JPS632664B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS632664B2 JPS632664B2 JP55004930A JP493080A JPS632664B2 JP S632664 B2 JPS632664 B2 JP S632664B2 JP 55004930 A JP55004930 A JP 55004930A JP 493080 A JP493080 A JP 493080A JP S632664 B2 JPS632664 B2 JP S632664B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- heating element
- heat
- amount
- atomization
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 71
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910002061 Ni-Cr-Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001120 nichrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 etc. are preferred Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002515 CoAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017060 Fe Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002544 Fe-Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002060 Fe-Cr-Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015372 FeAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000249914 Hemigraphis reptans Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016583 MnAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003310 Ni-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000171022 Peltophorum pterocarpum Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe] UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010285 flame spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012210 heat-resistant fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000953 kanthal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003437 trachea Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Special Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
- Wick-Type Burners And Burners With Porous Materials (AREA)
- Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
- Air Humidification (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
この発明は灯油，水等の液体を気化させる霧化
装置に関するものである。ここで「霧化」とは、
液体が発熱体等により熱の供給を受け、一次的に
気化し、再び液体に結霧し、液体が微粒化した状
態を含む。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an atomizing device for vaporizing liquids such as kerosene and water. What does "atomization" mean here?
This includes a state in which the liquid is supplied with heat by a heating element or the like, temporarily vaporizes, and then becomes atomized again, resulting in the liquid becoming atomized.
このような霧化装置は各種液体燃料燃焼装置や
加湿装置等に摘合させることにより、簡便にして
安定した霧化ガスが得られるものである。近年、
石油燃焼器や加湿器などに、気化あるいは霧化を
利用した機器が数多く開発され、また市場でも好
評である。従来、このような気化あるいは霧化方
法について、特に液体燃料分野で数多くの方式が
開発され、商品化されている。種類としてはポ
ツト式，しん（芯）式，噴霧とがあり、噴霧
方式における液体燃料の霧化（微粒化）方法とし
て、○イ回転板による霧化（たとえば末広がりのカ
ツプを高速で回転し、油を微粒化するもの），○ロ
油圧による霧化（たとえば燃料ポンプによつて加
圧した油をオリフイスから高速で噴射して油を微
粒化するもの），○ハ空気（または蒸気）による霧
化（一般的に気流衝撃形ともよばれており、高速
空気〔または蒸気〕のもつているエネルギーを利
用して油を微粒化するもの），○ニ超音波による霧
化（音波エネルギーによつて油を微粒化するも
の）等がある。 By combining such an atomizing device with various liquid fuel combustion devices, humidifying devices, etc., stable atomized gas can be easily obtained. recent years,
Many devices that utilize vaporization or atomization have been developed, such as oil burners and humidifiers, and are popular in the market. Conventionally, many methods of vaporization or atomization have been developed and commercialized, particularly in the field of liquid fuels. There are three types: pot type, core type, and atomization.The atomization method of liquid fuel in the atomization method is atomization using a rotary plate (for example, rotating a cup with a wide end at high speed, Atomization by hydraulic pressure (for example, atomization by spraying oil pressurized by a fuel pump from an orifice at high speed), Atomization by air (or steam) atomization (generally called airflow impact type, which uses the energy of high-velocity air [or steam] to atomize oil); etc.).
ところが、これらの霧化はいずれも物理的方法
であるため粒子径はおおよそ５〜30μmと大きく、
粒子径を５ミクロンメートル（μm）以下にする
ことは非常に困難とされている。液体燃料の場
合、粒子径が大きくなると黄火や赤火燃焼の原因
となり好ましくない。さらに粒子径が大きくなる
と、着火ミスを生じたり、着化しにくい原因とも
なる。一方水を用いた加湿器や、吸入器の場合、
粒子径により人体への影響は、発生する水蒸気の
粒子径が大きいと人体の肺にいたる間の気管で吸
着され肺にまで至らない。一方人体への健康を考
えると医学的には1μm以下の粒子径すなわち水蒸
気状の粒子径が最も理想的であると言われてい
る。 However, since these atomization methods are all physical methods, the particle size is large, approximately 5 to 30 μm.
It is considered extremely difficult to reduce the particle size to 5 micrometers (μm) or less. In the case of liquid fuel, if the particle size becomes large, it may cause yellow or red flame combustion, which is undesirable. Furthermore, if the particle size becomes larger, it may cause ignition errors or cause difficulty in ignition. On the other hand, in the case of humidifiers and inhalers that use water,
The influence on the human body depends on the particle size. If the particle size of the generated water vapor is large, it will be absorbed in the trachea between the human body and the lungs, and will not reach the lungs. On the other hand, when considering the health of the human body, it is said that a particle size of 1 μm or less, that is, a water vapor particle size, is the most ideal medically.
そこで、液体を毛細管現象による吸上げ体と、
この吸上げ体を加熱する発熱体とで霧化する装置
が提案されている。この装置は液体を一旦気化す
る化学的方法によるため、前記手段よりも粒子径
の細かい粒子を発生させることが可能でしかも構
造が簡単であるとともに、極めて短時間に気体を
必要量，必要時に効率的に発生させることがで
き、省資源、省エネルギーにもなるという特長が
ある。 Therefore, a suction body for liquid by capillary phenomenon,
A device has been proposed that uses a heating element to heat the suction body to atomize the suction body. Since this device uses a chemical method that vaporizes the liquid once, it is possible to generate particles with a finer diameter than the previous methods, and it has a simple structure, as well as being efficient in producing the required amount of gas in an extremely short time and when needed. It has the advantage of being able to generate energy efficiently, saving resources and energy.
しかしながら、この装置は発熱体を供給熱量で
制御して発熱量を調整すると室温等の環境条件の
変化により発熱量が変化するという新たな問題が
発生した。 However, this device has a new problem in that when the heating element is controlled by the amount of heat supplied to adjust the amount of heat generated, the amount of heat generated changes due to changes in environmental conditions such as room temperature.
したがつて、この発明の目的は、この装置にお
いて環境条件の変化にかかわらず安定した発熱量
を制御できる霧化装置を提供することである。 Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an atomization device that can stably control the amount of heat generated in this device regardless of changes in environmental conditions.
この発明の第１の実施例を適用した灯油用液体
燃料燃焼装置を第１図および第２図に示す。すな
わち、符号をおつて説明すると、Ａは霧化装置、
Ｂは気化素子を示す。液体燃料，例えば灯油を溜
めることができる容器１に灯油供給口２，強制気
流の導入口３および混合ガス（霧化ガス）の流出
口４を設け、ポンプ７から送風された強制気流が
導入口３から進入し、気化素子Ｂで気化した灯油
は、空気と混合し混合ガスとなり、流出口４を通
り、バーナー８で燃焼される。容器１の内部には
気化素子Ｂが装填されており、これは第２図に示
すように、毛細管現象を有するガラス繊維布から
なる灯油の吸上げ体５と、表面に絶縁層を被覆し
たニクロム線等を巻回した発熱体６と、発熱体６
の表面に付設した温度検知体である熱電対３１
（CA線の表面に絶縁層を被覆したもの）からな
り、発熱体６は全体形状が中空の螺旋状であつ
て、この周面に吸上げ体５が巻きつけられ、かつ
発熱体６の両端は開放して、発熱体６の中空部に
発生した気体も放出しうるようにいている。 A kerosene liquid fuel combustion apparatus to which a first embodiment of the present invention is applied is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. That is, to explain using the symbols, A is an atomizing device,
B indicates a vaporization element. A container 1 capable of storing liquid fuel, such as kerosene, is provided with a kerosene supply port 2, a forced air flow inlet 3, and a mixed gas (atomized gas) outlet 4, and the forced air flow blown from the pump 7 is supplied to the inlet. The kerosene enters from the outlet 3 and is vaporized by the vaporizer B, which mixes with air to form a mixed gas, passes through the outlet 4, and is burned by the burner 8. A vaporizing element B is loaded inside the container 1, and as shown in FIG. A heating element 6 wound with a wire, etc., and a heating element 6
A thermocouple 31 which is a temperature sensing body attached to the surface of
(A CA wire whose surface is coated with an insulating layer), and the heating element 6 has a hollow spiral shape as a whole, and a suction element 5 is wound around the circumferential surface of the heating element 6. is opened so that gas generated in the hollow part of the heating element 6 can also be released.
このような構成において、発熱体６は灯油吸上
げ体５に密接しているので発熱体６からの熱供給
は大部分、効率よく吸上げ体に伝導され、吸上げ
た灯油を効果的に気化させるものである。一方、
吸上げ体５はその毛細管現象により前記気化した
量に相当する量の灯油が自動的に吸上げられて定
常状態を維持する。すなわち、前記吸上げ体５の
灯油吸上げ能力，発熱体６の熱供給量および灯油
気化部の表面積等の関係を適当に選定することに
より、発熱体６の供給熱量に対して極めて効率的
な、また応答性に優れた灯油の霧化（発熱量）を
行わせることができる。 In such a configuration, since the heating element 6 is in close contact with the kerosene suction element 5, most of the heat supplied from the heating element 6 is efficiently conducted to the suction element, and the sucked kerosene is effectively vaporized. It is something that makes you on the other hand,
The suction body 5 automatically sucks up an amount of kerosene corresponding to the vaporized amount due to capillary action, and maintains a steady state. That is, by appropriately selecting the relationship among the kerosene suction capacity of the suction body 5, the heat supply amount of the heating element 6, the surface area of the kerosene vaporizing section, etc., an extremely efficient Also, it is possible to atomize kerosene (calorific value) with excellent responsiveness.
さらに、発熱体６の温度を検知し、液体の霧化
量を制御することにより、安定に灯油の霧化量
（発熱量）を使用機器の室温の影響、さらには冷
時使用、再使用においても安定した霧化量を発生
することができるものである。 Furthermore, by detecting the temperature of the heating element 6 and controlling the amount of atomization of the liquid, the amount of kerosene atomization (calorific value) can be stably controlled due to the influence of the room temperature of the equipment used, and even when used when cold or when reused. It is also possible to generate a stable amount of atomization.
第３図および第４図は第１図に示す液体燃料燃
焼装置を用い、気化素子Ｂの吸上げ体５は耐アル
カリガラス繊維、発熱体６としてニクロム線の表
面にアルミナをプラズマ溶射したものを用い、ア
ルミナの表面に絶縁層を計けたCA線を接触させ、
ポンプ７からの送風量は、青火燃焼になるように
変化させた場合の発熱量の実験例であつて、第３
図は発熱体６の供給熱量（Ｗ…ワツト）と室内温
度（空気の供給温度）を変化させた場合の灯油の
発熱量を測定し、プロツトしたものである。また
第４図はこの実施例によるもので発熱体６の表面
温度と発熱量をプロツトしたものである。両図を
比較すると明らかなように、第３図は発熱体６の
供給熱量を一定にしても、空気の供給温度（使用
機器の室内温度等による）により霧化量すなわち
発熱量が異なり供給温度の影響を受けることにな
る。そのため、空気の供給温度補正回路さらに必
要に応じ、ポンプ７からの送風量等を制御しなけ
ればならず、複雑な制御回路が必要となるのに対
して、第４図は、発熱体６の表面温度と発熱量の
変化は室温に影響なく、かつ発熱体６の供給熱量
とも相関性は小さい。すなわち、第３図のように
発熱体の供給熱量で発熱量をコントロールするこ
とは同一条件すなわち室温が同一温度の場合はよ
いが、石油燃焼器のような室内暖房として用いる
と、室温が変化するごとに、発熱量が変化する。
しかしながら第４図のように発熱体の表面温度で
発熱量をコントロール（制御）することにより、
室温の変化による発熱量変化は小さく、安定した
燃焼、さらに制御回路、構成もきわめて簡単であ
るので、霧化装置として安価に提供できるのであ
る。 3 and 4 use the liquid fuel combustion apparatus shown in FIG. 1, the suction body 5 of the vaporizing element B is alkali-resistant glass fiber, and the heating element 6 is a nichrome wire with plasma sprayed alumina on the surface. Then, a CA wire with an insulating layer is brought into contact with the surface of the alumina.
The amount of air blown from the pump 7 is an experimental example of the calorific value when the amount of air is changed to achieve green combustion.
The figure shows the calorific value of kerosene measured and plotted when the amount of heat supplied by the heating element 6 (W...W) and the room temperature (air supply temperature) are varied. FIG. 4 is based on this embodiment and is a plot of the surface temperature of the heating element 6 and the amount of heat generated. As is clear from comparing both figures, Fig. 3 shows that even if the amount of heat supplied by the heating element 6 is constant, the amount of atomization, that is, the amount of heat generated, varies depending on the air supply temperature (depending on the indoor temperature of the equipment used, etc.). will be affected by. Therefore, it is necessary to control the air supply temperature correction circuit and, if necessary, the amount of air blown from the pump 7, etc., and a complicated control circuit is required. Changes in surface temperature and calorific value have no effect on room temperature, and have little correlation with the amount of heat supplied by the heating element 6. In other words, controlling the amount of heat generated by the amount of heat supplied by the heating element as shown in Figure 3 is fine under the same conditions, i.e. when the room temperature is the same, but when used for room heating such as an oil burner, the room temperature changes. The amount of heat generated changes depending on the amount of heat generated.
However, by controlling the amount of heat generated by the surface temperature of the heating element as shown in Figure 4,
The change in calorific value due to changes in room temperature is small, the combustion is stable, and the control circuit and configuration are extremely simple, so it can be provided as an atomizer at a low cost.
以下に吸上げ体および発熱体の好ましい材料例
を挙げる。すなわち、吸上げ体は、耐熱性多孔質
物質、あるいは耐熱性繊維で形成し、さらに詳述
するならば多孔質セラミツクス，ガラス繊維，脱
アルカリガラス繊維，シリカ繊維，アルミナ繊
維，炭素繊維，石綿などが好ましく、特に、ガラ
ス繊維，脱アルカリガラス繊維が最も好ましい。 Examples of preferable materials for the suction body and the heat generating body are listed below. That is, the suction body is formed of a heat-resistant porous material or a heat-resistant fiber, and more specifically, porous ceramics, glass fiber, dealkalized glass fiber, silica fiber, alumina fiber, carbon fiber, asbestos, etc. are preferred, and glass fibers and dealkalized glass fibers are particularly preferred.
また発熱体はつぎの通りである。すなわち、
＜必要条件＞
(1)吸上げ体とできるだけ密着し、密着面をでき
るだけ多くすること、(2)発熱体６で発生するエネ
ルギーをできるだけ効率よく灯油または吸上げ体
５に熱交換できること、(3)発熱体６の表面が局部
的に高温に加熱されないこと、(4)発熱体６の表面
にタール状の未燃焼生成物が生じないこと、(5)発
熱体６の表面にタール状未燃焼物が発生しても触
媒的に自己浄化できる機能を有していること、(6)
発熱体６の表面温度が均一であること、(7)発熱体
６の金属部が浸炭腐食に対して防食機能を有する
ことなどが挙げられる。 The heating element is as follows. In other words, <Required conditions> (1) It should be in close contact with the wicking body as much as possible, and the contact surface should be as large as possible; (2) The energy generated by the heating element 6 should be able to exchange heat with the kerosene or the wicking body 5 as efficiently as possible; (3) The surface of the heating element 6 is not locally heated to a high temperature. (4) Tar-like unburned products are not generated on the surface of the heating element 6. (5) Tar-like surface of the heating element 6 is not heated. It has the ability to self-purify catalytically even if unburned substances are generated, (6)
Examples include that the surface temperature of the heating element 6 is uniform, and (7) that the metal part of the heating element 6 has a corrosion protection function against carburization corrosion.
この場合において、もし発熱体６として、Fe
―Cr―Al線，Fe―Ni―Cr線，Fe―Ni―Cr―Al
―Yt線の様な一般電熱線および各種シーズヒー
ター等を用いると発熱体６の表面は短期間にター
ル状の未燃焼生成物が発生し、気化熱を供給する
為の熱交換が悪くなつたり、タール発生部で電熱
線やシーズヒーターが局部的に浸炭現象が進行
し、局部過熱や断線あるいは混合ガスに着火した
りして、この発明の目的を果すことが困難とな
る。ゆえに、この発明の目的に適つた耐熱材と触
媒を担持した複合発熱体を調製するのが最適とい
える。 In this case, if the heating element 6 is Fe
-Cr-Al wire, Fe-Ni-Cr wire, Fe-Ni-Cr-Al
- When using general heating wires such as Yt wires and various sheathed heaters, tar-like unburned products will be generated on the surface of the heating element 6 in a short period of time, and the heat exchange for supplying the heat of vaporization will deteriorate. The carburization phenomenon progresses locally in the heating wires and sheathed heaters in the tar generating area, causing local overheating, wire breakage, or ignition of the mixed gas, making it difficult to achieve the object of the present invention. Therefore, it can be said that it is optimal to prepare a composite heating element supporting a heat-resistant material and a catalyst suitable for the purpose of the present invention.
＜実施例＞
(1) 第５図ａは電熱線あるいは抵抗体２１の表面
を絶縁層として用いた金属酸化物（または金属
の複合酸化物）２２で被覆したものである。な
お、この実施例で用いる発熱体６の表面温度は
200〜250℃であることが好ましいので抵抗体２
１の熱膨張はそれ程大きくなく、したがつて抵
抗体２１に直接、プラズマ溶射法でAl2O3，
TiO2，MqAl2O4の様な金属酸化物または金属
の複合酸化物を被覆形成したものである。<Example> (1) FIG. 5a shows a heating wire or a resistor 21 whose surface is coated with a metal oxide (or metal composite oxide) 22 used as an insulating layer. Note that the surface temperature of the heating element 6 used in this example is
Since the temperature is preferably 200 to 250℃, resistor 2
The thermal expansion of No. 1 is not so large, so the resistor 21 is directly coated with Al 2 O 3 ,
It is coated with a metal oxide or metal composite oxide such as TiO 2 or MqAl 2 O 4 .
(2) 第５図ｂは抵抗体２１の表面を第一被覆層と
して用いた耐熱性合金２３で被覆形成し、その
後第２被覆層すなわち絶縁層として上記第５図
ａの様に金属酸化物（または金属の複合酸化
物）２２で被覆形成したものである。この様な
構成は抵抗体２１と金属酸化物２２の熱膨張の
差が大きく異なる場合に長期使用と熱サイクル
に対して充分機能を発揮できる様に行うもの
で、中間体としてNi―Cr，Ni―Cr―Al，等の
耐熱性合金２３を用いたものである。(2) In FIG. 5b, the surface of the resistor 21 is coated with a heat-resistant alloy 23 used as a first coating layer, and then a metal oxide is formed as a second coating layer, that is, an insulating layer, as shown in FIG. 5a above. (or metal composite oxide) 22. This structure is designed to function sufficiently for long-term use and thermal cycles when the thermal expansion difference between the resistor 21 and the metal oxide 22 is large, and Ni-Cr, Ni is used as an intermediate. -Uses heat-resistant alloy 23 such as Cr-Al.
(3) 第５図ｃ，ｄは第５図ｂに対し封孔処理剤２
５と触媒体２４を設けたものである。(3) Fig. 5 c and d show the sealing agent 2 compared to Fig. 5 b.
5 and a catalyst body 24.
次に発熱体６の調整法について第６図の製造
工程図を用いて説明する。 Next, a method for adjusting the heating element 6 will be explained using the manufacturing process diagram shown in FIG. 6.
＜発熱体＞
発熱体はニクロム線、鉄、クロム線、カンタル
線、エスイツト線等の巻回したものが最も好まし
く、さらにシーズヒーター、PTCセラミツスタ
ー等の他の熱源にも応用可能であるが本実施例で
は主にニクロム線等の上記一般電熱線（第５図の
２１に対応）を発熱体に用いた。<Heating element> The heating element is most preferably a wound one made of nichrome wire, iron, chrome wire, Kanthal wire, Esuit wire, etc., and it is also applicable to other heat sources such as a sheathed heater, PTC ceramic star, etc., but this implementation is applicable. In the example, the above-mentioned general heating wire (corresponding to 21 in FIG. 5), such as a nichrome wire, was mainly used as the heating element.
＜表面拡大化処理＞
先ず電熱線の表面を充分脱脂洗浄を行ない、次
にAl2O3，SiC等の一般研削材の20〜100メツシユ
の粒度を用い、プラスト圧３〜５Kg／cm2で表面拡
大化処理を行なう。この際電熱線の表面がタリサ
ーフ表面粗度計で５〜50μ平均粗度（Ra）が得ら
れることが好ましく、Raが5μ以下ではセラミツ
クス等の被覆効率が悪くなり、又Raが50μ以上に
なると逆にセラミツクス材の均一被覆が困難とな
る。<Surface enlarging treatment> First, the surface of the heating wire is thoroughly degreased and cleaned, and then a general abrasive material such as Al 2 O 3 or SiC with a particle size of 20 to 100 mesh is used and a blast pressure of 3 to 5 kg/cm 2 is applied. Perform surface enlargement processing. At this time, it is preferable that the surface of the heating wire has an average roughness (Ra) of 5 to 50μ using a Talysurf surface roughness meter.If Ra is less than 5μ, the coating efficiency of ceramics etc. will be poor, and if Ra is more than 50μ On the contrary, it becomes difficult to uniformly coat the ceramic material.
＜洗滌・乾燥＞
表面拡大化処理工程では電熱線の表面に研削材
や研削屑が表面に付着しているので水で洗滌し、
100〜150℃で充分電熱線を乾燥する。<Cleaning/Drying> In the surface enlarging process, abrasive materials and grinding debris adhere to the surface of the heating wire, so it is washed with water.
Dry the heating wire thoroughly at 100 to 150℃.
＜絶縁層の形成＞
電熱線を直接液体燃料吸上げ体５や液体燃料に
密接させると電熱線の表面でタール化が促進し、
このタールにより電熱線が浸炭腐食を行なうので
耐熱材で、それ自体で一部灯油等の液体燃料やタ
ール物質に対し分解触媒能を有する金属酸化物
（第５図２２に対応）を被覆形成する。この目的
に適う物質としてAl2O3，SiO2，Fe2O3，Y2O3，
TiO2，CaO，B2O3，Li2O，Cr2O3，ZrO2，
MqO，BeO，NiO，ThO2，HfO2，La2O3，
CeO2の金属酸化物、またはMqAl2O4，
MnAl2O4，FeAl2O4，CoAl2O4，ZnAl2O4，
MqCr2O4等のスピネル型の複酸化物が適当であ
り、これら物質の中で少なくとも一種以上の組み
合せが好ましい。また、これらの中で、最も効果
的で、経済的にも好ましいものとして、Al2O3，
TiO2，ZrO2，SiO2，MqAl2O4が優れた性能を示
した。<Formation of an insulating layer> When the heating wire is directly brought into close contact with the liquid fuel suction body 5 or the liquid fuel, tar formation is promoted on the surface of the heating wire.
Since the heating wire undergoes carburization corrosion due to this tar, it is coated with a heat-resistant material and a metal oxide (corresponding to Fig. 5, 22) that has a decomposition catalytic ability for liquid fuel such as kerosene and tar substances. . Materials suitable for this purpose include Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , Y 2 O 3 ,
TiO 2 , CaO, B 2 O 3 , Li 2 O, Cr 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 ,
MqO, BeO, NiO, ThO 2 , HfO 2 , La 2 O 3 ,
Metal oxide of CeO2 , or MqAl2O4 ,
MnAl 2 O 4 , FeAl 2 O 4 , CoAl 2 O 4 , ZnAl 2 O 4 ,
Spinel-type double oxides such as MqCr 2 O 4 are suitable, and combinations of at least one of these substances are preferred. Moreover, among these, Al 2 O 3 , the most effective and economically preferable ones are
TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , SiO 2 , and MqAl 2 O 4 showed excellent performance.
さらに、これら物質の被覆方法としてはアーク
溶射法、炎溶射法、プラズマ溶射法、爆発溶射法
等があるが、本実施例では溶射法はプラズマ溶射
法を用いた。なお、この場合プラズマダイン社の
80KW型、SG―100型を用い、アークガスとして
アルゴンガス、補助ガスとしてヘリウム、電流
1000A、電圧41Vでセラミツクスの溶射を行な
い、第一被覆層の形成を行なつた。 Further, methods for coating these materials include arc spraying, flame spraying, plasma spraying, and explosive spraying, and in this example, plasma spraying was used. In this case, Plasmadyne's
Using 80KW type and SG-100 type, argon gas as arc gas, helium as auxiliary gas, electric current
Ceramics was thermally sprayed at 1000 A and a voltage of 41 V to form the first coating layer.
溶射被覆層の厚みは（10〜100）μ程度が効果
的であつた。 An effective thickness of the sprayed coating layer was approximately (10 to 100) μm.
＜中間被覆層の形成＞
第５図の耐熱性合金（中間被覆層）２３の被覆
形成方法について説明する。この中間被覆層は前
述の如く抵抗体２１と金属酸化物２２の中間に設
けると発熱体としての熱サイクルに対し、長期間
安定に使用可能となる。この耐熱性合金２３とし
て最適の耐熱合金材料はNi―Cr，Ni―Cr―Al，
Fe―Cr，Fe―Cr―Al，Fe―Cr―Ni―Alである。<Formation of Intermediate Coating Layer> A method for forming the heat-resistant alloy (intermediate coating layer) 23 shown in FIG. 5 will be described. When this intermediate coating layer is provided between the resistor 21 and the metal oxide 22 as described above, it can be used stably for a long period of time against thermal cycles as a heating element. The optimal heat-resistant alloy materials for this heat-resistant alloy 23 are Ni-Cr, Ni-Cr-Al,
They are Fe-Cr, Fe-Cr-Al, and Fe-Cr-Ni-Al.
これら耐熱合金材料の中から少なくとも一種以
上を溶射被覆することが好ましい。溶射被覆層の
厚みは中間層であるので５〜30μ程度が効果的で
あつた。 It is preferable to thermally spray coat at least one of these heat-resistant alloy materials. Since the thermal spray coating layer is an intermediate layer, a thickness of about 5 to 30 μm was effective.
＜封孔処理層の形成＞
前記の如く電熱線の表面に中間被覆層である
Ni―Cr―Alの様な合金被覆層を溶射形成後、第
一被覆層であるTiO2，Al2O3，SiO2，ZvO2の様
なセラミツクス材料を溶射形成しても、溶射被覆
層には本質的に５〜30％の空孔を有するので、液
体燃料は燃焼機を使用しない時に電熱線の表面層
に浸潤することになる。電熱線と溶射被覆層の界
面には空気の拡散が困難であり、したがつて酸素
が余り存在しないので、浸潤した液体燃料はター
ル化し易く、またタール化した炭素質を酸化燃焼
することも困難であるのでこの電熱線と被覆形成
層の界面に封孔処理を行なうことが好ましい。<Formation of sealing layer> As mentioned above, an intermediate coating layer is formed on the surface of the heating wire.
Even if a ceramic material such as TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , or ZvO 2 is sprayed as the first coating layer after spraying an alloy coating layer such as Ni-Cr-Al, the spray coating layer has essentially 5-30% porosity, so the liquid fuel will infiltrate the surface layer of the heating wire when the combustor is not in use. It is difficult for air to diffuse at the interface between the heating wire and the thermally sprayed coating layer, and therefore there is not much oxygen, so the liquid fuel that has soaked into it is easy to turn into tar, and it is also difficult to oxidize and burn the carbonaceous material that has turned into tar. Therefore, it is preferable to perform a sealing treatment on the interface between the heating wire and the coating layer.
この封孔処理剤として種々検討した結果、水ガ
ラス，シリカゾル，アルミナゾル，ガラス質粉
末、シリコーン樹脂、耐熱塗料が好ましい。これ
らの中で特に水ガラス，シリカゾル，アルミナゾ
ルが効果的であつた。 As a result of various studies as a sealing agent, water glass, silica sol, alumina sol, glassy powder, silicone resin, and heat-resistant paint are preferred. Among these, water glass, silica sol, and alumina sol were particularly effective.
＜触媒担持＞
第一被覆層である上記金属酸化物２２はそれ自
体でも多少の灯油分解能力タール物質の自己浄化
能を有するが、この第一被覆層の表面に貴金属触
媒の担持を行なうと、灯油分解能力タール物質の
自己浄化能が著しく改善される。<Supporting Catalyst> The metal oxide 22, which is the first coating layer, has some kerosene decomposition ability and self-purification ability for tar substances, but when a noble metal catalyst is supported on the surface of this first coating layer, Kerosene decomposition ability The self-purification ability of tar substances is significantly improved.
この目的に適う貴金属触媒は白金，パラジユウ
ム，ロジユウム，イリジユウムが好ましい。これ
ら貴金属の塩化物を１〜10ｇ／になるように水
とアルコールからなる溶媒を用いて溶解し、この
溶液中に上記第一被覆層を形成した電熱線を含浸
させ、100〜150℃で乾爆後、600℃の電気炉中で
焼成する。このようにして第一被覆層の表面に第
５図ｃ，ｄの如く貴金属触媒の担持を行なう。第
６図に示した発熱体の製造工程図の中で、中間被
覆形成層、封孔処理形成層，触媒担持の各工程は
破線で示されているが、これは絶縁覆層の金属酸
化物２２の溶射形成のみでも発熱体としての機能
が著しく改善されるので、前記破線で記された四
工程は省略することも可能である。 Preferred noble metal catalysts suitable for this purpose are platinum, palladium, rhodium, and iridium. Dissolve 1 to 10 g of these precious metal chlorides in a solvent consisting of water and alcohol, impregnate the heating wire on which the first coating layer is formed, and dry at 100 to 150°C. After explosion, it is fired in an electric furnace at 600℃. In this way, the noble metal catalyst is supported on the surface of the first coating layer as shown in FIGS. 5c and 5d. In the manufacturing process diagram of the heating element shown in Figure 6, the steps of intermediate coating formation layer, sealing treatment formation layer, and catalyst support are indicated by broken lines. Since the function as a heating element is significantly improved by thermal spraying only in step 22, the four steps indicated by the broken lines can be omitted.
この発明の第２の実施例を第７図に示す。すな
わち、この霧化装置は、巻回発熱体６の内部に保
護管３２で保護された熱電対３３を挿入したもの
で、保護管はステンレス，セラミツクを用い、ス
テンレスの場合は表面に絶縁層を被覆したものが
好まし。その他は第１の実施例と同様である。 A second embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. That is, this atomization device has a thermocouple 33 protected by a protective tube 32 inserted inside a wound heating element 6. The protective tube is made of stainless steel or ceramic, and in the case of stainless steel, an insulating layer is provided on the surface. Preferably coated. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
なお、実施例として液体燃料燃焼装置に用いた
場合について詳述したが、加湿装置の水蒸気発生
量についても同様の結果を得た。それゆえ、液体
燃料燃焼装置、水蒸気発生装置（加湿器、吸入
器）などにも広く応用可能である。 Although the case where the present invention was used in a liquid fuel combustion device was described in detail as an example, similar results were obtained regarding the amount of water vapor generated by the humidifier. Therefore, it can be widely applied to liquid fuel combustion devices, steam generators (humidifiers, inhalers), etc.
以上のように、この発明の霧化装置は、液体を
溜めるとともに強制気流の導入口および流出口を
有する容器と、この容器内に設けられて前記液体
を毛細管現象により吸上げる吸上げ体と、前記容
器内に設けられて前記吸上げ体を加熱して前記液
体を霧化する発熱体と、この発熱体の温度を感知
して前記発熱体の発熱量を制御させる温度検知体
とを備えたため、つぎの作用効果がある。 As described above, the atomization device of the present invention includes a container that stores a liquid and has an inlet and an outlet for forced airflow, a suction body that is provided in the container and sucks up the liquid by capillary action. A heating element is provided in the container and heats the suction body to atomize the liquid, and a temperature sensing element detects the temperature of the heating element to control the amount of heat generated by the heating element. , has the following effects.
すなわち、毛細管現象により吸上げる吸上げ体
を発熱体で加熱することにより液体を霧化するた
め、構造が簡単でしかも極めて短時間に霧化を発
生し流出させることができるとともに、発熱体の
温度を感知する温度検知体を設けたため環境条件
の影響を受けずに安定して発熱量を制御すること
ができる。 In other words, the liquid is atomized by heating the suction body that sucks up by capillary action with a heating element, so the structure is simple, atomization can be generated and flowed out in an extremely short time, and the temperature of the heating element is Since a temperature sensor is provided to sense the temperature, the amount of heat generated can be stably controlled without being affected by environmental conditions.
第１図はこの発明の第１の実施例にかかる液体
燃料燃焼装置の概略断面図。第２図は気化素子を
示す２面図、第３図は発熱体供給熱量に対する発
熱量特性図、第４図は発熱体表面温度に対する発
熱量特性図、第５図は発熱体の断面図、第６図は
発熱体の製造工程図、第７図は第２の実施例の気
化素子の２面図である。
１……容器、３……導入口、４……流出口、５
……吸上げ体、６……発熱体、３１，３３……温
度検知体である熱電対。
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a liquid fuel combustion apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a two-sided view showing the vaporization element, Fig. 3 is a calorific value characteristic diagram with respect to the amount of heat supplied to the heating element, Fig. 4 is a calorific value characteristic diagram with respect to the heating element surface temperature, and Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the heating element. FIG. 6 is a manufacturing process diagram of the heating element, and FIG. 7 is a two-sided view of the vaporizing element of the second embodiment. 1... Container, 3... Inlet, 4... Outlet, 5
... Sucking body, 6... Heat generating body, 31, 33... Thermocouple which is a temperature sensing body.
Claims (1)
び流出口を有する容器と、この容器内に設けられ
て前記液体を毛細管現象により吸上げる吸上げ体
と、前記容器内に設けられて前記吸上げ体を加熱
して前記液体を霧化する発熱体と、この発熱体の
温度を感知して前記発熱体の発熱量を制御させる
温度検知体とを備えた霧化装置。 ２ 前記発熱体は中空の螺旋状であつて、その周
面に前記吸上げ体が巻きつけられ、かつ発熱体の
両端は開放している特許請求の範囲第１項記載の
霧化装置。[Scope of Claims] 1. A container that stores a liquid and has an inlet and an outlet for forced airflow, a suction body that is installed in the container and sucks up the liquid by capillary action, and An atomizing device comprising: a heating element that heats the suction body to atomize the liquid; and a temperature sensing element that senses the temperature of the heating element and controls the amount of heat generated by the heating element. 2. The atomization device according to claim 1, wherein the heating element has a hollow spiral shape, the suction body is wound around the circumferential surface of the heating element, and both ends of the heating element are open.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP493080A JPS56102967A (en) | 1980-01-19 | 1980-01-19 | Atomizer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP493080A JPS56102967A (en) | 1980-01-19 | 1980-01-19 | Atomizer |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS56102967A JPS56102967A (en) | 1981-08-17 |
| JPS632664B2 true JPS632664B2 (en) | 1988-01-20 |
Family
ID=11597299
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP493080A Granted JPS56102967A (en) | 1980-01-19 | 1980-01-19 | Atomizer |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS56102967A (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6143617U (en) * | 1984-08-27 | 1986-03-22 | 株式会社ボッシュオートモーティブ システム | combustor |
| JP4830091B2 (en) * | 2000-09-11 | 2011-12-07 | 公益財団法人国際科学振興財団 | Gas-liquid mixed cleaning apparatus and gas-liquid mixed cleaning method |
| US9061300B2 (en) * | 2006-12-29 | 2015-06-23 | Philip Morris Usa Inc. | Bent capillary tube aerosol generator |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS521800U (en) * | 1975-06-24 | 1977-01-07 |
-
1980
- 1980-01-19 JP JP493080A patent/JPS56102967A/en active Granted
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS521800U (en) * | 1975-06-24 | 1977-01-07 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS56102967A (en) | 1981-08-17 |
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