JPS63271233A - Liquid crystal optical element - Google Patents
Liquid crystal optical elementInfo
- Publication number
- JPS63271233A JPS63271233A JP32270187A JP32270187A JPS63271233A JP S63271233 A JPS63271233 A JP S63271233A JP 32270187 A JP32270187 A JP 32270187A JP 32270187 A JP32270187 A JP 32270187A JP S63271233 A JPS63271233 A JP S63271233A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- optical element
- crystal optical
- refractive index
- element according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 30
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000004988 Nematic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- -1 vinyl compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 22
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000000016 photochemical curing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920006267 polyester film Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005340 laminated glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003647 acryloyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MSAHTMIQULFMRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diphenyl-2-propan-2-yloxyethanone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OC(C)C)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MSAHTMIQULFMRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- UTSYWKJYFPPRAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(butoxymethyl)prop-2-enamide Chemical compound CCCCOCNC(=O)C=C UTSYWKJYFPPRAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- BKZFVHIMLVBUGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-prop-2-enoyloxyphenyl) prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1OC(=O)C=C BKZFVHIMLVBUGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical group C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNPMDUDIDCXVCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-(3-piperazin-1-ylpropyl)pyrazol-1-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical group O=C(CN1C=C(C(CCCN2CCNCC2)=N1)C1=CN=C(NC2CC3=C(C2)C=CC=C3)N=C1)N1CCC2=C(C1)N=NN2 VNPMDUDIDCXVCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYELSNVLZVIGTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-5-ethylpyrazol-1-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical group C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C=1C=NN(C=1CC)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 FYELSNVLZVIGTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZFUQSJFWNHZHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical group C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 WZFUQSJFWNHZHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLGDWWCZQDIASO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-1-(7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hepta-1,3,5-trien-2-yl)-2-phenylethanone Chemical compound OC(C(=O)c1cccc2Oc12)c1ccccc1 NLGDWWCZQDIASO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- CONKBQPVFMXDOV-QHCPKHFHSA-N 6-[(5S)-5-[[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]methyl]-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]-3H-1,3-benzoxazol-2-one Chemical group C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)C[C@H]1CN(C(O1)=O)C1=CC2=C(NC(O2)=O)C=C1 CONKBQPVFMXDOV-QHCPKHFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004986 Cholesteric liquid crystals (ChLC) Substances 0.000 description 1
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003098 cholesteric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940114081 cinnamate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004956 cyclohexylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004386 diacrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- UHESRSKEBRADOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl carbamate;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.CCOC(N)=O UHESRSKEBRADOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- WJRBRSLFGCUECM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydantoin Chemical group O=C1CNC(=O)N1 WJRBRSLFGCUECM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012690 ionic polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical group OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011907 photodimerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- KCTAWXVAICEBSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoyloxy prop-2-eneperoxoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OOOC(=O)C=C KCTAWXVAICEBSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioxanthen-9-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005341 toughened glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M trans-cinnamate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940042596 viscoat Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011345 viscous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal Substances (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
[産業上の利用分野]
本発明は、透過数乱形液晶光学素子の素子構成に関する
ものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to an element configuration of a transmission random type liquid crystal optical element.
[軽従来の技術]
従来、光散乱を動作原理とする液晶光学素子゛ には動
的散乱(DS)及び相転移(PC)の2つのモードが知
られている。DSモードは水平もしくは垂直配向処理を
行なった透明電極付基板に、導電性物質を添、加した誘
電異方性が負の液晶を封入したものであり、電圧を印加
しない透過状態と、しきい値電圧より高い電圧印加によ
り動的散乱を生じさせ、透過率を低下させた状態との二
状態を制御するものである。またPC干−ドは、必要に
応じて配向処理した透明電極付基板にコレステリック液
晶封入し、電圧印加の有無によりホメオトロピック配列
のネマチック相(透過)とフォーカルコニック配列もし
くはブレーナ配列のコレステリック相(散乱)の二状態
を制御するものである。DSモード、PCモードのいず
れも偏光板を使用しないため、広い視角が得られる利点
はあるものの、前者は液晶中に導電性物質を添加した電
流効果型であるため、消費電力が大きくなる、液晶の信
頼性が底下するといった欠点を有している。[Light Prior Art] Conventionally, two modes, dynamic scattering (DS) and phase transition (PC), are known for liquid crystal optical elements whose operation principle is light scattering. DS mode is a transparent electrode-equipped substrate that has been subjected to horizontal or vertical alignment treatment, and is filled with a liquid crystal with negative dielectric anisotropy added with a conductive substance. It controls two states: a state in which dynamic scattering is caused by applying a voltage higher than the value voltage, and a state in which transmittance is reduced. In addition, the PC dryer has a cholesteric liquid crystal sealed in a transparent electrode-attached substrate that has been oriented as necessary, and depending on whether or not a voltage is applied, a nematic phase with a homeotropic alignment (transmission) and a cholesteric phase with a focal conic alignment or Brehner alignment (scattering). ). Both DS mode and PC mode do not use polarizing plates, so they have the advantage of providing a wide viewing angle, but the former is a current effect type in which a conductive substance is added to the liquid crystal, so it consumes a lot of power. It has the disadvantage that its reliability is at its lowest point.
一方、後者においても動作電圧が、(電極間距離/液晶
のピッチ)に依存するため、大面積化しようとする場合
、高い精度で均一なギャップを必要とするといった困難
な問題を有している。一方I1. G、 Cra ig
headらが^pp1. Phys、 Lett、 。On the other hand, even in the latter case, the operating voltage depends on (interelectrode distance/liquid crystal pitch), so when trying to increase the area, there is a difficult problem that requires a highly accurate and uniform gap. . On the other hand, I1. G, Craig
head et al. ^pp1. Phys, Lett.
40(1122(19821に開示した方法は、液晶が
屈折率異方性を有する特徴をいかしたものであり、具体
的には液晶を多孔体に含浸させ、電界印加の有無により
液晶の屈折率を変化させ、多孔体のの屈折率を調整する
ことにより、透過と散乱とを制御するものである。この
方法は偏光板を用いることなく原理的DSモード、PC
モードがもつ欠点を克服することが可能であり有用な方
法である。同様の素子はJ、 L、 Fergagon
らがポリビニルアルコールを使ってマイクロカプセル化
したネマチック液晶により(公表昭58−501631
号)、またに、N、 Pearlmanらは種々のラテ
ックス取り込み液晶により(特開昭60−252687
号)、またJ、 11. Doaneらは、エポキシ樹
脂中に液晶を分散硬化させる方法(公表昭61−502
128号)で作成している。The method disclosed in 40 (1122 (19821) takes advantage of the characteristic that liquid crystal has refractive index anisotropy. Specifically, a porous body is impregnated with liquid crystal, and the refractive index of the liquid crystal is changed depending on whether or not an electric field is applied. Transmission and scattering are controlled by changing the refractive index of the porous material.This method uses the principle DS mode and PC mode without using a polarizing plate.
This is a possible and useful method to overcome the drawbacks of modes. A similar element is J. L. Fergagon.
Using nematic liquid crystal microencapsulated using polyvinyl alcohol (Published in 1986-501631)
Also, N. Pearlman et al. used various latex-incorporated liquid crystals (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 60-252687
No.), also J, 11. Doane et al. described a method of dispersing and curing liquid crystals in epoxy resin (published in 1986-502).
No. 128).
[発明の解決しようとする問題点]
I1. G、 Craigheadらの方法は多孔体へ
の含浸といった手段をとっているため、使用する多孔体
の孔や溝のサイズにばらつきがある、液晶の含浸が難し
い、多孔体と液晶の量比に自由度がないといった問題点
から、透過率変化が十分とれない、素子作成が困難であ
るといった欠点な有していた。またJ、 L、 Fer
gagonら、K、 N、 Pearlmanらによる
素子は、素子作成の際、水溶性ポリマーを使ったり、水
に乳化分散したポリマーを使用するため、耐水性に劣り
、その結果、白濁化・膨潤し、物理的性質の低下をきた
すといった欠点を有していた。また、 JJ、Doan
eらの方法にエポキシ樹脂を紫外線で硬化する方法が開
示されているが、エポキシ樹脂はイオン重合はするがラ
ジカル重合はしないため、ルイス酸やプロトン酸の塩を
紫外線で分解させ生じた酸で重合を行なうものである。[Problems to be solved by the invention] I1. Since the method of G. Craighead et al. uses a method of impregnating a porous material, there are variations in the size of the pores and grooves of the porous material used, it is difficult to impregnate liquid crystal, and there is no flexibility in the amount ratio of porous material and liquid crystal. Due to the problem of lack of transparency, it had disadvantages such as not being able to sufficiently change the transmittance and making it difficult to fabricate elements. Also J, L, Fer
The devices by Gagon et al., K.N., Pearlman et al. use water-soluble polymers or polymers emulsified and dispersed in water when creating the devices, so they have poor water resistance, resulting in clouding and swelling. It had the disadvantage of causing a decline in physical properties. Also, J.J., Doan
A method of curing epoxy resin with ultraviolet rays is disclosed in the method of et al., but since epoxy resin undergoes ionic polymerization but not radical polymerization, it is difficult to cure epoxy resin with the acid produced by decomposing a Lewis acid or protonic acid salt with ultraviolet rays. It performs polymerization.
このため、塩の分解の際生じる副生物や、遊離の酸によ
り、素子の外観品位や信頼性に劣るといった欠点を有し
ていた。Therefore, by-products and free acids produced during the decomposition of the salt have resulted in a defect in that the external appearance and reliability of the device are poor.
[問題点を解決するための手段]
本発明は、前述の課題を解決すべくなされたものであり
5一対の電極付基板間に液晶物質を含有させた層を挟持
してなる液晶光学素子において、得られる硬化物の屈折
率が、使用する液晶物質の常光屈折率(n。)あるいは
異常光屈折串(ne)のいずれかと一致するように選ば
れた光硬化性ビニル系化合物及びネマチック液晶物質の
溶解物を一対の電極付基板間に保持し、光露光により、
光硬化性ビニル系化合物を硬化させ、ネマチック液晶物
質と硬化物との相分離を固定化したことを特徴とする液
晶光学素子である。[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and provides a liquid crystal optical element in which a layer containing a liquid crystal substance is sandwiched between a pair of electrode-attached substrates. , a photocurable vinyl compound and a nematic liquid crystal material selected so that the refractive index of the resulting cured product matches either the ordinary refractive index (n.) or the extraordinary refractive index (ne) of the liquid crystal material used. The melt is held between a pair of electrode-attached substrates, and exposed to light,
This is a liquid crystal optical element characterized by curing a photocurable vinyl compound and fixing phase separation between a nematic liquid crystal substance and a cured product.
本発明の素子は、液晶と光硬化性ビニル系化合物が、溶
解した均一状態から、光硬化過程を経ることにより、ネ
マチック液晶と硬化物とを細い不均一状態で固定化させ
るので、液晶と硬化物の分布が一様となり、外観品位、
生産性にすぐれた素子といえる。In the device of the present invention, the nematic liquid crystal and the cured product are fixed in a thin non-uniform state by going through a photocuring process from a uniform state in which the liquid crystal and the photocurable vinyl compound are dissolved. The distribution of objects becomes uniform, the appearance quality,
It can be said that it is an element with excellent productivity.
本発明では、電圧を印加していない状態又は印加してい
る状態のいずれか一方で、光露光により硬化させられた
硬化物の屈折率が、使用する液晶物質の常光屈折率(n
o)あるいは異常光屈折率(ne)のいずれかと一致す
るようにされる。In the present invention, the refractive index of the cured product cured by light exposure is determined by the ordinary refractive index (n
o) or the extraordinary refractive index (ne).
これにより、得られた硬化物の屈折率と液晶物質の屈折
率とが一致した時に光が透過し、一致しない時に光が散
乱(白濁)することになる。As a result, when the refractive index of the obtained cured product and the refractive index of the liquid crystal substance match, light is transmitted, and when they do not match, light is scattered (cloudy).
この特性を生かして、本発明の液晶光学素子は調光体に
使用するとその効果が大きい。Taking advantage of this characteristic, the liquid crystal optical element of the present invention is highly effective when used in a light control body.
特に、本発明の素子は、電界が印加されていない場合に
は、配列していない液晶物質と、硬化物の屈折率の違い
により、散乱状態(つまり白濁状態)を示し、また電界
を印加した場合には、液晶物質が配列し、液晶の屈折率
(noあるいはn、)と光硬化により得られた硬化物の
屈折率とが一致することにより透過状態を示すものとす
ることが好ましく、可逆的な調光機能をもつすぐれた素
子が得られる。In particular, the device of the present invention exhibits a scattering state (that is, a cloudy state) due to the difference in refractive index between the unaligned liquid crystal material and the cured material when no electric field is applied, and when an electric field is applied. In this case, it is preferable that the liquid crystal material is aligned and the refractive index (no or n) of the liquid crystal matches the refractive index of the cured product obtained by photocuring, so that it exhibits a transparent state. This results in an excellent element with excellent light control function.
特に電界を印加した際の液晶の配向が、基板面に対し垂
直である方がヘーズむらが出す、従って、透過率が上昇
するので、得られる硬化物の屈折率が、使用するネマチ
ック液晶のnoと一致するように選ばれた光硬化性ビニ
ル系化合物と誘電異方性が正のネマチック液晶物質とを
組みあわせて使用した方が好ましい。In particular, if the orientation of the liquid crystal is perpendicular to the substrate surface when an electric field is applied, haze unevenness will occur.Therefore, the transmittance will increase. It is preferable to use a combination of a photocurable vinyl compound selected to match the above and a nematic liquid crystal material with positive dielectric anisotropy.
なお1本発明ではこの硬化物の屈折率と、使用する液晶
物質の屈折率(na、n、のいずれか)とを一致させる
ものであるが、この一致とは完全に一致させることが好
ましいものであるが、透過状態に悪影響を与えない程度
に、はぼ一致するようにしておけば良い。具体的には、
屈折率の差を0.15程度以下にしておくことが好まし
い。Note that in the present invention, the refractive index of this cured product is made to match the refractive index (either na or n) of the liquid crystal substance used, but it is preferable that this match be made to match completely. However, it is sufficient to make them approximately coincident to the extent that the transmission state is not adversely affected. in particular,
It is preferable to keep the difference in refractive index to about 0.15 or less.
これは、液晶物質により硬化物が膨潤して、硬化物が本
来持っていた屈折率よりも液晶物質の屈折率に近ずくた
め、この程度の差があっても、光はほぼ透過するように
なる。This is because the cured material swells due to the liquid crystal material and becomes closer to the refractive index of the liquid crystal material than the original refractive index of the cured material, so even if there is a difference of this degree, almost all light will pass through. Become.
本発明で使用される、光硬化性ビニル系化合物は、硬化
速度を速めたいなら、光硬化開始剤を加えるなどしてよ
く、ラジカル種により光硬化可能なものであれば、外観
品位、信頼性にすぐれた素子を作成することができる。The photocurable vinyl compound used in the present invention may be added with a photocuring initiator if the curing speed is to be increased. It is possible to create an excellent device.
この光硬化ビニル系化合物は化合物自身が光反応性をも
つもの、光照射によって生成した物質により硬化が誘起
されるものであってもよく、大別すると、光照射によっ
て分解硬化するものと1重合硬化するものに分類される
0重合硬化するものは、さらに光二量化するものと重合
高分子化するものに分けられる。前者はビニル基の中で
も、シンナモイル基やシンナミリデン基をもつものが多
く、たとえばポリケイ皮酸ビニル、ポリシンナミリデン
酢酸ビニル、フェニレンジアクリル酸エステルなどが例
示される。後者は。This photo-curing vinyl compound may be one in which the compound itself is photoreactive, or one in which curing is induced by a substance generated by light irradiation, and can be roughly divided into those that decompose and harden upon light irradiation and those that undergo monopolymerization. Those that undergo polymerization and curing are further divided into those that undergo photodimerization and those that undergo polymerization and polymerization. Among vinyl groups, many of the former have a cinnamoyl group or a cinnamylidene group, such as polyvinyl cinnamate, polycinnamylidene vinyl acetate, and phenylene diacrylate. The latter is.
千ツマ−やオリゴマーが光により活性化されて、相互に
あるいは他のポリマーや゛オリゴマー、千ツマ−と重合
硬化するものであり、ビニル基の中でもアクリロイル系
、アリル系、スピラン系、ビニルベンゼン系の千ツマ−
、オリゴマー、ポリマーなどがあげられる。具体的には
、モノアクリレート、ジアクリレート、N−置換アクリ
ルアミド、N−ビニルピロリドン、スチレン及びその誘
導体、ポリオールアクリレート、ポリエステルアクリレ
ート、ウレタンアクリレート、エポキシアクリレート、
シリコーンアクリレート、フロロアルキルアクリレート
、ポリブタジェン骨格を有するポリアクリレ−ト、イソ
シアヌル酸骨格を有するポリアクリレート、ヒダントイ
ン骨格を有するアクリレート、不飽和シクロアセタール
などに代表される単官能及び多官能ビニル基を有する化
合物が例示される。 本発明では、これら種々の光硬化
性ビニル系化合物が使用できるが、アクリロイル系化合
物を使用することが、光露光後の液晶と硬化物の相分離
状態及びその均一性にすぐれていること、また光露光に
よる硬化速度が速く硬化物が安定であることから好まし
い、尚ここでいうアクリロイル系化合物のアクリロイル
基は、0位、β位の水素がフェニル基、アルキル基、ハ
ロゲン、シアノ等で置換されていてもよい。Polymers and oligomers are activated by light and polymerize and cure with each other or with other polymers, oligomers, and oligomers, and among vinyl groups, acryloyl, allyl, spiran, and vinylbenzene types are used. 1,000 Tsuma
, oligomers, polymers, etc. Specifically, monoacrylate, diacrylate, N-substituted acrylamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone, styrene and its derivatives, polyol acrylate, polyester acrylate, urethane acrylate, epoxy acrylate,
Examples include compounds with monofunctional and polyfunctional vinyl groups, such as silicone acrylate, fluoroalkyl acrylate, polyacrylate with a polybutadiene skeleton, polyacrylate with an isocyanuric acid skeleton, acrylate with a hydantoin skeleton, unsaturated cycloacetal, etc. be done. In the present invention, these various photocurable vinyl compounds can be used, but the use of acryloyl compounds provides excellent phase separation state and uniformity of the liquid crystal and cured product after light exposure, and The acryloyl group of the acryloyl compound mentioned here is preferred because it has a fast curing speed upon light exposure and the cured product is stable. You can leave it there.
本発明では、これらの光硬化性ビニル系化合物の内、光
照射によって重合硬化するもの、特に重合高分子化する
オリゴマーを含有するものが好ましい。In the present invention, among these photocurable vinyl compounds, those that are polymerized and cured by light irradiation, particularly those containing oligomers that are polymerized and polymerized, are preferred.
具体的には、光硬化性ビニル系化合物としてビニル基を
2個以上含有するアクリルオリゴマーを15〜70wt
%含有することが好ましく、光硬化後に硬化に伴う収縮
が少なく、液晶光′?素子に微小なりラックが発生しに
<<、成形性が良好となる。この微小クラックが多くな
れば、光透過状態での光の透過率が低下する傾向となり
、素子の性能が低下する。このアクリルオリゴマーの粘
度は高すぎても低すぎても成形性に悪影響を与えるので
5σ℃で150〜50000cps程度とすることが好
ましい。Specifically, 15 to 70 wt of acrylic oligomer containing two or more vinyl groups is used as a photocurable vinyl compound.
It is preferable to contain % of liquid crystal light, so that there is less shrinkage due to curing after photocuring. Since minute racks are generated in the element, moldability is improved. If the number of these microcracks increases, the light transmittance in the light transmitting state tends to decrease, and the performance of the element decreases. The viscosity of this acrylic oligomer is preferably about 150 to 50,000 cps at 5[sigma]C since moldability is adversely affected if the viscosity is too high or too low.
光硬化性ビニル系化合物の残りの部分は、ビニル系の千
ツマ−が使用できる。特に、アクリル系の千ツマ−がア
クリルオリゴマーと相性が良く好ましい。For the remaining portion of the photocurable vinyl compound, a vinyl compound can be used. In particular, acrylic mercury is preferred as it has good compatibility with acrylic oligomers.
本発明で使用することが好ましいアクリルオリゴマーと
しては、以下に示す一般式(1)のこのXで表わされる
部分は、ポリオール、ポリエステル、エポキシ、ウレタ
ン、ヒダントイン等の骨格から選ばれれば良く、少なく
とも両側にアクリル酸の構造(CII m・co−co
o−>を持っていれば良い。具体的には、以下のような
構造がありうる。In the acrylic oligomer preferably used in the present invention, the portion represented by The structure of acrylic acid (CII m・co-co
It is sufficient to have o->. Specifically, the following structures are possible.
(CIt I CII□0 ) 、、 (C,、l+、
0 )。等の−(R−0)。(CIt I CII□0) ,, (C,,l+,
0). etc. -(R-0).
1”l+−
僑
(Rはアルキレン基、R′は水素またはアルキル基を表
わし、フェニレンで置換もしくはシクロヘキシレンで置
換されていてもよい。また、同一構造式中に複数のR,
R′等がある場合には、全てが同一の基でも良いし、夫
々異なっていてもよい。)
尚、これらの骨格は単なる例示にすぎなく、素子の形状
、特性等を考慮して適宜選択すれば良い。1"l+- (R represents an alkylene group, R' represents hydrogen or an alkyl group, and may be substituted with phenylene or cyclohexylene. Also, if multiple R,
When R' etc. are present, they may all be the same group or may be different. Note that these skeletons are merely examples, and may be appropriately selected in consideration of the shape, characteristics, etc. of the element.
また、光硬化性ビニル系化合物は、単独もしくは複数混
合で用いてもよく、素子作成に必要な改質剤、作成した
素子の改質剤などを含んでいてもよい。具体的には、架
橋剤、界面活性剤、希釈剤、増粘剤、消泡剤、接着性付
与剤、安定剤、吸収剤1色素、重合促進剤、連鎖移動剤
、重合禁止剤などを含んでいてよい。Further, the photocurable vinyl compound may be used alone or in combination, and may contain a modifier necessary for producing an element, a modifier for the produced element, and the like. Specifically, it contains crosslinking agents, surfactants, diluents, thickeners, antifoaming agents, adhesion agents, stabilizers, absorbent 1 dyes, polymerization accelerators, chain transfer agents, polymerization inhibitors, etc. It's okay to be there.
本発明の素子で使用する光硬化性ビニル系化合物は、萌
述の要件を満たした種々の材料の中から、液晶の屈折率
、液晶との溶解性を勘案して選択すればよい。The photocurable vinyl compound used in the device of the present invention may be selected from among various materials that meet the requirements described above, taking into account the refractive index of the liquid crystal and the solubility with the liquid crystal.
また、光硬化開始剤は、ベンゾインエーテル系、ベンゾ
フェノン系、アセトフェノン系、チオキサントン系など
が例示される。Further, examples of the photocuring initiator include benzoin ether type, benzophenone type, acetophenone type, and thioxanthone type.
本発明で使用されるネマチック液晶物質は、単独で用い
ても組成物を用いても良いが、動作温度範囲、動作電圧
など種々の要求性能を満たすには組成物を用いた方が有
利といえる。The nematic liquid crystal substance used in the present invention may be used alone or in a composition, but it is more advantageous to use a composition in order to meet various performance requirements such as operating temperature range and operating voltage. .
また、使用されるネマチック液晶は5光硬化性ビニル系
化合物に均一に溶解し、光露光後の硬化物とは、溶解し
ない、もしくは困難なものが必要であり、組成物を用い
る場合は1個々の液晶物質の溶解度ができるだけ近いも
のが望ましい。In addition, the nematic liquid crystal used must be uniformly dissolved in the photocurable vinyl compound, and the cured product after light exposure must be one that does not dissolve or is difficult to dissolve. It is desirable that the solubility of the liquid crystal material be as close as possible.
本発明の素子を製造する際、光硬化性ビニル系化合物と
ネマチック液晶とは5:95〜45:55程度の溶解混
合物とすればよく、液状ないしは粘稠物として使用され
ればよい。When manufacturing the device of the present invention, the photocurable vinyl compound and the nematic liquid crystal may be dissolved in a mixture of about 5:95 to 45:55, and may be used as a liquid or viscous substance.
本発明の素子を製造する際、調製する光硬化性ビニル系
化合物とネマチック液晶との混合物は液状であっても粘
稠物であっても均一に溶解していれば良く、素子の製造
方法によって最適なものを選べば良い、たとえば、In
5Os4nO□。When manufacturing the device of the present invention, the mixture of the photocurable vinyl compound and nematic liquid crystal to be prepared may be liquid or viscous as long as it is uniformly dissolved. Just choose the best one, for example, In
5Os4nO□.
SnO□等の透明電極付のガラス基板が、相対向するよ
うに配して周辺をシールしたセルには、液状で注入した
方が一般に便利であり、透明電極付のプラスチック・ガ
ラス等の基板に塗布し、対向する基板を重ね合わせよう
とする場合には、一般に粘稠状態の方が便利である。It is generally more convenient to inject in liquid form into cells where glass substrates with transparent electrodes such as SnO□ are placed facing each other and the periphery is sealed. The viscous state is generally more convenient when applying and stacking opposing substrates.
基板間ギャップは、5〜100μmにて動作することか
できるが、印加電圧、オン・オフ時のコントラストを配
慮すれば、7〜40μmに設定することが適当である。The inter-substrate gap can be operated at 5 to 100 μm, but it is appropriate to set it to 7 to 40 μm, taking into consideration the applied voltage and contrast during on/off.
このようにして、基板に保持した混合物を、光露光によ
り、ネマチック液晶と硬化物との相分離状態で固定化す
るわけだが、ここで言う光露光とは、一般に紫外線照射
あるいは、電子線照射を意味する。光露光前は、基板に
保持された内容物は均一に溶解しているため無色透明で
あるが、光露光後は配列していないネマチック液晶と硬
化物による屈折率散乱のため白濁状態となる。こうして
作成した本発明の素子は、電圧印加することにより、ネ
マチック液晶が配列し、硬化物と屈折率が7致するため
透過状態となる。In this way, the mixture held on the substrate is fixed by light exposure in a phase-separated state of nematic liquid crystal and cured product. Light exposure here generally refers to ultraviolet irradiation or electron beam irradiation. means. Before exposure to light, the content held on the substrate is uniformly dissolved and is colorless and transparent; however, after exposure to light, it becomes cloudy due to refractive index scattering by the unaligned nematic liquid crystal and the cured product. By applying a voltage, the device of the present invention thus produced becomes transmissive because the nematic liquid crystals are aligned and the refractive index matches that of the cured product by 7.
本発明では、この液晶中に2色性色素や単なる色素、顔
料を添加したり、硬化性化合物として着色したものを使
用したり、基板に着色基板を使用したり、カラーフィル
ターを積層したりして特定の色を付けることもできる。In the present invention, dichroic dyes, simple dyes, or pigments are added to the liquid crystal, colored curable compounds are used, colored substrates are used, or color filters are laminated. You can also add a specific color.
本発明では、ネマチック液晶物質を溶媒として使用し、
光露光により光硬化性ビニル系化合物を硬化させるため
、硬化時に不要となる単なる溶媒や水を蒸発させる必要
がない。このため、密閉系で硬化できるため、信頼性が
高く。In the present invention, a nematic liquid crystal substance is used as a solvent,
Since the photocurable vinyl compound is cured by light exposure, there is no need to simply evaporate solvents and water that are unnecessary during curing. Therefore, it can be cured in a closed system, making it highly reliable.
かつ、光硬化性ビニル系化合物で2枚の基板を接着する
効果も有するため、シール剤を不要にすることもできる
。In addition, since the photocurable vinyl compound also has the effect of bonding two substrates together, a sealant can be made unnecessary.
このため、一方の電極付基板上に光硬化性ビニル系化合
物及びネマチック液晶物質の溶解物を供給し、さらにそ
の上に他方の電極付基板を重ね合せ、その後、光を照射
して硬化させるという生産性の良い製造方法が採用でき
る。For this purpose, a solution of a photocurable vinyl compound and a nematic liquid crystal substance is supplied onto one substrate with electrodes, and then the other substrate with electrodes is placed on top of it, and then light is irradiated to cure it. Manufacturing methods with high productivity can be adopted.
特に、電極付基板にプラスチック基板を使用することに
より、連続プラスチックフィルムを使用した長尺の液晶
光学素子が容易に!112造できる。In particular, by using a plastic substrate as the electrode-attached substrate, it is easy to create long liquid crystal optical elements using continuous plastic film! 112 buildings can be built.
このような液晶と硬化性化合物のマトリックスによる液
晶を使用することにより、大面積にしても、上下の透明
電極が短絡する危険性が低く、かつ、通常のツイストネ
マチック型の表示素子のように配向や基板間隙を厳密に
制御する必要もなく、大面積を有する液晶調光体を極め
て生産性良く製造できる。なお、光の透過状態のムラを
少なくするためには、基板間隙はある程度一定である方
が良い。このため、ガラス粒子、プラスチック粒子、セ
ラミック粒子等の間隙制御用のスペーサーを基板間隙に
配置する方が好ましい。具体的には、電極付基板上に光
硬化性ビニル系化合物及びネマチック液晶物質の溶解物
に基板間隙制御用のスペーサーを含有させて供給するか
、溶解物を供給前または後にスペーサーを供給して、他
方の電極付基板を重ね合わせるようにすれば良い。この
場合、重ね合わせた後に加圧し、その後、硬化させるこ
とにより、より均一な基板間隙になりやすい。By using such a liquid crystal with a matrix of liquid crystal and a curable compound, even if the area is large, the risk of shorting between the upper and lower transparent electrodes is low, and the alignment is similar to that of a normal twisted nematic type display element. There is no need to strictly control the distance between the substrates and the gap between the substrates, and a liquid crystal light control body having a large area can be manufactured with extremely high productivity. Note that in order to reduce unevenness in the state of light transmission, it is preferable that the substrate gap be constant to some extent. For this reason, it is preferable to arrange spacers for controlling the gap, such as glass particles, plastic particles, ceramic particles, etc. in the gap between the substrates. Specifically, a melted material of a photocurable vinyl compound and a nematic liquid crystal substance containing a spacer for controlling the gap between the substrates is supplied onto a substrate with electrodes, or a spacer is supplied before or after the melted material is supplied. , the other electrode-attached substrate may be placed on top of the other. In this case, by applying pressure after overlapping and then curing, a more uniform gap between the substrates can be easily achieved.
このような液晶光学素子は、表示素子としても使用可能
であるが、大面積化が容易であること及び後で切断して
所望のサイズにできること等からみて調光体として使用
した場合に好適である。Although such a liquid crystal optical element can be used as a display element, it is not suitable for use as a light control body because it can be easily made into a large area and can be cut into a desired size later. be.
調光体として使用される場合には、通常は透過型である
ため、電極は透明電極とされる。もちろん、その一部に
低抵抗化するための金属リード部を併設したりしてもよ
い。また、調光鏡として使用する場合には、一方の電極
を反射電極としてもよい。When used as a light control body, the electrode is usually a transmissive type, so the electrode is a transparent electrode. Of course, a metal lead portion may also be provided in a part thereof to lower the resistance. Furthermore, when used as a light control mirror, one electrode may be a reflective electrode.
この液晶調光体のような大型の液晶光学素子の場合には
、基板がプラスチックや薄いガラスの場合にさらに保護
のためにプラスチックやガラス等の保護板を積層したり
、基板を強化ガラス、合せガラス、線入ガラス等にして
もよい等種々の応用が可能である。In the case of large liquid crystal optical elements such as this liquid crystal dimmer, if the substrate is made of plastic or thin glass, a protective plate of plastic or glass is laminated for further protection, or the substrate is made of tempered glass, laminated glass, etc. Various applications are possible, such as use of glass, lined glass, etc.
特に、電極付基板としてプラスチック基板を使用して液
晶光学素子とし、電極取り出し線を付けて、これを液晶
光学素子よりもやや大きい2枚のガラス板間にポリビニ
ルブチラール等の接着性材料層を介して挟持して、加熱
又は光照射により、接着性材料層を硬化させて、液晶光
学素子とガラス板とを一体化し合せガラス状にして使用
することが好ましい、中でも接着性材料をポリビニルブ
チラールとすることにより、通常の合わせガラスと極め
て類似した構造とすることができる。In particular, a liquid crystal optical element is made by using a plastic substrate as a substrate with electrodes, an electrode lead wire is attached, and this is connected between two glass plates that are slightly larger than the liquid crystal optical element through a layer of adhesive material such as polyvinyl butyral. It is preferable to use polyvinyl butyral as the adhesive material by holding the liquid crystal optical element and the glass plate together in a laminated glass form by curing the adhesive material layer by heating or light irradiation. By doing so, it is possible to obtain a structure extremely similar to that of ordinary laminated glass.
この液晶調光体のような液晶光学素子を製造するには、
所望の形状の基板を2枚準備して、これを組合せて液晶
光学素子を製造してもよいし、連続プラスチックフィル
ム基板を使用したり、長尺ガラス基板を用いて製造して
、後で切断する方式で製造してもよい。To manufacture liquid crystal optical elements like this liquid crystal light control body,
You can manufacture a liquid crystal optical element by preparing two substrates with a desired shape and combining them, or by using a continuous plastic film substrate or a long glass substrate and cutting it later. It may be manufactured by the following method.
この液晶調光体の用途としては窓、天窓、間仕切り、扉
等の建築材料、窓、ムーンルーフ等の車両用材料、各種
電気製品用のケース、ドア、蓋等の材料に使用可能であ
る。This liquid crystal light control body can be used in building materials such as windows, skylights, partitions, and doors, vehicle materials such as windows and moon roofs, and materials such as cases, doors, and lids for various electrical appliances.
本発明の液晶光学素子は、電圧を印加する時には、液晶
の配列が変化するような交流電圧を印加すればよい。具
体的には、5〜100■で10〜1000Hz程度の交
流電圧を印加すればよい。When applying a voltage to the liquid crystal optical element of the present invention, it is sufficient to apply an alternating current voltage that changes the alignment of the liquid crystal. Specifically, an AC voltage of about 10 to 1000 Hz may be applied at 5 to 100 square meters.
また、電圧を印加しない時には、電極間をオーブンにす
るか短絡すればよい、これらの内でも、電極間のインピ
ーダンス、即ち、電極のインピーダンス、端子部での接
続インピーダンス、回路インピーダンスの合計インピー
ダンスが、ネマチック液晶物質と硬化物との層のインピ
ーダンスよりも低くなるようにすることにより、電圧を
切った時の液晶の応答が速い。Furthermore, when no voltage is applied, the electrodes can be opened or short-circuited.Among these, the impedance between the electrodes, that is, the total impedance of the electrode impedance, the connection impedance at the terminal, and the circuit impedance, is By making the impedance lower than that of the layer of nematic liquid crystal material and cured material, the response of the liquid crystal when the voltage is turned off is fast.
特に、電極間のインピーダンスが、ネマチック液晶物質
と硬化物との層のインピーダンスの17!0以下になる
ようにすることが好ましい。このため、電極のインピー
ダンス及び端子部での接続インピーダンスが高い場合に
は、回路のインピーダンスを下げることが好ましい。In particular, it is preferable that the impedance between the electrodes be 17!0 or less of the impedance of the layer of nematic liquid crystal material and cured product. Therefore, when the impedance of the electrode and the connection impedance at the terminal portion are high, it is preferable to lower the impedance of the circuit.
このように自己放電回路を形成することにより1通常の
液晶表示素子に比して素子自体の有するキャパシタンス
が非常に大きいものであっても、電極間に蓄積された電
荷が速やかに放電され、液晶がランダムな配向に戻る運
動を阻害しなく、透過と散乱との間の変化が速くなる。By forming a self-discharge circuit in this way, even if the capacitance of the element itself is much larger than that of a normal liquid crystal display element, the charge accumulated between the electrodes is quickly discharged, and the liquid crystal display does not inhibit the movement back to a random orientation, and the change between transmission and scattering becomes faster.
本発明の素子は、表示用素子、とりわけ従来の液晶表示
素子が困難であった、大面積表示素子、湾曲状での表示
素子等に利用できるほか、大面積の調光素子、光シヤツ
ター等、数多くの利用が考えられる。The device of the present invention can be used for display devices, especially large-area display devices, curved display devices, etc., which are difficult to use with conventional liquid crystal display devices, as well as large-area light control devices, optical shutters, etc. Many uses are possible.
また、本発明では一方の電極を鏡面反射電極として鏡と
して使用してもよく、この場合には裏側の基板は不透明
なガラス、プラスチック、セラミック、金属製とされて
もよい。Further, in the present invention, one of the electrodes may be used as a specular reflective electrode as a mirror, and in this case, the back substrate may be made of opaque glass, plastic, ceramic, or metal.
また、カラーフィルターを併用したり、液晶中に二色性
色素を混入したりしてカラー化したり、他のディスプレ
ーであるTN液晶表示素子、エレクトロクロミック表示
素子、エレクトロルミネッセンス表示素子等と積層して
使用してもよく、種々の応用が可能である。In addition, color filters can be used together, dichroic dyes can be mixed into the liquid crystal to create colors, and other displays such as TN liquid crystal display elements, electrochromic display elements, electroluminescence display elements, etc. can be stacked together. Various applications are possible.
[実施例1 以下、実施例により、本発明を具体的に説明する。[Example 1 Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically explained with reference to Examples.
実施例1
n−ブチルアクリレート 1部及び2−ヒドロキシエチ
ルアクリレート 5部に液晶(B D H社製rE−8
J)を18部、光硬化開始剤としてベンゾインイソプロ
ピルエーテル0.12部を均一に溶解し、25μmのセ
ルギャップをもったITO付ガツガラス基板セル入した
。注入孔を封止した後、紫外線照射装置(東芝社!Il
lスキュアー400J )により、約60秒光露光する
と露光面全面が白濁し、樹脂の網目状のマトリックス中
に液晶が分散された構造の素子かえられた。Example 1 1 part of n-butyl acrylate and 5 parts of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate were mixed with liquid crystal (rE-8 manufactured by BDH).
J) and 0.12 parts of benzoin isopropyl ether as a photocuring initiator were uniformly dissolved and placed in a glass substrate cell with ITO having a cell gap of 25 μm. After sealing the injection hole, use an ultraviolet irradiation device (Toshiba Corporation!
When exposed to light for about 60 seconds using a skewer (400J), the entire exposed surface became cloudy, and the element had a structure in which liquid crystal was dispersed in a resin network matrix.
電圧印加部の透過率は18.3%であったが、AC60
V (50Ilz)を印加すると60.2%の透過率を
示した。(透過率計:朝日分光量!Jl rM−304
」)実施例2
0−プチルアクリレート 1部及び2−ヒドロキシエチ
ルアクリレート 3部、アクリルオリゴマー(東亜合成
化学社製rM−1200J 、粘度30000c1)S
150℃)4部、光硬化開始剤としてメルク社製「タロ
キュア−11+6Jを0.16部、液晶「E−8」を4
部を均一に溶解した。セルギャップを10μmにした以
外は、実施例1と同様に素子を作成した。電圧印加 (
^C60V、 5011z)前後の透過率はそれぞれ3
8.4%、77.1%であった。The transmittance of the voltage application section was 18.3%, but AC60
When V (50 Ilz) was applied, the transmittance was 60.2%. (Transmittance meter: Asahi spectral amount! Jl rM-304
) Example 2 1 part of 0-butyl acrylate and 3 parts of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, acrylic oligomer (rM-1200J manufactured by Toagosei Kagaku Co., Ltd., viscosity 30000c1) S
150°C) 4 parts, 0.16 parts of Merck's "Talocure-11+6J" as a photocuring initiator, and 4 parts of liquid crystal "E-8".
part was uniformly dissolved. A device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the cell gap was 10 μm. Voltage application (
^C60V, 5011z) Transmittance before and after is 3 respectively
They were 8.4% and 77.1%.
実施例3
n−ブチルアクリレート 3部、アクリルオリゴマー(
大阪有機化学工業社製「ビスコート#823J 、粘度
19000cps/ 50℃) 2部、液晶「E−8」
を3部、[タロキュア−11+6Jを0.1部を均一に
混合し、ドクター・ブレードを使い、ガラス基板に仮接
着したITO付ポリエステルフィルム上に塗布した。次
いで同様にガラス基板に仮接着したITO付ポリエステ
ルフィルムを重ね合せ、10μmのスペーサーを使用し
てセルギャップを調整して、実施例1と同様条件で光露
光し、素子を作成した。Example 3 3 parts of n-butyl acrylate, acrylic oligomer (
Osaka Organic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. "Viscoat #823J, viscosity 19000 cps/50°C) 2 parts, liquid crystal "E-8"
3 parts of [Talocure-11+6J] and 0.1 part of Tarocure-11+6J were uniformly mixed and applied using a doctor blade onto an ITO-attached polyester film temporarily adhered to a glass substrate. Next, a polyester film with ITO which had been temporarily adhered to a glass substrate in the same manner was superimposed, the cell gap was adjusted using a 10 μm spacer, and the film was exposed to light under the same conditions as in Example 1 to produce a device.
電圧印加 (^C60V、 5011z)前後の透過率
はそれぞれ42.8%、67.1%であった。The transmittance before and after voltage application (^C60V, 5011z) was 42.8% and 67.1%, respectively.
実施例4
n−ブチルアクリレート 1部、2−ヒドロキシエチル
アクリレート 5部、アクリルオリゴマー(東亜合成化
学社製rM−6200J 、粘度240cps150℃
)3部、光硬化開始剤としてメルク社製[タロキュアー
1173Jを0.20部、液晶r E −8Jを18部
を均一に溶解した。使用したセルのガラス板厚を3.
On+mにし、光露光時間を3分にした以外は、実施例
1と同様にして素子を作製した。電圧印加 (AC60
V、 50Hz) 前後の透過率はそれぞれ8.3%%
52.0%であった。Example 4 1 part of n-butyl acrylate, 5 parts of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, acrylic oligomer (rM-6200J manufactured by Toagosei Kagaku Co., Ltd., viscosity 240 cps, 150°C)
), 0.20 parts of Talocure 1173J manufactured by Merck & Co., Ltd. as a photocuring initiator, and 18 parts of Liquid Crystal rE-8J were uniformly dissolved. The glass plate thickness of the cell used was 3.
A device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the light was set to On+m and the light exposure time was set to 3 minutes. Voltage application (AC60
V, 50Hz) Transmittance before and after is 8.3%% respectively
It was 52.0%.
実施例5
N−(n−ブトキシメチル]−アクリルアミド1部、n
−ブチルアクリレート 3部、[タロキュア1lI6J
を 0.2部、液晶Roche社製rTN−623J
9.5部を均一に溶解した。セルギャップを10μm
にした以外は、実施例1と同様に素子を作成した。電圧
印加 (AC60V、 50112)前後の透過率は夫
々 79.1%、85.0%であった。Example 5 1 part N-(n-butoxymethyl]-acrylamide, n
-butyl acrylate 3 parts, [Tarocur 1lI6J
0.2 parts, liquid crystal Roche rTN-623J
9.5 parts were uniformly dissolved. Cell gap 10μm
A device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that. The transmittance before and after voltage application (AC60V, 50112) was 79.1% and 85.0%, respectively.
実施例6
n=ブチルアクリレート12部、アクリルオリゴマーr
M−1200424部、「タロキュアー11+6Jを
1.4部、液晶r E−8Jを64部均一に溶解した。Example 6 n = 12 parts of butyl acrylate, acrylic oligomer r
M-1200424 part, “Tarocure 11+6J
1.4 parts and 64 parts of liquid crystal r E-8J were uniformly dissolved.
実施例3と同様にガラス基板に仮接着したITO付ポリ
エステルフィルムを使用し、セルギャップカ月4μmと
なるように重ね合せ、紫外線照射装置(三菱電機社製「
ネ才ルミスーバ−(30W) J )使用により約90
秒光露光して素子を作製した。As in Example 3, a polyester film with ITO was temporarily adhered to a glass substrate, superimposed so that the cell gap was 4 μm, and exposed to an ultraviolet irradiation device (manufactured by Mitsubishi Electric Corporation).
Approximately 90% by using LumiSuba (30W) J)
A device was fabricated by second light exposure.
電圧を印加しない場合の透過率はl093%、電圧印加
後の透過率は62.5% (AC15V、 5011z
)、77.7%(AClooV、5011z)であった
。The transmittance when no voltage is applied is 1093%, and the transmittance after voltage is 62.5% (AC15V, 5011z
), 77.7% (AClooV, 5011z).
さらに、これを2枚のガラス板の間に2枚のポリビニル
ブチラール膜を介して挟持し、オートクレーブ内で加熱
加圧して一体化させた。Furthermore, this was sandwiched between two glass plates with two polyvinyl butyral films interposed therebetween, and heated and pressurized in an autoclave to integrate them.
このようにして一体化された調光体は、外圧に対して安
全であり、信頼性も高いものであった。The light control body integrated in this way was safe against external pressure and had high reliability.
実施例7
セルギャップを8μmにした以外は実施例6と同様にし
て素子を作製した。電圧を印加しない場合の透過率は1
9.8%、電圧印加後の透過率1;t75.3部% (
AC15V、 50Hz) 、 77.2% (AC3
0V。Example 7 A device was produced in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the cell gap was 8 μm. The transmittance when no voltage is applied is 1
9.8%, transmittance after voltage application 1; t75.3 parts% (
AC15V, 50Hz), 77.2% (AC3
0V.
5011z)であった。5011z).
実施例8
実施例6の素子において%ACbOVの電圧を印加した
状態から回路を開放した場合の透過率変化の応答時間は
1.2秒であった。電圧を切った後で、素子の両電極を
IkΩの抵抗を介して短絡したところ、応答時間は0.
02秒であった。Example 8 In the element of Example 6, the response time for transmittance change when the circuit was opened from a state where a voltage of %ACbOV was applied was 1.2 seconds. After the voltage was turned off, both electrodes of the device were short-circuited through a resistor of IkΩ, and the response time was 0.
It was 0.02 seconds.
実施例9
着色硬化物として、東華色素化学工業社製[ベストキュ
ア161 Jを1.5部加えて分散させた以外は、実施
例6と同様にして素子を作製した。Example 9 An element was produced in the same manner as in Example 6, except that 1.5 parts of Best Cure 161 J manufactured by Toka Shiki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd. was added and dispersed as a colored cured product.
全面、均一に着色した素子が得られ、電圧印加しない場
合の透過率は8.1%、電圧印加後の透過率は63.5
%(AClooV、50Hz)であった。A device that is uniformly colored on the entire surface is obtained, and the transmittance is 8.1% when no voltage is applied, and the transmittance after voltage is 63.5.
% (AClooV, 50Hz).
実施例10
n−オクチルアクリレート 7部及び2−ヒドロキシエ
チルアクリ・レート15部、アクリルオリゴマー rM
−1200J 14部、光硬化開始剤としてベンゾイン
イソプロピルエーテル3部に液晶[E−8464部を均
一に溶解した。この溶液をガラス板に仮接着したITO
付ポリエステルフィルム基板上に塗布し、次いで、同様
に、ガラス板に仮接着したITO付ポリエステルフィル
ム基板をセル間隙が14μmとなるように重ね合せた後
、紫外線照射袋!2![トスキュアー400」により約
60秒光露光すると、露光面が白濁した素子が得られた
。Example 10 7 parts n-octyl acrylate and 15 parts 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, acrylic oligomer rM
-1200J 14 parts, liquid crystal [E-8464 parts] were uniformly dissolved in 3 parts of benzoin isopropyl ether as a photocuring initiator. ITO temporarily adhered to a glass plate with this solution
Then, the ITO-attached polyester film substrate was temporarily bonded to a glass plate in the same way, and the ITO-attached polyester film substrate was stacked so that the cell gap was 14 μm, and then the UV irradiation bag was placed! 2! When exposed to light for about 60 seconds using "Toscure 400", an element with a cloudy exposed surface was obtained.
電圧印加前の透過率は15.9%であったが、 ACl
00V (50112)を印加すると77.0%の透
過率を示した。The transmittance before voltage application was 15.9%, but ACl
When 00V (50112) was applied, the transmittance was 77.0%.
実施例11
N−(n−ブトキシメチル)−アクリルアミド 1部、
n−ブチルアクリレート 3部、アクリルオリゴマー[
ビスコ−) #823J 1部、光硬化開始剤「ダロ
キュアー目+6J Q、2部、液晶rTN−623J
9.5部を均一に溶解した。セル間隙を10μmに
した以外は、実施例5と同様にして素子を作成した。Example 11 1 part of N-(n-butoxymethyl)-acrylamide,
3 parts of n-butyl acrylate, acrylic oligomer [
Visco) #823J 1 part, photocuring initiator "Darocure+6J Q, 2 parts, liquid crystal rTN-623J
9.5 parts were uniformly dissolved. A device was produced in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the cell gap was 10 μm.
電圧印加(AC60V、5[111z)前後の透過率は
夫々76.2%、85.2%であった。The transmittance before and after voltage application (AC60V, 5[111z) was 76.2% and 85.2%, respectively.
この素子は、原料にアクリルオリゴマーを使用しており
、実施例5の素子に比して、硬化後の微小クラックが少
なく、電圧印加による透過率の変化が大きいものであっ
た。This element uses an acrylic oligomer as a raw material, and compared to the element of Example 5, there were fewer microcracks after curing and the transmittance changed more greatly when voltage was applied.
[発明の効果]
以上の如く、本発明は、新規な液晶光学素子を提供する
ものであり、得られる硬化物の屈折率が、使用する液晶
物質の常光屈折率(no)あるいは異常光屈折率(ne
)のいずれかと一致するように選ばれた光硬化性ビニル
系化合物とネマチック液晶物質とを均一溶解状態で一対
の電極付基板間に保持し、光露光により、光硬化性化合
物を硬化させ、ネマチック液晶物質とを硬化物との相分
離を固定化した素子である。したがって本発明は偏光板
を必要とせず、外観品位、生産性にすぐれた素子であり
、表示用、とりわけ大面積、湾曲状での表示に、また大
面積での調光、光シヤツター等に広く利用することがで
きる。[Effects of the Invention] As described above, the present invention provides a novel liquid crystal optical element, and the refractive index of the obtained cured product is the same as the ordinary refractive index (no) or the extraordinary refractive index of the liquid crystal material used. (ne
) and a nematic liquid crystal substance are held in a uniformly dissolved state between a pair of electrode-attached substrates, and the photocurable compound is cured by light exposure to form a nematic liquid crystal material. This is an element in which phase separation between the liquid crystal material and the cured material is fixed. Therefore, the present invention is an element that does not require a polarizing plate and has excellent appearance quality and productivity, and is widely used for displays, especially large area and curved displays, as well as large area dimming, light shutters, etc. can be used.
本発明では光硬化性ビニル系化合物を使用しているため
、素子の信頼性が高く1合せガラス様の構造を有してお
り、外圧による破損を生じにくく安全性が高い。In the present invention, since a photocurable vinyl compound is used, the device has high reliability and has a laminated glass-like structure, and is highly safe and resistant to breakage due to external pressure.
さらに、この基板の少なくとも一面に保護板を設けるこ
とにより、安全性が向上し、特に、両面に保護板を設け
ることにより破損を生じにくくなる。Furthermore, by providing a protective plate on at least one side of this substrate, safety is improved, and in particular, by providing protective plates on both sides, damage becomes less likely to occur.
特に、基板上にネマチック液晶物質、光硬化性ビニル系
化合物、さらに必要に応じて光硬化開始剤との溶解物を
供給し、その上に他方の基板をa置することにより、大
面積の素子を極めて生産性良く製造できる。このため、
ガラスの場合にもかなり長尺の基板が使用できるし、プ
ラスチックの基板では連続フィルムによる連続プロセス
も可能となる。In particular, by supplying a solution of a nematic liquid crystal substance, a photocurable vinyl compound, and, if necessary, a photocuring initiator on a substrate, and placing the other substrate on top of it, a large-area device can be fabricated. can be manufactured with extremely high productivity. For this reason,
In the case of glass, quite long substrates can be used, and in the case of plastic substrates, continuous processes using continuous films are also possible.
特に、基板にプラスチック基板を使用した場合には、生
産性は良い反面、強度が劣フているため、大面積化した
際に、破損し易くなったり、湾曲したりする。このため
、両面に保護板を設ける効果が大きい。中でも保護板と
してガラス板を使用し、接着性材料で接着することによ
り1合わせガラスと類似の構造となり、安全で信頼性が
高くなる。Particularly, when a plastic substrate is used as a substrate, although productivity is good, the strength is poor, so that when the area is increased, the substrate is easily damaged or bent. Therefore, the effect of providing protective plates on both sides is great. In particular, by using a glass plate as a protective plate and bonding it with an adhesive material, it has a structure similar to single laminated glass, making it safe and reliable.
又、本発明の液晶光学素子は、液晶物質と硬化したビニ
ル系化合物とが細かな3次元網目状マトリックスを構成
しているため、素子を製造後所望の大きさに切断して使
用することもてきる。Furthermore, since the liquid crystal optical element of the present invention has a fine three-dimensional network matrix made up of the liquid crystal material and the hardened vinyl compound, the element can be cut into a desired size after manufacturing. I'll come.
また、マトリックス中に液晶の分散体が互いにつながっ
ているため、電圧印加の際、液晶が均一に配列し易いた
めマイクロカプセル状や独立した液晶粒から構成される
素子と比べて、透明状態でのヘーズが小さく、駆動電圧
が低くてすむ、また、白濁状態の際、素子が赤っぽくな
ることを防ぐといった効果もある。In addition, since the liquid crystal dispersions are connected to each other in the matrix, the liquid crystals tend to align uniformly when a voltage is applied, so compared to elements composed of microcapsules or independent liquid crystal particles, the liquid crystals are more easily aligned in the transparent state. It also has the effect of reducing haze, requiring a low driving voltage, and preventing the element from becoming reddish in a cloudy state.
本発明は、この外1本発明の効果を損しない範囲内で種
々の応用が可能である。The present invention can be applied in various other ways as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
手続補正書 昭和63年 3月/r日Procedural amendment March/r day, 1986
Claims (11)
挟持してなる液晶光学素子において、得られる硬化物の
屈折率が、使用する液晶物質の常光屈折率(n_o)あ
るいは異常光屈折率(n_e)のいずれかと一致するよ
うに選ばれた光硬化性ビニル系化合物及びネマチック液
晶物質の溶解物を一対の電極付基板間に保持し、光露光
により、光硬化性ビニル系化合物を硬化させ、ネマチッ
ク液晶物質と硬化物との相分離を固定化したことを特徴
とする液晶光学素子。(1) In a liquid crystal optical element formed by sandwiching a layer containing a liquid crystal material between a pair of electrode-attached substrates, the refractive index of the obtained cured product is the ordinary refractive index (n_o) or the extraordinary light refractive index of the liquid crystal material used. A melt of a photocurable vinyl compound and a nematic liquid crystal substance selected to match one of the refractive indexes (n_e) is held between a pair of electrode-attached substrates, and the photocurable vinyl compound is cured by light exposure. A liquid crystal optical element characterized by being cured to fix phase separation between a nematic liquid crystal substance and a cured product.
液晶の常光屈折率(n_o)と一致するように選ばれた
光硬化性ビニル系化合物と誘電異方性が正のネマチック
液晶物質とを使用する特許請求の範囲第1項記載の液晶
光学素子。(2) A photocurable vinyl compound selected so that the refractive index of the resulting cured product matches the ordinary refractive index (n_o) of the nematic liquid crystal used, and a nematic liquid crystal material with positive dielectric anisotropy. A liquid crystal optical element according to claim 1 for use.
ル系化合物である特許請求の範囲第1項記載の液晶光学
素子。(3) The liquid crystal optical element according to claim 1, wherein the photocurable vinyl compound used is an acryloyl compound.
ステル系化合物である特許請求の範囲第3項記載の液晶
光学素子。(4) The liquid crystal optical element according to claim 3, wherein the photocurable vinyl compound used is an acrylic ester compound.
ゴマーを15〜70wt%含む特許請求の範囲第4項記
載の液晶光学素子。(5) The liquid crystal optical element according to claim 4, wherein the photocurable vinyl compound used contains 15 to 70 wt% of an acrylic oligomer.
囲第1項記載の液晶光学素子。(6) The liquid crystal optical element according to claim 1, wherein the electrode-attached substrate is a transparent electrode-attached substrate.
ある特許請求範囲第6項記載の液晶光学素子。(7) The liquid crystal optical element according to claim 6, wherein the substrate with transparent electrodes is a plastic substrate with transparent electrodes.
特許請求の範囲第6項または第7項記載の液晶光学素子
。(8) The liquid crystal optical element according to claim 6 or 7, wherein a protective plate is laminated on the outside of the transparent electrode-attached substrate.
ている特許請求の範囲第8項記載の液晶光学素子。(9) The liquid crystal optical element according to claim 8, wherein the protective plate is adhered to the outside of both transparent electrode-attached substrates.
または第9項記載の液晶光学素子。(10) The liquid crystal optical element according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the protective plate is a glass plate.
、2枚のガラス板が一体化して合せガラス状にされてい
る特許請求の範囲第10項記載の液晶光学素子。(11) A liquid crystal optical element according to claim 10, wherein the glass plates are bonded with polyvinyl butyral to form a laminated glass-like structure.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP62322701A JP2550627B2 (en) | 1986-12-23 | 1987-12-22 | Liquid crystal optical element |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP61-305528 | 1986-12-23 | ||
JP30552886 | 1986-12-23 | ||
JP62322701A JP2550627B2 (en) | 1986-12-23 | 1987-12-22 | Liquid crystal optical element |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS63271233A true JPS63271233A (en) | 1988-11-09 |
JP2550627B2 JP2550627B2 (en) | 1996-11-06 |
Family
ID=26564338
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP62322701A Expired - Lifetime JP2550627B2 (en) | 1986-12-23 | 1987-12-22 | Liquid crystal optical element |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP2550627B2 (en) |
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