JPS6242318B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6242318B2 JPS6242318B2 JP11145280A JP11145280A JPS6242318B2 JP S6242318 B2 JPS6242318 B2 JP S6242318B2 JP 11145280 A JP11145280 A JP 11145280A JP 11145280 A JP11145280 A JP 11145280A JP S6242318 B2 JPS6242318 B2 JP S6242318B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- circuit
- output
- voltage
- flip
- pulse voltage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007274 generation of a signal involved in cell-cell signaling Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003985 ceramic capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
この２つの発明は光電式煙感知器の蓄積回路に
関する。光電式煙感知器は一定周期で間歇的にパ
ルス光を発生する発光素子と、そのパルス光が煙
粒子によつて散乱または減光された光を受ける受
光素子とその出力の増幅器と、その増幅器の出力
を受けその値が所定のしきい値を越えた時出力を
生じる比較器と、その比較器の出力により火災信
号を発生する回路とを備えているが、一般に上記
のような感知器における受光素子から増幅器への
入力信号レベルは微弱なので感知器の外部から侵
入する電気的ノイズや環境光の影響により増幅器
に不要な出力が生じて比較器を動作反転させ、感
知器を誤動作させる場合が屡起こる。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The two inventions relate to storage circuits for photoelectric smoke detectors. A photoelectric smoke detector consists of a light-emitting element that intermittently generates pulsed light at a fixed period, a light-receiving element that receives the pulsed light scattered or attenuated by smoke particles, an amplifier for its output, and the amplifier. The sensor is equipped with a comparator that receives the output of the sensor and generates an output when the value exceeds a predetermined threshold, and a circuit that generates a fire signal based on the output of the comparator. Since the input signal level from the photodetector to the amplifier is weak, electrical noise or environmental light entering from outside the sensor may cause unnecessary output to the amplifier, reversing the operation of the comparator and causing the sensor to malfunction. It happens often.
そこで従来から、比較器の出力が発生しても、
これにより直ちに信号を出すことなく、蓄積回路
を通じて２回以上の連続した発光パルスに対応し
て比較器の出力が得られた場合だけ火災信号を発
生させるようにすることが行われていた。 Therefore, conventionally, even if the output of the comparator occurs,
As a result, a fire signal is generated only when the output of the comparator is obtained through the storage circuit in response to two or more consecutive light emission pulses, without immediately issuing a signal.
第１図はその一例の構成図で、１は一定周期の
発光用パルス電圧発生回路、２は回路１の出力に
より制御されるトランジスタTrを通じて直流電
圧Vccによりパルス点灯する発光ダイオード、３
は受光素子としての太陽電池、４はその出力増幅
器、５は増幅器４の出力により動作する比較器、
６はパルス電圧発生回路１の出力電圧の微分回路
で、コンデンサC2と抵抗R2とを備えたもの、７
は比較器５の出力と回路１の出力との論理積回
路、８は回路７の出力によりリセツトされ、回路
６の出力によりリセツトされるフリツプフロツプ
回路、９はコンデンサC1とその充電抵抗R1とを
備えた、回路８の端子Ｑからの出力の積分回路、
１０は回路９の出力により動作する比較器または
シユミツト回路、１１はその出力により動作する
火災信号発生回路であつて、積分回路９はその働
きにより、２回以上の連続した発光パルスに対応
して比較器５の出力が得られた場合だけ火災信号
を発生するように、信号発生回路１１の動作を遅
らせるための蓄積回路を形成している。 FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an example of this, in which 1 is a pulse voltage generation circuit for light emission with a constant cycle, 2 is a light emitting diode that lights up in pulses with DC voltage Vcc through a transistor Tr controlled by the output of circuit 1, and 3
4 is an output amplifier thereof; 5 is a comparator operated by the output of the amplifier 4;
6 is a differentiating circuit for the output voltage of the pulse voltage generating circuit 1, which includes a capacitor C 2 and a resistor R 2 ;
is an AND circuit of the output of comparator 5 and the output of circuit 1, 8 is a flip-flop circuit which is reset by the output of circuit 7 and reset by the output of circuit 6, and 9 is a capacitor C 1 and its charging resistor R 1 . an integrating circuit for the output from the terminal Q of the circuit 8, comprising:
10 is a comparator or Schmitt circuit operated by the output of the circuit 9; 11 is a fire signal generation circuit operated by the output; A storage circuit is formed to delay the operation of the signal generation circuit 11 so that a fire signal is generated only when the output of the comparator 5 is obtained.
このような従来の回路構成では、その蓄積回路
による遅延効果は積分回路９の蓄積作用に頼つて
いるので、抵抗R1の抵抗値をR1、コンデンサC1
の容量値をC1で表わせば、R1C1＝τ１という時
定数は、発光ダイオード２の発光周期Ｔに比べて
少なくともτ１＞2Tのように設定されなければ
ならない。しかし一般に光電式煙感知器の発光周
期Ｔは数秒から10数秒の範囲に設定されるので、
τ１の値もかなり大きな値とならねばならず、
R1とC1の値を大きく選ぶ必要があり、R1として
は数ＭΩ、C1としては数μＦ〜数10μＦの値が
要求される。そこでこのような容量値のコンデン
サを用いるとすれば、電解コンデンサを使用する
しかないが、設計上コンデンサ内部のリーク抵抗
が問題となつてくる。というのは電解コンデンサ
はフイルム・コンデンサ等に比べてリーク電流が
大きく、特に周囲温度が上昇するに伴つて指数関
数的に増大する傾向ががあり、また経年変化も比
較的大きいので、最悪時には、コンデンサC1の
リーク抵抗Rlの値がR1に対して無視できなくな
る程小さくなると、フリツプフロツプ回路８が動
作反転して端子Ｑの出力が高レベルになつても、
この電圧は抵抗R1，Rlに分割され、比較器また
はシユミツト回路１０のしきい値に達しないこと
になり、感知器としての火災信号を出すことが出
来なくなつて、致命的な故障状態に陥る欠点を免
がれない。 In such a conventional circuit configuration, the delay effect of the storage circuit relies on the storage action of the integrating circuit 9, so the resistance value of the resistor R 1 is set to R 1 and the resistance value of the capacitor C 1 is
If the capacitance value of is expressed as C 1 , the time constant R 1 C 1 =τ 1 must be set such that at least τ 1 >2T compared to the light emission period T of the light emitting diode 2. However, since the emission period T of photoelectric smoke detectors is generally set in the range of several seconds to tens of seconds,
The value of τ 1 must also be quite large,
It is necessary to select large values for R 1 and C 1 , and R 1 is required to have a value of several MΩ, and C 1 is required to have a value of several μF to several tens of μF. Therefore, if a capacitor with such a capacitance value is to be used, the only option is to use an electrolytic capacitor, but leakage resistance inside the capacitor becomes a problem due to the design. This is because electrolytic capacitors have a large leakage current compared to film capacitors, etc., which tends to increase exponentially as the ambient temperature rises, and also has a relatively large change over time, so in the worst case, When the value of leakage resistance Rl of capacitor C1 becomes so small that it cannot be ignored compared to R1 , even if the operation of flip-flop circuit 8 is reversed and the output of terminal Q becomes high level,
This voltage is divided between resistors R 1 and Rl and will not reach the threshold of the comparator or Schmitt circuit 10, which will no longer be able to provide a fire signal as a detector, resulting in a fatal fault condition. You can't escape the flaws you fall into.
この２つの発明は適切な構成により、小容量で
絶縁性の優れているプラスチツクフイルム・コン
デンサやタンタル・コンデンサなどを用いた信頼
度の高い積分回路を使用して、２回以上の連続し
た発光パルスに対応する受光素子の出力増幅器の
出力によつて動作する比較器の出力が得られた
時、火災信号を出すことができる光電式煙感知器
の蓄積回路を得ることを目的としたもので、以下
図面に示す実施例によりこの２つの発明を説明す
る。 These two inventions are capable of generating two or more consecutive light emitting pulses by using a highly reliable integration circuit using a plastic film capacitor or tantalum capacitor, which has a small capacity and excellent insulation properties, through an appropriate configuration. The purpose is to obtain an accumulation circuit for a photoelectric smoke detector that can issue a fire signal when the output of a comparator operated by the output of the output amplifier of the light receiving element corresponding to the These two inventions will be explained below with reference to embodiments shown in the drawings.
第２図は第１の発明の一実施例の構成図で、１
〜８の回路構成は第１図のそれと全く同じである
が、フリツプフロツプ回路８の端子Ｑの出力を蓄
積する積分回路９の代りに、R1′C1′＝τ1′は発光
周期Ｔに比べてτ1′≪Ｔであり、発光パルス幅Ｐ
に比べτ1′＞Ｐとなるような抵抗値R1′を持つ抵
抗R1′と容量値C1′を持つコンデンサC1′とででき
ているいわゆる遅延回路を形成する積分回路９′
を用い、回路９′の出力と論理積回路７の出力と
を入力とする別の論理積回路１２を設け、上記の
フリツプフロツプ回路８と積分回路９′と論理積
回路１２とにより蓄積回路Stを形成し、第１図の
比較器１０を省いて回路１２の出力により火災信
号発生回路１１を動作させるようにした点が第１
図と相違している。なおダイオードＤは回路６に
おいて矩形状の発光用パルス電圧の後縁において
発生する負のパルス電圧を除くためのものであ
る。 FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of an embodiment of the first invention, and 1
The circuit configuration of 8 to 8 is exactly the same as that shown in FIG . 1, but instead of the integrating circuit 9 that accumulates the output of the terminal Q of the flip-flop circuit 8 , In comparison, τ 1 ′≪T, and the emission pulse width P
An integrating circuit 9' forming a so-called delay circuit is made up of a resistor R 1 ' having a resistance value R 1 ' such that τ 1 '> P compared to , and a capacitor C 1 ' having a capacitance value C 1 '.
, another AND circuit 12 is provided which receives the output of the circuit 9' and the output of the AND circuit 7, and the storage circuit St is formed by the flip-flop circuit 8, the integration circuit 9', and the AND circuit 12. The first point is that the comparator 10 in FIG. 1 is omitted and the fire signal generating circuit 11 is operated by the output of the circuit 12.
It differs from the diagram. Note that the diode D is for removing the negative pulse voltage generated at the trailing edge of the rectangular light-emitting pulse voltage in the circuit 6.
次にその動作を説明する。第３図は各部分の動
作状態を示すタイムチヤートであるが、発光用パ
ルス電圧発生回路１から出るパルス電圧の波形
は、ａに示すような矩形波であり、通常そのパル
ス幅Ｐは数10μＳ〜数100μＳに設定されてお
り、そのパルス電圧により動作せしめられるトラ
ンジスタTrと発光ダイオード２の応答性は十分
に速いので、電圧ａのパルス波形と等しい波形の
パルス光が電圧ａと同期して発光ダイオード２か
ら射出される。このパルス光が感知器内の検煙室
の内壁に反射されたり、または進入した煙粒子に
より散乱されたりしたものの一部が受光素子とし
ての太陽電池３に入射し、この入射光量に応じた
電圧が太陽電池３に発生し、その電圧はさらに増
幅器４によつて増幅されるが、一般に太陽電池３
と増幅器４にはその出力が多少時間的に遅れる要
素が内在しているので、増幅器４からの応答出力
電圧ｂの波形はパルス電圧ａと等しい波形のパル
ス光に対し図示のようになるのが普通である。そ
こで発光用パルス電圧ａの波形の前縁が急峻なの
を利用して、これを微分回路６または同様な効果
を持つ単安定マルチバイブレータにより、パルス
電圧ａの波形の前縁と同期したｄのようなパルス
電圧を発生させ、そのパルス幅は発光用パルス電
圧ａのパルス幅に比べて十分狭くなるように抵抗
R2の抵抗値とコンデンサC2の容量値を選ぶか、
または単安定マルチバイブレータを用いる場合に
は、その出力パルス幅を発光用パルス電圧ａのパ
ルス幅に比べ十分狭くなるように設計する。そし
てこの回路６から得られる幅の狭いパルス電圧ｄ
により、感知器の検煙室内に煙のあるなしに係わ
りなく、発光の度ごとにフリツプフロツプ回路８
がリセツトされるように構成されている。すなわ
ち増幅器４の出力の応答遅れにより、所定濃度の
煙を太陽電池３が検出して増幅器４の出力電圧ｂ
が比較器５のしきい値Vbに達する時点より十分
早くパルス電圧ｄは終了しているように設計され
ているものとする。 Next, its operation will be explained. FIG. 3 is a time chart showing the operating status of each part. The waveform of the pulse voltage output from the light emitting pulse voltage generation circuit 1 is a rectangular wave as shown in a, and the pulse width P is usually several tens of microseconds. The response of the transistor Tr and the light emitting diode 2, which are operated by the pulse voltage, is set to ~100 μS, so the pulsed light with the same waveform as the pulse waveform of the voltage a is emitted in synchronization with the voltage a. Emitted from diode 2. This pulsed light is reflected by the inner wall of the smoke detection chamber in the sensor, or is scattered by smoke particles that have entered the sensor, and a part of it enters the solar cell 3 as a light receiving element, and a voltage corresponding to the amount of incident light is generated. is generated in the solar cell 3, and the voltage is further amplified by the amplifier 4, but generally the solar cell 3
Since the amplifier 4 has an inherent element in which its output is delayed somewhat in time, the waveform of the response output voltage b from the amplifier 4 is as shown in the figure for pulsed light with a waveform equal to the pulse voltage a. It's normal. Therefore, by taking advantage of the steep leading edge of the waveform of the pulse voltage a for light emission, it is converted into a waveform d synchronized with the leading edge of the waveform of the pulse voltage a using a differentiating circuit 6 or a monostable multivibrator with a similar effect. A resistor is used so that the pulse width is sufficiently narrower than that of the pulse voltage a for light emission.
Choose the resistance value of R 2 and the capacitance value of capacitor C 2 , or
Alternatively, when a monostable multivibrator is used, the output pulse width thereof is designed to be sufficiently narrower than the pulse width of the pulse voltage a for light emission. And the narrow pulse voltage d obtained from this circuit 6
Therefore, regardless of whether there is smoke in the smoke detection chamber of the sensor, the flip-flop circuit 8 is activated every time the light is emitted.
is configured to be reset. That is, due to the response delay of the output of the amplifier 4, the solar cell 3 detects smoke of a predetermined concentration, and the output voltage b of the amplifier 4 increases.
It is assumed that the design is such that the pulse voltage d ends sufficiently earlier than the time when the voltage reaches the threshold value Vb of the comparator 5.
Ｓは感知器の検煙室内に進入した煙の濃度を示
しており、Vsは感知器として動作すべき煙濃度
のレベルを示している。発光用パルス電圧ａの波
形に対応して発生する増幅器４の出力電圧ｂの波
高値は煙濃度Ｓの上昇に伴つて増大し、動作レベ
ルVsに対応して設定されている比較器５のしき
い値Vbを越えると、比較器５にはｃのような反
転出力電圧が得られる。発光用パルス電圧ａと比
較器５の出力電圧ｃとの論理積回路７の出力電圧
ｅは電圧ａ，ｃが共に高レベルの時だけ高レベル
となり、これがフリツプフロツプ回路８のセツト
入力端子Ｓに加えられる。一方回路８のリセツト
入力端子Ｒへは微分回路６からリセツト用パルス
電圧ｄが加えられるので、煙のない通常の監視状
態では回路８の端子Ｑの出力は低レベルとなつて
いる。ところが太陽電池３が煙を検出してｅのよ
うなセツト用パルス電圧が回路８のセツト入力端
子Ｓに加わると、回路８の端子Ｑの出力電圧はｆ
のように高レベルに反転すると同時に、その出力
電圧ｆは積分回路９′に加わり、回路９′の出力電
圧はｇのように電圧ｆより多少遅れて高レベルに
なる。この遅れ時間は回路９′の時定数τ1′＝
R1′C1′によつて決定されるわけであるが、τ1′の
設定値は発光用パルス電圧ａのパルス幅Ｐと対比
して考えると、回路９′の出力電圧ｇの大きさVg
が、回路８の端子Ｑの出力電圧ｆの立上り時点か
ら、その時点よりも前に発生している発光パルス
がなくなる時点までに論理積回路１２の入力しき
い値Vgに達することがないように、かつ発光周
期Ｔ以内には完全に高レベルに達するように決め
られる必要がある。例えばフリツプフロツプ回路
８の端子Ｑの高レベル出力電圧ＶHに対し、論理
積回路１２の入力しきい値Vgを0.3VHとし、ｔ＝
０において回路８の端子Ｑの出力電圧がＶHにな
つたとすると、Vg＝ＶH（１−ε−ｔ／τ1′）で
表わされるので、Vg＝0.3VHとなる時のｔの値を
求めると、ｔ＝0.36τ1′となる。ところで感知器
の検煙室に入る煙の濃度が最初から著しく高い場
合には、太陽電池３が発光パルスを受けるとその
出力は瞬時に飽和値に達するため、回路７の出力
電圧ｅの波形は立上り時刻においてもパルス幅に
おいても発光用パルス電圧ａの波形に接近するの
で、0.36τ1′＞ＰすなわちR1′C1′＞2.8Pとなるよ
うにR1′，C1′の値を定めればよく、R1′，C1′＝
10Pと定めたとしても、Ｐは数10μＳ〜数100μ
Ｓに、Ｔは数秒〜10数秒に設定されるので
R1′C1′≪Ｔとなることは明らかである。 S indicates the concentration of smoke that has entered the smoke detection chamber of the sensor, and Vs indicates the level of smoke concentration at which the sensor should operate. The peak value of the output voltage b of the amplifier 4 generated in response to the waveform of the pulse voltage a for light emission increases as the smoke concentration S increases, and the peak value of the output voltage b of the comparator 5, which is set corresponding to the operating level Vs, increases. When the threshold value Vb is exceeded, the comparator 5 obtains an inverted output voltage such as c. The output voltage e of the AND circuit 7, which is the pulse voltage a for light emission and the output voltage c of the comparator 5, is at a high level only when both voltages a and c are at a high level. It will be done. On the other hand, since the reset pulse voltage d is applied from the differentiating circuit 6 to the reset input terminal R of the circuit 8, the output of the terminal Q of the circuit 8 is at a low level in a normal monitoring state without smoke. However, when the solar cell 3 detects smoke and a set pulse voltage such as e is applied to the set input terminal S of the circuit 8, the output voltage at the terminal Q of the circuit 8 becomes f.
At the same time that the output voltage f is inverted to a high level as shown in FIG. This delay time is determined by the time constant τ 1 ′ of circuit 9′=
The set value of τ 1 ' is determined by R 1 'C 1 ', but when considered in comparison with the pulse width P of the pulse voltage a for light emission, the magnitude of the output voltage g of the circuit 9' Vg
However, the input threshold value Vg of the AND circuit 12 is not reached from the time when the output voltage f of the terminal Q of the circuit 8 rises until the time when the light emitting pulse that has been generated before that time disappears. , and must be determined so that it reaches a completely high level within the light emission period T. For example, with respect to the high level output voltage V H of the terminal Q of the flip-flop circuit 8, the input threshold Vg of the AND circuit 12 is set to 0.3 V H , and t=
If the output voltage of terminal Q of circuit 8 becomes V H at 0, it is expressed as Vg = V H (1-ε-t/τ 1 '), so the value of t when Vg = 0.3V H When calculating, t=0.36τ 1 '. By the way, if the concentration of smoke entering the smoke detection chamber of the sensor is extremely high from the beginning, the output of the solar cell 3 will instantly reach the saturation value when it receives a light emission pulse, so the waveform of the output voltage e of the circuit 7 will be Since both the rise time and the pulse width approach the waveform of the light emitting pulse voltage a, the values of R 1 ′ and C 1 ′ are set so that 0.36τ 1 ′>P, that is, R 1 ′C 1 ′>2.8P. All you have to do is set R 1 ′, C 1 ′=
Even if it is set as 10P, P is several 10μS to several 100μ
Since T is set to S and T is set to several seconds to ten seconds,
It is clear that R 1 ′C 1 ′≪T.
このようにR1′，C1′の値を設定すれば、論理積
回路１２の出力電圧ｈは回路７の出力電圧ｅの１
回目のセツト入力では現われず、連続して２回目
のセツト入力が与えられた時、電圧ｅとほぼ同一
の波形の電圧として現われ、その出力電圧により
始めて火災信号発生回路１１が動作して火災信号
ｉを発生し、何らかの方法によりリセツトされる
までその動作を持続する。なお発光用パルス電圧
ａの前縁と同期して発生するリセツト用パルス電
圧ｄは、煙の有無に関係なく発光ダイオード２の
発光の度ごとに回路８をリセツトするので、１回
目のセツト入力により回路８のＱ端子の出力が高
レベルに反転した後、２回目のセツト入力が与え
られる直前のリセツト入力により一時的に回路８
がリセツトされるが、セツト入力は必ず発光用パ
ルス電圧ａの持続時時間内に発生するので、リセ
ツトされている時間はパルス電圧ａのパルス幅Ｐ
よりは必ず小さくなり、積分回路９′の出力電圧
ｇすなわち充電によるコンデンサC1′の電圧は、
その電荷が抵抗R1′を通じて放電される量は僅少
なので、論理積路１２の入力しきい値Vgまで減
少することはない。 By setting the values of R 1 ′ and C 1 ′ in this way, the output voltage h of the AND circuit 12 is 1 of the output voltage e of the circuit 7.
It does not appear with the first set input, but when the second set input is given in succession, it appears as a voltage with almost the same waveform as the voltage e, and the fire signal generation circuit 11 is activated by that output voltage, and the fire signal is signaled. i and continues its operation until reset by some method. Note that the reset pulse voltage d, which is generated in synchronization with the leading edge of the light emission pulse voltage a, resets the circuit 8 each time the light emitting diode 2 emits light, regardless of the presence or absence of smoke. After the output of the Q terminal of the circuit 8 is inverted to high level, the reset input immediately before the second set input is applied temporarily causes the circuit 8 to be turned off.
is reset, but since the set input always occurs within the duration of the pulse voltage a for light emission, the reset time is equal to the pulse width P of the pulse voltage a.
The output voltage g of the integrating circuit 9', that is, the voltage of the capacitor C 1 ' due to charging, is always smaller than
The amount of charge discharged through the resistor R 1 ' is so small that it does not decrease to the input threshold Vg of the AND circuit 12.
上記のように光電式煙感知器の蓄積回路を設計
すれば、R1′C1′＝τ1′の値は数mS程度で十分であ
るので、例えばR1′＝100kΩとすると、C1′＝0.01
〜0.1μＦ程度でよく、絶縁性の優れたプラスチ
ツクフイルム・コンデンサや磁器コンデンサまた
は小容量であるほどリーク電流が少なくなる小形
なタンタル・コンデンサなどを、使用することが
可能となり、蓄積回路としての信頼性を著しく向
上することができる。 If the storage circuit of a photoelectric smoke detector is designed as described above, the value of R 1 ′C 1 ′=τ 1 ′ is sufficient to be several mS, so for example, if R 1 ′=100kΩ, then C 1 ′=0.01
~0.1 μF is sufficient, making it possible to use plastic film capacitors and ceramic capacitors with excellent insulation, or small tantalum capacitors whose leakage current decreases as the capacitance decreases, making them reliable as storage circuits. can significantly improve performance.
第２図に示した第１の発明の実施例は連続した
２回目の発光パルスに対応して、所定レベル以上
の濃度の煙を検出した場合に火災信号を出すよう
にした蓄積回路の構成を示すものであるが、第２
の発明のように連続した３回目以上の発光パルス
に対応して火災信号を出すようにした蓄積回路
も、同様な考え方により設計することができるの
であつて、第４図には３回目の発光パルスに対応
して火災信号を出すようにした一実施例の構成を
示す。 The embodiment of the first invention shown in FIG. 2 has a configuration of an accumulation circuit that outputs a fire signal when smoke with a concentration higher than a predetermined level is detected in response to the second consecutive light emission pulse. As shown, the second
A storage circuit that outputs a fire signal in response to the third or more consecutive light emission pulses as in the invention of the invention can also be designed using the same concept. The configuration of an embodiment in which a fire signal is issued in response to a pulse is shown.
第４図の構成は第２図に比べて、微分回路６の
代りにそれとほぼ同様なトリガパルスを発生する
単安定マルチバイブレータ６′を用いた点と、蓄
積回路Stの次に、回路Stの出力によつてセツトさ
れ、マルチバイブレータ６′が出すトリガパルス
d′によつてリセツトされるフリツプフロツプ回路
８′と、この回路８′の出力f′によつて充放電が制
御されるコンデンサC1″を持つ積分回路９″と、
この回路９″の出力g′と回路８′のセツト入力ｈと
の論理積回路１２′とよりなる、回路Stと同様な
蓄積回路St′を設け、回路St′の出力h′により火災
信号発生回路１１を動作させ、３回目の発光パル
スに対応して火災信号i′を出すようにした点とを
除いては、第２図の構成と全く同一である。 The configuration of FIG. 4 is different from that of FIG. 2 in that a monostable multivibrator 6' that generates a trigger pulse similar to that of the differentiating circuit 6 is used instead of the differentiating circuit 6, and a circuit St is used next to the storage circuit St. The trigger pulse set by the output and issued by the multivibrator 6'
an integrating circuit 9'' having a flip-flop circuit 8' reset by d' and a capacitor C1 '' whose charging and discharging are controlled by the output f' of this circuit 8';
A storage circuit St' similar to the circuit St is provided, consisting of an AND circuit 12' of the output g' of this circuit 9'' and the set input h of the circuit 8', and a fire signal is generated by the output h' of the circuit St'. The configuration is exactly the same as that shown in FIG. 2, except that the circuit 11 is operated to issue a fire signal i' in response to the third light emission pulse.
この実施例において、マルチバイブレータ６′
のコンデンサC2′は発光用パルス電圧ａにより抵
抗R2′を通じて充電されるが、その端子電圧が
NOT回路１３の入力しきい値に達するまでの短
時間だけ回路１３の出力はその出力と電圧ａとの
論理積回路１４の入力しきい値に達しており、そ
の時間だけ回路１４の出力d′は幅の狭い矩形波の
電圧として現われ、回路８，８′のリセツト用ト
リガパルスとして働く。 In this embodiment, the multivibrator 6'
The capacitor C 2 ′ is charged through the resistor R 2 ′ by the pulse voltage a for light emission, but its terminal voltage is
The output of the circuit 13 reaches the input threshold of the AND circuit 14 between its output and the voltage a for a short time until it reaches the input threshold of the NOT circuit 13, and the output d' of the circuit 14 only during that time. appears as a narrow rectangular wave voltage and serves as a trigger pulse for resetting the circuits 8, 8'.
また蓄積回路St′におけるフリツプフロツプ回
路８′は第３図に示された蓄積回路Stの出力電圧
ｈの最初のパルス電圧によつてセツトされ、回路
８′の端子Ｑの出力電圧f′すなわち回路８の出力
電圧ｆの２回目の出力電圧に相当する電圧が積分
回路９″に加わり、回路９″の出力電圧g′は回路
９′の出力電圧ｇよりも一発光周期Ｔだけ遅れて
第３図に点線で示すように電圧ｇと同じ波形に従
つて高レベルに達し、論理積回路１２′の出力電
圧h′は回路７の出力電圧ｅの１回目と２回目のセ
ツト入力では現われず、連続して３回目のセツト
入力が与えられた時に電圧ｅとほぼ同一の波形の
電圧として現われ、その出力電圧により始めて火
災信号発生回路１１が動作して火災信号i′が発生
する。 Furthermore, the flip-flop circuit 8' in the storage circuit St' is set by the first pulse voltage of the output voltage h of the storage circuit St shown in FIG. A voltage corresponding to the second output voltage f of is applied to the integrating circuit 9'', and the output voltage g' of the circuit 9'' lags the output voltage g of the circuit 9' by one emission period T, as shown in FIG. As shown by the dotted line, it reaches a high level following the same waveform as the voltage g, and the output voltage h' of the AND circuit 12' does not appear at the first and second set input of the output voltage e of the circuit 7, but is continuous. When the third set input is applied, a voltage with a waveform substantially the same as voltage e appears, and the output voltage causes the fire signal generation circuit 11 to operate and generate the fire signal i'.
以上のようにこの２つの発明による光電式煙感
知器の蓄積回路は適切な構成により、小容量であ
るため絶縁性の優れているプラスチツクフイル
ム・コンデンサやタンタル・コンデンサなどを用
いた信頼度の高い積分回路を使用して、２回以上
の連続した発光パルスに対応する受光素子の出力
増幅器の出力によつて動作する比較器の出力が得
られた時、火災信号を出すことができる効果があ
る。 As described above, the storage circuits of the photoelectric smoke detectors according to these two inventions can be constructed with appropriate configurations and are highly reliable, using plastic film capacitors, tantalum capacitors, etc., which have small capacitance and have excellent insulation properties. Using an integrating circuit, when the output of the comparator operated by the output of the output amplifier of the light receiving element corresponding to two or more consecutive light emission pulses is obtained, a fire signal can be issued. .
第１図は従来の光電式煙感知器の蓄積回路の構
成図、第２図は第１の発明の一実施例の構成図、
第３図はその各部分の動作状態を示すタイムチヤ
ート、第４図は第２の発明の一実施例の構成図で
ある。
１…発光用パルス電圧発生回路、２…光源とし
ての発光ダイオード、３…受光素子としての太陽
電池、４…増幅回路、５，１０…比較器、６，
６′…リセツト用トリガパルス発生回路、７，１
２，１２′，１４…論理積回路、８，８′…フリツ
プフロツプ回路、９，９′，９″…積分回路、１１
…火災信号発生回路。
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a storage circuit of a conventional photoelectric smoke detector, and FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of an embodiment of the first invention.
FIG. 3 is a time chart showing the operating status of each part, and FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of an embodiment of the second invention. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Pulse voltage generation circuit for light emission, 2... Light emitting diode as a light source, 3... Solar cell as a light receiving element, 4... Amplifying circuit, 5, 10... Comparator, 6,
6'...Reset trigger pulse generation circuit, 7,1
2, 12', 14...AND circuit, 8, 8'...Flip-flop circuit, 9, 9', 9''...Integrator circuit, 11
...Fire signal generation circuit.
Claims (1)
素子の出力を検出して、火災信号を出すようにし
た光電式煙感知器において、上記光源をパルス点
灯させるパルス電圧と上記受光素子を通じて得ら
れる煙検出パルス電圧との論理積回路の出力によ
りセツトされ、上記点灯用パルス電圧の前縁から
得られるトリガパルスによりリセツトされるフリ
ツプフロツプ回路と、この回路の出力により充放
電が制御されるコンデンサを持つ積分回路と、こ
の積分回路の出力と上記フリツプフロツプ回路の
セツト入力との論理積回路とよりなる蓄積回路を
設け、この蓄積回路の出力により火災信号を出す
ようにしたことを特徴とする光電式煙感知器の蓄
積回路。 ２ 間歇的にパルス点灯する光源と同期した受光
素子の出力を検出して火災信号を出すようにした
光電式煙感知器において、上記光源をパルス点灯
させるパルス電圧と上記受光素子を通じて得られ
る煙検出パルス電圧との論理積回路の出力により
セツトされ、上記点灯用パルス電圧の前縁から得
られるトリガパルスによりリセツトされるフリツ
プフロツプ回路と、この回路の出力により充放電
が制御されるコンデンサを持つ積分回路と、この
積分回路の出力と上記フリツプフロツプ回路のセ
ツト入力との論理積回路とよりなる蓄積回路と、
これに順次に続く一つ以上の蓄積回路であつて、
それぞれ前段の蓄積回路の出力によつてセツトさ
れ、上記のトリガパルスによつてリセツトされる
フリツプフロツプ回路と、この回路の出力により
充放電が制御されるコンデンサを持つ積分回路
と、この積分回路の出力とそれ自身のフリツプフ
ロツプ回路のセツト入力との論理積回路とよりな
るものとを設け、最終段の蓄積回路の出力により
火災信号を発生させるようにしたことを特徴とす
る光電式煙感知器の蓄積回路。[Scope of Claims] 1. A photoelectric smoke detector that outputs a fire signal by detecting the output of a light-receiving element synchronized with a light source that lights up intermittently in pulses, in which the pulse voltage that lights the light source in pulses and the A flip-flop circuit is set by the output of an AND circuit with the smoke detection pulse voltage obtained through the light receiving element, and is reset by the trigger pulse obtained from the leading edge of the lighting pulse voltage, and charging/discharging is controlled by the output of this circuit. The present invention is characterized by providing an accumulation circuit consisting of an integrating circuit having a capacitor that is connected to the ignition circuit, and an AND circuit of the output of the integrating circuit and the set input of the flip-flop circuit, and the output of the accumulating circuit is used to issue a fire signal. A storage circuit for a photoelectric smoke detector. 2. In a photoelectric smoke detector that outputs a fire signal by detecting the output of a light receiving element synchronized with a light source that lights up intermittently in pulses, smoke detection obtained through the pulse voltage that lights the light source in pulses and the light receiving element A flip-flop circuit that is set by the output of the AND circuit with the pulse voltage and reset by the trigger pulse obtained from the leading edge of the lighting pulse voltage, and an integrating circuit having a capacitor whose charging and discharging are controlled by the output of this circuit. and an accumulation circuit comprising an AND circuit of the output of the integration circuit and the set input of the flip-flop circuit;
One or more storage circuits following this in sequence,
A flip-flop circuit that is set by the output of the previous storage circuit and reset by the trigger pulse mentioned above, an integrating circuit with a capacitor whose charging and discharging is controlled by the output of this circuit, and the output of this integrating circuit. and a set input of its own flip-flop circuit, and a fire signal is generated by the output of the final stage storage circuit. circuit.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11145280A JPS5736386A (en) | 1980-08-12 | 1980-08-12 | KODENSHIKIKEMURIKANCHIKINOCHIKUSEKIKAIRO |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11145280A JPS5736386A (en) | 1980-08-12 | 1980-08-12 | KODENSHIKIKEMURIKANCHIKINOCHIKUSEKIKAIRO |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5736386A JPS5736386A (en) | 1982-02-27 |
| JPS6242318B2 true JPS6242318B2 (en) | 1987-09-08 |
Family
ID=14561568
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11145280A Granted JPS5736386A (en) | 1980-08-12 | 1980-08-12 | KODENSHIKIKEMURIKANCHIKINOCHIKUSEKIKAIRO |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5736386A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS58162843A (en) * | 1982-03-23 | 1983-09-27 | Hochiki Corp | Photoelectric type smoke detector |
| JPS61107093U (en) * | 1984-12-15 | 1986-07-07 |
-
1980
- 1980-08-12 JP JP11145280A patent/JPS5736386A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5736386A (en) | 1982-02-27 |
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