JPS62296655A - Display system for continuous gradation picture - Google Patents

Display system for continuous gradation picture

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Publication number
JPS62296655A
JPS62296655A JP61139251A JP13925186A JPS62296655A JP S62296655 A JPS62296655 A JP S62296655A JP 61139251 A JP61139251 A JP 61139251A JP 13925186 A JP13925186 A JP 13925186A JP S62296655 A JPS62296655 A JP S62296655A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
line
data
dot
lines
density part
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP61139251A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Tadao Hayashi
忠男 林
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ricoh Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Ricoh Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ricoh Co Ltd filed Critical Ricoh Co Ltd
Priority to JP61139251A priority Critical patent/JPS62296655A/en
Publication of JPS62296655A publication Critical patent/JPS62296655A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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  • Facsimile Image Signal Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To output with the gradient corresponding to a matrix size without destructing deterioration in detail in a low density part or a high density part by providing two setes of solid-state image pickup element positionaly shifted by a half dot in the main scanning direction. CONSTITUTION:The CCD lins 101 and 102 are in a relation shifted by a half dot. The lines 101 and 102 are disposed on neighboring lines, and execute photometry simultaneously. Date read by respective CCDs are A/D-converted by A/D converters 104 and 105. The data from the line 101 directly reaches a multiplexer 108, but the data from the line 102 reaches the multiplexer 108 via a line buffer 107. The lowerst order bit signal of a line signal is received by the multiplexer 108. If the line is the odd lines, the data from the line 101 is selected, but in case of the even lines the data from the line 102 is selected. Also, in case of the odd lines, the data posses through a laser 113, but in case of the even lines, the laser 113 is turned ON/OFF with a half-dot-delay 112. As a result, the deterioration in detail in the high density part or the low density part can be prevented.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 3、発明の詳細な説明 (技術分野) 本発明は網点の占める面積により連続階調画を表示する
システムに関する。
Detailed Description of the Invention 3. Detailed Description of the Invention (Technical Field) The present invention relates to a system for displaying continuous tone images based on the area occupied by halftone dots.

この様なシステムは電子写真方式におけるデジタルコピ
ーシステム、インクジェット方式におけるデジタルコピ
ーシステムとして応用される。
Such a system is applied as a digital copy system in an electrophotographic method or a digital copy system in an inkjet method.

(従来技術) 網点9占める面積により連続階調画を表現するシステム
に於いて、一般的には網点の形状は、四角形もしくは平
面を隙間なく被う呼とのできる多角形ではなく、円であ
ることが多い。この場合、円の網点て平面を被わなくて
はならないために、網点の形成位置は第1図の様になり
、隣合う網点は互いに四方向で重なり合う。
(Prior art) In systems that express continuous tone images by the area occupied by halftone dots, the shape of the halftone dots is generally circular, rather than a rectangle or a polygon that covers a plane without any gaps. Often. In this case, since the halftone dots of the circle must cover the plane, the positions at which the halftone dots are formed are as shown in FIG. 1, and adjacent halftone dots overlap each other in four directions.

今、64階調で画像を出力するため、第2図の様ケベイ
ヤー型のディ、ザマトリクス牽用いたとする。ある領域
のデータが0〜64まで変化したとすると網点の占める
面積率Sは第3図の実線の上にプラットされる。この曲
線から網点を幾つ作るかと0゛う階調ブータフ′・0〜
32の網点率の変化に対して32γ64までの変化が非
常に小さい事がわかる。階調データをスキャナーで読み
込んだデータとすれば、33〜64の高濃度部の変化は
小さく、そのため高濃度部のつふれた直像となる。
Now, in order to output an image with 64 gradations, it is assumed that a Quebecer-type DZA matrix as shown in FIG. 2 is used. If the data in a certain area varies from 0 to 64, the area ratio S occupied by halftone dots is plotted on the solid line in FIG. How many halftone dots are created from this curve?
It can be seen that the change in dot ratio up to 32γ64 is very small compared to the change in dot ratio of 32. If the gradation data is data read by a scanner, the changes in the high-density areas 33 to 64 are small, resulting in a direct image with the high-density areas blurred.

これは第1図に於ける網点の重なりaの為である・ 第1図において、網点に内接する正方形すの面積を1と
した場合、網点1つの面積はπ/2であり、aの面積は
a=(π−2〕/4である。階調データがO〜32まで
は網点は互いに重ならないため、階調データカ月大きく
なるのに対して網点面積率Sは△S−π/2ずつ増加す
る。ところが、階調データが33〜64までは網点は四
方向に重なるため△S=π/2−4a= (4g)/2
ずつ増加する。その結果、階調データに対する高濃度部
の面積率の変化へSは小さくなり、前述の通り、高濃度
部のつぶれた画像となるのである゛。
This is due to the overlap a of the halftone dots in Figure 1. In Figure 1, if the area of the square inscribed in the halftone dot is 1, the area of one halftone dot is π/2, The area of a is a = (π-2]/4. Since the halftone dots do not overlap each other when the tone data is from 0 to 32, the halftone dot area ratio S becomes △ It increases by S-π/2. However, when the tone data is from 33 to 64, the halftone dots overlap in four directions, so △S=π/2-4a= (4g)/2
Increase by increments. As a result, the change in the area ratio of the high-density portion with respect to the gradation data, S, becomes small, resulting in an image in which the high-density portion is collapsed, as described above.

このため、出力画像の高濃度部がつぶれない様にするに
は、スキャナーから読み込んだデータをそのまま階調デ
ータに対応させることはせず、スキャナーデータが1増
加するのに対し、できる限り面積率Sが1/64ずつ増
加する様、対応させるのが普通である。例えば、第3図
の実線でSを1/64ずつ増加させ、その時の階調デー
タの小数点以下を四捨五入した値をスキャナーのデータ
に対する階調データとする。ところがこの方式によると
、スキャナーデータがθ〜32の間では同一の階調デー
タをとる場合が出てくる。そのため、Ill調データは
64Jりより少なくなる。すなわち階調数が減少するわ
けである。
Therefore, in order to prevent the high-density parts of the output image from being crushed, the data read from the scanner should not be made to correspond to the gradation data as is, and the area ratio should be as high as possible while the scanner data increases by 1. It is common to correspond so that S increases by 1/64. For example, S is increased by 1/64 as indicated by the solid line in FIG. 3, and the value obtained by rounding off the decimal point of the gradation data at that time is set as the gradation data for the scanner data. However, according to this method, there are cases where the scanner data takes the same gradation data between θ and 32. Therefore, the Ill tone data is less than 64J. In other words, the number of gradations is reduced.

第2図のベイヤー型の代わりに、最も網点の重なりの影
響を受けにくいと思われる第4図のようなうず巻型を考
える。この場合、階調データに対する面積率Sの変化は
第5図のX印のようになり、よりリニアな変化を示すが
、やはり上に凸な曲線上にプロセットされる。そのため
高濃度部は多少つぶれることになる。また、うず巻型の
ディザマトリクスを用いた場合、−・般的に解像力の低
下が起こる。
Instead of the Bayer type shown in Figure 2, consider the spiral type shown in Figure 4, which is thought to be least susceptible to the effects of overlapping halftone dots. In this case, the change in the area ratio S with respect to the gradation data becomes as indicated by the X mark in FIG. 5, which shows a more linear change, but it is also preset on an upwardly convex curve. Therefore, the high concentration area will be somewhat crushed. Furthermore, when a spiral dither matrix is used, resolution generally decreases.

一般的に網点が集中する、葉中型のディザマトリクスを
用いる程、解像力が低下する。
In general, the more halftone dots are concentrated and a medium-sized dither matrix is used, the lower the resolution will be.

以上のことを鑑めで、網点の重なりの面積を最小限にす
ることで高濃度部がつぶれることなく、マトリクスサイ
ズに応じた階調数で出力することができると考えられる
In view of the above, it is thought that by minimizing the overlapping area of halftone dots, it is possible to output with the number of gradations corresponding to the matrix size without crushing the high density portion.

ここで第6図に示すように1ライン毎に半ドツトずつ、
ずらして網点を書き込む場合を考える。
Here, as shown in Figure 6, half a dot is drawn for each line.
Consider the case where halftone dots are written with a shift.

この時1つの網点は6方向で網点と重なり、その面積を
Cで表し、且つ網点の面積を第1図と同じπ/2とすれ
ばC−π/6−F/4である。従って網点1つについて
の全方向での重なりは6c−π−3J¥/2であり、第
1図の場合の4a=π−2より小さい。このことは、高
濃度部で未出力の網点が孤立し易いベイヤー型などで、
第1図の場合のように網点が4方向で重なるよりも、第
6図のように網点が6方向で重なる方が、網点面積の増
加の仕方がよりリニアに近く、高濃度部でっぷれが律し
ないことを示す。
At this time, one halftone dot overlaps the other halftone dots in six directions, and if its area is represented by C, and the area of the halftone dot is π/2, which is the same as in Figure 1, then it is C-π/6-F/4. . Therefore, the overlap in all directions for one halftone dot is 6c-π-3J¥/2, which is smaller than 4a=π-2 in the case of FIG. This is due to the Bayer type, where unoutputted halftone dots tend to become isolated in high-density areas.
When the halftone dots overlap in 6 directions as shown in Figure 6 than when the halftone dots overlap in 4 directions as in Figure 1, the increase in the dot area is more linear, and in high density areas It shows that bigness doesn't rule.

以上のことは、インクジェット方式や、電子写真方式に
おけるポジーポジ現像法のように網点の部分に像がつく
られる場合であるが、電子写真におけるネガ−ポジ現像
法のように網点の部分がイシースされる方式では、第3
図における破線上にプロットされるため低濃度部が表現
できない。その場合も同様の考え方で゛、1ラインごと
に半ドツトずつ、ずらして出力することによって、低濃
度部でのとびが解消される。このように1ラインおきに
半ドツトずつ、ずらして出力する方法は、例えば特開昭
57−95478で既に公知である。
The above is a case where an image is created on the halftone dot part as in the inkjet method or the positive-positive development method in electrophotography, but the halftone part is created in the halftone dot part as in the negative-positive development method in electrophotography. In this method, the third
Since it is plotted on the broken line in the figure, the low density part cannot be expressed. In that case, using the same idea, by shifting and outputting each line by half a dot, skipping in low-density areas can be eliminated. This method of shifting and outputting every other line by half a dot is already known, for example, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 57-95478.

ここで、一般的にはスキャナーで画像データを読み込む
場合、サンプリング点は主走査方向に関して常に一定で
ある。そのため、第6図のごとく1ラインごとに半ドツ
トずらして出力する場合、読み込みデータに対して出力
はIラインごとに半ドツトずつずれた位置に出力される
。すなわち、第6図において、ライン1とライン3では
読み込み位置と出力位置が合っているが、ライン2は読
み込みの位置に対する出力の位置が半ドツトずれてしま
う。
Generally, when reading image data with a scanner, the sampling points are always constant in the main scanning direction. Therefore, when the output is shifted by half a dot every line as shown in FIG. 6, the output is shifted by half a dot every I line with respect to the read data. That is, in FIG. 6, the reading position and the output position match in lines 1 and 3, but in line 2, the output position is shifted by half a dot with respect to the reading position.

(目的) 本発明はこの様な背景に鑑みてなされたものであり、網
点の占める面積により連続階調画を表現するシステムに
於いて、低濃度部または高濃度部がつぶれることなく、
マトリクスサイズに応じた階調数で出力することが出来
る連続階調画の表示システムを提供することを目的とす
る。
(Purpose) The present invention has been made in view of the above background, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a system that expresses a continuous tone image using the area occupied by halftone dots, without the low-density or high-density parts being crushed.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a continuous tone image display system capable of outputting a continuous tone image with a number of tone levels corresponding to a matrix size.

(構成) 本発明は第6図に示すような1ラインおきに半ドツトず
つずらして出力する方式を前提とし、読み込みの位置に
対する出力の位置が半ドツトずつずれるのを補償するた
めに、読み込みのデータも1ラインごとに半ドツトずつ
ずれた位置のデータを読み込むようにし、そのために、
主走査方向に半ドツトずれた位置関係の2Miの固体撮
像素子(以下CCDと呼ぶ)を設けるようにしたもので
ある。
(Structure) The present invention is based on a method of outputting by shifting half a dot every other line as shown in FIG. The data is also read at a position shifted by half a dot for each line, and in order to do so,
A 2Mi solid-state imaging device (hereinafter referred to as CCD) is provided with a positional relationship shifted by half a dot in the main scanning direction.

第7図は上述したCODを示すものである。FIG. 7 shows the above-mentioned COD.

CCDライン1から入力したデータは第6図に於けるラ
イン1に出力し、CCDライン2から人力したデータは
、第6図のライン2に出力する。
Data input from CCD line 1 is output to line 1 in FIG. 6, and data manually input from CCD line 2 is output to line 2 in FIG.

次にはまたCCDライン1からのデータをライン3から
出力する。すなわち、出力時の奇数ライン目には、CC
Dライン1からの入力データを出力し、出力時の偶数ラ
イン目には、CCDライン2からの入力データを出力す
る。これによって高濃度部または低濃度部でのつぶれが
なく、マトリクスサイズに応じた階調数の出力が得られ
、かつ、入力データのザンブリング点と同し位置に出力
することができる。
Next, the data from CCD line 1 is outputted from line 3 again. In other words, on the odd line when outputting, CC
The input data from the D line 1 is output, and the input data from the CCD line 2 is output on the even numbered line at the time of output. As a result, there is no distortion in high-density or low-density parts, an output with the number of gradations corresponding to the matrix size can be obtained, and it can be output at the same position as the zumbling point of input data.

以下、第8図に一実施例に係る本システムのブロック図
を示す。
Below, FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of the present system according to one embodiment.

101で示すCCDライン1,102で示すCCDライ
ン2は第7図に対応するものであり、互いに半ドツトず
れた関係ムこある。c c 1)ライン】とCCDライ
ン2は、第7図のごとく、隣り合わせのライン上に配置
されており、同時に測光を行う。各CCDで読み込んだ
データは、A/D変換器104,105でアナログ/デ
ジタル変換され、ライン1のデータはそのままマルチプ
レクサ108に、ライン2のデータはラインバッファ1
07を経てマルチプレクサ108に至る。ライン信号検
知装置103にノり出力のライン信号を得る。
CCD line 1 indicated by 101 and CCD line 2 indicated by 102 correspond to FIG. 7, and are shifted by half a dot from each other. c c 1) line] and the CCD line 2 are arranged on adjacent lines as shown in FIG. 7, and photometry is performed at the same time. The data read by each CCD is converted from analog to digital by A/D converters 104 and 105, the data of line 1 is directly sent to the multiplexer 108, and the data of line 2 is sent to the line buffer 1.
07 to the multiplexer 108. A line signal output from the line signal detection device 103 is obtained.

ライン信号はカウンタ106によってカウントされる。The line signals are counted by counter 106.

その最下位ビットは、う・「ンが奇数ライン目か、偶数
ラインかを表す。この最下位ビットの信号をマルチプレ
クサ108で受り、IFf数ラインならばライン1のデ
ータを、偶数ラインならばライン2のデータを選択し、
補正回路109を経て、階調処理回路110で階調処理
され、レーザドライバ111を経て半ドツト分、遅延回
路112に入力される。そして、カウンタ106の最下
位ビットにより、奇数ラインのときはデータは素通りし
、偶数ラインのときは、半ドツト分の時間遅れてレーザ
113をON・OFFさせる。尚、′114は同期制御
回路である。また115はI10ボート、116はCP
U、117はRAM、118はROM、119は同期制
御回路との間で信号をやりとりするI10ボート、12
0はアドレス、データ、コントロールバースであり、こ
れらで制御システムを司る。
The least significant bit indicates whether the line is an odd numbered line or an even numbered line.The signal of this least significant bit is received by the multiplexer 108. Select the data for line 2,
The signal passes through a correction circuit 109, undergoes gradation processing in a gradation processing circuit 110, passes through a laser driver 111, and is input to a delay circuit 112 for half a dot. Then, depending on the least significant bit of the counter 106, the data passes through the line without any delay when the line is an odd number, and the laser 113 is turned on and off with a delay of half a dot when the line is an even number. Note that '114 is a synchronous control circuit. Also, 115 is I10 boat, 116 is CP
U, 117 is RAM, 118 is ROM, 119 is I10 port for exchanging signals with the synchronous control circuit, 12
0 is an address, data, and control verse, which govern the control system.

(効果) 本発明は以上述べた通りであり、本発明に係る連続階調
画の表示システムによれば、高濃度部、または低濃度部
のつぶれが解消され、かつ読み込みデータと出力データ
の位置関係が正しくなるため、良好な画像が得られると
いう効果を奏する。
(Effects) The present invention is as described above, and according to the continuous tone image display system according to the present invention, collapse of high-density areas or low-density areas is eliminated, and the positions of read data and output data are Since the relationship is correct, there is an effect that a good image can be obtained.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図は同ピツチで配列された網点とその重なりを示す
パターン図、第2図は64階調画を得るためのベイヤー
型ディザマトリクスを示−4図、第3図は階調データと
面積率との関係を示′す特性図、□第4図はうず巻型の
マトリクスを示す図、第5図は第4図のマトリクスに基
づく階調特性図、第6図ば本−明の前提となる走査ライ
ンごとに半ドツトずつ網点をずらした状態をしめ1図、
第7図は本発明に係るCODの配置を示す図、第8図は
同、一実施例に係るシステム全体のブロック図である。 101.102・・・固体撮像素子、103,106.
108・・・データを切り換える装置、112・・・半
ドツト分遅延回路。 第1図 C 第2図 第3図 /                 /’″′7・ 7′ 7′ C″)7′ +77 堅     ・′ 7′ 呵        −−ノ 第4図 第5図
Figure 1 is a pattern diagram showing halftone dots arranged at the same pitch and their overlap, Figure 2 is a Bayer dither matrix for obtaining a 64-gradation image, and Figure 3 is a diagram showing gradation data. A characteristic diagram showing the relationship with the area ratio, □Figure 4 is a diagram showing a spiral-shaped matrix, Figure 5 is a gradation characteristic diagram based on the matrix in Figure 4, and Figure 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the present and the light Figure 1 shows the state in which the halftone dots are shifted by half a dot for each scanning line, which is the premise.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the arrangement of the COD according to the present invention, and FIG. 8 is a block diagram of the entire system according to one embodiment of the same. 101.102...solid-state image sensor, 103,106.
108... Device for switching data, 112... Half dot delay circuit. Figure 1 C Figure 2 Figure 3 /''''7・7'7'C'')7' +77 Ken ・'7' 呵 --ノ Figure 4 Figure 5

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 主走査方向に半ドットずれた位置関係の2組の固体撮像
素子ラインと、1ライン毎に、副走査方向で先にある固
体撮像素子ラインのデータと後にある固体撮像素子ライ
ンのデータとを切り換える装置と、それに対応して、そ
のまま出力する、または主走査方向に半ドット分遅延さ
せて出力する回路を有することを特徴とする連続階調画
の表示システム。
Two sets of solid-state image sensor lines are shifted by half a dot in the main scanning direction, and each line is switched between the data of the previous solid-state image sensor line and the data of the subsequent solid-state image sensor line in the sub-scan direction. 1. A continuous tone image display system comprising a device and a corresponding circuit that outputs the image as is or outputs the image with a delay of half a dot in the main scanning direction.
JP61139251A 1986-06-17 1986-06-17 Display system for continuous gradation picture Pending JPS62296655A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP61139251A JPS62296655A (en) 1986-06-17 1986-06-17 Display system for continuous gradation picture

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP61139251A JPS62296655A (en) 1986-06-17 1986-06-17 Display system for continuous gradation picture

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS62296655A true JPS62296655A (en) 1987-12-23

Family

ID=15240957

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP61139251A Pending JPS62296655A (en) 1986-06-17 1986-06-17 Display system for continuous gradation picture

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS62296655A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002341460A (en) * 2001-05-21 2002-11-27 Noritsu Koki Co Ltd Exposure device, photographic processing device and exposure method

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002341460A (en) * 2001-05-21 2002-11-27 Noritsu Koki Co Ltd Exposure device, photographic processing device and exposure method

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