JPS6317315B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPS6317315B2
JPS6317315B2 JP55177997A JP17799780A JPS6317315B2 JP S6317315 B2 JPS6317315 B2 JP S6317315B2 JP 55177997 A JP55177997 A JP 55177997A JP 17799780 A JP17799780 A JP 17799780A JP S6317315 B2 JPS6317315 B2 JP S6317315B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
dust
soot
liquid fuel
combustion
fuel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP55177997A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS57102993A (en
Inventor
Kaname Kawaguchi
Jun Kashiwada
Kazuhiko Tanimoto
Koichi Kazama
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chubu Electric Power Co Inc
Original Assignee
Chubu Electric Power Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chubu Electric Power Co Inc filed Critical Chubu Electric Power Co Inc
Priority to JP17799780A priority Critical patent/JPS57102993A/en
Publication of JPS57102993A publication Critical patent/JPS57102993A/en
Publication of JPS6317315B2 publication Critical patent/JPS6317315B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

この発明は液体燃料を使用しているボイラーや
加熱炉などで、燃焼過程において発生するばいじ
んを抑制する方法に関するものである。 液体燃料の燃焼過程で発生するばいじんは、炭
化水素の未燃分である未燃カーボンが主体となつ
ており、燃焼排ガスと共に大気中に排出される。 この排出されるばいじんを減少させるには、燃
焼方法を改善し未燃カーボンの発生を少なくする
方法および発生したばいじんを除去装置により減
少せしめる方法がある。 液体燃料の燃焼により発生するばいじんは、燃
焼する際に過剰空気率が少なくなると増加するた
め、ばいじんを減少するためには空気量を多くし
なければならない。しかし空気量を増加すると空
気量の増加分は乾き排ガス損失を増加し、ボイラ
ーや加熱炉の熱効率が低下することとなるので必
ずしも適切な方法と言えない。 またばいじんを減少するために行われている燃
料油と水のエマルジヨン燃焼は、ボイラーや加熱
炉の形態により、添加した水の蒸発潜熱に依る水
分損失の増加分が、ばいじんの減少による過剰空
気の低減に伴う乾き排ガスの損失の減少分を上回
り、熱効率の低下を生じる場合がある。 さらにばいじんの減少作用を有する有機あるい
は無機化合物よりなる添加剤を液体燃料に添加し
てばいじんの発生を抑制する方法があるが、この
方法に使用される添加剤は、ばいじんの減少を目
的として界面活性剤、溶剤および特殊の添加成分
などを組成して製造されている。しかしばいじん
の減少のみを目的として製造された添加剤はその
用途が限定されているので経済的に不利な場合が
多い。 以上記載したような状況に鑑み、この発明は極
めて簡易な方法でばいじんの発生を著しく減少さ
せ、経済性に優れ、しかも熱効率の低下等の他の
副作用が生じないばいじん低減燃焼方法を目的と
したものである。 即ちこの発明はばいじん減少剤として製造、用
途が限定されていないアルカリ土類金属を含有す
るアニオン界面活性剤の燃焼促進作用に着目し
て、これを燃料油に対し1/500〜1/10000注入し、
簡易に撹拌混合することにより、発生するばいじ
んの大半を占める未燃カーボンを著しく減少さ
せ、燃焼排ガス中のばいじん濃度を1/2〜1/4に減
少させることが出来るものである。 アルキルベンゼンスルフオン酸の中和反応によ
り、アルカリ土類金属のカルシウム、マグネシウ
ムおよびバリウムなどを化合して得られるアニオ
ン界面活性剤は、アルキルベンゼンスルフオン酸
に基づく親油性を有し、コロイド溶液であるため
液体燃料に添加した場合、分散性が極めてよい。 一方液体燃料そのものは非極性であるが、高分
子の炭化水素は極性を保有するため、アニオン界
面活性剤の親油部分は、炭化水素より構成されて
いる液体燃料に対し非極性化の作用をなし、分散
性を向上してスラツジの形成を抑制する。 アニオン界面活性剤を原液の状態あるいは、非
極性溶剤で希釈して、液体燃料に対し1/500〜1/1
0000の割合で注入すると、液体燃料はバーナーよ
り噴霧された場合、油滴の表面張力の減少に基づ
き、粒径は2〜3%減少するが、この程度の粒径
の微細化では燃焼性は向上せず、ばいじんの減少
は得られない。むしろこのアニオン界面活性剤を
液体燃料に注入した場合のばいじんの減少作用は
有機結合しているアルカリ土類金属が、炭化水素
の過飽和な状態から析出する未燃分をイオン化せ
しめて、分子間に相互反発力を与え、気相から析
出する未燃カーボンの発生を抑制するために生じ
るのである。 アニオン界面活性剤による燃焼促進作用を燃焼
性がよいボイラーや加熱炉について、更に高度に
ばいじんが減少することを要求される場合に適用
するためには、アルカリ土類金属の比表面積が大
きく、反応性に富んでいなければならない。従つ
て炭酸カルシウムや水酸化マグネシウムの様な無
機質の状態では、粒子の細かさに限界を生じるた
め、比表面積が不足して燃焼促進作用を充分に発
揮することが不可能である。また燃焼促進作用を
増大させる目的で、アニオン界面活性剤中のアル
カリ土類金属の含有率を増加した場合、燃焼残渣
となつたアルカリ土類金属が、未燃カーボンの減
少分を上回りばいじん濃度を減少することが不可
能となる。またアルカリ土類金属の含有率が多く
なるとボイラー内部にアルカリ土類金属が堆積し
て、窒素酸化物濃度を増加させたり、バーナーや
付属機器の詰りや摩耗を誘起する。 しかしながらこの発明で使用するアニオン界面
活性剤に含まれるカルシウム、マグネシウムおよ
びバリウムなどのスルフオン酸塩は、コロイド状
で微細であるためアルカリ金属の含有率は10%未
満で十分であり、また液体燃料に対してアニオン
界面活性剤の添加割合を微量にしても充分な効果
を発生することが可能である。 またこの発明のアニオン界面活性剤を形成する
スルフオン酸は、石油スルフオン酸、炭素数12〜
25個を有するモノアルキルベンゼンスルフオン
酸、若しくはジアルキルベンゼンスルフオン酸な
どであり、洗浄剤、農薬の乳化剤その他に広く用
いられている汎用性の高いものである。 次にこの発明の適用方法について、図面を参照
して説明する。液体燃料は燃料ポンプ1により加
圧され、燃料配管を経て圧力噴霧バーナ、蒸気噴
霧バーナあるいはローターバーナ2に到達する
が、これらのバーナ2に達する過程で、アニオン
界面活性剤をポンプ3により注入し、その後撹拌
型ミキサあるいは静止型ミキサ4を通して混合を
行う。 アニオン界面活性剤は分散性が良いため、ミキ
サ4を通過する際に生じる圧力損失は微少であつ
ても十分な混合状態が得られ、液体燃料の燃焼過
程でばいじんの減少作用を十分に発揮することが
できる。 また上記適用例に代えて、液体燃料のタンク内
に予めアニオン界面活性剤を入れてこれを撹拌、
混合せしめてもよく、他の適宜の方法で液体燃料
がバーナ2に達するまでにアニオン界面活性剤を
注入、混合せしめればよい。 次に一つの実施例を示す。下表は圧力バーナを
用い重油予熱温度を80℃、空気予熱温度を300℃、
排ガス中O2濃度を1.0%の条件で、混合器として
静止型ミキサを使用した場合におけるばいじん濃
度および窒素酸化物(NOx)濃度を示したもの
である。なおばいじん濃度はJISI型円形ろ紙法に
より、NOx濃度は化学発光測光式分析計により
測定した。
This invention relates to a method for suppressing soot and dust generated during the combustion process in boilers, heating furnaces, etc. that use liquid fuel. The soot and dust generated during the combustion process of liquid fuel is mainly composed of unburned carbon, which is the unburned portion of hydrocarbons, and is emitted into the atmosphere together with combustion exhaust gas. In order to reduce the amount of soot and dust emitted, there are two methods: improving the combustion method to reduce the generation of unburned carbon, and using a removal device to reduce the amount of soot and dust generated. The amount of soot and dust generated by combustion of liquid fuel increases when the excess air rate decreases during combustion, so the amount of air must be increased in order to reduce the amount of soot and dust. However, increasing the amount of air increases dry exhaust gas loss and reduces the thermal efficiency of the boiler or heating furnace, so this is not necessarily an appropriate method. In addition, emulsion combustion of fuel oil and water, which is carried out to reduce soot and dust, depends on the form of the boiler and heating furnace. The decrease in dry exhaust gas loss due to reduction may be exceeded, resulting in a decrease in thermal efficiency. Furthermore, there is a method of suppressing the generation of soot and dust by adding additives made of organic or inorganic compounds that have the effect of reducing soot and dust to liquid fuel. It is manufactured by combining an activator, a solvent, and special additive ingredients. However, additives produced solely for the purpose of reducing soot and dust have limited uses and are often economically disadvantageous. In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, the present invention aims to provide a combustion method for reducing soot and dust that significantly reduces the generation of soot and dust using an extremely simple method, is highly economical, and does not cause other side effects such as a decrease in thermal efficiency. It is something. That is, this invention focuses on the combustion promoting effect of an anionic surfactant containing an alkaline earth metal, which is produced as a dust reducing agent and whose use is not limited, and injects 1/500 to 1/10000 of this into fuel oil. death,
By simply stirring and mixing, it is possible to significantly reduce unburned carbon, which accounts for most of the generated soot and dust, and reduce the soot and dust concentration in combustion exhaust gas to 1/2 to 1/4. Anionic surfactants obtained by combining alkaline earth metals such as calcium, magnesium, and barium through the neutralization reaction of alkylbenzenesulfonic acids have lipophilic properties based on the alkylbenzenesulfonic acids and are colloidal solutions. When added to liquid fuel, it has extremely good dispersibility. On the other hand, liquid fuel itself is non-polar, but polymeric hydrocarbons have polarity, so the lipophilic part of the anionic surfactant has a non-polarizing effect on liquid fuel composed of hydrocarbons. None, improves dispersibility and suppresses sludge formation. The anionic surfactant can be used as a undiluted solution or diluted with a non-polar solvent to a ratio of 1/500 to 1/1 of the liquid fuel.
When the liquid fuel is injected at a ratio of There is no improvement and no reduction in soot and dust is achieved. Rather, the effect of reducing soot and dust when this anionic surfactant is injected into liquid fuel is that the organically bound alkaline earth metal ionizes the unburned matter that precipitates from the supersaturated state of hydrocarbons, and This occurs in order to provide mutual repulsion and suppress the generation of unburned carbon that precipitates from the gas phase. In order to apply the combustion promoting effect of anionic surfactants to boilers and heating furnaces with good combustibility, in cases where even greater reduction of soot and dust is required, alkaline earth metals have a large specific surface area and are highly reactive. It must be rich in sexuality. Therefore, in an inorganic state such as calcium carbonate or magnesium hydroxide, there is a limit to the fineness of the particles, and the specific surface area is insufficient, making it impossible to fully exhibit the combustion promoting effect. In addition, when the content of alkaline earth metals in anionic surfactants is increased for the purpose of increasing the combustion promotion effect, the alkaline earth metals that become combustion residues exceed the amount of unburned carbon that is reduced, resulting in a decrease in dust concentration. It becomes impossible to decrease. Furthermore, if the content of alkaline earth metals increases, the alkaline earth metals will accumulate inside the boiler, increasing the concentration of nitrogen oxides and causing clogging and wear of burners and attached equipment. However, since the sulfonates such as calcium, magnesium and barium contained in the anionic surfactant used in this invention are colloidal and fine, an alkali metal content of less than 10% is sufficient; On the other hand, even if the proportion of anionic surfactant added is reduced to a very small amount, sufficient effects can be produced. The sulfonic acid forming the anionic surfactant of this invention is petroleum sulfonic acid, carbon number 12-
It is a monoalkylbenzenesulfonic acid or dialkylbenzenesulfonic acid having 25 alkyl atoms, and is highly versatile and widely used as a detergent, an emulsifier for agricultural chemicals, and other uses. Next, a method of applying the present invention will be explained with reference to the drawings. The liquid fuel is pressurized by a fuel pump 1 and reaches a pressure spray burner, a steam spray burner, or a rotor burner 2 via a fuel pipe. In the process of reaching these burners 2, an anionic surfactant is injected by a pump 3. Then, mixing is performed through an agitating mixer or a static mixer 4. Since the anionic surfactant has good dispersibility, even if the pressure loss that occurs when passing through mixer 4 is small, a sufficient mixing state can be obtained, and it sufficiently exhibits the effect of reducing soot and dust during the combustion process of liquid fuel. be able to. Alternatively, in place of the above application example, an anionic surfactant may be placed in advance in the liquid fuel tank and stirred.
Alternatively, the anionic surfactant may be injected and mixed using any other appropriate method before the liquid fuel reaches the burner 2. Next, one example will be shown. The table below shows heavy oil preheating temperature using a pressure burner at 80℃, air preheating temperature at 300℃,
The figure shows the soot and dust concentration and nitrogen oxide (NOx) concentration when a static mixer is used as a mixer under the condition that the O 2 concentration in the exhaust gas is 1.0%. The dust concentration was measured using the JISI circular filter method, and the NOx concentration was measured using a chemiluminescence photometer.

【表】 上記表に示すとおり、液体燃料にC重油−1を
使用した場合では、この発明の界面活性剤を添加
した場合は添加しなかつた場合と比べると52%も
ばいじんは低減し、C重油−2の場合では51%、
C重油−3の場合では32%とばいじんは低減して
おり、アニオン界面活性剤の注入によりばいじん
濃度の減少が著しいことが分る。しかも界面活性
剤の添加率は極めて小さい。またNOx濃度を増
加するような傾向も見られなかつた。 上記の如く、この発明は液体燃料油にカルシウ
ム、マグネシウム、バリウムなどのアルカリ土類
金属をスルフオン酸塩として含有するアニオン界
面活性剤を注入し、液料油全体に分散させた後に
燃焼することに依り、ばいじんの発生を大きく抑
制することが出来るものであつて、従来考えられ
た過剰空気の供給、燃料油と水のエマルジヨン燃
焼、ばいじん減少のみを目的とする有機あるいは
無機化合物よりなる添加剤の使用等の場合の欠点
を除去し、ばいじんの発生を著しく抑制するとと
もに熱効率の低下、窒素酸化物の濃度の増加等の
副作用を生じさせず、しかも汎用性のある物質を
使用するため極めて経済性に富んでいる等の効果
を有するものである。
[Table] As shown in the above table, when C heavy oil-1 is used as liquid fuel, when the surfactant of this invention is added, compared to when it is not added, soot and dust are reduced by 52%, and C In the case of heavy oil-2, 51%;
In the case of C heavy oil-3, the soot and dust was reduced by 32%, and it can be seen that the injection of anionic surfactant significantly reduced the soot and dust concentration. Moreover, the addition rate of surfactant is extremely small. There was also no tendency to increase NOx concentration. As described above, the present invention involves injecting an anionic surfactant containing alkaline earth metals such as calcium, magnesium, and barium as sulfonate into liquid fuel oil, dispersing it throughout the liquid oil, and then combusting it. Therefore, it is possible to greatly suppress the generation of soot and dust, and the conventional methods of supplying excess air, burning an emulsion of fuel oil and water, and adding additives made of organic or inorganic compounds for the sole purpose of reducing soot and dust have been improved. It eliminates disadvantages during use, significantly suppresses the generation of soot and dust, does not cause side effects such as a decrease in thermal efficiency or an increase in the concentration of nitrogen oxides, and is extremely economical because it uses a versatile material. It has the effect of being rich in

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

図はこの発明の方法を示す説明図である。 なお図中1は燃料ポンプ、2はバーナ、3はポ
ンプ、4はミキサである。
The figure is an explanatory diagram showing the method of this invention. In the figure, 1 is a fuel pump, 2 is a burner, 3 is a pump, and 4 is a mixer.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 原油および原油より精製された液体燃料など
を燃焼するに際し、該燃料油にカルシウム、マグ
ネシウム、バリウムなどのアルカリ土類金属をス
ルフオン酸塩として含有するアニオン界面活性剤
を注入し、混合して燃料中に分散させた後に燃焼
させることを特徴とする界面活性剤によるばいじ
ん低減燃焼方法。
1. When burning crude oil or liquid fuel refined from crude oil, anionic surfactants containing alkaline earth metals such as calcium, magnesium, and barium as sulfonate salts are injected into the fuel oil and mixed to produce fuel. A combustion method for reducing soot and dust using a surfactant, which is characterized in that it is dispersed in a surfactant and then combusted.
JP17799780A 1980-12-18 1980-12-18 Low sooty combustion by use of surfactant Granted JPS57102993A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP17799780A JPS57102993A (en) 1980-12-18 1980-12-18 Low sooty combustion by use of surfactant

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP17799780A JPS57102993A (en) 1980-12-18 1980-12-18 Low sooty combustion by use of surfactant

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS57102993A JPS57102993A (en) 1982-06-26
JPS6317315B2 true JPS6317315B2 (en) 1988-04-13

Family

ID=16040732

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP17799780A Granted JPS57102993A (en) 1980-12-18 1980-12-18 Low sooty combustion by use of surfactant

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS57102993A (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61166886A (en) * 1985-01-18 1986-07-28 Nippon Oil Co Ltd Gasoline composition

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5396006A (en) * 1977-02-02 1978-08-22 Sankyo Yuki Gosei Kk Additive for fuel oil containing oil-soluble metal salt as active ingredien t

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5396006A (en) * 1977-02-02 1978-08-22 Sankyo Yuki Gosei Kk Additive for fuel oil containing oil-soluble metal salt as active ingredien t

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS57102993A (en) 1982-06-26

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