JPS6055086A - Improvement of combustion by addition of surfactant - Google Patents

Improvement of combustion by addition of surfactant

Info

Publication number
JPS6055086A
JPS6055086A JP16328583A JP16328583A JPS6055086A JP S6055086 A JPS6055086 A JP S6055086A JP 16328583 A JP16328583 A JP 16328583A JP 16328583 A JP16328583 A JP 16328583A JP S6055086 A JPS6055086 A JP S6055086A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
dust
liquid fuel
soot
combustion
fuel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP16328583A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Kazuhiko Tanimoto
谷本 和彦
Koichi Kazama
風間 公一
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chubu Electric Power Co Inc
Original Assignee
Chubu Electric Power Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chubu Electric Power Co Inc filed Critical Chubu Electric Power Co Inc
Priority to JP16328583A priority Critical patent/JPS6055086A/en
Publication of JPS6055086A publication Critical patent/JPS6055086A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/02Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To reduce amts. of soot and dust without causing any decrease in thermal efficiency, by dispersing alkylbenzenesulfonate in crude oil and refined liquid fuel to be burned. CONSTITUTION:Crude oil or liquid fuel refined therefrom is sent into a mixer 4 by means of a pump 1 and alkylbenzenesulfonate as surfactant is fed by means of a pump 3 for mixing and dispersion. The fuel is then fed into a burner 2 for combustion. The alkylbenzenesulfonate is added in an amount of about 1/500- 1/10,000 of the liquid fuel. The action of alkylbenzenesulfonate decreases the amt. of unburned carbon in exhaust gas and reduces the concn. of soot and dust to 1/2-1/4.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は液体燃料を使用しているボイラーや加熱炉など
の燃焼過程で生成するばいじんを抑制する方法に関する
ものである。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for suppressing soot and dust generated during the combustion process of boilers, heating furnaces, etc. that use liquid fuel.

本発明者らは、液体燃料にカルシウム、マグネシウム、
バリウムなどのアルカリ土類金属をスルフォン酸塩とし
て含有するアニオン界面活性剤を添加しばいじんを低減
する方法を発明(特開、昭jt7−102タタ3)した
The present inventors have discovered that calcium, magnesium,
He invented a method for reducing dust by adding an anionic surfactant containing an alkaline earth metal such as barium as a sulfonate (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2002-102010-102 Tata 3).

液体燃料の燃焼過程で発生するばいじんは炭化水素の未
燃分である未燃カーボンが主体となっており、この未燃
分を減少させるため、液体燃料にアニオン界面活性剤を
容積比でi/so。
The soot and dust generated during the combustion process of liquid fuel is mainly composed of unburned carbon, which is the unburned part of hydrocarbons.In order to reduce this unburned part, an anionic surfactant is added to the liquid fuel at a volume ratio of i / So.

〜///QOOO添加し、混合して分散させた後に燃焼
すると、燃焼排ガス中のばいじん濃度は//2〜//<
tに減少させることができた。また液体燃料の油種によ
っては90%以上のばいじんが減少することを確認した
。その結果低02燃焼が可能になり、ばいじんとNOx
を同時に低減することができた。
~///QOOO is added, mixed and dispersed, and then combusted, the concentration of soot and dust in the combustion exhaust gas will be //2~//<
It was possible to reduce it to t. It was also confirmed that depending on the type of liquid fuel, soot and dust could be reduced by more than 90%. As a result, low 02 combustion is possible, reducing soot and NOx.
could be reduced at the same time.

ばいじんの減少作用は主として有機結合しているアルカ
リ土類金属が炭化水素の過飽和な状態から析出する未燃
カーボンをイオン化せしめて分子間に相互反発力を与え
、カーボン粒子の凝集を抑制し燃えきり性を向上させる
ためであり、未燃カーボンの生成の減少に至るものであ
る。
The effect of reducing soot and dust is mainly due to the fact that organically bound alkaline earth metals ionize unburned carbon that precipitates from supersaturated hydrocarbons, creating mutual repulsion between molecules, suppressing agglomeration of carbon particles, and burning out the carbon particles. This is to improve performance and reduce the production of unburned carbon.

一方カルシウム、マグネシウム、バリウムなどを含有す
るアニオン界面活性剤はアルキル基に基づく親油性があ
るため、液体燃料に添加した場合分散性が極めて良好で
あり、したがって添加蓋が微量でも著しい効果が得られ
る。添加量はアニオン界面活性剤の燃焼tこよりアルカ
リ土類金稿が灰分となるため微量であることが条件であ
る。
On the other hand, anionic surfactants containing calcium, magnesium, barium, etc. have lipophilic properties based on alkyl groups, so they have extremely good dispersibility when added to liquid fuel, so even a small amount of additive can produce a remarkable effect. . The addition amount must be very small since the alkaline earth metal becomes ash due to combustion of the anionic surfactant.

このようにしてアルカリ土類金属を含有するアニオン界
面活性剤によりばいじん濃度を著しく減少できた。
In this way, the soot and dust concentration could be significantly reduced by using anionic surfactants containing alkaline earth metals.

近年火力発電プラントを始め大型ボイラには。In recent years, it has been used in large boilers including thermal power plants.

排ガス中の窒素酸化物を減少させるため脱硝装置を設置
する場合が多い。脱硝装置は通常バナジウム、モリブデ
ンなどの触媒を使用し、アンモニアを還元剤として選択
的にNOxと反応させNOxを窒素と水に分解する方法
が普及している。
Denitration equipment is often installed to reduce nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas. A commonly used method for denitration equipment is to use a catalyst such as vanadium or molybdenum to selectively react with NOx using ammonia as a reducing agent to decompose NOx into nitrogen and water.

この触媒に対しアルカリ金属のNa、に等は被毒作用の
あることが知られている。一方アニオン界面活性剤に含
有するカルシウム、マグネシウム、バリウムなどのアル
カリ土類金属はアルカリ金属に比べ活性が低いため触媒
に対する被毒作用は少ないと考えられるが、ばいじんの
一部として触媒の表面に付着した場合、燃焼ガスの触媒
への接触率が減少するため、脱硝率を低下することが予
想される。
It is known that alkali metals such as Na, etc. have a poisoning effect on this catalyst. On the other hand, alkaline earth metals such as calcium, magnesium, and barium contained in anionic surfactants have lower activity than alkali metals and are thought to have little poisoning effect on the catalyst, but they adhere to the surface of the catalyst as part of soot and dust. In this case, it is expected that the rate of contact of combustion gas with the catalyst will decrease, resulting in a decrease in the denitrification rate.

このような状況を鑑みこの発明は脱硝触媒の性能低下を
来たさず、ばいじんの発生を著しく減少させ経済性に優
れ、しかも熱効率の低下が生じないばいじん低減燃焼方
法を目的としたものである。
In view of these circumstances, the present invention aims to provide a combustion method for reducing soot and dust that does not cause a deterioration in the performance of the denitrification catalyst, significantly reduces the generation of soot and dust, is excellent in economic efficiency, and does not cause a decrease in thermal efficiency. .

すなわち本発明はばいじん減少剤として、アあるアルキ
ルベンゼンスルフォン酸の燃シ用に着目して、これを燃
料油に対し//soo〜l//QOOO添加し、簡易に
攪拌混合することにより生成するばいじんの大半を占め
る未燃カーボンを著しく減少させ、燃焼排ガス中のばい
じん濃度を//コ〜//4tに減少させることかできる
ものである。
That is, the present invention focuses on the use of a certain alkylbenzene sulfonic acid for combustion as a dust reducing agent, and adds //soo~l//QOOOO of this to fuel oil and easily stirs and mixes the resulting soot and dust. It is possible to significantly reduce unburned carbon, which accounts for the majority of carbon, and to reduce the soot and dust concentration in combustion exhaust gas to //4 tons.

アルキルベンゼンスルフォン酸はベンゼンにドデシル基
(C+2H25)などのアルキル基な結合してスルフォ
ン化されたもので、一般にアニオン界面活性剤の合成原
料となる。アルキルベンゼンスルフォン酸はアルキル基
に基づく親油性を有し、燃料油に添加した場合分散性が
極めて良好である。
Alkylbenzene sulfonic acid is a sulfonated product obtained by bonding an alkyl group such as a dodecyl group (C+2H25) to benzene, and is generally used as a raw material for the synthesis of anionic surfactants. Alkylbenzenesulfonic acids have lipophilic properties based on alkyl groups, and have extremely good dispersibility when added to fuel oil.

アルキルベンゼンスルフォン酸を原液の状態あるいは非
極性溶液で希釈して液体燃料に対し//s o o〜/
/10.000の割合で添加すると、バーナより噴霧さ
れた液体燃料の油滴粒径は表面張力の減少に基づき減少
し、空気との接触面積の増加により燃焼性は若干向上す
る。一方アルキルベンゼンスルフオン酸として有機結合
している硫黄は、未燃カーボンの生成過程でカーボンの
集合体であるコークス内に析出し、コークスの組織を微
細化し、熱的強度を低下させ脆くさせる。脆くなったコ
ークスはボイラーや加熱炉で燃えきり性が向にし、未燃
カーボンとなって析出するーが減少すると推定される。
Alkylbenzene sulfonic acid can be used as a neat solution or diluted with a non-polar solution for liquid fuel //s o o~/
When added at a ratio of /10.000, the oil droplet size of the liquid fuel sprayed from the burner decreases due to the decrease in surface tension, and the combustibility improves slightly due to the increase in the contact area with air. On the other hand, sulfur organically bound as alkylbenzene sulfonic acid precipitates in coke, which is an aggregate of carbon, during the production process of unburned carbon, refines the structure of coke, lowers its thermal strength, and makes it brittle. It is estimated that the brittle coke is more likely to burn out in boilers and heating furnaces, and the amount of unburned carbon that precipitates is reduced.

本発明のアルキルベンゼンスルフォン酸は石油スルフメ
ン酸、炭素数72〜.23個を有するモ4− ノアルキルベンゼンスルフオン酸、もしくはジアルキル
ベンゼンスルフォン酸などであす、乳化剤の原料などに
使用されており用途が広いため他の添加剤に比べて汎用
性があり安価で経済性に優れている。
The alkylbenzene sulfonic acid of the present invention is petroleum sulfmenic acid having 72 to 72 carbon atoms. 4-Noalkylbenzenesulfonic acid or dialkylbenzenesulfonic acid, which has 23 molecules, is used as a raw material for emulsifiers and has a wide range of uses, making it more versatile, cheaper, and more economical than other additives. Excellent.

次に本発明の適用方法について図面を参照して説明する
。液体燃料は燃料ポンプ/により加圧され燃料配管を紅
て圧力噴霧バーナ、蒸気噴霧バーナするいはロータリー
バーナコに到達するが、これらのバーナに達する過程で
、アルキルベンゼンスルフォン酸をポンプ3によす注入
し、その後攪拌型ミキサあるいは静止型ミキサクラ通し
て混合を行う。アルキルベンゼンスルフォン酸は分散性
が良いため、ミキサを通過する際に生じる圧力損失は微
少であっても十分な混合状態が得られ、液体燃料の燃焼
過程でばいじんの減少作用を十分に発揮することができ
る。
Next, a method of applying the present invention will be explained with reference to the drawings. The liquid fuel is pressurized by a fuel pump/fuel pipe and reaches a pressure spray burner, a steam spray burner, or a rotary burner, but in the process of reaching these burners, alkylbenzene sulfonic acid is supplied to pump 3. Inject and then mix through an agitation mixer or static mixer. Because alkylbenzene sulfonic acids have good dispersibility, even if the pressure loss that occurs when passing through the mixer is small, a sufficient mixing state can be obtained, and it can sufficiently reduce dust during the combustion process of liquid fuel. can.

また上記適用例に代えて、液体燃料のタンク内にあらか
じめアルキルベンゼンスルフォン酸を入れてこれを攪拌
、混合せしめてもよく、他4− の適宜の方法で液体燃料がバーナに達するまでにアルキ
ルベンゼンスルフォン酸を添加、混合せI7めればJ二
い。
In addition, instead of the above application example, the alkylbenzenesulfonic acid may be added to the liquid fuel tank in advance and stirred and mixed, or the alkylbenzenesulfonic acid may be mixed with the liquid fuel by the time the liquid fuel reaches the burner. Add and mix I7 and J2.

次に一つの実施例を示す。下表は圧力噴霧バーナな用い
液体燃料の動粘度が、2&cStに相当する温度に予熱
し、空気予熱温度を300℃。
Next, one example will be shown. The table below shows the pressure spray burner used in which the kinematic viscosity of the liquid fuel used is preheated to a temperature corresponding to 2&cSt, and the air preheating temperature is 300°C.

排ガス中の02濃度を//〜/−一の条件で、混合器と
して静止型ミキサを使用した場合におけるばいじん濃度
および窒素酸化物(No工)濃度を示したものである。
The graph shows the soot and dust concentration and the nitrogen oxide (No.

なおばいじん濃度はJISl形円形ろ組法により、 N
oX濃度は化学発光測光式分析計により測定した。
The dust concentration was calculated using the JIS l type circular filter method.
The oX concentration was measured using a chemiluminescence photometer.

上記表に示すとおり、液体燃料にC重油−/を使用した
場合9本発明の界面活性剤を添加すると添加しなかった
場合に比べばいじん濃度は、47%減少し、C重油−2
の場合では3乙チ。
As shown in the table above, when C heavy oil is used as liquid fuel, the dust concentration decreases by 47% when the surfactant of the present invention is added compared to when it is not added.
In the case of , it is 3 ochi.

原油の場合では2乙チ減少した。またNOx濃度が増加
するような傾向は見られなかった。
In the case of crude oil, it decreased by 2 otchi. Moreover, no tendency for the NOx concentration to increase was observed.

上記のごとく1本発明は液体燃料にアルキルベンゼンス
ルフォン酸を添加し、燃料油全体に分散させた後に燃焼
することにより、ばいじんの発生を大幅に抑制すること
ができるものであって、従来考えられていた過剰空気の
供給、燃料油と水のエマルジョン燃焼、アルカリ土類金
属を含有する界面活性剤添加等による燃焼改善の欠点を
除去し、ばいじんの発生を著しく抑制するとともに熱効
率の低下、窒素酸化物の増加などの副作用を生じさせず
、しかも汎用性のある物質を使用するため経済性に優れ
ているなどの効果を有するものである。
As mentioned above, the present invention adds alkylbenzene sulfonic acid to liquid fuel, disperses it throughout the fuel oil, and then burns it, thereby making it possible to significantly suppress the generation of soot and dust, which has not been previously thought possible. This eliminates the shortcomings of combustion improvements such as supplying excess air, emulsion combustion of fuel oil and water, and adding surfactants containing alkaline earth metals, significantly suppressing the generation of soot and dust, reducing thermal efficiency, and reducing nitrogen oxides. It does not cause any side effects such as an increase in the amount of alcohol, and it is economical because it uses a versatile substance.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

図は本発明の方法を示している。なお図中/は燃料ポン
プ1.2はバーナ、3は界面活性剤注入ポンプ、グはミ
キサである。 −デ − 第1 固
The figure illustrates the method of the invention. Note that / in the figure represents a fuel pump 1, 2 represents a burner, 3 represents a surfactant injection pump, and G represents a mixer. -D - 1st hard

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 原油および原油より精製された液体燃料などを燃焼する
に際し、該燃料油にアルキルベンゼンをスルフォン化し
た界面活性剤のアルキルベンゼンスルフォン酸を添加し
、混合して燃料中に分散させた後に燃焼させることを特
徴とする界面活性剤によるばいじん低減燃焼方法。
When burning crude oil or liquid fuel refined from crude oil, alkylbenzene sulfonic acid, a surfactant made by sulfonating alkylbenzene, is added to the fuel oil, mixed and dispersed in the fuel, and then burned. A combustion method for reducing soot and dust using surfactants.
JP16328583A 1983-09-07 1983-09-07 Improvement of combustion by addition of surfactant Pending JPS6055086A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP16328583A JPS6055086A (en) 1983-09-07 1983-09-07 Improvement of combustion by addition of surfactant

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP16328583A JPS6055086A (en) 1983-09-07 1983-09-07 Improvement of combustion by addition of surfactant

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS6055086A true JPS6055086A (en) 1985-03-29

Family

ID=15770908

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP16328583A Pending JPS6055086A (en) 1983-09-07 1983-09-07 Improvement of combustion by addition of surfactant

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS6055086A (en)

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