いて第１潜像を現像し、ついで第１トナーと同極性に帯
電した第２トナーにより第２潜像を現像する二色現像方
法が知られている。かがる現像方法は、第１図に示すご
とく、一つの感光体ドラムが矢印方向に一回転する間に
、帯電−第１露光−第１現像−第２露光−第２現象−転
写の各工程を行うものである。すなわち、該現像装置は
、感光体ドラム（１０）の周囲にメインチャージャ−（
１１）、第１露光装置（１２）、第１現像装置（１３）
、第２チヤージヤー（１４）、第２露光装置（１５）、
第２現像装置（１６）、転写チャージャー（１７）、ク
リーニングブレード（！８）、イレーザランプ（１９）
等が設けられている
かかる現像装置を用いて二色作像を行うには、第２図に
示す二色作像プロセスの概念図の工程（ａ）〜（ｇ）に
従い現像が行われる。
（ａ）感光体ドラム（１０）の表面をメインチャージャ
ー（１１）でＶ。に帯電する。電圧Ｖ。の常用範囲は、
例えば＋５００〜＋１００ＯＶである。
（ｂ）つぎにレーザビーム等を照射して露光を行い第１
潜像を形成する。
（ｃ）つぎに第１現像装置によりカラートーナーとキャ
リアーを含む２成分系磁性現像剤を用い、バイアス電圧
ＶＢを印加して反転現像する。
（ｄ）次いで、第２サブチヤージヤー（１４）を用い、
表面電位を均一にする。
（ｅ）さらに、レーザビーム等で第２露光を行なって第
２潜像を形成する。
（ｆ）黒色トナーとキャリアーを含む２成分系磁性現像
剤を用い、バイアス電圧ＶＢを印加して第２現像装置に
より反転現像を行う。
（ｇ）最後に得られた２色画像を転写チャージャー（＋
７）により紙等の記録保持体上に転写、定着する。
このような現像方法では、第１現像にて使用されたトナ
ーが第２現像に用いられる現像剤中に徐々に混入し、複
写枚数の増大に伴って色の濁りを生ずるという欠点があ
る。このような欠点は、磁気ブラシ現像では特に顕著で
ある。すなわち、かかる方法では、第１現像により先に
感光体表面に形成された第１トナー像が第２現像時、磁
気ブラシの穂によって掻取られ第１トナーの一部が第２
現像剤中に混入し、混色、および混色カブリが発生ずる
。
かかる混色は、第１トナーと、第２トナーが完全な互換
性（帯電系列上同じ位置にあり、相互作用により帯電極
性、帯電電荷量が変化しないこと）を有する場合に生じ
、混入した第１トナーと、第２トナーが同極性に帯電し
たままで区別されず、第二潜像に対して同等に現像され
るため、第２トナーによる画像中に第１トナーが混入し
混色を生ずる。
一方、混色カブリは、第１トナーと第２トナーの互換性
が全くない（帯電系列上の位置が離れており、相互作用
により帯電極性、帯？！電荷量が変化する）場合に生じ
る。すなわち、混入した第１トナーを核としてその表面
に第２トナーが静電吸着し、これが一体となって感光体
の非画像部へ付着する。該第１トナーは、第２トナーと
の摩擦帯電により、これとは逆の極性に帯電していて転
写されず、第２トナーのみ転写紙の背景に転写されてカ
ブリを生ずる。
このような第２現像の際に生じ得る混色、あるいは混色
カブリを防止するため第２露光前の感光体ドラムの表面
電位を高くして、第！トナーの感光体表面に対する静電
吸着力を高め、第２現像時、第１トナーが磁気ブラシの
穂により掻取られないようにする方法も提案されている
。
発明が解決しようとする問題点
しかしながら、かかる方法においても複写枚数の増加に
伴い次第に第１トナーが第２現像剤中に混入蓄積し、混
色、あるいは混色カブリを回避することは困難である。
本発明は、二色現像を行うに際し、現像装置に２種のト
ナーが混合しても転写時混色、混色カブリ、あるいは変
色不良を生じない二色現像方法を提供することを目的と
する。
問題点を解決するための手段
すなわち、本発明は電子写真感光体表面に形成された第
１の静電潜像を第１トナーにて現像し、さらに重ねて形
成された第２の静電潜像を第２トナーにて現像し、つい
で該感光体上のトナー画像を画像保持体上に転写する二
色画像作像方法において、第１トナーの嵩比重が第２ト
ナーの嵩比重よりも小さいことを特徴とする画像作像方
法を提供するものである。
本発明方法では第１トナーと第２トナーは帯電極性が同
極性であって帯電系列上の位置が若干界なるようにその
構成成分が調整されていて帯電特性上半互換性を有し、
第２トナーの方が嵩比重が大きい。すなわち、第１トナ
ーと第２トナーとの相互作用により第２トナーよりも帯
電性が若干逆特性側に変化するよう設定された第１トナ
ーの嵩比重を第２トナーの嵩比重より小さくする。これ
により第２現像剤中に混入した第１トナーはより嵩比重
の大きな第２トナーを排除してキャリアに接触すること
は困難となって、その帯７１１？Ｉｔ荷ｍは第２トナー
との相互作用のみに依存することになり、その帯電電荷
量（ｑ）は確実にｑ＝ｏ、あるいは若干逆特性側に移行
するものと考えられる。
これによって、第２トナーに混入した第１トナーの系外
への分離が可能となる。
すなわち、帯電電荷量がなくなった第１トナー（ｑ＃０
のもの）は粉煙となって第２現像装置外に飛散し、エア
ー吸引により除去することができる。一方、第２トナー
とは逆特性に帯電して感光体の非画像部に付着する第１
トナー（ｑ〈０、またはｑ〉０）はクリーナーにて回収
される。このように、第１トナーが第２現像剤中に混入
しても、第２トナーと共に静電潜像（画像部）に付着す
るような第１トナーはほとんど存在しないため、混色は
確実に防止できる。また、第１トナーと第２トナーは半
互換性を有しているので、混色カブリの発生も防止する
ことができる。
本発明方法では前記第１図に示すごとき従来の２色現像
に用いられる装置を用いて従来の２色現像と全く同様の
工程にもとづき優れた２色作像を行いうる。
本発明方法に用いられる第１トナーの嵩比重は第２トナ
ーの嵩比重より小さい。第１トナーの嵩比重は０．３５
〜０．４５ ｇ／ｃｏ＋’であるのが好ましく、第２ト
ナーの嵩比重は０．４０〜０．５０ｇ／ａｍ’であるの
が好ましい。第１トナーおよび第２トナーはこれらの内
から第１トナーの嵩比重く第２トナーの嵩比重となるよ
うに調整される。
さらに、本発明に用いられる第２現像剤において、単位
体積当たりのトナー表面積とキャリア表面積との比（ト
ナー／キャリア）は０．２６以上とすることにより好ま
しい結果が得られた。
このようにすることにより第１トナーが第２現像剤に混
入した場合にキャリアよりも第２トナーと接触する確率
が増大し、その荷電はより確実に第２トナーより若干逆
特性側に移行し、第２トナー中に混入した第１トナーの
系外への分離が可能となる。
第１トナーおよび第２トナーに用いられるバインダー樹
脂、着色剤、荷電制御剤などの成分は従来トナーの成分
として用いられているものがいずれも好適に用いうる。
すなわち、バインダー樹脂としては、ポリスチレン、ス
チレンアクリル共重合体、ポリエステル、エポキシ樹脂
、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレンなどのポリオレフィン
樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、マレイン酸樹脂、あるいはこれ
らの変性樹脂などの従来公知の樹脂が挙げられる。これ
らは、単独、または２種以上を混合してもよい。
なお、第１トナーおよび第２トナーのバインダー樹脂は
同極性のものの中から帯電極性の近いものを適宜選択す
るのが好ましい。
また、着色剤としては、カーボンブラック、フタロシア
ニン系、キサンチン系の有機顔料および染料などが用い
られる。
その他必要により荷電制御剤、流動化剤、あるいは離型
剤等、公知の添加剤を配合してもよい。
これら本発明方法に用いられる第１および第２トナーの
製造は、前記成分を混合し、常法により処理することに
より行われる。。
ｘ嵐敗
つぎに本発明を実施例によりさらに具体的に説明する。
なお、嵩比重の測定は空気比軟式比重計（ベックマン社
製）を用いた。
製造例Industrial Application Field The present invention relates to a two-color image forming method in electrophotographic copying machines and printers, more specifically, to an image forming method using a two-component dry developer, in which color mixing fog occurs due to the contamination of different toners. This provides a method to prevent this. 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a two-color phenomenon method has been used in which a first latent image is first developed using a first toner, and then a second latent image is developed using a second toner charged to the same polarity as the first toner. Color development methods are known. As shown in Fig. 1, the overcasting development method involves the following steps: charging, first exposure, first development, second exposure, second phenomenon, and transfer, while one photoreceptor drum rotates once in the direction of the arrow. It is something that performs a process. That is, the developing device includes a main charger (
11), first exposure device (12), first developing device (13)
, second charger (14), second exposure device (15),
Second developing device (16), transfer charger (17), cleaning blade (!8), eraser lamp (19)
In order to perform two-color image formation using such a developing device equipped with the following, development is performed according to steps (a) to (g) of the conceptual diagram of the two-color image formation process shown in FIG. (a) The surface of the photoreceptor drum (10) is heated by the main charger (11). is charged with electricity. Voltage V. The common range of
For example, it is +500 to +100OV. (b) Next, perform exposure by irradiating a laser beam etc.
Form a latent image. (c) Next, a first developing device performs reversal development by applying a bias voltage VB using a two-component magnetic developer containing a color toner and a carrier. (d) then using the second subcharger (14);
Make the surface potential uniform. (e) Further, a second exposure is performed using a laser beam or the like to form a second latent image. (f) Using a two-component magnetic developer containing black toner and carrier, a bias voltage VB is applied and reversal development is performed by the second developing device. (g) Transfer the final two-color image to the transfer charger (+
7), the image is transferred and fixed onto a recording medium such as paper. Such a developing method has the disadvantage that the toner used in the first development gradually mixes into the developer used in the second development, resulting in color turbidity as the number of copies increases. These drawbacks are particularly noticeable in magnetic brush development. That is, in this method, the first toner image previously formed on the surface of the photoreceptor by the first development is scraped off by the ears of the magnetic brush during the second development, and a portion of the first toner is transferred to the second development.
It gets mixed into the developer, causing color mixing and color mixing fog. Such color mixing occurs when the first toner and the second toner have complete compatibility (they are at the same position on the charging series, and the charging polarity and charge amount do not change due to interaction). Since the toner and the second toner remain charged to the same polarity and are not distinguished, and are developed equally to the second latent image, the first toner mixes into the image formed by the second toner, resulting in color mixture. On the other hand, mixed color fog occurs when the first toner and the second toner are not compatible at all (their positions on the charging series are far apart, and the interaction changes the charging polarity and band?! charge amount). That is, the second toner is electrostatically attracted to the surface of the mixed first toner as a nucleus, and the second toner is attached to the non-image area of the photoreceptor as a whole. The first toner is charged to the opposite polarity due to frictional charging with the second toner and is not transferred, and only the second toner is transferred to the background of the transfer paper, causing fog. In order to prevent color mixing or color mixing fog that may occur during the second development, the surface potential of the photoreceptor drum is raised before the second exposure. A method has also been proposed in which the electrostatic attraction force of the toner to the photoreceptor surface is increased to prevent the first toner from being scraped off by the ears of the magnetic brush during the second development. Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, even in this method, as the number of copies increases, the first toner gradually accumulates in the second developer, making it difficult to avoid color mixing or color mixing fog. An object of the present invention is to provide a two-color developing method that does not cause color mixing, color mixing fog, or defective color change during transfer even when two types of toner are mixed in a developing device. Means for solving the problem, that is, the present invention develops a first electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of an electrophotographic photoreceptor with a first toner, and then develops a second electrostatic latent image formed in an overlapping manner. In a two-color image forming method in which an image is developed with a second toner and then the toner image on the photoreceptor is transferred onto an image carrier, the bulk specific gravity of the first toner is smaller than the bulk specific gravity of the second toner. The present invention provides an image forming method characterized by the following. In the method of the present invention, the first toner and the second toner have the same charging polarity and their constituent components are adjusted so that their positions on the charging series are slightly different from each other, so that they have semi-compatibility in terms of charging characteristics;
The second toner has a larger bulk specific gravity. That is, the bulk specific gravity of the first toner is set to be smaller than the bulk specific gravity of the second toner, which is set so that the charging property changes slightly to the opposite characteristic side than that of the second toner due to the interaction between the first toner and the second toner. As a result, it becomes difficult for the first toner mixed into the second developer to contact the carrier while excluding the second toner having a larger bulk specific gravity, and the band 711? It is thought that the It charge m depends only on the interaction with the second toner, and the amount of charge (q) will definitely shift to q=o or to a slightly opposite characteristic side. This makes it possible to separate the first toner mixed into the second toner out of the system. In other words, the first toner (q#0
2) becomes powder smoke and scatters outside the second developing device, and can be removed by air suction. On the other hand, the first toner is charged with opposite characteristics to the second toner and adheres to the non-image area of the photoreceptor.
The toner (q<0 or q>0) is collected by a cleaner. In this way, even if the first toner mixes into the second developer, there is almost no first toner that will adhere to the electrostatic latent image (image area) together with the second toner, so color mixing is reliably prevented. can. Further, since the first toner and the second toner are semi-compatible, it is also possible to prevent color mixing from occurring. In the method of the present invention, an excellent two-color image can be formed using a conventional two-color development apparatus as shown in FIG. 1 and based on the same process as the conventional two-color development. The bulk specific gravity of the first toner used in the method of the present invention is smaller than the bulk specific gravity of the second toner. The bulk specific gravity of the first toner is 0.35
The second toner preferably has a bulk specific gravity of 0.40 to 0.50 g/am'. The first toner and the second toner are adjusted so that the first toner has a higher bulk density and the second toner has a higher bulk density. Further, in the second developer used in the present invention, favorable results were obtained by setting the ratio of toner surface area to carrier surface area per unit volume (toner/carrier) to 0.26 or more. By doing this, when the first toner mixes with the second developer, the probability that the first toner contacts the second toner increases more than the carrier, and its charge more reliably shifts to the slightly opposite characteristic side than the second toner. , it becomes possible to separate the first toner mixed into the second toner out of the system. As the binder resin, colorant, charge control agent, and other components used in the first toner and the second toner, any of those conventionally used as components of toners can be suitably used. That is, examples of the binder resin include conventionally known resins such as polystyrene, styrene-acrylic copolymers, polyesters, epoxy resins, polyolefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polyamide resins, maleic acid resins, and modified resins thereof. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. It is preferable that the binder resins of the first toner and the second toner be appropriately selected from those having the same polarity and having similar charge polarity. Further, as the coloring agent, carbon black, phthalocyanine-based organic pigments, xanthine-based organic pigments, dyes, etc. are used. Other known additives such as a charge control agent, a fluidizing agent, or a mold release agent may be added if necessary. The first and second toners used in the method of the present invention are manufactured by mixing the above-mentioned components and processing in a conventional manner. . Next, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples. Incidentally, bulk specific gravity was measured using an air specific hydrometer (manufactured by Beckman). Manufacturing example
（ａ）黒トナーｒ
（三菱化成工業（株）製）
オリエント化学工業（株）製）
上記成分をミキサーにて充分混合した後、二軸の押出機
で溶融混練した。冷却後、ジェットミルにより微粉砕し
、ついで回転風力式の分級機で分級して平均粒径１４．
０μｍ、嵩比重０ 、４７ ｇ／ｃｆｆｉ３の黒トナー
Ｉを得た。
（ｂ）黒トナー■
にグロシンベースＥＸＭ
オリエント化学工業製）
上記成分を黒トナー■と同様の方法にてトナー化した後
、５ｉＯｙ、Ｔｉｅ、等の酸化物を表面に付着するよう
添加して、平均粒径１３．５μ１１嵩比重０ 、３４
ｇ／ｃｍ’の黒トナー■を得た。
（ｃ）カラートナーＩ（レッド）
組 成 重量部成分Ａ
レーキラドＣ（大日本インキ製） ５成分Ｂ
シリカ Ｒ−９７６（日本アエロジル製）０，３チタン
Ｔ−８０５（日本アエロノル製）０．３上記成分Ａを
前記トナー（Ｉ）の場合と同様に処理し、ついでこの表
面に成分Ｂを添加して平均粒径１３．２μｍ、嵩比重０
、３８ ｇ／ｃｍ３のカラートナーを得た。
（ｄ）カラートナー■（ブルー）
レーキラドＣをＣｕ−フタロシアンに代えた以外は前記
カラートナー■と同様にして平均粒径１３．３μｘ、嵩
比重０ 、３６ ｇ／ａｍ３のカラートナー■を得た。
（ｅ）カラートナー■（グリーン）
レーキラドＣをＣｕ−フタロシアニングリーンに代えた
以外は前記カラートナーＩと同様にして平均粒径１３．
０μｌ、嵩比重０ 、３６ ｇ／ｃｍ３のカラートナー
■を得た。(a) Black Toner R (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Industries, Ltd.) Manufactured by Orient Chemical Industries, Ltd.) The above components were thoroughly mixed in a mixer, and then melt-kneaded in a twin-screw extruder. After cooling, it is finely pulverized using a jet mill, and then classified using a rotary wind classifier to obtain an average particle size of 14.
A black toner I having a diameter of 0 μm, a bulk specific gravity of 0, and 47 g/cffi3 was obtained. (b) Black toner ■ with Glossin base EXM (manufactured by Orient Kagaku Kogyo)) After forming the above ingredients into a toner in the same manner as black toner ■, add oxides such as 5iOy, Tie, etc. so that they adhere to the surface. , average particle size 13.5μ11 bulk specific gravity 0, 34
A black toner ■ of g/cm' was obtained. (c) Color toner I (red) Composition Weight part Component A Lake Rad C (manufactured by Dainippon Ink) 5 components B Silica R-976 (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil) 0.3 Titanium T-805 (manufactured by Nippon Aeronol) 0.3 The above component A was treated in the same manner as the above toner (I), and then component B was added to the surface of the toner to give an average particle size of 13.2 μm and a bulk specific gravity of 0.
, 38 g/cm3 of color toner was obtained. (d) Color toner ■ (Blue) Color toner ■ having an average particle size of 13.3 μx, a bulk specific gravity of 0, and 36 g/am3 was obtained in the same manner as the color toner ■ except that Lake Rad C was replaced with Cu-phthalocyanine. Ta. (e) Color Toner ■ (Green) Same as Color Toner I except that Lake Rad C was replaced with Cu-phthalocyanine green, with an average particle size of 13.
A color toner (■) with a bulk density of 0 μl, a bulk specific gravity of 0, and 36 g/cm 3 was obtained.
成 分 重量部スチレンア
クリルレジン ＋００（プライオライドＡＣＬ
グツドイヤー社製）
磁性粉（マビコブラックＢＬ−５００２００チタン工業
製）
カーボンブラックＭＡ＃１００ ４（三菱化
成工業製）
上記成分をボールミルにて充分混合し、三本ロールにて
溶融混練した。冷却後、粉砕し、分級して平均粒径３５
μ肩のバインダー型マイクロキャリアーを得た。
実施例１
黒トナーを用いた現像剤（黒トナー（Ｉ）６重量部、マ
イクロキャリア９４重量部）を前記２色画像作像装置の
第２現像装置（１６）に加え、一方、カラートナー（１
）を用いた現像剤（カラートナー（Ｉ）６重量部、マイ
クロキャリア９４重量部）を第１現像装置（Ｉ３）に加
え、２色の画像形成を５０００ページ行った。得られた
画像に混色は見られなかった。
実施例２および３
カラートナー（１）の代わりにカラートナー（ＩＩ）お
よび（ＩＩ［）を用い、実施例１と同様に画像の形成を
行った。得られた画像には実施例１と同様混色は見られ
なかった。
比較例１〜３
黒トナーとして黒トナー（ＩＩ）を用い、カラートナー
として前記カラートナー（１）〜（ＩＩＩ）を用いて実
施例１と同様に画像の形成を行った。得られた画像には
明らかに混色が認められた。
発明の効果
本発明方法によれば長期の画像出し後も混色は発生せず
、良好な画像が安定して得られた。Ingredients Parts by weight Styrene acrylic resin +00 (Prioride ACL manufactured by Goodyear) Magnetic powder (Mabico Black BL-500200 manufactured by Titanium Industries) Carbon black MA#100 4 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Industries) The above components were thoroughly mixed in a ball mill, and The mixture was melt-kneaded using this roll. After cooling, it is crushed and classified to an average particle size of 35.
A binder-type microcarrier with μ shoulders was obtained. Example 1 A developer using black toner (6 parts by weight of black toner (I), 94 parts by weight of microcarrier) was added to the second developing device (16) of the two-color image forming device, while a developer using color toner ( 1
) (6 parts by weight of color toner (I), 94 parts by weight of microcarrier) was added to the first developing device (I3), and two-color image formation was performed for 5,000 pages. No color mixture was observed in the resulting image. Examples 2 and 3 Images were formed in the same manner as in Example 1, using color toners (II) and (II[) instead of color toner (1). Similar to Example 1, no color mixture was observed in the obtained image. Comparative Examples 1 to 3 Images were formed in the same manner as in Example 1 using black toner (II) as the black toner and color toners (1) to (III) as the color toners. Color mixture was clearly observed in the obtained image. Effects of the Invention According to the method of the present invention, color mixing did not occur even after long-term image formation, and good images were stably obtained.
第１図は二色現像方法を示す概略図、第２図は二色作像
プロセスを示す概念図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a two-color developing method, and FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing a two-color image forming process.
Claims (1)
を第１トナーにて現像し、さらに重ねて形成された第２
の静電潜像を第２トナーにて現像し、ついで該感光体上
のトナー画像を画像保持体上に転写する二色画像作像方
法において、第１トナーの嵩比重が第２トナーの嵩比重
よりも小さいことを特徴とする画像作像方法。(1) A first electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of an electrophotographic photoreceptor is developed with a first toner, and a second
In a two-color image forming method in which an electrostatic latent image is developed with a second toner, and then the toner image on the photoreceptor is transferred onto an image carrier, the bulk specific gravity of the first toner is equal to the bulk density of the second toner. An image forming method characterized in that the image is smaller than the specific gravity.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62130877A JPS63294580A (en) | 1987-05-27 | 1987-05-27 | Two-color image forming method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62130877A JPS63294580A (en) | 1987-05-27 | 1987-05-27 | Two-color image forming method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS63294580A true JPS63294580A (en) | 1988-12-01 |
Family
ID=15044781
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62130877A Pending JPS63294580A (en) | 1987-05-27 | 1987-05-27 | Two-color image forming method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS63294580A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5890038A (en) * | 1995-02-08 | 1999-03-30 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image forming apparatus in which carrying force for a mixing toner by a toner carrying member is made small |
-
1987
- 1987-05-27 JP JP62130877A patent/JPS63294580A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5890038A (en) * | 1995-02-08 | 1999-03-30 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image forming apparatus in which carrying force for a mixing toner by a toner carrying member is made small |
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