JPS63118757A - Electrophotographic developer - Google Patents
Electrophotographic developerInfo
- Publication number
- JPS63118757A JPS63118757A JP61263903A JP26390386A JPS63118757A JP S63118757 A JPS63118757 A JP S63118757A JP 61263903 A JP61263903 A JP 61263903A JP 26390386 A JP26390386 A JP 26390386A JP S63118757 A JPS63118757 A JP S63118757A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- toner
- zirconium oxide
- average particle
- particles
- primary particles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- -1 zirconium oxide compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 235000010724 Wisteria floribunda Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC=C FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBYMUDUGTIKLCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 SBYMUDUGTIKLCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XVTXLKJBAYGTJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpenta-1,4-dien-3-one Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)C=C XVTXLKJBAYGTJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYSRRFNXTXNWCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-phenylethenyl)furan-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C(C=CC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 PYSRRFNXTXNWCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910002012 Aerosil® Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000147 Styrene maleic anhydride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical class C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000800 acrylic rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- XZKRXPZXQLARHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-dienylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XZKRXPZXQLARHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OC=C MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PBZROIMXDZTJDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hepta-1,6-dien-4-one Chemical compound C=CCC(=O)CC=C PBZROIMXDZTJDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009775 high-speed stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lauryl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004668 long chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006247 magnetic powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl vinyl ether Chemical compound COC=C XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006082 mold release agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005673 monoalkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HILCQVNWWOARMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N non-1-en-3-one Chemical compound CCCCCCC(=O)C=C HILCQVNWWOARMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940065472 octyl acrylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002077 partially stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UCUUFSAXZMGPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N penta-1,4-dien-3-one Chemical class C=CC(=O)C=C UCUUFSAXZMGPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- WRAQQYDMVSCOTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 WRAQQYDMVSCOTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012763 reinforcing filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002076 stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl benzoate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl methyl ketone Natural products CC(=O)C=C FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/097—Plasticisers; Charge controlling agents
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/097—Plasticisers; Charge controlling agents
- G03G9/09708—Inorganic compounds
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明において用いる酸化ジルコニウム化合物とは、酸
化ジルコニウムを主体としてなる化合物であり、より具
体的には８０モル％以上が酸化ジルコニウムである化合
物をいう。例えば、ＺｒＯ２と多少の不純物からなる酸
化ジルコニウムの他に、部分安定化ジルコニアあるいは
安定化ジルコニアとして約３モル％乃至約８モル％ｐＹ
２０３を含むもの、あるいは、ＭＱＯ又はＣａＯを含む
もの等があげられ、これらはいずれも好適に用いること
ができる。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The zirconium oxide compound used in the present invention is a compound mainly composed of zirconium oxide, more specifically a compound in which 80 mol% or more is zirconium oxide. For example, in addition to zirconium oxide consisting of ZrO2 and some impurities, about 3 mol% to about 8 mol% pY as partially stabilized zirconia or stabilized zirconia
Examples include those containing 203, and those containing MQO or CaO, and any of these can be suitably used.
本発明において用いる上記酸化ジルコニウム化合物は、
平均粒径０．０５μｍ以下の一次粒子よりなるか、又は
、トナーと混合するにざいし、平均粒径０．０５μｍ以
下の一次粒子になり得るものであることが必要である。The above zirconium oxide compound used in the present invention is
It is necessary that the particles consist of primary particles with an average particle size of 0.05 μm or less, or can become primary particles with an average particle size of 0.05 μm or less when mixed with the toner.
本発明において、「トナーとの混合にざいして、平均粒
径０．０５μｍ以下の一次粒子になり得る酸化ジルコニ
ウム化合物微粉末］とは、トナーに、周知の混合手段に
よって混合するにざいし、酸化ジルコニウム化合物の一
次粒子が凝集して構成された凝集粒子が、周知の混合手
段によって容易に解砕して一次粒子となるような凝集し
た酸化ジルコニウム化合物微粉末を意味する。In the present invention, "zirconium oxide compound fine powder that can become primary particles with an average particle size of 0.05 μm or less when mixed with toner" refers to zirconium oxide compound powder that can be mixed with toner by a well-known mixing means. Agglomerated particles constituted by agglomeration of primary particles of a compound mean agglomerated zirconium oxide compound fine powder that can be easily crushed into primary particles by a well-known mixing means.
本発明において、トナーとの混合にさいして用いる混合
手段としては、当業界において周知の手段が使用できる
。例えば、ヘンシェルミキサー、ナウターミキサ−、ボ
ールミル、■型混合機、タープラミキサ−、ペイントシ
ェーカー等が使用できる。本発明においては、高速攪拌
羽根を内部にもち、せん断力によって粒子の分散を行う
型の混合機、例えばヘンシェルミキサー等が好適である
。In the present invention, as the mixing means used for mixing with the toner, means well known in the art can be used. For example, a Henschel mixer, a Nauta mixer, a ball mill, a type mixer, a Tarpaulin mixer, a paint shaker, etc. can be used. In the present invention, a mixer having a high-speed stirring blade inside and dispersing particles by shearing force, such as a Henschel mixer, is suitable.
又、容器が単純に回転する型の混合機、例えば、Ｖ型混
合機でおってもスチールボールやガラスピーズ等を封入
し、それらによる解砕力を利用れば有利に使用すること
ができる。Further, even a mixer in which the container simply rotates, such as a V-type mixer, can be advantageously used by enclosing steel balls, glass beads, etc. and utilizing the crushing force generated by them.
上記酸化ジルコニウム化合物が一次粒子に解砕されてい
るか否かは、走査型電子顕微鏡で観察することができる
。酸化ジルコニウム化合物の粒子全体のうちの何％が一
次粒子に解砕されていれば良いかは、添加量あるいは解
砕されずに残った凝集粒子が何個の一次粒子より構成さ
れるかによって決まるが、例えば、解砕されずに残った
凝集粒子が数個の一次粒子よりなる場合には、通常の添
加量であれば、約５０％が一次粒子になっていればよい
。また、その他の場合には、約９０％以上が一次粒子に
なっていればよい。Whether or not the zirconium oxide compound has been crushed into primary particles can be observed using a scanning electron microscope. The percentage of the total particles of the zirconium oxide compound that needs to be crushed into primary particles is determined by the amount added or how many primary particles the aggregated particles that remain without being crushed are made up of. However, for example, when the aggregated particles remaining without being crushed are composed of several primary particles, it is sufficient that about 50% of the particles are primary particles if the amount is normally added. In other cases, about 90% or more should be primary particles.
なあ、本発明において用いている平均粒径は、走査型電
子顕微鏡写真から求めた値である。微粒子の平均粒径は
、そのままでも測定できるが、トナー粒子上、あるいは
キャリア（電子写真二成分現像法におけるキャリア）粒
子上に付着させたうえで測定する方が測定し易い。写真
に写された微粒子の投影像を同面積の円の直径を以て、
その微粒子の粒径とし、そして、任意の３０個の微粒子
の粒径を平均したものを以て平均粒径とする。Incidentally, the average particle diameter used in the present invention is a value determined from a scanning electron micrograph. Although the average particle diameter of fine particles can be measured as is, it is easier to measure the fine particles after being deposited on toner particles or carrier particles (carrier in electrophotographic two-component development method). Using the diameter of a circle with the same area as the projected image of the fine particles captured in the photograph,
The particle size of the fine particles is defined as the average particle size, and the average particle size of 30 arbitrary particles is defined as the average particle size.
本発明において用いる酸化ジルコニウム化合物微粉末は
、上記条件を満足するものである限り、疎水化処理を行
ったものでも、行っていないものでもよい。The zirconium oxide compound fine powder used in the present invention may or may not be subjected to hydrophobization treatment as long as it satisfies the above conditions.
上記酸化ジルコニウム化合物微粉末の添加量は、トナー
の重量にもよるが、通常、非磁性トナーでは、トナー１
００重量部に対し、０．１〜１０重量部が好ましく、よ
り好ましくは１〜５重量部である。添加量が０．１重量
部より少ない場合には、トナーの流動性向上に効果がな
く、又、１０重量部を越えると、遊離した酸化ジルコニ
ウム化合物微粉末が、キャリアや他の現像機部材に付着
したり、感光体を傷付けたりする障害がおこる。また、
磁性体を含む磁性トナーはトナーの比重が大きくなるが
、上記の範囲の添加量を比重に応じて換算して添加量を
決めればよい。The amount of the zirconium oxide compound fine powder added depends on the weight of the toner, but usually in non-magnetic toner,
The amount is preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, more preferably 1 to 5 parts by weight. If the amount added is less than 0.1 part by weight, it will not be effective in improving the fluidity of the toner, and if it exceeds 10 parts by weight, the free zirconium oxide compound fine powder may be damaged by the carrier or other developing machine parts. Problems such as adhesion or damage to the photoreceptor may occur. Also,
Although a magnetic toner containing a magnetic substance has a large specific gravity, the amount to be added may be determined by converting the amount in the above range according to the specific gravity.
本発明において用いるトナーは、着色剤および結着樹脂
よりなり、その他公知の添加剤を含有してもよい。着色
剤としては、カーボンブラック、シアンカラー、マゼン
タカラー、イエローカラー、体質顔料等の染料及び顔料
が使用できる。結着樹脂としては従来周知のものを用い
ることができる。The toner used in the present invention consists of a colorant and a binder resin, and may contain other known additives. As the coloring agent, dyes and pigments such as carbon black, cyan color, magenta color, yellow color, and extender pigments can be used. As the binder resin, conventionally known binder resins can be used.
例えば、スチレン、クロルスチレン、ビニルスチレン等
のスチレン類：エチレン、プロピレン、ブチレン、イソ
ブチレン等のモノオレフィン：酢酸ビニル、プロピオン
酸ビニル、安息香酸ビニル、酪酸ビニル等のビニルエス
テル：アクリル酸メチル、アクリル酸エチル、アクリル
酸ブチル、アクリル酸ドデシル、アクリル酸オクチル、
アクリル酸フェニル、メタクリル酸メチル、メタクリル
酸エチル、メタクリル酸ブチル、メタクリル醒ドデシル
等のα−メチレン脂肪族モノカルボン酸のエステル：ビ
ニルメチルエーテル、ビニルエチルエーテル、ビニルブ
チルエーテル等のビニルエーテル：ビニルメチルケトン
、ビニルへキシルケトン、ビニルイソプロペニルケトン
等のビニルケトン等の単独重合体あるいは共重合体を例
示することができ、特に代表的な結着樹脂としては、ポ
リスチレン、スチレン−アクリル酸アルキル共重合体、
スチレン−メタクリル酸アルキル共重合体、スチレン−
アクリロニトリル共重合体、スチレン−ブタジェン共重
合体、スチレン−無水マレイン酸共重合体、ポリエチレ
ン、ポリプロピレンを挙げることができる。For example, styrenes such as styrene, chlorostyrene, and vinylstyrene; monoolefins such as ethylene, propylene, butylene, and isobutylene; vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl benzoate, and vinyl butyrate; methyl acrylate, acrylic acid; Ethyl, butyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, octyl acrylate,
Esters of α-methylene aliphatic monocarboxylic acids such as phenyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, and dodecyl methacrylate; vinyl ethers such as vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether, and vinyl butyl ether; vinyl methyl ketone; Examples include homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl ketones such as vinyl hexyl ketone and vinyl isopropenyl ketone. Particularly representative binder resins include polystyrene, styrene-alkyl acrylate copolymers,
Styrene-alkyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-
Examples include acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, polyethylene, and polypropylene.
更に天然及び合成ワックス類ポリエステル、ポリアミド
、エポキシ樹脂、ポリカーボネート、ポリウレタン、シ
リコーン系樹脂、フッ素系樹脂、石油樹脂等を用いるこ
とができる。Furthermore, natural and synthetic waxes such as polyester, polyamide, epoxy resin, polycarbonate, polyurethane, silicone resin, fluorine resin, petroleum resin, etc. can be used.
又、添加剤としては、例えば、フェライト等の磁性体、
電荷制御剤、導電性調節剤、酸化スズ、酸化チタン、シ
リカ、アルミナ、酸化亜鉛等の金属酸化物、体質顔料、
繊維状物質などの補強充填剤、酸化防止剤、離型剤等を
必要に応じて含有させることができる。In addition, examples of additives include magnetic materials such as ferrite,
Charge control agents, conductivity regulators, metal oxides such as tin oxide, titanium oxide, silica, alumina, zinc oxide, extender pigments,
A reinforcing filler such as a fibrous substance, an antioxidant, a mold release agent, etc. can be contained as necessary.
本発明においては、酸化ジルコニウム化合物微粉末の他
に、他の外添剤を併用してもよい。そのような外添剤と
しては、シリカ、カーボン、アルミナ、酸化チタン、酸
化亜鉛、樹脂粉末、酸化スズ、長鎖脂肪酸、その金属塩
粉末等をめげることができる。In the present invention, other external additives may be used in combination with the zirconium oxide compound fine powder. Examples of such external additives include silica, carbon, alumina, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, resin powder, tin oxide, long chain fatty acids, and powders of metal salts thereof.
本発明の電子写真現像剤は、上記トナーに、上記酸化ジ
ルコニウム化合物微粉末及び、必要に応じて、その他の
外添剤を添加し、上記した混合手段を用いて混合するこ
とによって製造することができ、それによって酸化ジル
コニウム化合物微粒子及び必要に応じて添加された外添
剤がトナー粒子表面に付着した状態になる。なあ、得ら
れた電子写真現像剤に熱風を当てて、酸化ジルコニウム
化合物微粒子その他の外添剤をトナー粒子表面に固＠さ
せてもよい。The electrophotographic developer of the present invention can be produced by adding the above-mentioned zirconium oxide compound fine powder and, if necessary, other external additives to the above-mentioned toner and mixing them using the above-mentioned mixing means. As a result, the fine particles of the zirconium oxide compound and the external additive added as necessary become attached to the surface of the toner particles. Incidentally, hot air may be applied to the obtained electrophotographic developer to solidify the zirconium oxide compound fine particles and other external additives on the surface of the toner particles.
本発明の電子写真現像剤は、−成分現像剤として、又は
二成分現像剤として使用される。The electrophotographic developer of the present invention is used as a one-component developer or a two-component developer.
実施例 次に、本発明を実施例によって説明する。Example Next, the present invention will be explained by examples.
実施例１
トナーの組成
スチレン／ブチルアクリレート １００部（８０
／２０）共重合体
カーボンブラック
（商品名：＃４０００、三菱化成社製）１０部低力子量
ポリエチレンワックス ５部電荷制御剤
２部（商品８二ボントロンＰ−５
１、
オリエント化学社製）
上記成分をブレンダーでよく混合した後、ニーダ−で混
練した。混線物をフイッミルで粗粉砕した後、ジェット
気流を用いた微粉砕機を用いて粉砕し、さらに風力分級
機を用いて分級して粒径５〜２０μｍの微粉体を得た。Example 1 Toner composition Styrene/butyl acrylate 100 parts (80 parts
/20) Copolymer carbon black (trade name: #4000, manufactured by Mitsubishi Kasei Corporation) 10 parts Low force quantum polyethylene wax 5 parts Charge control agent
Part 2 (Product 82 Bontron P-5
1, manufactured by Orient Chemical Co., Ltd.) The above components were thoroughly mixed in a blender, and then kneaded in a kneader. The mixed material was coarsely pulverized using a fuimir, then pulverized using a pulverizer using a jet stream, and further classified using an air classifier to obtain a fine powder having a particle size of 5 to 20 μm.
次いで、この微粉末１００部に３モル％の酸化イツトリ
ウムを含有してしている、平均粒径０．０２０μｍの酸
化ジルコニウム（商品名：Ｎ５−３Ｙ、日本触媒社製）
２部をヘンシェルミキサー（三井三池化工機製）で羽根
周速２０ＴｒＬ／ＳｅＣで５分間混合して電子写真現像
剤を得た。酸化ジルコニウムの混合後のトナー粒子の表
面を走査型電子顕微鏡により観察したところ、酸化ジル
コニウムが均一に一次粒子の状態でトナー粒子表面に分
散していることが分った。Next, zirconium oxide (trade name: N5-3Y, manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.) having an average particle size of 0.020 μm and containing 3 mol% of yttrium oxide in 100 parts of this fine powder was added.
Two parts were mixed in a Henschel mixer (manufactured by Mitsui Miike Kakoki) for 5 minutes at a blade peripheral speed of 20 TrL/SeC to obtain an electrophotographic developer. When the surface of the toner particles after mixing zirconium oxide was observed using a scanning electron microscope, it was found that zirconium oxide was uniformly dispersed on the surface of the toner particles in the form of primary particles.
この電子写真現像剤を、図面に概略を示した非磁性−成
分現像装置に入れて、トナー粒子の帯電性及びコピーテ
ストを実施した。なお、図面において、１は静電潜像保
持体、２は現像機本体、３はホッパー、４は現像剤、５
は現像ロール、６はバイアス電源、７は層形成帯電部材
、８は電源、９は静電潜像である。現像ロール５は、シ
ャフトの表面に約１ｏ１０Ω・ｃｍのフェノール樹脂が
設けられたものであり、層形成帯電部材７はシリコンゴ
ムである。ポツパー３に上記の現像剤をいれ、層形成帯
電部材７でほぼ単層に現像剤層を形成し、現像ロール上
の帯電した現像剤をブローオフし平行電界内を通過させ
て、その到達距離にて帯電量を測定した。（詳細は、特
開昭５７−７９９５８に記載されている。）帯電量は、
現像剤の到達距離と現像剤粒径を光学顕微鏡で測定し、
その画像解析より求めた値である。This electrophotographic developer was placed in a non-magnetic-component developing apparatus as schematically shown in the drawings, and toner particle charging and copying tests were conducted. In the drawings, 1 is an electrostatic latent image holder, 2 is a developing machine main body, 3 is a hopper, 4 is a developer, and 5 is a developer.
1 is a developing roll, 6 is a bias power source, 7 is a layer forming charging member, 8 is a power source, and 9 is an electrostatic latent image. The developing roll 5 has a shaft surface coated with a phenol resin of about 1010 Ω·cm, and the layer forming charging member 7 is made of silicone rubber. The above-mentioned developer is put into the popper 3, a layer of developer is formed into almost a single layer by the layer-forming charging member 7, and the charged developer on the developing roll is blown off and passed through a parallel electric field to reach the distance. The amount of charge was measured. (Details are described in JP-A-57-79958.) The amount of charge is:
The developer reach distance and developer particle size are measured using an optical microscope.
This is the value obtained from the image analysis.
本発明の現像剤は、常温／常湿、３５℃／８５％ＲＨ１
及び１５℃／１０％ＲＨのそれぞれの環境において強い
正帯電性を示し、かつ環境による帯電量の変動が少ない
ことが分る。なお、トナーの帯電量分布もいずれの環境
においても狭く、逆極性トナー量も少なかった。The developer of the present invention is normal temperature/normal humidity, 35°C/85%RH1
It can be seen that the sample exhibits strong positive chargeability in the following environments: Note that the toner charge amount distribution was narrow in all environments, and the amount of toner with opposite polarity was also small.
ざらに、本発明の電子写真現像剤を複写ａＦＸ−２７０
０（富士ゼロックス社製）改造機に適用して複写操作を
行なったところ、得られた画像は、濃度が前記のそれぞ
れの環境において十分高く、地かぶりも全くなく、さら
に画像周辺のトナーの飛びちりがなく解像力の高いもの
であった。上記現像剤を用いて連続してコピー画像を調
べた結果２万枚時の画像も初期の画像と比較して全くそ
ん色のないものであり、また、感光体のキズ、あるいは
クリーニング不良も発生しなかった。Copying the electrophotographic developer of the present invention aFX-270
0 (manufactured by Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.) when copying was performed using a modified machine, the resulting images had sufficiently high density in each of the above environments, had no background fog, and had no toner scattering around the image. It was free of dust and had high resolution. After continuously examining copied images using the above developer, the images after 20,000 copies were completely uncolored compared to the initial images, and there were also scratches on the photoreceptor or poor cleaning. I didn't.
実施例２
外添剤として８モル％の酸化イツトリウムを含有してい
る平均粒径０．０１３μｍの酸化ジルコニウム微粉末（
商品名：Ｎ５−８Ｙ、日本触媒社製）を４％外添した他
は実施例１と同様にして電子写真現像剤を得、帯電量を
測定した後、コピーテストを行った。Example 2 Zirconium oxide fine powder with an average particle size of 0.013 μm containing 8 mol% yttrium oxide as an external additive (
An electrophotographic developer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 4% of N5-8Y (trade name: N5-8Y, manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.) was externally added, and after measuring the amount of charge, a copy test was conducted.
トナーの帯電量は第１表に示すように３環境とも安定で
あり、画像濃度及びその均一性、地かぶり、トナーの飛
びちりとも全く問題がなかった。As shown in Table 1, the toner charge amount was stable in all three environments, and there were no problems with image density, its uniformity, background fog, or toner scattering.
さらに、電子写真現像剤を補給しつつ２万枚まで複写操
作を行ったが、３環境ともに良好な画像が得られた。ま
た、感光体のキズ、あるいはクリーニング不良も発生し
なかった。Furthermore, copying operations were performed for up to 20,000 sheets while replenishing electrophotographic developer, and good images were obtained in all three environments. Furthermore, no scratches on the photoreceptor or poor cleaning occurred.
実施例３
外添剤として酸化イツトリウムを含有していない平均粒
径０．０３８μｍの酸化ジルコニウム微粉末（商品名：
Ｎ５−ＯＹ、日本触媒社製）を３％外添した他は実施
例１と同様にして電子写真現像剤を得、帯電量を測定し
た後、コピーテストを行った。Example 3 Fine zirconium oxide powder (trade name:
An electrophotographic developer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 3% of N5-OY (manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.) was externally added, and after measuring the amount of charge, a copy test was conducted.
トナーの帯電量は第１表に示すように３環境とも安定で
あり、画像濃度及びの均一性、地かぶり、トナーの飛び
ちりとも全く問題がなかった。As shown in Table 1, the toner charge amount was stable in all three environments, and there were no problems with image density and uniformity, background fogging, or toner scattering.
ざらに、電子写真現像剤を補給しつつ２万枚まで複写操
作を行ったが、３環境ともに良好な画像が得られた。ま
た、感光体のキズ、あるいはクリーニング不良も発生し
なかった。Roughly, I made copies of up to 20,000 copies while replenishing the electrophotographic developer, and good images were obtained in all three environments. Furthermore, no scratches on the photoreceptor or poor cleaning occurred.
実施例４
混合方法としては、■ブレンダーを用い３０ｐｐｍで６
０分間混合する以外は、実施例１と同様にして電子写真
現像剤を得た。Example 4 The mixing method was as follows: ■ Using a blender, 6
An electrophotographic developer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mixture was mixed for 0 minutes.
混合復のトナー粒子表面を走査型電子顕微鏡により観察
したところ、酸化ジルコニウムが均一に一次粒子の状態
でトナー粒子表面に分散していることが分った。When the surface of the mixed toner particles was observed using a scanning electron microscope, it was found that zirconium oxide was uniformly dispersed on the surface of the toner particles in the form of primary particles.
トナーの帯電量は第１表に示すように３環境とも安定で
あり、画像濃度及びその均一性、地かぶり、トナーの飛
びちりとも全く問題がなかった。As shown in Table 1, the toner charge amount was stable in all three environments, and there were no problems with image density, its uniformity, background fog, or toner scattering.
ざらに、電子写真現像剤を補給しつつ２万枚まで画出し
を行ったが、３環境ともに良好な画像が得られた。また
、感光体のキズ、あるいはクリーニング不良も発生しな
かった。Roughly, images were printed up to 20,000 sheets while replenishing electrophotographic developer, and good images were obtained in all three environments. Furthermore, no scratches on the photoreceptor or poor cleaning occurred.
実施例５
実施例１の電子写真現像剤３重量部と含フツ素樹脂をコ
ートした１００μ鉄粉キヤリア１００重量部とを１０分
間混合攪拌して２成分現像剤を得た。このときの帯電量
は、１２．１μＣ／ｇであった。Example 5 Three parts by weight of the electrophotographic developer of Example 1 and 100 parts by weight of a 100μ iron powder carrier coated with a fluorine-containing resin were mixed and stirred for 10 minutes to obtain a two-component developer. The amount of charge at this time was 12.1 μC/g.
この電子写真現像剤を使用して富士ゼロックス１０７５
でコピーテストを行ったところ、得られた画像は、濃度
が、前出それぞれの環境において十分に高く、地かぶり
もなく、ざらに、画像周辺のトナーの飛びちりがなく、
解像力の高い良好なものであった。上記電子写真現像剤
を用いて、連続してコピー画像を調べた結果、４０万枚
時の画像も初期の画像と比較して全くそん色がなかった
。Fuji Xerox 1075 using this electrophotographic developer
When we conducted a copy test with
It was of good quality with high resolution. As a result of continuously examining copied images using the above-mentioned electrophotographic developer, the images after 400,000 copies had no color change at all compared to the initial images.
実施例６
ボントロンＰ−５１の代わりに、電荷調製剤としてボン
トロン５−３４ （オリエント化学社製）２重量部を使
用する他は、実施例１と同様にして負帯電性電子写真現
像剤を得た。Example 6 A negatively charging electrophotographic developer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 2 parts by weight of Bontron 5-34 (manufactured by Orient Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used as a charge adjusting agent instead of Bontron P-51. Ta.
この電子写真現像剤を第１図の非磁性−成分現像装置に
入れて、トナーの帯電性及びコピーテストを実施した。This electrophotographic developer was placed in the non-magnetic component developing apparatus shown in FIG. 1, and toner chargeability and copy tests were conducted.
このコピーテストは、富士ゼロックスＦＸ−２３００を
改造して行った。それぞれの環境において電子写真現像
剤の負帯電は小さく、又、得られた画像は、濃度が十分
に高く、中抜けもなく、地かぶりもなく、ざらに画像周
辺のトナーの飛びちりがなく、解像力の高い良好なもの
であった。This copy test was conducted using a modified Fuji Xerox FX-2300. In each environment, the negative charge of the electrophotographic developer was small, and the resulting images had sufficiently high density, no hollow areas, no background fog, and no toner scattering around the edges of the images. It was of good quality with high resolution.
上記電子写真現像剤を用いて、連続してコピー画像を調
べた結果、２万枚時の画像も初期の画像と比較して全く
そん色がなかった。As a result of continuously examining copied images using the above-mentioned electrophotographic developer, the images after 20,000 copies had no color change at all compared to the initial images.
実施例７
実施例６のトナー３重量部と被覆を施していない１００
μｍフェライトキャリア１００重量部とを１０分間混合
攪拌して２成分現像剤を得た。このときの帯電量は−１
１，５μＣ／ｇであった。Example 7 3 parts by weight of the toner of Example 6 and 100 parts by weight without coating
A two-component developer was obtained by mixing and stirring 100 parts by weight of μm ferrite carrier for 10 minutes. The amount of charge at this time is -1
It was 1.5 μC/g.
この電子写真現像剤を使用して富士ゼロックスＦＸ−５
８７０でコピーテストを行ったところ、得られた画像は
、濃度が、前出それぞれの環境において十分に高く、地
かぶりもなく、ざらに、画像周辺のトナーの飛びちりが
なく、解像力の高い良好なものであった。上記電子写真
現像剤を用いて、連続してコピー画像を調べた結果、４
０万枚時の画像も初期の画像と比較して全くそん色がな
かった。Fuji Xerox FX-5 using this electrophotographic developer
When we conducted a copy test using the 870, the resulting images had a sufficiently high density in each of the environments mentioned above, no background fog, no roughness, no toner scattering around the image, and good resolution with high resolution. It was something. As a result of continuously examining copied images using the above electrophotographic developer, 4
The image at 00,000 prints was also completely dull compared to the initial image.
実施例８
スチレン・アクリル樹脂 １００重量％（商品名
；プライオライドＡＣＬ。Example 8 Styrene/acrylic resin 100% by weight (trade name: Prioride ACL).
グツド・イヤー社製）
電荷制御剤 ２重量％（商品８二
ボントロンＰ−５１、
オリエント化学社製）
低分子量ポリプロピレン ５重量％（商品名：
ビスコール５５０Ｐ 。(manufactured by Good Year) Charge control agent 2% by weight (product 8 Nibontron P-51, manufactured by Orient Chemical Co., Ltd.) Low molecular weight polypropylene 5% by weight (product name:
Viscole 550P.
三洋化成工業社製）
磁性粉 ４０重量％（商品名
：マピコブラックＢＬ−５００、チタン工業社製）
カーボンブラック ２重量％（商品名
：モーガル［、
キャボット社製）
上記成分を混合、混練、粉砕、分級し、平均粒径１３μ
而の一成分用の磁性トナーを得た。(Manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd.) Magnetic powder 40% by weight (Product name: Mapico Black BL-500, manufactured by Titanium Industries, Ltd.) Carbon black 2% by weight (Product name: Mogul [, manufactured by Cabot Corporation) The above components were mixed, kneaded, Pulverized and classified to an average particle size of 13μ
A magnetic toner for one component was obtained.
上記磁性トナー１００重量部、酸化ジルコニウム（商品
名： ８３−３Ｙ 、日本触媒社製）１．５重量部をヘ
ンシェルミキサーに入れ、周速比２０ｍ／ｓｅｃで５分
間混合し、現像剤を得た。100 parts by weight of the above magnetic toner and 1.5 parts by weight of zirconium oxide (trade name: 83-3Y, manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.) were placed in a Henschel mixer and mixed for 5 minutes at a peripheral speed ratio of 20 m/sec to obtain a developer. .
この電子写真現像剤を複写機ＦＸ−２７００に入れコピ
ーをとったところ、常温常湿において、２万枚複写俊に
おいても、画像濃度の低下及びカブリもみられず、良好
な画質が得られた。３５℃／８５％及び１５℃／１０％
の環境下において、同様にコピーを取ったところ、２万
枚複写後においても、良好な画質を得ることができた。When this electrophotographic developer was placed in a copying machine FX-2700 and copies were made, good image quality was obtained with no decrease in image density or fogging observed even after 20,000 copies were made at room temperature and humidity. 35℃/85% and 15℃/10%
When copies were made in the same manner under this environment, good image quality was obtained even after 20,000 copies were made.
比較例１
酸化ジルコニウムを外添しない他は実施例１と同様にし
て現像剤を得、コピーテストを行った。Comparative Example 1 A developer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that zirconium oxide was not externally added, and a copy test was conducted.
地かぶり、トナーの飛びちりはなかったが、画像濃度が
低かった。比較例２
酸化ジルコニウムの代わりに、平均粒径０．０１６μｍ
のシリカ微粉末（商品名： Ｒ９７２、日本アエロジル
社製）を０．５重量部外添した他は、実施例１と同様に
して現像剤を得た。There was no background fogging or toner scattering, but the image density was low. Comparative Example 2 Instead of zirconium oxide, average particle size 0.016 μm
A developer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 0.5 parts by weight of silica fine powder (trade name: R972, manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) was externally added.
なお、外添剤の分散状態を走査型電子顕微鏡により観察
したところ、均一に１次粒子状に分散していた。Note that when the dispersion state of the external additive was observed using a scanning electron microscope, it was found that it was uniformly dispersed in the form of primary particles.
初期においても、トナーの帯電量は低く、また、帯電量
分布が広く、逆極性トナーが多かった。Even in the initial stage, the charge amount of the toner was low, the charge amount distribution was wide, and there were many toners of opposite polarity.
コピーテストの結果、画像濃度は高かったが、地かぶり
、トナーの飛びちりが激しかった。The copy test results showed that the image density was high, but the background fog and toner scattering were severe.
比較例３
平均粒径０．０２μ汎の酸化ジルコニウム（商品名：Ｎ
Ｓ−３Ｙ）の代わりに、平均粒径０．３μｍの酸化ジル
コニウム（商品名： 丁Ｚ−３Ｙ 、東洋曹達工業社製
）を２重量部外添した他は実施例１と同様にして電子写
真現像剤を得た。この酸化ジルコニウムの１次粒子の粒
径は、０．０２４μ瓦であったが、外添剤の分散状態を
走査型電子顕微鏡により観察したところ、０．３μｍ程
度の凝集体が多数みられた。Comparative Example 3 Zirconium oxide (trade name: N
Electrophotography was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 2 parts by weight of zirconium oxide (trade name: Ding Z-3Y, manufactured by Toyo Soda Kogyo Co., Ltd.) with an average particle size of 0.3 μm was added instead of S-3Y). A developer was obtained. The particle size of the primary particles of zirconium oxide was 0.024 μm, but when the dispersion state of the external additive was observed using a scanning electron microscope, many aggregates of about 0.3 μm were observed.
コピーテストの結果、地かぶり、トナーの飛びちりはな
かったが、初期から画像濃度が１．１０と低く、中央け
が発生し、又、２万枚時感光体上にキズが多数みられた
。As a result of the copy test, there was no background fogging or toner scattering, but the image density was low at 1.10 from the beginning, a center blemish occurred, and many scratches were observed on the photoreceptor after 20,000 copies.
各実施例及び比較例の評価結果を第１．２及び第３表に
示す。The evaluation results for each example and comparative example are shown in Tables 1.2 and 3.
第１表
第２表
第３表
発明の効果
本発明の電子写真現像剤は、トナー粒子の表面に平均粒
径０．０５μｍ以下の酸化ジルコニウム化合物微粒子が
均一に付着しているから、上記の比較からも明らかなよ
うに、現像性及び流動性の両者において優れたものであ
り、そして又、現像性の温度、湿度依存性が著しく小ざ
い。したがって、どのような環境の下での繰返し使用に
ざいしても、中扱け、細線の細り、画像ぼけ、にじみ、
かぶり等の画像欠陥のない優れた画質の画像が得られる
。Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Effects of the Invention The electrophotographic developer of the present invention has zirconium oxide compound fine particles with an average particle size of 0.05 μm or less uniformly attached to the surface of the toner particles, so compared to the above comparison. As is clear from the above, it is excellent in both developability and fluidity, and the dependence of developability on temperature and humidity is extremely small. Therefore, even if used repeatedly under any environment, it will not cause any problems such as thinning of fine lines, blurring of images, blurring, etc.
An image of excellent quality without image defects such as fogging can be obtained.
図面は、本発明の電子写真現像剤が使用される非磁性−
成分現像装置の概略の構成を示す説明図である。
１・・・静電潜像保持体、２・・・現像機本体、３・・
・ホッパー、４・・・現像剤、５・・・現像ロール、６
・・・バイアス電源、７・・・層形成帯電部材、８・・
・電源、９・・・静電潜像。The drawing shows a non-magnetic film in which the electrophotographic developer of the present invention is used.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic configuration of a component developing device. 1... Electrostatic latent image holder, 2... Developing machine body, 3...
・Hopper, 4...Developer, 5...Developing roll, 6
... Bias power supply, 7... Layer forming charging member, 8...
・Power source, 9...electrostatic latent image.
Claims (1)
コニウム化合物微粉末、又はトナーとの混合にさいして
平均粒径０．０５μｍ以下の一次粒子になり得る酸化ジ
ルコニウム化合物微粉末をトナーに添加してなることを
特徴とする、トナー粒子表面に酸化ジルコニウム化合物
微粒子が付着してなる電子写真現像剤。A zirconium oxide compound fine powder consisting of primary particles with an average particle size of 0.05 μm or less, or a zirconium oxide compound fine powder that can become primary particles with an average particle size of 0.05 μm or less when mixed with the toner, is added to the toner. An electrophotographic developer comprising fine particles of a zirconium oxide compound attached to the surface of toner particles.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61263903A JPH0690540B2 (en) | 1986-11-07 | 1986-11-07 | Electrophotographic developer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61263903A JPH0690540B2 (en) | 1986-11-07 | 1986-11-07 | Electrophotographic developer |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS63118757A true JPS63118757A (en) | 1988-05-23 |
| JPH0690540B2 JPH0690540B2 (en) | 1994-11-14 |
Family
ID=17395861
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61263903A Expired - Lifetime JPH0690540B2 (en) | 1986-11-07 | 1986-11-07 | Electrophotographic developer |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0690540B2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5422214A (en) * | 1992-02-14 | 1995-06-06 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Dry toner for developing electrostatic latent image, process for producing same, and image formation process using same |
| JP2012173575A (en) * | 2011-02-22 | 2012-09-10 | Kyocera Document Solutions Inc | Positively chargeable toner |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5803583B2 (en) | 2011-11-07 | 2015-11-04 | 株式会社リコー | Photopolymerizable inkjet ink |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60243665A (en) * | 1984-05-18 | 1985-12-03 | Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd | Toner for electrostatic image development |
-
1986
- 1986-11-07 JP JP61263903A patent/JPH0690540B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60243665A (en) * | 1984-05-18 | 1985-12-03 | Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd | Toner for electrostatic image development |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5422214A (en) * | 1992-02-14 | 1995-06-06 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Dry toner for developing electrostatic latent image, process for producing same, and image formation process using same |
| JP2012173575A (en) * | 2011-02-22 | 2012-09-10 | Kyocera Document Solutions Inc | Positively chargeable toner |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0690540B2 (en) | 1994-11-14 |
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