JPS63207576A - Industrial robot - Google Patents

Industrial robot

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Publication number
JPS63207576A
JPS63207576A JP3805187A JP3805187A JPS63207576A JP S63207576 A JPS63207576 A JP S63207576A JP 3805187 A JP3805187 A JP 3805187A JP 3805187 A JP3805187 A JP 3805187A JP S63207576 A JPS63207576 A JP S63207576A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
hollow shaft
motor
ball screw
frame
ball
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP3805187A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
正 宗像
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toshiba Corp
Original Assignee
Toshiba Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toshiba Corp filed Critical Toshiba Corp
Priority to JP3805187A priority Critical patent/JPS63207576A/en
Publication of JPS63207576A publication Critical patent/JPS63207576A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた
め要約のデータは記録されません。
(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔発明の目的〕 (産業上の利用分野) 本発明は産業用ロボットに係り、特にその自由度の構成
に関する。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Object of the Invention] (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to an industrial robot, and particularly to the configuration of its degrees of freedom.

(従来の技術) 産業用ロボットには、多関節形、直角座標形、円筒座標
形、極座標形等の自由度構成があり、各々利害得失があ
る。中でも現在汎用ロボットの主流である多関節形ロボ
ットは、設置面積に比べて動作範囲が広く、回転関節で
駆動されているため電動機駆動に適している。そして、
その構成は第5図aのようにコラム1に対し垂直軸回り
の旋回■、第1アーム2の旋回■、これと平行な軸回り
の第2アーム3の旋回■と手首4の直交3軸回りの自由
度、tv、V、VIで構成される。
(Prior Art) Industrial robots have degrees of freedom configurations such as multi-joint type, rectangular coordinate type, cylindrical coordinate type, and polar coordinate type, each of which has advantages and disadvantages. Among them, articulated robots, which are currently the mainstream of general-purpose robots, have a wide range of motion compared to their installation area, and are driven by rotary joints, making them suitable for electric motor drive. and,
As shown in Figure 5a, the structure consists of a rotation of the column 1 around an axis perpendicular to the column 1, a rotation of the first arm 2, a rotation of the second arm 3 about an axis parallel to this, and three orthogonal axes of the wrist 4. It consists of the degrees of freedom around it, tv, V, and VI.

一方、直角座標形ロボットはアームの3自由度が各々直
交する3方向への直進の自由度で構成しているため、剛
性が高く、しかも動作形態が直観的に分かるので操作容
易である。そしてその構成は第5図すのようにガントリ
ー5上をガータ6がX軸方向に動き、フレーム7がガー
タ6上をY軸方向に直進し、直交3軸回りの自由度IV
、V、VTのある手首4を備えたアーム8がフレームに
対しZ軸方向に昇降する。
On the other hand, a Cartesian coordinate robot has an arm with three degrees of freedom, each of which can move straight in three orthogonal directions, so it is highly rigid and easy to operate because its motion form is intuitively understandable. As shown in Figure 5, the gutter 6 moves on the gantry 5 in the X-axis direction, the frame 7 moves straight on the gutter 6 in the Y-axis direction, and the degree of freedom around three orthogonal axes is IV.
An arm 8 having a wrist 4 with , V, and VT moves up and down in the Z-axis direction with respect to the frame.

(発明が解決しようとする問題点) しかし、従来使われてきた上記の自由度構成には、以下
の問題がある。
(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, the above degree-of-freedom configuration that has been used in the past has the following problems.

まず、多関節形ロボットでは片持ちのリンク連鎖構成の
ため剛性に劣り、更に、第1アーム2と第2アーム3は
お互いに平行な軸■、■回り旋回するためトルク反力と
慣性力が互いに干渉して制御が難しい。又、複雑な作業
を教えるときには、手先の位置姿勢からロボットアーム
全体の動きを推測するのが困灘で操作が難しい。
First, the articulated robot has a cantilevered link chain structure, which makes it inferior in rigidity.Furthermore, since the first arm 2 and second arm 3 rotate around mutually parallel axes (2) and (3), torque reaction force and inertial force are They interfere with each other and are difficult to control. Furthermore, when teaching complicated tasks, it is difficult to estimate the movement of the entire robot arm from the position and orientation of the hand, making it difficult to operate.

一方、直角座標形ロボットでは、動作範囲に比べて設置
面積が大となる。
On the other hand, in a Cartesian coordinate robot, the installation area is larger than the operating range.

更に円筒座標形や極座標形のロボットでは、アーム3軸
の動作は互いに直交した軸方向や軸回りの自由度で構成
され、反力の相互作用、慣性力の相互干渉はなく制御性
に優れ、動作は直観的に分り操作性は良いが、直線動作
をするためにスプラインやリニアガイドとこれを駆動す
るボールスクリュが並列に用いられてデッドスペースが
増え機構の小形化がむつかしい。
Furthermore, in robots with cylindrical coordinates or polar coordinates, the movement of the three axes of the arm is composed of degrees of freedom in the mutually orthogonal axes directions and around the axes, and there is no interaction of reaction forces or mutual interference of inertial forces, resulting in excellent controllability. Although the movement is intuitive and easy to operate, the splines and linear guides and the ball screws that drive them are used in parallel to perform linear movement, which increases dead space and makes it difficult to downsize the mechanism.

本発明の目的は、設置面積が小さく広い動作範囲があり
、トルク反力と慣性力の相互干渉が少なく、動作が直観
的に分り、しかも機構を小形化できる産業用ロボットを
得ることにある。
An object of the present invention is to provide an industrial robot that has a small installation area, has a wide range of motion, has little mutual interference between torque reaction force and inertial force, can intuitively understand its motion, and can have a compact mechanism.

〔発明の構成〕[Structure of the invention]

(問題点を解決するための手段) ベース9に対しモータ11と減速機からなる駆動手段で
旋回可能なフレーム10の上端に、同じくモータ12と
減速機13からなる駆動手段で揺動可能でボールスクリ
ュナツトとボールスプラインベアリングを同軸で回動自
在に支持するとともに、これらを独立に駆動するモータ
25とモータ35と減速機を備えたブラケット15を設
け、外周にボールスクリュ軌道とこれに交差してボール
スプライン軌道を設けた中空軸18を貫通させ、更にそ
の中空軸18の先端に手首4を設け、他端には手首駆動
用モータ37.38を設ける。
(Means for solving the problem) At the upper end of the frame 10, which can be rotated with respect to the base 9 by a driving means consisting of a motor 11 and a speed reducer, there is a ball that can be swung by a driving means consisting of a motor 12 and a speed reducer 13. A bracket 15 is provided that supports the screw nut and the ball spline bearing coaxially and rotatably, and is equipped with a motor 25, a motor 35, and a speed reducer to drive these independently. A hollow shaft 18 provided with a ball spline track passes through the hollow shaft 18, and a wrist 4 is provided at the tip of the hollow shaft 18, and a wrist driving motor 37, 38 is provided at the other end.

(作 用) モータ11とモータ12で第1図1.■で示すように旋
回揺動を行なうブラケット15のモータ25を駆動する
とボールスクリュナツトが回転し、先端に手首4を持つ
中空軸18はその軸心に沿って■で示す前後動作を行な
う。またモータ35を駆動すると減速機を介してボール
スプラインナツトが回動し手首4は中空軸18とともに
その軸心回りに■で示すように回動する。
(Function) Motor 11 and motor 12 operate as shown in Fig. 1. When the motor 25 of the bracket 15, which swings and oscillates as shown by (2), is driven, the ball screw nut rotates, and the hollow shaft 18, which has a wrist 4 at its tip, moves back and forth along its axis as shown by (2). Further, when the motor 35 is driven, the ball spline nut rotates via the speed reducer, and the wrist 4 rotates together with the hollow shaft 18 about its axis as shown by (■).

(実施例) 以下、本発明の一実施例を図面で説明する。第1〜3図
に於て、ベース9に旋回自在に支持されたフレーム10
の下部には、モータ11が図示しない減速機を介して固
着され、そのフレーム10の上部にはモータ12と減速
機13が設けられ、減速機13の出力軸14にはブラケ
ット15が固着されている。一方、外周に第3図a、b
に示すボールスクリュ軌道16とボールスプライン軌道
17が設けられ先端に手首4が固着された中空軸18の
各々の軌道とポール19を介して噛み合うボールスクリ
ュナツト(以下ナツトという。)20、ボールスプライ
ンナツトング(以下ベアリングという。)21は、各々
独立に一対の軸受22と23でブラケット15に回動自
在に支持され、ナツト20にはプリー24が固着されブ
ラシケト15端面に固着されたモータ25の出力軸26
に固着されたプリー27とベルト28を介して連結され
ている。また、ベアリング21には平歯車29が固着さ
れ、ブラケット15の端面に設けられたハーモニックド
ライブ減蓮機(以下減速機という。)30の出力軸31
に固着された平歯車32と噛合う。更に上記減速機30
の入力軸であるウェーブジェネレータ33は、減速機ケ
ース34を介しブラケット15に固着されたモータ35
の出力軸36に固着されている。また中空軸18の後端
部には、モータ37.38が固着されており、図示しな
い伝動手段で手首4の上下振り回転と連動している。
(Example) Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In FIGS. 1 to 3, a frame 10 is rotatably supported on a base 9.
A motor 11 is fixed to the lower part of the frame 10 via a reducer (not shown), a motor 12 and a reducer 13 are provided to the upper part of the frame 10, and a bracket 15 is fixed to the output shaft 14 of the reducer 13. There is. On the other hand, on the outer periphery,
A ball screw nut (hereinafter referred to as the nut) 20 and a ball spline nut are provided with a ball screw raceway 16 and a ball spline raceway 17 as shown in FIG. The tongues (hereinafter referred to as bearings) 21 are rotatably supported on the bracket 15 by a pair of bearings 22 and 23, respectively, and a pulley 24 is fixed to the nut 20, and the output of the motor 25 fixed to the end face of the brushket 15 is supported. axis 26
It is connected via a belt 28 to a pulley 27 fixed to the. Further, a spur gear 29 is fixed to the bearing 21, and an output shaft 31 of a harmonic drive reduction gear (hereinafter referred to as a reduction gear) 30 is provided on the end face of the bracket 15.
It meshes with a spur gear 32 fixed to. Furthermore, the reduction gear 30
The wave generator 33 is an input shaft of a motor 35 fixed to the bracket 15 via a reducer case 34
is fixed to the output shaft 36 of. Further, motors 37 and 38 are fixed to the rear end of the hollow shaft 18, and are linked to the vertical swing rotation of the wrist 4 by a transmission means (not shown).

次に、本実施例の作用を第1〜4図で説明する。Next, the operation of this embodiment will be explained with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.

まず、モータ11を駆動すると、図示しない減速機を介
しベース9に対しフレーム10が■の方向に旋回する。
First, when the motor 11 is driven, the frame 10 pivots in the direction of {circle around (2)} with respect to the base 9 via a speed reducer (not shown).

次にモータ12を駆動すると、減速機13を介してブラ
ケット15と先端に手首4を持つ中空軸18は■の方向
に揺動する。一方、モータ25を駆動すると、ベルト2
8を介しナツト20が回転し、中空軸18は■方向に前
後動する。更にモータ35を駆動すると、減速機30、
平歯車32.29を介しベアリング21はブラケット1
5に対し回動し結果として手首4が中空軸18とともに
その軸心回りに回動する。
Next, when the motor 12 is driven, the bracket 15 and the hollow shaft 18 having the wrist 4 at the tip are swung in the direction of {circle around (2)} via the speed reducer 13. On the other hand, when the motor 25 is driven, the belt 2
8, the nut 20 rotates, and the hollow shaft 18 moves back and forth in the {circle around (2)} direction. When the motor 35 is further driven, the reducer 30,
The bearing 21 is connected to the bracket 1 via the spur gear 32.29.
5, and as a result, the wrist 4 rotates together with the hollow shaft 18 about its axis.

またモータ37.3gを駆動すると、図示しない伝動手
段を経て手首4の上下の振りVと手先回転■の動作を行
なう。このときの動作範囲は第4図に示す扇形ABCD
となる。
Further, when the motor 37.3g is driven, the movements of vertical swinging V of the wrist 4 and rotation of the hand (3) are performed via a transmission means (not shown). The operating range at this time is the sector ABCD shown in Figure 4.
becomes.

このように本実施例によれば、極座標形ロボットの前後
軸にボールスクリュとボールスプラインの機能を兼ねた
中空軸を用いたので、機構全体がコンパクトに構成でき
、しかもアームの3自由度に於ては直交軸回りの旋回揺
動のI、nの動作、直進と旋回のI、IIIの動作に関
してトルクと慣性力の相互干渉が見られず、唯一干渉の
ある直進と揺動のn、nrの動作でも第■の動作軸14
に対し中空軸18のオフセット量を小さくすれば、小さ
な値に制限できる。一方ロボットの動作は直線的で直線
的予測ができ操作性が良い。
In this way, according to this embodiment, a hollow shaft that functions as both a ball screw and a ball spline is used for the front and rear axes of the polar coordinate robot, so the entire mechanism can be constructed compactly, and the three degrees of freedom of the arm can be In this case, no mutual interference between torque and inertial force was observed for the I and n motions of turning and swinging around the orthogonal axes, and the I and III motions of straight-ahead and turning, and the only interference was in the n and nr of straight-line and swinging. Even in the operation of
On the other hand, if the amount of offset of the hollow shaft 18 is made small, it can be limited to a small value. On the other hand, the robot's motion is linear, linearly predictable, and has good operability.

尚、本実施例ではブラケット15の揺動のための駆動手
段をモータ12と減速機13で構成したが、モータとボ
ールスクリュを用いたクランク機構で構成しても良い。
In this embodiment, the driving means for swinging the bracket 15 is composed of the motor 12 and the reducer 13, but it may be composed of a crank mechanism using a motor and a ball screw.

又、図中■の動作のための駆動系にハーモニックドライ
ブの減速機を用いたが、他の減速機でも良い。
Further, although a harmonic drive speed reducer is used as the drive system for the operation shown in the figure, other speed reducers may be used.

〔発明の効果〕〔Effect of the invention〕

以上説明したように本発明によれば、極座標形ロボット
の前後動作軸と手首回転軸に、外周にボールスクリュ軌
道とこれに交差してボールスプライン軌道を設けた単一
の中空軸を用いたので、動作領域が広く機構がコンパク
トで設置面積が小さく、トルク反力と慣性力の相互干渉
がなく、動作形態が直観的に分かり操作性のよい産業用
ロボットを得ることができる。
As explained above, according to the present invention, a single hollow shaft having a ball screw track on the outer periphery and a ball spline track intersecting this is used for the longitudinal movement axis and the wrist rotation axis of the polar coordinate robot. It is possible to obtain an industrial robot with a wide operating range, a compact mechanism, a small installation area, no mutual interference between torque reaction force and inertial force, and an intuitively understandable operating mode and good operability.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図は本発明の産業用ロボットの一実施例を示す斜視
図、第2図は第1図の要部を示す部分断面図、第3図は
第2図の部分断面詳細図、第4図は本発明の作用を示す
動作説明図、第5図(a) (b)は従来例を示す全体
図である。 4・・・手首         9・・・ベース10・
・・フレーム       11,12,25,35,
37.38・・・モータ15・・・ブラケット    
  16・・・ボールスクリュ軌道17・・ボールスプ
ライン軌道 18・・・中空軸20・・・ボールスクリ
ュナツト 21・・・ボールスプラインベアリング代理人 弁理士
 則 近 憲 佑 同  三俣弘文 第  1 図 (α) 第  3 図 第  4 図
1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the industrial robot of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a partial sectional view showing the main part of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a detailed partial sectional view of FIG. 2, and FIG. The figures are operation explanatory diagrams showing the effects of the present invention, and FIGS. 5(a) and 5(b) are general views showing a conventional example. 4... Wrist 9... Base 10.
...Frame 11, 12, 25, 35,
37.38...Motor 15...Bracket
16...Ball screw raceway 17...Ball spline track 18...Hollow shaft 20...Ball screw nut 21...Ball spline bearing agent Patent attorney Noriyuki Chika Yudo Hirofumi Mitsumata Figure 1 (α) Figure 3 Figure 4

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] ベースと、このベースに対し旋回自在なフレームと、こ
のフレーム上部で前記旋回と直交方向に揺動自在なブラ
ケットと、これらを各々駆動する駆動手段と、前記ブラ
ケットにその揺動の軸と直交した軸に沿って同軸で且つ
各々独立に回動自在に支持されたボールスクリュナット
とボールスプラインベアリングと、各々を独立に回転駆
動する駆動手段と、前記ボールスクリュナットとボール
スプラインベアリングを共に貫通して外周にボールスク
リュ軌道とこれと交差してボールスプライン軌道を設け
た中空軸と、この中空軸の先端に固着され中空軸に設け
られた駆動手段で駆動される手首装置とからなる産業用
ロボット。
a base, a frame that is rotatable with respect to the base, a bracket that is movable at the top of the frame in a direction perpendicular to the pivoting direction, a driving means for driving each of these, and a frame that is rotatable with respect to the base, and a drive means that drives each of these; A ball screw nut and a ball spline bearing coaxially and independently rotatably supported along a shaft, a driving means for independently rotating each of the bearings, and a driving means that passes through both the ball screw nut and the ball spline bearing. An industrial robot consisting of a hollow shaft having a ball screw track on its outer periphery and a ball spline track intersecting with the ball screw track, and a wrist device fixed to the tip of the hollow shaft and driven by a drive means provided on the hollow shaft.
JP3805187A 1987-02-23 1987-02-23 Industrial robot Pending JPS63207576A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP3805187A JPS63207576A (en) 1987-02-23 1987-02-23 Industrial robot

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP3805187A JPS63207576A (en) 1987-02-23 1987-02-23 Industrial robot

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS63207576A true JPS63207576A (en) 1988-08-26

Family

ID=12514720

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP3805187A Pending JPS63207576A (en) 1987-02-23 1987-02-23 Industrial robot

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS63207576A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2889986A1 (en) * 2005-08-31 2007-03-02 Applic Ind Et Thermiques Ait S Rod introduction device for e.g. boiler, has translation unit with rack arranged longitudinally on rod and rotated by pinion driven by gear motor, where pinion pivots rod from its rest position towards waiting position
JP2009058460A (en) * 2007-09-03 2009-03-19 Nec Tokin Corp Antenna elevator and spurious radiation electromagnetic wave measurement system using same

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2889986A1 (en) * 2005-08-31 2007-03-02 Applic Ind Et Thermiques Ait S Rod introduction device for e.g. boiler, has translation unit with rack arranged longitudinally on rod and rotated by pinion driven by gear motor, where pinion pivots rod from its rest position towards waiting position
JP2009058460A (en) * 2007-09-03 2009-03-19 Nec Tokin Corp Antenna elevator and spurious radiation electromagnetic wave measurement system using same

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