JPS63159855A - Electrophotographic positive charge sensitive body and its image forming process - Google Patents

Electrophotographic positive charge sensitive body and its image forming process

Info

Publication number
JPS63159855A
JPS63159855A JP30968986A JP30968986A JPS63159855A JP S63159855 A JPS63159855 A JP S63159855A JP 30968986 A JP30968986 A JP 30968986A JP 30968986 A JP30968986 A JP 30968986A JP S63159855 A JPS63159855 A JP S63159855A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
layer
photoreceptor
ctm
charge
compd
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP30968986A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH061384B2 (en
Inventor
Kiyoshi Tamaki
玉城 喜代志
Koichi Kudo
浩一 工藤
Yoshihiko Eto
嘉彦 江藤
Yoshiaki Takei
武居 良明
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Konica Minolta Inc
Original Assignee
Konica Minolta Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Konica Minolta Inc filed Critical Konica Minolta Inc
Priority to JP30968986A priority Critical patent/JPH061384B2/en
Publication of JPS63159855A publication Critical patent/JPS63159855A/en
Publication of JPH061384B2 publication Critical patent/JPH061384B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03GELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02Charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/04Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
    • G03G5/06Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
    • G03G5/0622Heterocyclic compounds
    • G03G5/0624Heterocyclic compounds containing one hetero ring
    • G03G5/0627Heterocyclic compounds containing one hetero ring being five-membered
    • G03G5/0633Heterocyclic compounds containing one hetero ring being five-membered containing three hetero atoms
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03GELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02Charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/04Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
    • G03G5/05Organic bonding materials; Methods for coating a substrate with a photoconductive layer; Inert supplements for use in photoconductive layers
    • G03G5/0503Inert supplements
    • G03G5/051Organic non-macromolecular compounds
    • G03G5/0521Organic non-macromolecular compounds comprising one or more heterocyclic groups

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve the UV ray resisting property, the durability and the sensitivity of the titled body by incorporating a specific compd. to the electrophotographic sensitive body. CONSTITUTION:The electrophotographic sensitive body comprises the positive charge photosensitive body layer which contains an electric charge generating substance (CGM) and an electric charge transfer substance (CTM) is provided on a conductive substrate body. The titled body contains the compd. shown by formula I wherein A is oxygen or sulfur atom, R and R1 are each alkyl, alkenyl or aralkyl group or an another org. group shown by formula II. The photosensitive body layer provided on the substrate body may be composed of a monolayer structure formed by mixing CTM and CGM or a plural layer structure formed by laminating a layer contg. CTM as an lower layer and a layer contg. CGM as an upper layer. If necessary, a protective layer may be provided on the titled body. The compd. I is incorporated to at least one layer of the photosensitive body layer, and preferably the surface of the titled body. The compounding amount of said compd. is 0.1-100wt.% based on CTM. In case that said compd. is incorporated in the protective layer, the compounding amount of said compd. is 0.1-100wt.% based on a binder resin.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は電子写真感光体に関し、特に正帯電用感光体に
関する。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor, and particularly to a positively charging photoreceptor.

〔従来の技術〕[Conventional technology]

従来、例えば電子写真感光体としては、セレン、酸化亜
鉛、硫化カドミウム等の無機光導電性物質を含有する感
光体層を有する感光体が広く用いられている。
Conventionally, for example, as an electrophotographic photoreceptor, a photoreceptor having a photoreceptor layer containing an inorganic photoconductive substance such as selenium, zinc oxide, or cadmium sulfide has been widely used.

一方、種々の有機光導電性物質を電子写真感光体の感光
体層の材料として利用することが近年活発に研究、開発
されている。
On the other hand, the use of various organic photoconductive substances as materials for photoreceptor layers of electrophotographic photoreceptors has been actively researched and developed in recent years.

例えば特公昭50−10496号には、ポリ−N−ビニ
ルカルバゾールと2.4.7−ドリニトロー9−フルオ
レノンを含aした感光体層を有する有機感光体について
記載されている。しかしこの感光体は、感度及び耐久性
において必ずしも満足できるものではない。このような
欠点を改善するために、感光体層において、電荷発生機
能と電荷輸送機能とを異なる物質に個別に分担させるこ
とにより、感度が高くて耐久性の大きい有機感光体を開
発する試みがなされている。
For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 50-10496 describes an organic photoreceptor having a photoreceptor layer containing poly-N-vinylcarbazole and 2,4,7-dolinitro-9-fluorenone. However, this photoreceptor is not necessarily satisfactory in sensitivity and durability. In order to improve these drawbacks, attempts have been made to develop organic photoreceptors with high sensitivity and durability by assigning charge generation and charge transport functions to different materials in the photoreceptor layer. being done.

このような、いわば機能分離型の電子写真感光体におい
ては、各機能を発揮する物質を広い範囲のらのから選択
することができるので、任意の特性を存する電子写真感
光体を比較的容易に作製することが可能である。
In such so-called function-separated type electrophotographic photoreceptors, it is possible to select substances that exhibit each function from a wide range of materials, so it is relatively easy to create an electrophotographic photoreceptor with arbitrary characteristics. It is possible to create one.

こうした機能分離型の電子写真感光体に有効な電荷発生
物質として、従来数多くの物質が提案されている。無機
物質を用いる例としては、特公昭43−16198号に
記載されているように、無定形セレンがあり、これは有
機電荷輸送物質と組合される。
Many substances have been proposed as charge-generating substances that are effective for such functionally separated electrophotographic photoreceptors. An example of using an inorganic material is amorphous selenium, which is combined with an organic charge transport material, as described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 43-16198.

また、n機染料や打機顔料を電荷発生物質として用いた
電子写真感光体も多敢堤案されており、例えば、ビスア
ゾ化合物を含有する感光体層をqするものは、特開昭4
7−37543号、同55−22834号、同54−7
9632号、同56−116040号等により既に知ら
れている。尚これらの有機光導電性物質は通常負帯電感
光体に使用されていて、その理由は、負帯電使用の場合
には、電荷のうちホールの移動度が大きいことから、光
感度等の而で打利なためである。
Furthermore, electrophotographic photoreceptors using n-machine dyes and percussion pigments as charge-generating substances have also been proposed.
No. 7-37543, No. 55-22834, No. 54-7
It is already known from No. 9632, No. 56-116040, etc. These organic photoconductive materials are usually used in negatively charged photoreceptors, and the reason for this is that when negatively charged, the mobility of holes among the charges is large, which causes problems such as photosensitivity. This is because it is profitable.

しかしながら、このような負帯電使用では、帯電器によ
る負帯電時に雰囲気中にオゾンが発生し易くなり、環境
条件を悪くするという問題がある。
However, when using such negative charging, there is a problem that ozone is likely to be generated in the atmosphere during negative charging by the charger, which worsens the environmental conditions.

さらに他の問題は、負帯電用感光体の現像には正極性の
トナーが必要となるが、正極性のトナーは強磁性体電荷
粒子に対する摩擦帯電系列からみて製造が困難であるこ
とである。
Still another problem is that positive polarity toner is required for development of negatively charged photoreceptors, but positive polarity toner is difficult to manufacture in view of the triboelectric charging sequence with respect to ferromagnetic charged particles.

そこで、有機光導電性物質を用いる感光体を正帯電で使
用することが提案されている。例えば、電荷発生層上に
電荷輸送層を積層して感光体を形成する際、感光体表面
の正電荷を能率よく打消すため前記電荷輸送層に電子輸
送能の大きい、例えばトリニトロフルオレノン等が使用
される。しかし該物質には発癌性があり、労働衛生上極
めて不適当である等の問題を生ずる。
Therefore, it has been proposed to use a positively charged photoreceptor using an organic photoconductive substance. For example, when forming a photoreceptor by laminating a charge transport layer on a charge generation layer, a material having a high electron transport ability, such as trinitrofluorenone, is added to the charge transport layer in order to efficiently cancel the positive charge on the surface of the photoreceptor. used. However, the substance is carcinogenic and causes problems such as being extremely inappropriate in terms of occupational hygiene.

さらに正帯電感光体として、米国特許3,615,41
4号には、チアピリリウム塩(?li荷発荷物生物質ポ
リカーボネート(バインダ樹脂)と共晶錯体を形成する
ように含有させたものが示されている。しかしこの公知
の感光体では、メモリ現象が大きく、ゴーストら発生し
易いという欠点がある。又米国特許3,357,989
号にも、フタロシアニンを含有せしめた感光体が示され
ているが、フタロシアニンは結晶型によって特性が変化
する上に、結晶型を厳密に制御しなければならないとい
う難点があり、かつメモリ現象が大きく、短波長感度が
低いため前記短波長を含む可視光を光源とする複写機に
は不適当である。
Furthermore, as a positively charged photoreceptor, U.S. Patent No. 3,615,41
No. 4 discloses a product in which thiapyrylium salt (?li) is contained to form a eutectic complex with polycarbonate (binder resin), a cargo material.However, in this known photoreceptor, the memory phenomenon occurs. It has the disadvantage that it is large and easily generates ghosts.Also, US Pat. No. 3,357,989
The issue also shows a photoreceptor containing phthalocyanine, but phthalocyanine has the disadvantage that its properties change depending on the crystal type, the crystal type must be strictly controlled, and the memory phenomenon is large. , because of its low short wavelength sensitivity, it is unsuitable for copying machines that use visible light including the short wavelengths as a light source.

このように正帯電用感光体を得るための試みが種々行な
われているが、いずれも光感度、メモリ現象又は労働衛
生等の点で改善すべき多くの問題点がある。
Although various attempts have been made to obtain positive charging photoreceptors, all of them have many problems that need to be improved in terms of photosensitivity, memory phenomenon, labor hygiene, etc.

そこで光照射時ポール及び電子を発生する電荷発生物質
を含有する電荷発生層を」二層(表面層)とし、ホール
輸送機能を育する電荷輸送物質を含む電荷輸送層を下層
とする積層構成の感光体層を有する感光体を正帯電用と
して使用することが考えられる。さらに又、前記電荷発
生物質と前記電荷輸送物質を含む単層構成の感光体層を
有する感光体ら正帯電用として使用可能と考えられる。
Therefore, a laminated structure is adopted in which the charge generation layer containing a charge generation substance that generates poles and electrons when irradiated with light is a two-layer (surface layer), and the charge transport layer containing a charge transport substance that develops hole transport function is the lower layer. It is possible to use a photoreceptor having a photoreceptor layer for positive charging. Furthermore, it is considered that a photoreceptor having a single-layered photoreceptor layer containing the charge generating substance and the charge transporting substance can be used for positive charging.

なおかかる正帯電用とされろ感光体においては、構造中
に例えば電子吸引性塙を何する電荷発生物質を用いるよ
うにすれば、感光体表面の正電荷を打消すための電子の
移動が早くなり、高感度特性が得られることか考えられ
ろ。
In addition, in such a positively charged photoreceptor, if a charge-generating substance, such as an electron-attracting material, is used in the structure, the movement of electrons to cancel the positive charge on the surface of the photoreceptor can be made faster. Think about whether you can obtain high sensitivity characteristics.

しかしながら、前記正帯電用感光体はいずれら7ri荷
発生物質を含む層が表面層として形成されるため、光照
射特に紫外線等の短波光照射、コロナ放電、湿度、機械
的摩擦等の外部作用に脆弱な電荷発生物質が前記表面層
近傍に存在することとなリ、感光体の保存中及び像形成
の過程で電子写真性能が劣化し、画質が低下するように
なる。
However, since each of the positive charging photoreceptors has a layer containing a 7ri charge-generating substance formed as a surface layer, it is susceptible to external effects such as light irradiation, particularly short wave light irradiation such as ultraviolet rays, corona discharge, humidity, and mechanical friction. The presence of fragile charge-generating substances in the vicinity of the surface layer deteriorates electrophotographic performance during storage of the photoreceptor and during image formation, leading to a decrease in image quality.

従来の電荷輸送層を表面層とする負帯電用感光体におい
ては、前記各種の外部作用の影響は極めて少なく、むし
ろ前記電荷輸送層が下層の電荷発生層を保護する作用を
有している。
In a negative charging photoreceptor having a conventional charge transport layer as a surface layer, the effects of the various external effects described above are extremely small, and rather the charge transport layer has the effect of protecting the underlying charge generation layer.

そこで、例えば絶縁性かつ透明な樹脂から成る薄い保護
層を設け、前記電荷発生物質を含む層を外部作用から保
護することが考えられるが、光照射時発生ずる電荷が該
保護層でブロッキングされて光照射効果が失なわれてく
るし、また表面層となる保護層の膜厚が厚い場合には感
度低下を招き、剰え紫外線遮断効果も少いので、外部作
用からの遮蔽、特に紫外線からの保護を単なる保護層だ
け(こ委ねることはできない。
Therefore, it is conceivable to provide a thin protective layer made of an insulating and transparent resin to protect the layer containing the charge-generating substance from external effects, but the protective layer may block the charges generated during light irradiation. The effect of light irradiation will be lost, and if the protective layer that forms the surface layer is too thick, the sensitivity will decrease and the effect of blocking excess ultraviolet rays will be small, so shielding from external effects, especially protection from ultraviolet rays, cannot be left as just a protective layer.

〔発明の目的〕[Purpose of the invention]

本発明の目的は、電荷発生物質(CGMと標記)及び電
荷輸送物質(CTMと標記)を含んでなり正帯電性感光
体層を有し、紫外線耐性のよい高感度で耐久性の大きい
電子写真正帯電感光体を提供することにある。
An object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive material that has a positively charged photoreceptor layer containing a charge generating material (referred to as CGM) and a charge transporting material (referred to as CTM), has good ultraviolet resistance, is highly sensitive, and is highly durable. An object of the present invention is to provide a positively charged photoreceptor.

〔発明の構成および作用効果〕[Structure and effects of the invention]

前記した本発明の目的は、導電性支持体上にCTM及び
CGMを含んでなる層を有する電子写真感光体に於て、
下記一般式で表される化合物を含有することを特徴とす
る電子写真正帯電感光体によって達成される。
The object of the present invention described above is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a layer containing CTM and CGM on a conductive support,
This is achieved by an electrophotographic positively charged photoreceptor characterized by containing a compound represented by the following general formula.

一般式 式中、Aは酸素または硫黄原子を表す。R及びR1はア
ルキル、アリール、アルケニルまたは各基を表す。
In the general formula, A represents an oxygen or sulfur atom. R and R1 represent alkyl, aryl, alkenyl or each group.

本発明に係る導電性支持体上に設ける感光体層は、CT
M及びCGMを混和した単層構成でもよいし、CTMを
含む層を下層としCGMを含む層を上層とする複層構成
でもよい、また必要に応じて保護層(OCLと標記)を
設けてもよい。
The photoreceptor layer provided on the conductive support according to the present invention is CT
It may have a single-layer structure in which M and CGM are mixed, or it may have a multi-layer structure in which a layer containing CTM is a lower layer and a layer containing CGM is an upper layer, or a protective layer (marked as OCL) may be provided as necessary. good.

本発明に係る化合物は前記の少くとも一層に添加される
が感光体層表層に添加されることが好ま1、い。尚表層
に最も濃密に、内部にゆくに従って逓減させる形態であ
ってもよい。
The compound according to the present invention is added to at least one of the above layers, but is preferably added to the surface layer of the photoreceptor layer. In addition, it may be in a form where it is most concentrated on the surface layer and gradually decreases toward the inside.

以下に本発明の詳細な説明する。The present invention will be explained in detail below.

カールソンプロセスに基く電子写真プロセスには、一般
に像露光、消去露光、転写前露光、クリーニング露光等
に紫外線を発生する光源が用いられており、該光源から
の光に含まれ、可視光に比べ大きなエネルギを有する紫
外線の繰返し照射は、感光体に用いられている有機化合
物分子を解裂させるに充分である。即ち感光体をなすC
GM、CT M或はバインダ等はラジカル解離を起し本
来の分子構造を失って劣化し、従って感光体の劣化を招
来し、具体的には感度低下、残電位上昇等を惹起し、か
ぶりの発生、画質の低下に陥る。
In the electrophotographic process based on the Carlson process, a light source that generates ultraviolet rays is generally used for image exposure, erasing exposure, pre-transfer exposure, cleaning exposure, etc. Repeated irradiation with energetic ultraviolet light is sufficient to cleave the organic compound molecules used in the photoreceptor. That is, C forming the photoreceptor
GM, CTM, binders, etc. cause radical dissociation, lose their original molecular structure, and deteriorate, resulting in deterioration of the photoreceptor. Specifically, they cause a decrease in sensitivity, an increase in residual potential, etc., and cause fogging. occurs, resulting in a decline in image quality.

従来の技術でも記述しtコように有機光導電性物質を用
いた正帯電用感光体においては、電荷発生層(以下、C
GLと標記)が表面層となるので耐傷性に欠け、耐久性
向上のためにはCGL膜厚を厚くする必要がある。しか
しながら、膜厚を厚くすると感度低下を引起こす。この
感度低下を抑制する手段としてCGL中への電荷輸送物
質(CTM)の添加が効果的であるが、このCTMは電
荷発生物質(CGM)に比べ紫外線酸化を受は易い構造
を有するので、紫外線により容易に劣化され感光体の耐
久性が損われてしまう。
As described in the prior art, in a positively charging photoreceptor using an organic photoconductive substance, a charge generation layer (hereinafter referred to as C
Since CGL (marked as GL) forms the surface layer, it lacks scratch resistance, and in order to improve durability, it is necessary to increase the thickness of the CGL film. However, increasing the film thickness causes a decrease in sensitivity. Adding a charge transport material (CTM) to CGL is an effective means of suppressing this decrease in sensitivity, but since CTM has a structure that is more susceptible to UV oxidation than charge generating materials (CGM), This easily deteriorates the durability of the photoreceptor.

本発明者らは、感光体の紫外線劣化防止に関し鋭意検討
の結果、正帯電感光体の表面層であるCGL中に前記一
般式に示される化合物を含有させろことにより、上記劣
化を著しく軽減できることを見い出した。
As a result of extensive studies regarding the prevention of ultraviolet deterioration of photoreceptors, the present inventors have found that the above deterioration can be significantly reduced by incorporating a compound represented by the above general formula into CGL, which is the surface layer of a positively charged photoreceptor. I found it.

前記した化合物即ち紫外線吸収剤の有機化合物安定化機
構としては、紫外線(UVと標記することがある)の保
有する分解エネルギがUV吸収剤内で振動のエネルギに
変化すること(こよると思われる。この振動のエネルギ
は熱エネルギとして該UV吸収剤から放出されるが、熱
エネルギは既に有機化合物を劣化させるには不充分であ
って、感光体が紫外線繰返し照射の害から構成される装
置と思われる。
The organic compound stabilization mechanism of the above-mentioned compound, that is, the ultraviolet absorber, is that the decomposition energy possessed by ultraviolet light (sometimes referred to as UV) is changed into vibrational energy within the UV absorber. The energy of this vibration is released from the UV absorber as thermal energy, but the thermal energy is already insufficient to degrade the organic compounds and the photoreceptor is exposed to repeated UV irradiation. Seem.

次に具体的化合物を例示する。Next, specific compounds will be illustrated.

本発明の化合物の添加量は、OCL中に用いられる場合
、OCL中のCTMに対して0.1〜100重量%、好
ましくは1〜50重量%、特に好ましくは5〜25重量
%である。また、OCL中に用いられる場合、OCL中
のバインダ樹脂に対して0.1〜100重量%、好まし
くは1〜50重量%である。
When used in OCL, the amount of the compound of the invention added is from 0.1 to 100% by weight, preferably from 1 to 50% by weight, particularly preferably from 5 to 25% by weight, based on the CTM in OCL. When used in OCL, the amount is 0.1 to 100% by weight, preferably 1 to 50% by weight, based on the binder resin in OCL.

次に本発明の感光体の構成を図面によって説明する。感
光体としては例えば第1図に示すように支持体! (導
電性支持体またはシー)・上に導電層を設けたもの)上
にCTMと必要に応じてバインダ樹脂を含有する電荷輸
送層(CTLと標記)2を下層とし、CGM、CTMと
必要に応じてバインダ樹脂を含有するC G L 3を
上層とする積層構成の感光体層4を設けたもの、第2図
に示すように第1図の感光体層の上に保護R(OCL)
4を設けたもの及び第3図に示すように支持体上にCG
 MとCTMと必要に応じてバインダ樹脂を含有する単
層構成の感光体層4を設けたもの、等が挙げられるが、
第3図の単層構成の感光体層上にOCLが設けられても
よく、また支持体と感光体層の間に中間層が設けられて
もよい。
Next, the structure of the photoreceptor of the present invention will be explained with reference to the drawings. As a photoreceptor, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, there is a support! (conductive support or sheet) on which a conductive layer is provided) and a charge transport layer (referred to as CTL) 2 containing CTM and a binder resin as required as a lower layer, and CGM, CTM and as required. Accordingly, a photoreceptor layer 4 of a laminated structure with CGL 3 containing a binder resin as an upper layer is provided, and as shown in FIG. 2, a protective R (OCL) is provided on the photoreceptor layer of FIG.
4 and CG on the support as shown in Figure 3.
Examples include those provided with a single-layered photoreceptor layer 4 containing M, CTM, and a binder resin as necessary.
An OCL may be provided on the photoreceptor layer having a single layer structure as shown in FIG. 3, or an intermediate layer may be provided between the support and the photoreceptor layer.

次に本発明に適するCGMとしては、可視光を吸収して
フリー電荷を発生するしのであれば、無機顔料及びTT
機顔料の何れをも用いることができる。無定形セレン、
三方晶系セレン、セレン−砒素合金、セレン−テルル合
金、硫化カドミウム、セレン化カドミウJ・、硫セレン
化カドミウム、硫化水銀、酸化鉛、硫化鉛等の無機顔料
の外、次の代表例で示されるような有機顔料が用いられ
る。
Next, CGM suitable for the present invention includes inorganic pigments and TT, as long as they absorb visible light and generate free charges.
Any mechanical pigment can be used. amorphous selenium,
In addition to inorganic pigments such as trigonal selenium, selenium-arsenic alloy, selenium-tellurium alloy, cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, cadmium selenide sulfide, mercury sulfide, lead oxide, and lead sulfide, the following representative examples show: Organic pigments such as those described above are used.

(+)  モノアゾ顔料、ポリアゾ顔料、金属錯塩アゾ
顔料、ピラゾロンアゾ顔料、スチルベンアゾ及びデアゾ
ールアゾ顔料等のアゾ系顔料。
(+) Azo pigments such as monoazo pigments, polyazo pigments, metal complex azo pigments, pyrazolone azo pigments, stilbene azo and deazole azo pigments.

(2)ペリレン酸無水物及びペリレン酸イミド等のペリ
レン系顔料。
(2) Perylene pigments such as perylene anhydride and perylene imide.

(3)アントラキノン誘導体、アントアントロン誘導体
、ノヘンズビレンキノン誘導体、ピラントロン誘導体、
ビオラントロン誘導体及びイソビオラントロン誘導体等
のアントラキノン系又は多環キノン系顔料 (4) インジゴ誘導体及びチオインジゴ誘導体等のイ
ンジゴイド系顔料 (5)金属フタロシアニン及び無金属フタロシアニン等
のフタロシアニン系顔料 (6) ジフェニルメタン系顔料、トリフェニルメタン
顔料、キサンチン顔料及びアクリジン顔料等のカルボニ
ウム系顔料 (7)アジン顔料、オキサジン顔料及びチアジン顔料等
のキノンイミン系顔料 (8) シアニン顔料及びアゾメチン顔料等のメチン系
顔料 (9)キノリン系顔料 (10)  ニトロ系顔料 (11)ニトロソ系顔料 (12)ベンゾキノン及びナフトキノン系顔料(13)
  ナフタルイミド系顔料 (14)  ビスベンズイミダゾール誘導体等のペリノ
ン系顔料 前記本発明に用いられるアゾ系顔料としては、例えば次
の例示構造化合物群(1)〜〔■〕で示されるものがあ
り、該例示構造化合物群の中の個々の好ましい具体的化
合物の数例を併せ掲げる。
(3) anthraquinone derivatives, anthorone derivatives, nohenzbirenquinone derivatives, pyrantrone derivatives,
Anthraquinone or polycyclic quinone pigments such as violanthrone derivatives and isoviolanthrone derivatives (4) Indigoid pigments such as indigo derivatives and thioindigo derivatives (5) Phthalocyanine pigments such as metal phthalocyanines and metal-free phthalocyanines (6) Diphenylmethane pigments pigments, carbonium pigments such as triphenylmethane pigments, xanthine pigments and acridine pigments (7) quinone imine pigments such as azine pigments, oxazine pigments and thiazine pigments (8) methine pigments such as cyanine pigments and azomethine pigments (9) quinoline Pigments (10) Nitro pigments (11) Nitroso pigments (12) Benzoquinone and naphthoquinone pigments (13)
Naphthalimide pigments (14) Perinone pigments such as bisbenzimidazole derivatives Examples of the azo pigments used in the present invention include those shown in the following exemplary structural compound groups (1) to [■]. Several preferred examples of specific compounds in the group of exemplified structural compounds are also listed.

その好ましい具体的化合物の全容については特願昭61
−195881号が参照される。
For details of the preferred specific compounds, please refer to the patent application filed in 1983.
Reference is made to No.-195881.

例示構造化合物群〔I〕: 例示構造化合物群〔■〕; 例示構造化合物群〔■〕: 例示構造化合物群〔■〕: 例示構造化合物群〔■〕: また、以下の多環ギノン顔料から成る例示構造化合物群
〔■〕〜〔〜1〕はCGMとして最も好ま例示構造化合
物群〔■〕: 例示構造化合物群〔■〕: 1.以下、余つ ゝ −/ 例示構造化合物群〔■〕: 次に本発明で使用可能なCTMとしては、特に制限はな
いが、例えばオキサゾール誘導体、オキサノアゾール誘
導体、デアゾール誘導体、チアジアゾール誘導体、トリ
アゾール誘導体、イミダゾール誘導体、イミダシロン誘
導体、イミダシロン誘導体、ビスイミダゾリジン誘導体
、スチリル化合物、ヒドラゾン化合物、ピラゾリン誘導
体、オキサシロン誘導体、ベンゾデアゾール誘導体、ベ
ンズイミダゾール誘導体、キナゾリン誘導体、ベンゾフ
ラン誘導体、アクリジン誘導体、フェナジン誘導体、ア
ミノスチルベン誘導体、ポリ−N−ビニルカルバゾール
、ポリー■−ビニルピレン、ポリ−9−ビニルアントラ
セン等であってよい。
Exemplary structural compound group [I]: Exemplary structural compound group [■]; Exemplary structural compound group [■]: Exemplary structural compound group [■]: Exemplary structural compound group [■]: Also composed of the following polycyclic gynon pigments Exemplary structural compound group [■] to [~1] are most preferred as CGM. Exemplary structural compound group [■]: Exemplary structural compound group [■]: 1. The following are the rest. , imidazole derivatives, imidasilone derivatives, imidacilone derivatives, bisimidazolidine derivatives, styryl compounds, hydrazone compounds, pyrazoline derivatives, oxacilone derivatives, benzodeazole derivatives, benzimidazole derivatives, quinazoline derivatives, benzofuran derivatives, acridine derivatives, phenazine derivatives, aminostilbenes It may be a derivative, poly-N-vinylcarbazole, poly-vinylpyrene, poly-9-vinylanthracene, etc.

しかしながら光照射時発生するホールの支持体側への輸
送能力が優れている外、前記CGMとの組合せに好適な
ものが好ましく用いられ、°かかるC T’ Mとして
は、例えば下記例示構造化合物群(IX )又は(X)
で示されるスヂル化合物が使用され、る。該例示構造化
合物群中の個々の具体的化合物の数例を併せ掲げるが、
その全貌にっ”いては特願昭(il−195881号が
参照される。
However, in addition to being excellent in the ability to transport holes generated during light irradiation to the support side, those suitable for combination with the CGM are preferably used. IX) or (X)
The Sudhir compound shown is used. Several examples of individual specific compounds in the exemplified structural compound group are listed below,
For the complete details, please refer to Tokugan Sho (IL-195881).

例示構造上合物群(IX ) : 例示構造化合物群(X) また、CTMとして下記例示構造化合物群(XI)〜(
XV)で示されるヒドラゾン化合物ら便用可能である。
Exemplary structural compound group (IX): Exemplary structural compound group (X) In addition, as CTM, the following exemplary structural compound group (XI) to (
Hydrazone compounds represented by XV) can be used for convenience.

向側々の具体的化合物の全容については特願昭61−1
95881号が参照される。
For the complete details of the specific compounds on the opposite side, please refer to the patent application 1986-1.
Reference is made to No. 95881.

例示構造化合物群〔■〕 例示構造化合物群(Xln) 例示構造化合物群(XV ) : 例示構造化合物群(XVI ) : また、CT’Mとして下記例示構造化合物群〔X■〕で
示されるアミン誘導体も使用可能であ′る。
Exemplary structural compound group [■] Exemplary structural compound group (Xln) Exemplary structural compound group (XV): Exemplary structural compound group (XVI): Also, amine derivatives shown in the following exemplary structural compound group [X■] as CT'M can also be used.

尚詳しくは特願昭61−195881号が参照される。For details, refer to Japanese Patent Application No. 195881/1981.

次に本発明のOCLに用いられてよいバインダは、体積
抵抗10@Ωcm以上、好ましくは1010Ωcm以北
、より好ましくは1013ΩCII以上の透明樹脂が用
いられる。又前記バインダは光又は熱により硬化する樹
脂を少なくとも50重量%以上含有するものとされる。
Next, the binder that may be used in the OCL of the present invention is a transparent resin having a volume resistivity of 10@Ωcm or more, preferably 10 10 Ωcm or more, more preferably 10 13 ΩCII or more. Further, the binder contains at least 50% by weight of a resin that is cured by light or heat.

かかる光又は熱により硬化する樹脂としては、例えば熱
硬化性アクリル樹脂、シリコン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ウ
レタン樹脂、尿素樹脂、フェノール樹脂、ポリエステル
樹脂、アルキッド樹脂、メラミン樹脂、光硬化性の桂皮
酸樹脂等又はこれらの共重合もしくは共縮合樹脂があり
、その外電子写真に料に供される光又は熱硬化性樹脂の
全てが利用される。又前記OCL中には加工性及び物性
の改良(亀裂防止、柔軟性付与等)を目的として必要に
より熱可塑性樹脂を50重量%未fa含有せしめること
ができる。かかる熱可塑性樹脂としては、例えばポリプ
ロピレン、アクリル樹脂、メタクリル樹脂、塩化ビニル
樹脂、酢酸ビニル樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ブチラール樹脂
、ポリカーボネート樹脂、シリコン樹脂、又はこれらの
共重合161脂、例えば塩化ビニル−酢酸ビニルJ(重
合体樹脂、塩化ビニル−酢酸ビニル−無水マレイン酸共
重合体樹脂、ポリ−N−ビニルカルバゾール等の高分子
有機半導体、その他電子写真材料に供される熱可塑性樹
脂の全てが利用される。
Examples of such resins that harden with light or heat include thermosetting acrylic resins, silicone resins, epoxy resins, urethane resins, urea resins, phenol resins, polyester resins, alkyd resins, melamine resins, and photocurable cinnamic acid resins. In addition to these copolymerized or cocondensed resins, all of the photo- or thermosetting resins used for electrophotography can be used. If necessary, the OCL may contain 50% by weight of a non-fa thermoplastic resin for the purpose of improving processability and physical properties (preventing cracks, imparting flexibility, etc.). Such thermoplastic resins include, for example, polypropylene, acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, vinyl chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, epoxy resin, butyral resin, polycarbonate resin, silicone resin, or copolymers thereof, such as vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate. J (polymer resins, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride copolymer resins, polymeric organic semiconductors such as poly-N-vinylcarbazole, and other thermoplastic resins used in electrophotographic materials are all used. .

また前記OCLは、電子受容性物質を含(了してもよく
、その他、必要によりCG Mを保i1 する目的でオ
ゾン酸化防止剤等を含仔してもよく、前記バインダど共
に溶剤に溶解され、例えばディップ塗布、スプレー塗布
、ブレード塗布、ロール塗布等により塗布・乾燥されて
2 It m以下、好ましくは1μm以下の層厚に形成
される。
In addition, the OCL may contain an electron-accepting substance, and if necessary, it may also contain an ozone antioxidant or the like for the purpose of preserving CGM, and the OCL may be dissolved in a solvent together with the binder. It is coated and dried by, for example, dip coating, spray coating, blade coating, roll coating, etc., and is formed to a layer thickness of 2 It m or less, preferably 1 μm or less.

本発明の感光体層の層構成は前記のように積層構成と単
層構成とがあるが、CT L、CG LまたはOCLに
は感度の向上、残留電位ないし反復使用時の疲労低減等
を目的として、1種または2純量」−の電子受容性物質
を金白゛せしめることができる。
The layer structure of the photoreceptor layer of the present invention has a laminated structure and a single layer structure as described above, but CT L, CG L or OCL has the purpose of improving sensitivity, reducing residual potential or fatigue during repeated use, etc. As a method, one or two pure amounts of electron-accepting substances can be gold-plated.

本発明に使用可能な電子受容性物質としては、例えば無
水こはく酸、無水マレイン酸、ジブロムj11(水マレ
イン酸、無水フタル酸、テトラクロル無水フタル酸、テ
トラブロム無水フタル酸、3−ニトロ無水フタル酸、4
−ニトロ無水フタル酸、無水ビ[ツメリット酸、無水メ
リット酸、テトランアノエヂレン、テ)・ラノアノキノ
ノメタン、0−ジニトロベンゼン、m−ジニトロベンゼ
ン、1,3.5.−トリニトロl\ンゼン、パラニトロ
ベンゾニトリル、ビクリルク〔2ライド、キノンクロル
イミド、クロラニル、ブルマニル、2−メヂルナフトキ
ノン、ジクロ「Iノソアノバラベンゾキノン、アントラ
キノン、ン二l−oアントラキノン、トリニトロフルオ
レノン、9−フルオレノンデン〔ジシアノメチレンマロ
ツノニトリル〕、ポリニドcl−9−フル才レニリデン
ー〔ジシアノメチレンマロツノニトリル〕、ピクリン酸
、フタル酸等が挙げられる。
Examples of electron-accepting substances that can be used in the present invention include succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, dibromj11 (maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, tetrabromo phthalic anhydride, 3-nitro phthalic anhydride, 4
-Nitrophthalic anhydride, bi[tumelic acid, mellitic anhydride, tetraanoedylene, te)-lanoanoquinonomethane, 0-dinitrobenzene, m-dinitrobenzene, 1,3.5. - trinitronzene, paranitrobenzonitrile, vicrylic [2lide, quinone chlorimide, chloranil, brumanil, 2-medylnaphthoquinone, dichlorobenzoquinone, anthraquinone, dil-o anthraquinone, trinitrofluorenone , 9-fluorenonedene [dicyanomethylene malotunonitrile], polynide cl-9-fluorenylidene [dicyanomethylene malotunonitrile], picric acid, phthalic acid, and the like.

本光明において感光体層に使用可能なバインダ樹脂とし
ては、例えばポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、アクリル
樹脂、メタクリル樹脂、塩化ビニル樹脂、酢酸ビニル樹
脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂、フェノール樹脂
、ポリエステル樹脂、アルキッド樹脂、ポリカーボネー
ト樹脂、シリコン樹脂、メラミン樹脂等の付加重合型樹
脂、重付加型樹脂、重縮合型樹脂、並びにこれらの樹脂
の繰返し単位のうちの2つ以上を含む共重合体樹噺、例
えば塩化ビニル−酢酸ビニル共重合体樹脂、塩化ビニル
−酢酸ビニル−無水マレイノ酸共重合体樹脂等の絶縁性
樹脂の他、ポリ−N−ビニルカルバゾール等の高分子a
機半導体が挙げられる。
Examples of binder resins that can be used for the photoreceptor layer in the present invention include polyethylene, polypropylene, acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, vinyl chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, phenol resin, polyester resin, alkyd resin, and polycarbonate. Addition polymer resins such as silicone resins and melamine resins, polyaddition resins, polycondensation resins, and copolymer resins containing two or more repeating units of these resins, such as vinyl chloride-acetic acid. In addition to insulating resins such as vinyl copolymer resin, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-maleino acid anhydride copolymer resin, polymer a such as poly-N-vinylcarbazole, etc.
Examples include mechanical semiconductors.

次に前記感光体層を支持する導電性支持体としては、ア
ルミニウム、ニッケルなどの金属板、金属ドラム又は金
属箔、アルミニウム・、酸化錫、酸化インジウムなどを
蕉着したプラスデックフィルムあるいは導電性物質を塗
布した紙、プラスデックなどのフィルム又はドラムを使
用することができる。
Next, the conductive support for supporting the photoreceptor layer may be a metal plate made of aluminum or nickel, a metal drum or metal foil, a plus deck film coated with aluminum, tin oxide, indium oxide, etc., or a conductive material. Coated paper, a film such as Plus Deck, or a drum can be used.

CTLは既述のCT Mを適当な溶媒に単独らしくは適
当なバインダ樹脂と共に溶解もしくは分散せしめたもの
を塗布して乾燥させる方法により設ける。
The CTL is provided by a method in which the above-mentioned CTM is dissolved or dispersed in a suitable solvent or alone together with a suitable binder resin, and then applied and dried.

C’r Lの形成に用いられる溶媒としては、例えばN
、N−ジメチルホルムアミド、ベンゼン、トルエン、キ
シレン、モノクロルベンゼン、l、2−ジクロロエタン
、ジクロロメタン、1..1.2−1−ジクロロエタン
、テトラヒドロフラン、メチルエチルケトン、酢酸エチ
ル、酢酸ブチル等を挙げることができる。
The solvent used to form C'r L is, for example, N
, N-dimethylformamide, benzene, toluene, xylene, monochlorobenzene, 1,2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, 1. .. 1.2-1-dichloroethane, tetrahydrofuran, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and the like can be mentioned.

本発明に係る感光体層をCi” LとCGLの複層構成
で形成する場合は、C1”Lの膜厚は、好ましくは5〜
50μm1特に好ましくは5〜30μlで°ある。
When the photoreceptor layer according to the present invention is formed with a multilayer structure of Ci"L and CGL, the thickness of C1"L is preferably 5 to 5.
The volume is 50 μm, particularly preferably 5 to 30 μl.

CTL中のバインダ樹脂100重量部当りCTMか20
〜200重量部、好ましくは30−150重量部とされ
る。
CTM or 20 per 100 parts by weight of binder resin in CTL
~200 parts by weight, preferably 30-150 parts by weight.

CT Mの含有割合かこれより少ないと光感度が悪く、
残留電位が高くなり易く、これより多いと溶媒溶解性が
悪くなる。
If the content of CTM is lower than this, the photosensitivity will be poor;
The residual potential tends to become high, and if the amount is more than this, the solvent solubility will deteriorate.

CGLは、既述のcGMとCTM’を別々に、あるいは
−緒に適当な溶剤に単独もしくは適当なバインダ樹脂と
共に溶解らしくは分散せしめたものを塗布、乾燥してC
i’ Lの場合と同様に形成することができる。
CGL is produced by dispersing cGM and CTM' as described above separately or together in a suitable solvent alone or together with a suitable binder resin, and drying it.
It can be formed in the same way as in the case of i'L.

上記CGMを分散せしめてCGLを形成する場合、当該
CGMは2μ煽以下、好ましくは1μm以下の平均粒径
の粉粒体とされるのが好ましい。即ち、粒径があまり大
きいと層中への分散か悪くなると共に、粒子が表面に一
部突出して表面の平滑性が悪くなり、場合によっては粒
子の突出部分で放電が生じたり或いはそこにトナー粒子
が付着してトナーフィルミング現象が生じ易い。
When CGL is formed by dispersing the above CGM, it is preferable that the CGM is a powder having an average particle size of 2 μm or less, preferably 1 μm or less. That is, if the particle size is too large, dispersion in the layer will be poor, and some of the particles will protrude from the surface, resulting in poor surface smoothness. In some cases, discharge may occur at the protruding parts of the particles, or toner may Particles tend to adhere and toner filming phenomenon occurs easily.

ただし、上記粒径があまり小さいと却って凝集し易く、
層の抵抗が上昇したり、結晶欠陥が増えて感度及び繰返
し特性が低下したり、或いは微細化する上で限界がある
から、平均粒径の下限を0.01μmとするのが望まし
い。
However, if the above particle size is too small, it tends to aggregate,
It is desirable to set the lower limit of the average grain size to 0.01 μm because the resistance of the layer increases, the sensitivity and repeatability decrease due to an increase in crystal defects, or there is a limit to miniaturization.

CGLは、次の如き方法によって設けることができる。CGL can be provided by the following method.

即ち、記述のCGMをボールミル、ホモミキサ等によっ
て分散媒中で微細粒子とし、バインダ樹脂およびCTM
を加えて混合分散して得られる分散液を塗布する方法で
ある。この方法において超音波の作用下に粒子を分散さ
せると、均一分散が可能である。
That is, the CGM described above is made into fine particles in a dispersion medium using a ball mill, a homomixer, etc., and the binder resin and CTM are
This is a method in which a dispersion obtained by adding and mixing and dispersing is applied. When the particles are dispersed under the action of ultrasound in this method, uniform dispersion is possible.

CGL中のバインダ樹脂100重量当りCGMが20〜
200玉量部、好ましくは25〜100重量部とされ、
CT Mが20〜200重量部、好ましくは30〜15
0重撒部とされる。
CGM per 100 weight of binder resin in CGL is 20~
200 parts by weight, preferably 25 to 100 parts by weight,
CT M is 20 to 200 parts by weight, preferably 30 to 15 parts by weight
It is considered to be a 0-layered part.

CGMがこれより少ないと光感度が低く、残留電位の増
加を招き、又これより多いと暗減衰が増大し、かつ受容
電位が低下する。
If the amount of CGM is less than this, the photosensitivity will be low and the residual potential will increase, and if it is more than this, the dark decay will increase and the acceptance potential will decrease.

以上のようにして形成されるCGLの膜厚は、好ましく
は1〜10μm、特に好ましくは2〜7μmである。
The thickness of the CGL formed as described above is preferably 1 to 10 μm, particularly preferably 2 to 7 μm.

積層構成の場合、CGI、とCTLの模写比はl:(1
〜30)であるのが好ましい。
In the case of a stacked structure, the copying ratio of CGI and CTL is l:(1
~30) is preferred.

次に本発明の感光体をφ層で構成する場合、CGMがバ
インダ樹脂に含有される割合は、バインダ樹脂100f
fl量部に対して20〜200重量部、好ましくは25
〜100重が部とされる。
Next, when the photoreceptor of the present invention is composed of a φ layer, the proportion of CGM contained in the binder resin is 100f of the binder resin.
20 to 200 parts by weight, preferably 25 parts by weight based on the amount of fl.
~100 weight is considered to be a part.

CGMの含有割合がこれより少ないと光感度が低く、残
留電位の増加を招き、又これより多いと暗減衰及び受容
電位が低下する。
If the content of CGM is less than this, the photosensitivity will be low and the residual potential will increase, and if it is more than this, dark decay and acceptance potential will decrease.

次にCTMがバインダ樹脂に対して含有される割合は、
バインダ樹脂100重量部に対して20〜200重量部
、好ましくは30〜150重量部とされる。
Next, the ratio of CTM to the binder resin is:
The amount is 20 to 200 parts by weight, preferably 30 to 150 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.

CTMの含有割合がこれより少ないと光感度が悪く残留
電位が高くなり易く、又これより多いと溶媒溶解性が悪
くなる。
If the CTM content is less than this, the photosensitivity will be poor and the residual potential will tend to be high, and if it is more than this, the solvent solubility will be poor.

前記単層構成の感光体層中のCGMに対するCTMの量
比は重量比でl二3〜l:2とするのが好ましい。
The weight ratio of CTM to CGM in the single-layer photoreceptor layer is preferably from 123 to 1:2.

また単層構成の感光体層の膜厚は7〜50μm、更に好
ましくは10〜30μmである。
The thickness of the single-layer photoreceptor layer is 7 to 50 μm, more preferably 10 to 30 μm.

また、前記中間層は接着層又はバリヤ層等として機能す
るもので、上記バインダ樹脂の外に、例えばポリビニル
アルコール、エチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセル
ロース、塩化ビニル−酢酸ビニル共重合体、塩化ビニル
−酢酸ビニル−無水マレイン酸共重合体、カゼイン、N
−アルコキシメチル化ナイロン、澱粉等が用いられる。
Further, the intermediate layer functions as an adhesive layer or a barrier layer, and in addition to the binder resin, for example, polyvinyl alcohol, ethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-anhydrous Maleic acid copolymer, casein, N
-Alkoxymethylated nylon, starch, etc. are used.

次に本発明の正帯電感光体を用いる像形成プロセスを第
4図を用いて説明する。
Next, an image forming process using the positively charged photoreceptor of the present invention will be explained with reference to FIG.

第4図は静電潜像につづいてトナー撞を担持する本発明
の感光体ドラムを取囲む、本発明の像形成プロセスに関
与゛4゛る諸機能部材の配置の1例を示す。
FIG. 4 shows an example of the arrangement of various functional members involved in the image forming process of the present invention surrounding the photoreceptor drum of the present invention which carries toner particles following an electrostatic latent image.

本発明の正帯電感光体20は、導電性支持体によりアー
スされており、正に整流されて正電荷を与えるコ[1す
放電極等の帯電器21 (例えばスコロトロン等)によ
って、予め正帯電され時計方向(図に於てΔの方向)に
回転する。
The positively charged photoreceptor 20 of the present invention is grounded by a conductive support, and is positively charged in advance by a charger 21 such as a discharge electrode (for example, a scorotron). and rotates clockwise (in the direction of Δ in the figure).

また引稿、lit装置台上の原稿からの反射光Eは、ミ
ラー、レンズ等からなる光学系を経て感光体2゜(ドラ
ム)」ニへスリットSを介して入射される。
Further, the reflected light E from the original on the document/lit device table passes through an optical system consisting of mirrors, lenses, etc., and enters the photoreceptor 2° (drum) through a slit S.

感光体ドラム20は予め帯電器21により電荷を与えら
れているので、前記光学系からの光入射に従って該感光
体ドラム20」二には原稿に対応した静電潜像が順次形
成され、回転する感光体ドラム2o上の1171記静電
潜像は、現像器22によって可視のトナー像となる。
Since the photoreceptor drum 20 is charged in advance by the charger 21, electrostatic latent images corresponding to the original are sequentially formed on the photoreceptor drum 20 according to the incident light from the optical system, and the photoreceptor drum 20 rotates. The electrostatic latent image No. 1171 on the photosensitive drum 2o becomes a visible toner image by the developing device 22.

一方、転写紙は給紙装置より繰出されて、ガイド、板に
より案内されて給紙ローラ32に到り、感光体ドラム2
0上のnff記トナー象の先端と転写紙との先端か一致
するようにタイミング信号に基づいて給紙される。
On the other hand, the transfer paper is fed out from the paper feeding device, guided by a guide and a plate, reaches the paper feeding roller 32, and then reaches the photosensitive drum 32.
The paper is fed based on a timing signal so that the leading edge of the nff toner image on 0 coincides with the leading edge of the transfer paper.

その後、転写極23の作用により感光体ドラム2゜上の
トナー像は転写紙上に転写される。そして分離極24に
より、感光体ドラム20上から分離された転写紙は転写
紙搬送手段35を経て定着装置へ送られ、熱定着ローラ
および圧着ローラによって熔融定着されたのち、排紙ロ
ーラにより排紙皿上へ排出される。
Thereafter, the toner image on the photosensitive drum 2° is transferred onto the transfer paper by the action of the transfer pole 23. The transfer paper separated from the photosensitive drum 20 by the separation pole 24 is sent to the fixing device via the transfer paper conveying means 35, where it is melted and fixed by a heat fixing roller and a pressure roller, and then discharged by a paper discharge roller. It is discharged onto a plate.

一方、転写工程終了後、前記感光体ドラム2oは、ドラ
ム上に残留するトナーのクリーニング装置26による除
去を容易にするため、交流のコロナ放電を行なうクリー
ニング除電極25によって、ドラム表面が電気的に中和
される。次いで転写しきれずにドラム上に残ったトナー
はブレード等のクリーニング装置26により掻き落され
る。
On the other hand, after the transfer process is completed, the surface of the photoreceptor drum 2o is electrically cleaned by a cleaning removal electrode 25 that performs AC corona discharge in order to facilitate the removal of toner remaining on the drum by the cleaning device 26. neutralized. Next, the toner remaining on the drum without being completely transferred is scraped off by a cleaning device 26 such as a blade.

これによりドラムは次のコピーへの準備ができる。This prepares the drum for the next copy.

以上が複写を行なう基本のプロセスであるが、画質を高
めるため、複写機には前露光といわれる工程が用いられ
る。第1の前露光装置27は前記クリーニング装置26
と帯電器21との間に配設され、蛍光燈等の光源等から
成る。クリーニング装置26で表面のトナーを除去され
た感光体ドラム20は、この1iFi JK光装置27
によるクリーニング露光によって、ドラム表面の残留型
n:jは除かれ電位はゼロになる。
The above is the basic process of copying, but in order to improve image quality, copying machines use a process called pre-exposure. The first pre-exposure device 27 is the cleaning device 26
The charger 21 is disposed between the charger 21 and the charger 21, and includes a light source such as a fluorescent light. The photosensitive drum 20 from which the toner on the surface has been removed by the cleaning device 26 is transferred to the 1iFi JK optical device 27.
By the cleaning exposure, the residual type n:j on the drum surface is removed and the potential becomes zero.

第2のn:i n光装置28は、現象器22と転写極2
3、分離極24との間、第3の前露光装置29は分離極
その他の分離部の後にあってクリーニング除電極25の
に流をなす位置に配設され、蛍光燈等の光源等から成る
。この第2及び第3の前露光装置による光1(l Q、
■、即ち転写面露光及び消去露光によって、感光体ドラ
ム20の表面電荷が低減・均一化され、これによって転
写・分離時の効率が向」二し、更には感光体ドラム20
」二の残像のクリーニングを容易にする。
The second n:i n optical device 28 includes the phenomenon device 22 and the transfer pole 2.
3. Between the separation electrode 24 and the third pre-exposure device 29, which is located after the separation electrode and other separation parts and in the flow direction of the cleaning and removal electrode 25, the third pre-exposure device 29 is composed of a light source such as a fluorescent lamp, etc. . Light 1 (l Q,
(2) That is, by exposing the transfer surface and erasing exposure, the surface charge of the photoreceptor drum 20 is reduced and made uniform, which improves the efficiency during transfer and separation, and furthermore, the surface charge of the photoreceptor drum 20 is improved.
'Second to facilitate cleaning of afterimages.

〔実在例〕[Actual example]

以下本発明を実施例により説明するが、これにより本発
明の実施の態様が限定されるものではない。
The present invention will be explained below with reference to Examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereby.

実施例 1 アルミニウム箔をラミネートしたポリエステルフィルム
及びアルミニラl−ドラムより成る導電性支持体上に、
塩化ビニル−i’it酸ビニル−無水マレイン酸共重合
体(ニスレックスMPIO,vT水(ヒ学工業a製)よ
りなる)7さO、+ 74 Il+の中間層を形成した
Example 1 On a conductive support consisting of a polyester film laminated with aluminum foil and an aluminum l-drum,
An intermediate layer of vinyl chloride-vinyl i'itate-maleic anhydride copolymer (Nisrex MPIO, vT water (manufactured by Higaku Kogyo A)) 7O, +74Il+ was formed.

次いでポリカーボネー1− tffl脂(パンライl−
L −1250、帝人化成社装)/ CT M (IX
 −75) −= 100/ 75(重量比)を16.
5ffl量263有する1、2−ジクロルエタン溶液を
中間層上にディップ塗布し、15μaAJ+7のCTL
を形成した。次に、C(= Mとして昇華したべ、10
−ジブロムアンスアンスロン(Vl−3L、/パンライ
l−L −IZ50= 1/2(重量比)が9重量%に
なるように1.2−ジクロルエタン中ボールミルで24
時間粉砕し、更に24時間分散した液にCT M (I
X −75)をパンライトL−1250に対して75重
l?6およびCTMに対して10重景?、′;の例示1
ヒご物(2)を加えた。
Next, polycarbonate 1-tffl fat (Panrye l-
L-1250, Teijin Kasei) / CT M (IX
-75) -=100/75 (weight ratio) to 16.
A 1,2-dichloroethane solution having a 5 ffl amount of 263 was dip coated on the intermediate layer, and a CTL of 15 μa AJ + 7 was obtained.
was formed. Next, sublimate as C (= M, 10
- Dibrom anthurone (Vl-3L, / Panryl-L - IZ50 = 1/2 (weight ratio) was 9% by weight in a ball mill in 1.2-dichloroethane for 24 hours.
CT M (I
X-75) to Panlite L-1250 at 75 liters? 10 double view for 6 and CTM? , '; Example 1
Added Higomono (2).

この溶液にモノクロルベンゼンを加えて1.2−ジクロ
ルベン′ゼン/モノクIコlレベンゼン−773(休債
比)になるよう調製した分散液を前記CTL上にスプレ
ー塗布し、乾燥して5μ四のCGLを形成し、積層構成
の感光体層を有する本発明の感光体試料1を得た。
Monochlorobenzene was added to this solution to prepare a dispersion of 1,2-dichlorobenzene/Monochlebenzene-773 (dead bond ratio), and the dispersion was spray-coated onto the CTL, dried, and Photoreceptor sample 1 of the present invention was obtained by forming a CGL and having a photoreceptor layer having a laminated structure.

比較例(り 実施例1において、例示化合物(2)を除いた以外は実
施例1と全く同様にして比較の感光体試料(+)を得た
Comparative Example A comparative photoreceptor sample (+) was obtained in exactly the same manner as in Example 1 except that Exemplary Compound (2) was omitted.

実施例 2 実施例!において、例示化合物(2)に代えて例示化合
物(6)を用いた以外は全く同様にして感光体試料2を
得た。
Example 2 Example! Photoreceptor sample 2 was obtained in exactly the same manner as in Example 1, except that Exemplified Compound (6) was used in place of Exemplified Compound (2).

実施例 3 実施例1の例示化合物(2)を除いた感光体層(比較例
1の感光体に同じ)上に、熱硬化性アクリル−メラミン
−エポキシ(1:l :I)樹脂1.55重量部および
例示化合物(2) 0.155重量部をモノクロルベン
ゼン/1.1.2−1−ジクロルエタン混合溶媒に溶解
させた塗布液をスプレー塗布し、乾燥して1μm厚のO
CLを有する感光体試料3を得た。
Example 3 On the photoreceptor layer (same as the photoreceptor of Comparative Example 1) except for Exemplified Compound (2) of Example 1, 1.55% of thermosetting acrylic-melamine-epoxy (1:l:I) resin was added. Parts by Weight and Exemplary Compound (2) A coating solution in which 0.155 parts by weight of Exemplary Compound (2) was dissolved in a mixed solvent of monochlorobenzene/1.1.2-1-dichloroethane was spray coated, and dried to form a 1 μm thick O.
Photoreceptor sample 3 having CL was obtained.

実施例 4 実施例1の例示化合物(2)を除いた感光体層上に、シ
リコンバートコ−1・用プライマI”+191 (東芝
シリコン社製)を0.1μ輪となるようにスプレー塗布
し、更にその上にシリコンハードコートトスガード51
O(東芝シリコン社製)及び例示化合物(2)を樹脂1
00重量部に対して10重量部となるよう添加した溶液
をスプレー塗布し、乾燥して1μ輪厚のOCLを形成し
感光体試料4を得た。
Example 4 Primer I''+191 for Silicon Bartco-1 (manufactured by Toshiba Silicon Co., Ltd.) was spray-coated in a 0.1μ ring on the photoreceptor layer excluding the exemplified compound (2) of Example 1. , Furthermore, silicone hard coat toss guard 51 is added on top of that.
O (manufactured by Toshiba Silicon Corporation) and exemplified compound (2) in resin 1
A solution added in an amount of 10 parts by weight to 00 parts by weight was spray coated and dried to form an OCL having a thickness of 1 μm to obtain photoreceptor sample 4.

実施例 5 アルミニウム箔をラミネートしたポリニスデルフィルl
\及びアルミニラ11ドラムより成る導電性支持体」二
に、塩化ビニル−酢酸ビニル−無水マレイン酸共重合体
くエスレックMP−10.前出)よりなる17さ約0.
1μ輪の中間層を形成した。
Example 5 Polynisdelfil laminated with aluminum foil
\ and a conductive support consisting of an aluminum 11 drum. Second, a vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride copolymer S-LEC MP-10. 17 and approximately 0.
An intermediate layer of 1μ ring was formed.

次いでCTL用塗布液としてブチラール樹脂(エスレッ
クBX−1、積水化Ttt製)8j′II量%とcTM
(II−75>6!Ttffi%をメチルエチルゲトン
に溶解して得られる塗布液を前記中間層上に塗布・乾燥
して10107l厚のCTLを形成した。
Next, as a coating liquid for CTL, butyral resin (S-LEC BX-1, manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) 8j'II amount% and cTM were used.
A coating solution obtained by dissolving (II-75>6!Ttffi%) in methyl ethyl getone was applied onto the intermediate layer and dried to form a CTL with a thickness of 10107 l.

次いでCGM(IV−7)0.29をペイントコンデシ
ョナ−(Paint Conditioner、 Re
d Devi1社製)で30分粉砕し、これにポリカー
ボネート樹脂(パンライトL−1250.前出)を1.
2−ジクロルエタン/1,1.2−トリクロルエタン混
合溶媒に0.5重量%となるよう溶解させた溶液を8.
39加えて3分間分散し、次いでこれにポリカーボネー
ト樹脂、CT M (IX −75)および例示化合物
(2)をそれぞれ3.3重量%、2,6mr′ik%お
よび0,26重量%となるよう1.2−ジクロルエタン
/1.1.2−トリクロルエタン混合溶媒に溶解して得
られる溶液19.19を加えてさらに300分間分散た
。かくして得られた分散液を前記CTL上にスプレー塗
布し、かつ乾燥して5μm厚のCGl、を彩成し、積層
構成の感光体層を有する感光体試料5を得た。
Next, apply CGM (IV-7) 0.29 to Paint Conditioner (Re).
dDevi1) for 30 minutes, and polycarbonate resin (Panlite L-1250, supra) was added to the powder for 30 minutes.
8. A solution prepared by dissolving 0.5% by weight in a mixed solvent of 2-dichloroethane/1,1.2-trichloroethane.
39 was added and dispersed for 3 minutes, and then polycarbonate resin, CT M (IX-75) and Exemplary Compound (2) were added to this to give a concentration of 3.3% by weight, 2.6% by weight and 0.26% by weight, respectively. A solution 19.19 obtained by dissolving in a mixed solvent of 1.2-dichloroethane/1.1.2-trichloroethane was added and further dispersed for 300 minutes. The thus obtained dispersion was spray-coated onto the CTL and dried to form a 5 μm thick CGl to obtain photoreceptor sample 5 having a photoreceptor layer having a laminated structure.

比較例 (2) 実施例5において例示化合物(2)を除いた以外は実施
例5と全く同様にして比較の感光体試料(・2)を得た
Comparative Example (2) A comparative photoreceptor sample (2) was obtained in exactly the same manner as in Example 5 except that Exemplary Compound (2) was omitted.

実施例 6 実施例5において、例示化合物(2)に代えて例示化合
物(6)を用いた以外は全く同様にして感光体試料6を
得た。
Example 6 Photoreceptor sample 6 was obtained in exactly the same manner as in Example 5, except that exemplified compound (6) was used in place of exemplified compound (2).

実施例 7 実施例5の例示化合物(2)を除いた感光体層(比較例
2の感光体に同じ)上に、実施例3と同様の例示化合物
(2)を含有する保護層を設置し、感光体試料7を得た
Example 7 A protective layer containing the same exemplified compound (2) as in Example 3 was placed on the photoreceptor layer (same as the photoreceptor in Comparative Example 2) except for the exemplified compound (2) in Example 5. , photoreceptor sample 7 was obtained.

実施例 8 実施例5の例示化合物(2)を除いた感光体層上に、実
施例4と同様の例示化α物(2)を含有するOCLを設
置し、感光体試料8を得た。
Example 8 OCL containing the same exemplified α substance (2) as in Example 4 was placed on the photoreceptor layer except for the exemplified compound (2) of Example 5, to obtain photoreceptor sample 8.

前記実施例試料1〜8及び比較例試料(1)、(2>に
ついてU■耐性について、帯電性に対する2万回の実写
テスト及びUV曝射による感度変化の定量的測定を行っ
た。
Regarding the U■ resistance of the Example Samples 1 to 8 and Comparative Example Samples (1) and (2>), a 20,000-time photographic test on chargeability and a quantitative measurement of sensitivity change due to UV exposure were conducted.

帯電性実写テストは、本発明の像形成プロセスを行うU
 −Biに2812MR(小西六写真工業(株)製)の
改造実験機に試料感光体ドラムを装着し、正帯電させ、
前記感光体に対する像露光をはじめとする各工程及び定
着からなる単位サイクルを2万回繰遅し、実写テスト初
期の正帯?4電位を十vo、2万回終了後の正帯電電位
を+V、とする。
The chargeability live-action test was carried out using the image forming process of the present invention.
-A sample photoreceptor drum was attached to a modified experimental machine of 2812MR (manufactured by Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd.) on Bi, and positively charged.
The unit cycle consisting of each process including image exposure to the photoreceptor and fixing was repeated 20,000 times, and the normal band at the beginning of the live-action test? 4 potential is 10 vo, and the positive charging potential after 20,000 times is +V.

またUVqA射による感度変化は、既知強度の紫外線を
試料フィルムを裁断した感光体シートに照射し、その照
射前後に於て、+aoovに帯電させた該感光体の電位
を+toovまで裔す露光i[i::::を用いて求め
た。
Sensitivity changes due to UVqA irradiation can be determined by exposure i[ It was determined using i::::.

感光体の感度SはI?、”’O:1/Sの関係として定
義され、E?::が小さいほど感度Sは大きく硬調な画
像かえられる。
Is the sensitivity S of the photoreceptor I? , ``'O:1/S, and the smaller E?::, the greater the sensitivity S, and the higher the contrast of the image.

uvq射前後前後度を夫々So、S、とすれば、その逆
数比n s:(1/ S +)/ (1/ S −)=
 S o/ S +はUV耐性を表し、Rsが大きいほ
どUV耐性があることになる。
If the forward and backward degrees of uvq rays are respectively So and S, then their reciprocal ratio n s: (1/ S +) / (1/ S −) =
S o/S + represents UV resistance, and the larger Rs is, the more UV resistance is.

UV照射は理化学用水銀ランプS Ll L −100
U V−2((抹)東芝製)を用い試料フィルムを断裁
した感光体シートを30cmの距離に置き他の電磁波を
遮断し、UV強度1500cd/cm”で100分間照
射を行い、感度測定は静電試験機(川口電機製作所;5
P−428型)によった。
For UV irradiation, use a mercury lamp for physical and chemical use S Ll L-100
A photoreceptor sheet cut from a sample film using UV-2 (manufactured by Toshiba) was placed at a distance of 30 cm to block other electromagnetic waves, and irradiated with UV intensity of 1500 cd/cm for 100 minutes. Electrostatic testing machine (Kawaguchi Electric Seisakusho; 5
P-428 type).

これらの結果を第1表に示す。These results are shown in Table 1.

第1表 第1表から本発明の感光体はいずれも紫外線耐性および
電子写真特性共にすぐれているのに対17、比較用感光
体は紫外線劣化が昔しく電子写真特性も良くないことが
判る。
Table 1 It can be seen from Table 1 that all of the photoreceptors of the present invention have excellent ultraviolet resistance and electrophotographic properties, whereas the comparative photoreceptors suffer from UV deterioration and have poor electrophotographic properties.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図ないし第3図は本発明の正帯電感光体の断面図で
ある。 第4図は像形成プロセスの説明図である。 1・・・支持体 2・・・電荷輸送層(CTL) 3・・・電荷発生層(CGL) 4・・感光体層 5・・・電荷輸送物質(CTM) 6・・電荷発生物質(CGM) 7・・・保護層(OCL) 20・・・感光体 21・・・帯電器 22・・・現像器 26・・・クリーニング装置
1 to 3 are cross-sectional views of the positively charged photoreceptor of the present invention. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the image forming process. 1... Support 2... Charge transport layer (CTL) 3... Charge generation layer (CGL) 4... Photoreceptor layer 5... Charge transport material (CTM) 6... Charge generation material (CGM) ) 7... Protective layer (OCL) 20... Photoreceptor 21... Charger 22... Developing device 26... Cleaning device

Claims (3)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] (1)導電性支持体上に電荷輸送物質及び電荷発生物質
を含んでなる層を有する電子写真感光体に於て、下記一
般式で表される化合物を含有することを特徴とする電子
写真正帯電感光体。 一般式 ▲数式、化学式、表等があります▼ 〔式中、Aは酸素または硫黄原子を表す。R及びR_1
はアルキル、アリール、アルケニルまたはアラルキルま
たは他の▲数式、化学式、表等があります▼基を含む有
機基の各基を表す。〕
(1) An electrophotographic photoreceptor having a layer containing a charge transporting substance and a charge generating substance on a conductive support, which contains a compound represented by the following general formula. Charged photoreceptor. General formula▲There are mathematical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc.▼ [In the formula, A represents an oxygen or sulfur atom. R and R_1
represents each group of an organic group, including alkyl, aryl, alkenyl or aralkyl or any other ▲ mathematical formula, chemical formula, table, etc. ▼ group. ]
(2)前記電子写真正帯電感光体に於て、導電性支持体
上に電荷輸送層、電荷発生層及び必要に応じ設けられる
保護層の順に積層し、電荷発生層中に電荷輸送物質を含
有し、且つ電荷発生層及び/または必要に応じ設けられ
る保護層に前記一般式で示される化合物を含有すること
を特徴とする特許請求の範囲第1項記載の電子写真正帯
電感光体。
(2) In the electrophotographic positively charged photoreceptor, a charge transport layer, a charge generation layer, and a protective layer provided as necessary are laminated in this order on a conductive support, and the charge generation layer contains a charge transport substance. 2. The positively charged electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1, further comprising a compound represented by the general formula in the charge generation layer and/or a protective layer provided as necessary.
(3)前記電子写真正帯電感光体を用いて、該感光体上
に正電荷を付与し、像露光を行って正の静電潜像を形成
し、トナー現像を施すことを特徴とする像形成プロセス
(3) An image characterized in that, using the electrophotographic positively charged photoreceptor, a positive charge is applied to the photoreceptor, imagewise exposure is performed to form a positive electrostatic latent image, and toner development is performed. formation process.
JP30968986A 1986-12-24 1986-12-24 Electrophotographic positively charged photoreceptor and its image forming process Expired - Lifetime JPH061384B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP30968986A JPH061384B2 (en) 1986-12-24 1986-12-24 Electrophotographic positively charged photoreceptor and its image forming process

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP30968986A JPH061384B2 (en) 1986-12-24 1986-12-24 Electrophotographic positively charged photoreceptor and its image forming process

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS63159855A true JPS63159855A (en) 1988-07-02
JPH061384B2 JPH061384B2 (en) 1994-01-05

Family

ID=17996096

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP30968986A Expired - Lifetime JPH061384B2 (en) 1986-12-24 1986-12-24 Electrophotographic positively charged photoreceptor and its image forming process

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH061384B2 (en)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH061384B2 (en) 1994-01-05

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