JPS63179753A - Drop on-demand ink jet head - Google Patents

Drop on-demand ink jet head

Info

Publication number
JPS63179753A
JPS63179753A JP1164287A JP1164287A JPS63179753A JP S63179753 A JPS63179753 A JP S63179753A JP 1164287 A JP1164287 A JP 1164287A JP 1164287 A JP1164287 A JP 1164287A JP S63179753 A JPS63179753 A JP S63179753A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
piezoelectric element
pressure chamber
ink droplet
mode
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP1164287A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Ryosuke Uematsu
上松　良介
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NEC Corp
Original Assignee
NEC Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NEC Corp filed Critical NEC Corp
Priority to JP1164287A priority Critical patent/JPS63179753A/en
Publication of JPS63179753A publication Critical patent/JPS63179753A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/015—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process
    • B41J2/04—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand
    • B41J2/045—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand by pressure, e.g. electromechanical transducers
    • B41J2/04501—Control methods or devices therefor, e.g. driver circuits, control circuits
    • B41J2/04581—Control methods or devices therefor, e.g. driver circuits, control circuits controlling heads based on piezoelectric elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/015—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process
    • B41J2/04—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand
    • B41J2/045—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand by pressure, e.g. electromechanical transducers
    • B41J2/04501—Control methods or devices therefor, e.g. driver circuits, control circuits
    • B41J2/04588—Control methods or devices therefor, e.g. driver circuits, control circuits using a specific waveform
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/015—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process
    • B41J2/04—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand
    • B41J2/045—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand by pressure, e.g. electromechanical transducers
    • B41J2/04501—Control methods or devices therefor, e.g. driver circuits, control circuits
    • B41J2/04593—Dot-size modulation by changing the size of the drop
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/14—Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
    • B41J2002/14338—Multiple pressure elements per ink chamber

Landscapes

  • Particle Formation And Scattering Control In Inkjet Printers (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To inject an ink droplet different in a volume using one head without changing the flight speed of the ink droplet, by driving a piezoelectric element by the drive signal coinciding with the phase of a mode. CONSTITUTION:When a drive pulse is applied to each piezoelectric element, pressure inherent vibration of a tertiary mode is selectively excited in a pressure chamber. By this vibration, the pressure of a nozzle part also coincides with an inherent cycle to rise and fall and an ink droplet is formed. When a drive pulse having a phase coinciding with the half cycle of the inherent cycle r5 of a pentamery mode is applied to each piezoelectric element, the pressure inherent vibration of the pentamery mode is selectively excited in the pressure chamber. By this method, the ink droplet is also formed but, since the inherent cycle r5 of the pentamery mode is shorter than the inherent cycle r3 of the tertiary mode, the ink droplet having a volume smaller than that of the ink droplet formed in the tertiary mode is formed. By this method, the phase of the drive pulse applied to each piezoelectric element is controlled to make it possible to inject the ink droplet different in a volume.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は、情報処理装置のデータ出力を行なうためのプ
リンタに関し、詳しくは印字を行なうためのドロップオ
ンデマンドインクジェットヘッドに関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a printer for outputting data from an information processing device, and more particularly to a drop-on-demand inkjet head for printing.

〔従来の技術〕[Conventional technology]

従来、この種のヘッドの一例として、第５図（ａ）。 An example of a conventional head of this type is shown in FIG. 5(a).

（ｂ）　、　（Ｃ）に示すものが既に知られている。同
図（ａ）は平面図を、Φ）は弾性プレート４を除いた平
面図を、（Ｃ）はそのＢ　−Ｂ’断面図を示す。これは
、電気機械変換手段として、例えば圧電素子３を用い、
圧電素子３０両電極面に記録信号に応じた電圧を印加す
ることによシ、圧電素子３を伸縮変化させて、弾性プレ
ート４をたわませ、弾性プレート４と基板とで形成され
た圧力室２の容積変化を生じせしめる。この容積変化に
よシ、圧力室２の内圧を瞬時に上昇させ、ノズル１よシ
インク滴を噴射することができる。このインク滴が、媒
体上に付着することＫよシ、記録が行なわれる。印加電
圧除去後は、弾性プレート４は時間の経過と共に、初め
の状態に復帰する。この様な構成のヘッドの例としては
、特公昭５８−１２１３８号公報等が挙げられる。Those shown in (b) and (C) are already known. 3(a) is a plan view, Φ) is a plan view with the elastic plate 4 removed, and (C) is a sectional view taken along line B-B'. This uses, for example, a piezoelectric element 3 as the electromechanical conversion means,
By applying a voltage according to the recording signal to both electrode surfaces of the piezoelectric element 30, the piezoelectric element 3 is expanded and contracted, and the elastic plate 4 is deflected, thereby creating a pressure chamber formed by the elastic plate 4 and the substrate. This causes a volume change of 2. Due to this volume change, the internal pressure of the pressure chamber 2 can be instantly increased, and the nozzle 1 can eject a droplet of ink. Recording is performed when these ink droplets adhere to the medium. After the applied voltage is removed, the elastic plate 4 returns to its initial state over time. An example of a head having such a structure is disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 12138/1983.

〔発明が解決しようとする問題点〕[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

この様な構成のヘッドにおいて、同じヘッドを用いて体
積の異なるインク滴を噴射させようとする場合、圧電素
子に印加する駆動パルスのパルス幅を変化させて、イン
ク滴の体積を変える方法が一般的であるが、この方法で
は、インク滴の体積を変化させた場合インク滴の飛翔速
度も変化してしまう問題があった。また、この問題を解
決するために空気流を用いてインク滴速度を安定化する
方法も提案されているが、ヘッドの構成が複雑になるの
みならず空気ポンプ等の余分な装置が必要となるため好
ましくなかった。When trying to eject ink droplets with different volumes using the same head in a head configured like this, a common method is to change the volume of the ink droplets by changing the pulse width of the drive pulse applied to the piezoelectric element. However, this method has a problem in that when the volume of the ink droplet is changed, the flying speed of the ink droplet also changes. Additionally, to solve this problem, a method of stabilizing the ink droplet velocity using airflow has been proposed, but this not only complicates the head configuration but also requires extra equipment such as an air pump. I didn't like it because of that.

本発明の目的は、インク滴飛翔速度を変えることなく、
インク滴体積を変化させることが可能なドロップオンデ
マンドインクジェットヘッドを提供することである。The purpose of the present invention is to
An object of the present invention is to provide a drop-on-demand inkjet head capable of changing ink droplet volume.

〔問題点を解決するための手段〕[Means for solving problems]

本発明は、少なくとも、圧力室と、前記圧力室の一端に
設けられたノズルと、前記圧力室の容積変化を生じさせ
るために取り付けた圧電素子を電気信号を印加すること
で圧力室の容積変化を瞬時に生じ、噴射圧を発生させて
、インク滴を噴射するドロップオンデマンドインクジェ
ットヘッドにおいて、圧力室内で発生する圧力固有振動
の振動モードのうちの複数の任意のモードの波形におけ
る振幅の腹の部分のうちのいくつかに対応する位置に、
それぞれの節の部分で分割された複数個の圧電素子が取
り付けられていることを特徴とするドロップオンデマン
ドインクジェットヘッドである。The present invention provides a method for changing the volume of a pressure chamber by applying an electrical signal to at least a pressure chamber, a nozzle provided at one end of the pressure chamber, and a piezoelectric element attached to cause a volume change of the pressure chamber. In a drop-on-demand inkjet head that instantaneously generates an ejection pressure and ejects an ink droplet, the antinode of the amplitude in the waveform of any one of the vibration modes of the pressure natural oscillation that occurs within the pressure chamber. At positions corresponding to some of the parts,
This is a drop-on-demand inkjet head characterized in that a plurality of piezoelectric elements divided at each node are attached.

〔実施例〕〔Example〕

次に、本発明の実施例について、図面を参照しながら説
明する。Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

第１図が本発明の実施例を示す図である。同図（ａ）は
平面図を、Φ）は弾性プレート４を除いた平面図を、（
Ｃ）はそのＡ−Ａ断面図を示す。ヘッドは、ノズル１、
圧力室２、オリフィス５、及び、インク溜６を構成する
ノズルプレート７、ノズルプレート７と共に圧力室を構
成する弾性プレート４．０２枚のプレートを接合し、圧
力室の真上に圧電素子α）３１、圧電素子ｏ３２、圧電
素子…３３、圧電水−７４ｖ）３４を貼シ付けて形成さ
れている。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention. (a) is a plan view, Φ) is a plan view with the elastic plate 4 removed, (
C) shows the AA cross-sectional view. The head has nozzle 1,
Nozzle plate 7 which constitutes pressure chamber 2, orifice 5, and ink reservoir 6; Elastic plate 4 which constitutes a pressure chamber together with nozzle plate 7. Two plates are joined, and a piezoelectric element α) is placed directly above the pressure chamber. 31, piezoelectric element o32, piezoelectric element...33, piezoelectric water-74v) 34 are pasted and formed.

第２図は、このヘッドにおける圧力固有振動の３次及び
５次のモードと、ヘッドの形状及び圧電素子取付位置と
の位置関係を示しておシ、圧電素子α）３１〜（ＩＶ）
３４は、このモードの節の部分を境界とし、腹の部分に
対応する位置に貼り付けられている。１つのドツトに対
する各記録信号に対応して、圧電素子α）３１−４Ｖ）
３４１Ｃ第３図に示されるようなタイミングで電圧を印
加すると、圧電素子α）３１〜ｍ１３４が伸縮変化し、
弾性プレート４を撓ませ、圧力室２の容積変化を生じる
。この容積変化によシ、圧力室２の内圧は瞬時に上昇し
。Figure 2 shows the positional relationship between the 3rd and 5th modes of natural pressure vibration in this head, the shape of the head, and the mounting position of the piezoelectric elements.
34 is pasted at a position corresponding to the antinode part with the node part of this mode as the boundary. Corresponding to each recording signal for one dot, the piezoelectric element α)31-4V)
341C When a voltage is applied at the timing shown in Fig. 3, the piezoelectric elements α) 31 to m134 expand and contract,
The elastic plate 4 is bent, causing a change in the volume of the pressure chamber 2. Due to this change in volume, the internal pressure of the pressure chamber 2 instantly rises.

ノズル１よりインク滴が噴射される。ここで、特に１第
２図に示されている３次モードの固有周期ｒｓの半周期
と一致するような位相を有する駆動パルス、例えば第３
図に示されるような駆動パルスを各圧電素子に印加する
と、圧力室内には、３次モードの圧力固有振動が選択的
に励起される。Ink droplets are ejected from the nozzle 1. Here, in particular, a drive pulse having a phase that coincides with a half period of the natural period rs of the third mode shown in FIG.
When a drive pulse as shown in the figure is applied to each piezoelectric element, a third-order mode pressure natural vibration is selectively excited within the pressure chamber.

これによシノズル部の圧力も固有周期と一致して上昇下
降し、インク滴が形成される。As a result, the pressure in the nozzle also rises and falls in accordance with the natural period, and ink droplets are formed.

一方、ｆＪｃ２図に示されている５次モードの固有周期
ｒ、の半周期と一致するような位相を有する駆動パルス
、例えば第４図に示されるような駆動パルスを各圧電素
子に印加した場合には、圧力室内には、５次モードの圧
力固有振動が選択的に励起される。これによυ、やはシ
インク滴が形成されるが、５次モードの固有周期ｒ、は
、３次モードの固有周期ｒｊ　と比べて短いために、３
次モードで形成された場合よシも小さい体積のインク滴
が形成される。On the other hand, when a drive pulse having a phase matching the half period of the natural period r of the fifth-order mode shown in Fig. fJc2, for example, a drive pulse as shown in Fig. 4, is applied to each piezoelectric element. In this case, a fifth-order mode pressure natural vibration is selectively excited within the pressure chamber. As a result, υ or a sink droplet is formed, but since the natural period r of the 5th mode is shorter than the natural period rj of the 3rd mode, 3
Ink drops of smaller volume are formed than if formed in the following mode.

このようにして各圧電素子に与える駆動パルスの位相を
制御することによシ、異なった滴径のインク滴を噴射さ
せることが可能となる。この時、駆動パルスのピーク電
圧を変化させることによシ、インク滴速度を制御するこ
とができるため、二つのモードのどちらの場合に本同じ
速度でインク滴を噴射させることができる。その際、ど
ちらの場合にも、圧電素子の位置、及び駆動パルスの位
相によって、圧力室内に励起されるモードは制御されて
いるので、形成されるインク滴の体積は、駆動パルスの
ピーク電圧にほとんど影響されない。By controlling the phase of the drive pulse applied to each piezoelectric element in this manner, it becomes possible to eject ink droplets of different diameters. At this time, since the ink droplet speed can be controlled by changing the peak voltage of the drive pulse, the ink droplets can be ejected at the same speed in either of the two modes. In both cases, the mode excited in the pressure chamber is controlled by the position of the piezoelectric element and the phase of the drive pulse, so the volume of the ink droplet formed depends on the peak voltage of the drive pulse. Almost unaffected.

この実施例において、圧力固有振動の腹の部分に一致す
るように圧電素子を取りつける圧力室の振動モードが二
つであること、そして、そのモードが３次モードと５次
モードであること、取りつけられる圧電素子の枚数が４
枚であること、及び、圧電素子の駆動信号が第３図及び
第４図に示されているものであることは、本発明の構成
を限定するものではない。In this example, the pressure chamber in which the piezoelectric element is mounted so as to match the antinode of the pressure natural vibration has two vibration modes, and the modes are the third-order mode and the fifth-order mode. The number of piezoelectric elements used is 4.
The configuration of the present invention is not limited to the fact that the piezoelectric element is made of a single sheet and that the drive signal for the piezoelectric element is as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.

〔発明の効果〕〔Effect of the invention〕

本発明は、以上説明したように、圧力室内で発生するの
圧力固有振動の振動モードのうちの複数の任意のモード
の波形における振幅の腹の部分のうちのいくつかに対応
する位置に、それらのモードの節の部分で分割された複
数個の圧電素子を取り付け、それらのモードの位相に一
致する駆動信号によって前記圧電素子を駆動することに
より、一つのヘッドを用いて、インク滴飛翔速度を変え
ることなく、異なった体積のインク滴を噴射することが
できるという効果を有するものである。As explained above, the present invention provides vibration modes of pressure natural oscillations occurring within a pressure chamber at positions corresponding to some of the antinodes of amplitude in the waveform of a plurality of arbitrary modes. By attaching a plurality of piezoelectric elements divided by the nodes of the modes and driving the piezoelectric elements with drive signals that match the phases of those modes, it is possible to control the flying speed of ink droplets using one head. This has the effect that ink droplets of different volumes can be ejected without changing the volume.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第１図（ａ）、Φ）　、　（Ｃ）は、本発明の実施例を
示す図であ！Ｄ、（ａ）は平面図を、（ｂ）は弾性プレ
ートを除いた平面図を、（Ｃ）はＡ−λ断面図を示す。 第２図は。 実施例における圧力固有振動の３次のモード及び５次の
モードと、ヘッドの形状及び圧電素子取付位置との位置
関係を示す図。第３図は、実施例において大きいインク
滴を噴射させる場合に圧電素子に与える駆動信号を示す
図であシ、第４図は、実施例において小さいインク滴を
噴射させる場合に圧電素子に与える駆動信号を示す図で
ある。第５図（ａ）　、　（ｂ）　、　（Ｃ）は、従来
のドロップオンデマンドインクジェットヘッドの構成を
示しており、（ａ）は平面図を、Φ）は弾性プレートを
除いた平面図を、（Ｃ）はＢ　−Ｂ’断面図を示す。 図において、１で・・・・・ノズル、２・・・・・・圧
力室、３・・・・・・圧電素子、４・・・・・・弾性プ
レート、５・・・・・・オリフィス、６・・・・・・イ
ンク溜、７・・・・・・ノズルプレート、３１〜３４・
・・・・・圧電素子α）卓を示す。 ’％ｊ、／ 茅　ｌ　　閃 （Ｃ） ｆＳでｔ子（Ｕ （ｂ） 第　５　閃 （αンFIGS. 1(a), Φ), and (C) are diagrams showing embodiments of the present invention! D, (a) shows a plan view, (b) shows a plan view with the elastic plate removed, and (C) shows a sectional view taken along A-λ. Figure 2 is. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the positional relationship between the 3rd mode and 5th mode of pressure natural vibration, the shape of the head, and the mounting position of the piezoelectric element in the example. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the drive signal applied to the piezoelectric element when ejecting a large ink droplet in the example, and FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the drive signal applied to the piezoelectric element when ejecting a small ink droplet in the example. It is a figure which shows a signal. 5(a), (b), and (C) show the configuration of a conventional drop-on-demand inkjet head, where (a) is a plan view, Φ) is a plan view with the elastic plate removed, (C) shows a BB' cross-sectional view. In the figure, 1...nozzle, 2...pressure chamber, 3...piezoelectric element, 4...elastic plate, 5...orifice , 6... Ink reservoir, 7... Nozzle plate, 31-34.
...Piezoelectric element α) table is shown. '%j, / 茅 l flash (C) fS de t child (U (b) 5th flash (αn

Claims (2)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] （１）圧力室と、前記圧力室の一端に設けられたノズル
と、前記圧力室の容積変化を生じさたるために取り付け
た圧電素子と具備し、前記圧電素子に電気信号を印加す
ることで圧力室の容積変化を瞬時に生じ、噴射圧を発生
させて、インク滴を噴射するドロップオンデマンドイン
クジェットヘッドにおいて、圧力室内で発生する圧力固
有振動の振動モードのうちの任意に選択された複数のモ
ードの波形における振幅の腹の部分のうちのいくつかに
対応する位置に、それらのモードの節の部分で分割され
た複数個の圧電素子が取り付けられていることを特徴と
するドロップオンデマンドインクジェットヘッド。(1) A pressure chamber, a nozzle provided at one end of the pressure chamber, and a piezoelectric element attached to cause a change in volume of the pressure chamber, and by applying an electric signal to the piezoelectric element. In a drop-on-demand inkjet head that instantaneously changes the volume of a pressure chamber, generates an ejection pressure, and ejects an ink droplet, a plurality of arbitrarily selected vibration modes of natural pressure vibrations occurring within the pressure chamber are used. A drop-on-demand inkjet characterized in that a plurality of piezoelectric elements divided by node portions of the modes are attached to positions corresponding to some of the antinodes of amplitude in the waveforms of the modes. head. （２）前記複数個の圧電素子が、前記複数のモードの振
動波形と一致した位相で駆動される、特許請求範囲（１
）項記載のドロップオンデマンドインクジェットヘッド
。(2) The plurality of piezoelectric elements are driven with a phase matching the vibration waveforms of the plurality of modes.
Drop-on-demand inkjet head described in ).
JP1164287A 1987-01-20 1987-01-20 Drop on-demand ink jet head Pending JPS63179753A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP1164287A JPS63179753A (en) 1987-01-20 1987-01-20 Drop on-demand ink jet head

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP1164287A JPS63179753A (en) 1987-01-20 1987-01-20 Drop on-demand ink jet head

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS63179753A true JPS63179753A (en) 1988-07-23

Family

ID=11783606

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP1164287A Pending JPS63179753A (en) 1987-01-20 1987-01-20 Drop on-demand ink jet head

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS63179753A (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH07202284A (en) * 1993-11-26 1995-08-04 Ngk Insulators Ltd Piezoelectric/electrostriction film element
JP2004140397A (en) * 1993-11-26 2004-05-13 Ngk Insulators Ltd Piezoelectric/electrostrictive film element
WO2004085833A1 (en) * 2003-03-27 2004-10-07 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Liquid-jetting device
US7264339B2 (en) 2002-10-29 2007-09-04 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Droplet ejecting apparatus

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH07202284A (en) * 1993-11-26 1995-08-04 Ngk Insulators Ltd Piezoelectric/electrostriction film element
JP2004140397A (en) * 1993-11-26 2004-05-13 Ngk Insulators Ltd Piezoelectric/electrostrictive film element
US7264339B2 (en) 2002-10-29 2007-09-04 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Droplet ejecting apparatus
WO2004085833A1 (en) * 2003-03-27 2004-10-07 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Liquid-jetting device

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