JPS6283601A - Measurement of variation of ground surface - Google Patents
Measurement of variation of ground surfaceInfo
- Publication number
- JPS6283601A JPS6283601A JP22563485A JP22563485A JPS6283601A JP S6283601 A JPS6283601 A JP S6283601A JP 22563485 A JP22563485 A JP 22563485A JP 22563485 A JP22563485 A JP 22563485A JP S6283601 A JPS6283601 A JP S6283601A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- displacement
- ground surface
- detectors
- points
- directions
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- A Measuring Device Byusing Mechanical Method (AREA)
- Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
産業上の利用分野
本発明は地表面の二点間の相対変位を多元的に測定する
地表面変動測定方法に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a ground surface variation measuring method for multidimensionally measuring relative displacement between two points on the ground surface.
従来の技術
従来、地表面変動測定方法として地表に設けた二つの固
定点間をワイヤーα０で結び、固定点間の相対移動量を
２定点間に結ばれたワイヤーの距離の変化を伸縮計（９
）で測シ、更に該２定点の近傍において地表面に対し鉛
直方向に対する傾斜の変化を傾斜計α→で測定する方法
が用いられていた。Conventional technology Conventionally, as a method for measuring ground surface deformation, two fixed points set on the ground surface are connected with a wire α0, and the relative movement between the two fixed points is measured using an extensometer ( 9
), and a method was used in which changes in inclination relative to the vertical direction of the ground surface were measured using an inclinometer α→ in the vicinity of the two fixed points.
発明が解決しようとする間、須点
前記のように構成された従来方法においては、地表面が
斜面であって移動方向や地盤の変形方向が予想される場
合は伸縮計（９）をその方向に設置して有効な地表面の
変動測定が可能であるが、その方向が不明な場合は移動
方向に伸縮計（９）が設置できず移動量の正確な測定が
できなかった。また地表面変動はしばしば地盤の上下動
も伴うので伸縮計のみでは地表面に平行な移動量以外の
成分は測定できず両者が混在すると測定値に著しい誤差
を生じ解析結果の結論が轟を得ないものになっていた。While the invention is trying to solve the problem, in the conventional method configured as described above, if the ground surface is a slope and the direction of movement or deformation of the ground is expected, the extensometer (9) is moved in that direction. However, if the direction is unknown, the extensometer (9) cannot be installed in the direction of movement, making it impossible to accurately measure the amount of movement. In addition, ground surface deformation is often accompanied by vertical movement of the ground, so using an extensometer alone cannot measure components other than the amount of movement parallel to the ground surface.If both are mixed, significant errors will occur in the measured values, and the conclusion of the analysis results will be unclear. It had become nothing.
寸だ上下動を測定するために傾斜計αυを用い、上下動
の移動量に変換換算していたが伸縮計（９）の設置定点
と全く同一地点には設置困難で測定地点かず、Ｉしてし
まって、特定二定点間の変位測定としては完全なものは
得られなかった・などの種々の欠点があった。An inclinometer αυ was used to measure vertical movement, and the amount of vertical movement was converted into the amount of vertical movement, but it was difficult to install it at the exact same point as the extensometer (9), and there was no measurement point. There were various drawbacks, such as the fact that it was not possible to obtain a perfect displacement measurement between two specific fixed points.
本発明は、上記の問題点を解決するためになされたもの
である。The present invention has been made to solve the above problems.
問題を解決するだめの手段
本発明は特定点における地表面の変動量を測定する方法
の発明であって、直状剛体棒（１）を地表面の二定点の
一端部Ａに該直状剛体棒（１）の軸方向（以’ＦＸ軸方
向という）には固定し該直状剛体棒且つＹ軸方向は地表
面に対し垂直な方向をいう）には、それぞれの軸回りに
回転自在に球面軸受（４ンで軸着し、又該二定点の他端
Ｂには該直状剛体棒（１）の他端をＸ軸方向には移動可
能に回転体であるローラ軸受（２）挾持し貫通させ、且
つＺ軸Ｙ １１４１Ｊ回りには回転自在に軸着しである
。更に二定点の一端Ａ部には該直状剛体棒（１）のＺ軸
・Ｙ軸方向のそれぞれの変位量を検出器する検出器（７
） （８）を設け、又二定点の他端Ｂ部は該直状剛体棒
（１）のＸ軸方向の変位量を検出する変位検出器（３）
を備えている。Means for Solving the Problem The present invention is an invention of a method for measuring the amount of variation in the ground surface at a specific point. The rod (1) is fixed in the axial direction (hereinafter referred to as the FX axis direction), and is rotatable around each axis in the straight rigid rod (the Y axis direction is a direction perpendicular to the ground surface). A spherical bearing (mounted at 4 pins), and a roller bearing (2), which is a rotating body, is mounted at the other end B of the two fixed points so that the other end of the straight rigid rod (1) can be moved in the X-axis direction. 1141J, and is rotatably mounted around the Z-axis Y 1141J.Furthermore, at one end A of the two fixed points, the displacement amount of the straight rigid rod (1) in the Z-axis and Y-axis directions is measured. Detector (7
) (8), and the other end B of the two fixed points is a displacement detector (3) for detecting the amount of displacement of the straight rigid rod (1) in the X-axis direction.
It is equipped with
作用
地表面の二点のうち一点を不動点とみなし、他点の変動
を二点を結ぶ直線上の変動と二点を結ぶ直線に垂直な面
内で互いに直交する二方向の変動の三方向の変動を互い
に独立した変位量として測定するものである。One of the two points on the surface of the working ground is regarded as a fixed point, and the fluctuations of the other points are divided into three directions: fluctuation on a straight line connecting the two points, and fluctuation in two directions perpendicular to each other in a plane perpendicular to the straight line connecting the two points. This method measures the fluctuations of the two as mutually independent displacement amounts.
実施例 以下図面に基づいて本発明の詳細な説明する。Example The present invention will be described in detail below based on the drawings.
第１図は本発明の構成図である。図において地表面の一
定点Ａには直状剛体棒（１）をＸ軸方向には固定の球面
軸受（４）で保持し、この球面軸受（４）は取付台０■
を介して地表面の動きがそのまま伝達されるように設置
する。直状剛体棒（１）の長さは地表面の構造・地下地
盤の構造等により必ずしも一定に限られるもので無く地
表面の解析部分に適した任意長とすれば良い、本発明の
実施例は５メートルである。地表面の他定点Ｂは直状剛
体棒（１）の他端を保持すべくローラ軸受（２）を前述
と同様の取付台ｉを設置し固持せしめる。ローラ軸受（
２）はＸ軸方向に該直状剛体棒（１）を自由に移動でき
、且つＹ＃］・；−Ｚ軸回りには回転自在な構造である
。地表面にお：Ｉｒ！入
いては一定点Ａに対し他定点Ｂが移動したときＸ軸方向
のみならず上下動並びに左右の動きも予想され、それら
の動きが多元的に測定されねばならず、本発明はそれら
の多元的変動に対しＸ軸・Ｚ軸・Ｚ軸に独立し自由度を
持たせ、あらゆる方向の動きに対応できるものである。FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the present invention. In the figure, a straight rigid rod (1) is held at a fixed point A on the ground surface by a fixed spherical bearing (4) in the X-axis direction, and this spherical bearing (4) is attached to a mounting base 0
The system is installed so that the movement of the ground surface is directly transmitted through the system. An embodiment of the present invention in which the length of the straight rigid rod (1) is not necessarily limited to a certain value depending on the structure of the ground surface, the structure of the underground ground, etc., and may be any length suitable for the analysis part of the ground surface. is 5 meters. At another fixed point B on the ground surface, a mounting base i similar to that described above is installed to securely hold the roller bearing (2) in order to hold the other end of the straight rigid rod (1). Roller bearing (
2) has a structure in which the straight rigid rod (1) can be freely moved in the X-axis direction and rotatable around the Y#].;-Z axis. On the ground: Ir! When a fixed point B moves with respect to a fixed point A, vertical and horizontal movements are expected as well as in the X-axis direction, and these movements must be measured in multiple dimensions. The X-axis, Z-axis, and Z-axis have independent degrees of freedom in response to physical fluctuations, and can respond to movements in all directions.
地表面変動によるＸ軸・Ｚ軸・Ｚ軸の変位量を検出する
だめにＸ軸方向に対しては検出器（３）を備え、定点Ｂ
に対する定点Ａの相対変位を測定する。検出器（３）は
定点Ｂに対し固定し、第１図に示す如く直状剛体棒（１
）のＸ軸方向の変動に対してのみ出力感度を有する機構
で設置しである。In order to detect the amount of displacement in the
Measure the relative displacement of fixed point A with respect to The detector (3) is fixed to a fixed point B, and a straight rigid rod (1
) is installed with a mechanism that has output sensitivity only to fluctuations in the X-axis direction.
検出器（３）は摺動抵抗を用いた移動針・伸縮計が用い
られるが、金属ゲージ等の他の検出手段も用いられるこ
とはいうまでもない。Ｙ軸方向・Ｚ軸方向変位量検出に
は、それぞれ検出器（８）及び（７）を設は直状剛体棒
（１）の二点間における相対的上下左右動を検出し、そ
の量を測定する。As the detector (3), a moving needle/extensometer using sliding resistance is used, but it goes without saying that other detection means such as a metal gauge may also be used. To detect the amount of displacement in the Y-axis direction and Z-axis direction, detectors (8) and (7) are installed, respectively, to detect the relative vertical and horizontal movement between two points of the straight rigid rod (1), and calculate the amount. Measure.
Ｚ軸・Ｚ軸は直状剛体棒（１）がＺ軸・Ｚ軸回りに同軸
運動をするため検出器（ｓ） （７）に印加される変位
方向は円弧運動を伴うことになる。従って検出器（８）
（７）の出力も円弧補正をしなければならない。この
方法はあらかじめ直状剛体棒（１）に変位を与え、各検
出器出力との関係を測り、較正表を作ることもできるし
、変位を検出する機械的位置より理論上補正計算により
プログラムを組んで検出器出力をコンピューターにより
本来の変位量を求める方法もある。しかし、直状剛体棒
（りの長さに比べて地表面の変位量は微小なので、実用
の精度に分いてその誤差は無視できる程度の量である。Since the straight rigid rod (1) moves coaxially around the Z-axis and the Z-axis, the direction of displacement applied to the detector (s) (7) is accompanied by circular arc movement. Therefore the detector (8)
The output of (7) must also be subjected to arc correction. In this method, it is possible to create a calibration table by displacing the straight rigid rod (1) in advance and measuring the relationship with the output of each detector, or by calculating the theoretical correction from the mechanical position where the displacement is detected. There is also a method of calculating the original amount of displacement by combining the detector output with a computer. However, since the displacement of the ground surface is minute compared to the length of the straight rigid rod, the error is negligible for practical accuracy.
更に検出手段としては差動トランス・電気的ゲージ素子
・摺動抵抗による方法・光変換器等を用いられることＵ
上いうまでもない。Furthermore, as a detection means, a differential transformer, an electric gauge element, a method using a sliding resistance, an optical converter, etc. can be used.
Needless to say.
上述は特定の二定点間の実施例について述べたものであ
るが、本方法を第６図に示す如く順次従続接続し多数点
同時測定を行い地表面の多数点の相対変位を測定するこ
とができ、目標とする地域面の変動を観測できる。The above describes an example between two specific fixed points, but this method can be sequentially connected as shown in Fig. 6 to simultaneously measure multiple points and measure the relative displacement of multiple points on the ground surface. It is possible to observe changes in the target area.
発明の効果
本発明による地表面変動測定方法は以上のように構成さ
れており、地表面がどの方向に動いているか不明の時や
、地表面に平行な動きと地盤沈下のような地表に垂直方
向の動き、更に両者が混在する場合でも動きの方向が予
め予測できない場合に極めて有効な方法である。又、地
表面の特定点上及び特定面上における変動を測定すると
い・・う、ことは従来の伸縮計・移動針と傾斜計の組合
せ方式ではなし得ないことであり、本発明によればその
精度も高いものが得られる。Effects of the Invention The method for measuring ground surface deformation according to the present invention is configured as described above, and is used when it is unclear in which direction the ground surface is moving, or when it is difficult to detect movements parallel to the ground surface or perpendicular to the ground surface such as ground subsidence. This is an extremely effective method when the direction of movement or even when both are mixed, the direction of movement cannot be predicted in advance. Furthermore, measuring fluctuations at specific points and planes on the earth's surface cannot be done with the conventional combination of extensometers/moving needles and inclinometers, and according to the present invention, this is impossible. High accuracy can also be obtained.
第１図は本発明の構成図、第２図は従来方法の構成図、
第６図は本発明の多数従続接続実施例を示す図である。
図中（１）・・・直状剛体棒
（２）・・・ローラー軸受
（３）・・・Ｘ軸方向変位検出器
（４）・・・球面軸受
（５）・・・定 点 Ａ
（６）・・・定 点 Ｂ
（７）・・・Ｚ軸方向変位検出器
（８）・・・Ｘ軸方向変位検出器
（９）・・・伸 縮 計
αＯ・・・ワイヤー
α◇・・・傾斜計
α４、αｉ・・・取付台Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the conventional method,
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a multiple cascade connection embodiment of the present invention. In the figure (1)...Rigid straight rod (2)...Roller bearing (3)...X-axis direction displacement detector (4)...Spherical bearing (5)...Fixed point A ( 6)... Fixed point B (7)... Z-axis direction displacement detector (8)... X-axis direction displacement detector (9)... Expansion/contraction total αO... Wire α◇...・Inclinometer α4, αi...Mounting base
Claims (1)
の端部（５）を球面軸受（４）で保持し、該剛体棒（１
）と垂直な平面内において該直状剛体棒（１）の軸方向
と互いに直交し、且つ地表面と平行及び垂直なる如く位
置せしめた変位検出器（７）（８）を設け、地表面の前
記２定点の他端部（６）の該直状剛体棒（１）はローラ
ー軸受（２）で挾持し、その軸方向の変位を検出する検
出器（３）を設けたことを特徴とする地表面変動測定方
法。A straight rigid rod (1) is positioned between two fixed points on the ground surface, and its end (5) is held by a spherical bearing (4).
) Displacement detectors (7) and (8) are provided which are positioned perpendicular to the axial direction of the straight rigid rod (1) and parallel and perpendicular to the ground surface. The straight rigid rod (1) at the other end (6) of the two fixed points is clamped by a roller bearing (2), and is provided with a detector (3) for detecting displacement in the axial direction. Method for measuring ground surface deformation.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP22563485A JPS6283601A (en) | 1985-10-09 | 1985-10-09 | Measurement of variation of ground surface |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP22563485A JPS6283601A (en) | 1985-10-09 | 1985-10-09 | Measurement of variation of ground surface |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6283601A true JPS6283601A (en) | 1987-04-17 |
Family
ID=16832377
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP22563485A Pending JPS6283601A (en) | 1985-10-09 | 1985-10-09 | Measurement of variation of ground surface |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6283601A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013155488A (en) * | 2012-01-27 | 2013-08-15 | Chugoku Electric Power Co Inc:The | Ground displacement simple measuring apparatus |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS54125053A (en) * | 1978-03-22 | 1979-09-28 | Nougiyou Kikaika Kenkiyuushiyo | Device for measuring tridimensional displacement |
| JPS5587009A (en) * | 1978-12-21 | 1980-07-01 | Tsuuru Fueruderungu Deru Fuoru | Measuring displacement within structure or underground* method for same* and measuring probe |
| JPS5717801A (en) * | 1980-07-04 | 1982-01-29 | Hitachi Zosen Corp | Strain measuring instrument of fender |
-
1985
- 1985-10-09 JP JP22563485A patent/JPS6283601A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS54125053A (en) * | 1978-03-22 | 1979-09-28 | Nougiyou Kikaika Kenkiyuushiyo | Device for measuring tridimensional displacement |
| JPS5587009A (en) * | 1978-12-21 | 1980-07-01 | Tsuuru Fueruderungu Deru Fuoru | Measuring displacement within structure or underground* method for same* and measuring probe |
| JPS5717801A (en) * | 1980-07-04 | 1982-01-29 | Hitachi Zosen Corp | Strain measuring instrument of fender |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013155488A (en) * | 2012-01-27 | 2013-08-15 | Chugoku Electric Power Co Inc:The | Ground displacement simple measuring apparatus |
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