JPS62269150A - Electrostatic charge image developing toner - Google Patents
Electrostatic charge image developing tonerInfo
- Publication number
- JPS62269150A JPS62269150A JP61110900A JP11090086A JPS62269150A JP S62269150 A JPS62269150 A JP S62269150A JP 61110900 A JP61110900 A JP 61110900A JP 11090086 A JP11090086 A JP 11090086A JP S62269150 A JPS62269150 A JP S62269150A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- toner
- particles
- particle size
- carrier
- developing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000011981 development test Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000010558 suspension polymerization method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005411 Van der Waals force Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006249 magnetic particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSNILPMOSNGHLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-methoxy-3-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)phenyl]ethanone Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C(C)=O)C=C1CN1CCCCC1 OSNILPMOSNGHLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNETULKMXZVUST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 LNETULKMXZVUST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FWLHAQYOFMQTHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-N-[8-[[8-(4-aminoanilino)-10-phenylphenazin-10-ium-2-yl]amino]-10-phenylphenazin-10-ium-2-yl]-8-N,10-diphenylphenazin-10-ium-2,8-diamine hydroxy-oxido-dioxochromium Chemical compound O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O.O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O.O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O.Nc1ccc(Nc2ccc3nc4ccc(Nc5ccc6nc7ccc(Nc8ccc9nc%10ccc(Nc%11ccccc%11)cc%10[n+](-c%10ccccc%10)c9c8)cc7[n+](-c7ccccc7)c6c5)cc4[n+](-c4ccccc4)c3c2)cc1 FWLHAQYOFMQTHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MFYSUUPKMDJYPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(4-methyl-2-nitrophenyl)diazenyl]-3-oxo-n-phenylbutanamide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC(=O)C(C(=O)C)N=NC1=CC=C(C)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O MFYSUUPKMDJYPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXVUDUCBEZFQGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4-dimethylpentanenitrile Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCC#N VXVUDUCBEZFQGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XURABDHWIADCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-prop-2-enylhepta-1,6-diene Chemical compound C=CCC(CC=C)CC=C XURABDHWIADCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002012 Aerosil® Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001692 EU approved anti-caking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000013032 Hydrocarbon resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NRCMAYZCPIVABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinacridone Chemical compound N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=C1C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3NC1=C2 NRCMAYZCPIVABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920007962 Styrene Methyl Methacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- IRERQBUNZFJFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-L azure blue Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[S-]S[S-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] IRERQBUNZFJFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L barium(2+);oxomethanediolate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][14C]([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000981 basic dye Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyronitrile Chemical compound CCCC#N KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical class C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Cu+2].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000664 diazo group Chemical group [N-]=[N+]=[*] 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VYXSBFYARXAAKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-[3-(ethylamino)-6-ethylimino-2,7-dimethylxanthen-9-yl]benzoate;hydron;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=2C=C(C)C(NCC)=CC=2OC2=CC(=[NH+]CC)C(C)=CC2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC VYXSBFYARXAAKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920006270 hydrocarbon resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UCNNJGDEJXIUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)iron;iron Chemical compound [Fe].O[Fe]=O.O[Fe]=O UCNNJGDEJXIUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 210000003127 knee Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 1
- MOUPNEIJQCETIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead chromate Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O MOUPNEIJQCETIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006247 magnetic powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ADFPJHOAARPYLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;styrene Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 ADFPJHOAARPYLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014366 other mixer Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001490 poly(butyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002285 poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002102 polyvinyl toluene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930187593 rose bengal Natural products 0.000 description 1
- AZJPTIGZZTZIDR-UHFFFAOYSA-L rose bengal Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1C1=C2C=C(I)C(=O)C(I)=C2OC2=C(I)C([O-])=C(I)C=C21 AZJPTIGZZTZIDR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940081623 rose bengal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- STRXNPAVPKGJQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N rose bengal A Natural products O1C(=O)C(C(=CC=C2Cl)Cl)=C2C21C1=CC(I)=C(O)C(I)=C1OC1=C(I)C(O)=C(I)C=C21 STRXNPAVPKGJQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920006249 styrenic copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000011882 ultra-fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013799 ultramarine blue Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004304 visual acuity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/0819—Developers with toner particles characterised by the dimensions of the particles
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Magnetic Brush Developing In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Dry Development In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
１胤血Ｉ
本発明は静電潜像現像用トナー、特に現像剤担持体背面
の磁極間が現像部に存在し、この現像部における間隙に
交互電界を印加する新しい二成分非接触現像方法に好適
に用いられる粒度分布幅が狭い小粒径トナーに関する。[Detailed Description of the Invention] 1. The present invention relates to a toner for developing an electrostatic latent image, particularly a new toner in which a gap between magnetic poles on the back side of a developer carrier exists in a developing section, and an alternating electric field is applied to the gap in this developing section. The present invention relates to a small particle size toner with a narrow particle size distribution width that is suitably used in a two-component non-contact developing method.
１１藍遣
従来、非接触現像方法の一つとして、絶縁性磁性トナー
又は非磁性トナーを現像剤担持体表面上に薄く塗布し、
現像部においてこの薄層化された現像剤の表面と潜像保
持体表面との間に空隙を形成し、この現像部に交互電界
を印加して現像剤担持体上よりトナーを水用させて潜像
保持体上の静電Ｎｓ像を現像する方法が特開昭５５−１
８６５６号公報に開示されている。11 Aiyori Conventionally, as a non-contact development method, insulating magnetic toner or non-magnetic toner is thinly applied on the surface of a developer carrier.
A gap is formed between the surface of this thinned developer and the surface of the latent image carrier in the developing section, and an alternating electric field is applied to the developing section to cause the toner to drip from above the developer carrier. A method for developing an electrostatic Ns image on a latent image holder is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 55-1.
It is disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 8656.
しかしながら、この様な現像方法には次のような問題が
あった。すなわち、現像剤担持体表面上のトナー粒子を
それぞれ確実に目的の極性に帯電しようとすると、どう
しても現像剤担持体表面上のトナ一層の厚みは薄くなっ
てしまい、ベタ黒部分の現像濃度は充分高い値が得られ
ない、更に詳細に述べれば１文字状のＰＦ３像を現像し
た時には。However, such a developing method has the following problems. In other words, if you try to reliably charge each toner particle on the developer carrier surface to the desired polarity, the thickness of the toner layer on the developer carrier surface will inevitably become thinner, and the developed density of the solid black area will not be sufficient. A high value cannot be obtained; more specifically, when a single character-shaped PF3 image is developed.
この潜像に対向する現像剤担持体表面上の部分のトナー
だけでなく、周辺のトナーも交互電界によってこの文字
潜像部に寄り集まるので、充分高い濃度の現像像が得ら
れる。これに対して、ベタ黒部分又は太い線を有する静
電潜像を現像した時には、現像剤担持体表面上の薄層ト
ナーは高い濃度を得るには不充分になりやすく、潜像の
エツジ部にトナーが集まり、ベタ黒部のトナーが不足し
た画質しか得られなかった。Not only the toner on the surface of the developer carrier facing the latent image, but also the toner in the surrounding area gathers around the character latent image area due to the alternating electric field, so that a developed image with a sufficiently high density can be obtained. On the other hand, when an electrostatic latent image with solid black areas or thick lines is developed, the thin layer of toner on the surface of the developer carrier tends to be insufficient to obtain a high density, and the edges of the latent image tend to be insufficient. Toner collected on the image, resulting in image quality that lacked toner in solid black areas.
このベタ黒部のトナー濃度不足は、樹脂と磁性体とから
形成された磁性トナーを用いて現像した時よりも、主に
樹脂から形成された非磁性トナーを用いて現像した時の
方がより顕著である。したがって、白黒現像よりもカラ
ー現像を行なう時に、より深刻な問題となった。特に、
ビクトリアルカラーをねらった高画質現像のためには、
ニー。This lack of toner concentration in solid black areas is more noticeable when developing with non-magnetic toner made mainly of resin than when developing with magnetic toner made of resin and magnetic material. It is. Therefore, the problem became more serious when color development was performed than black and white development. especially,
For high-quality development aiming for Victorian colors,
knee.
ジ効果や、ベタ黒部の濃度不足は重大な問題となる。The darkening effect and lack of density in solid black areas become serious problems.
そこで、上述した欠点を克服するための技術として１本
出願人は先に、現像剤担持体背面の磁界発生手段の磁極
間が現像部に位置するように改良した現像方法を提案し
た（特開昭６Ｏ−２４２４６９４）、しかしながら、こ
の現像方法に好適なトナーについての検討は必ずしも充
分とは言えない、すなわち、現行一般に用いられている
重量平均粒径が十数ｐ、ｍの非磁性トナー粒子をそのま
ま用いたのでは、その粗さにより、現像および転写プロ
セスにおけるトナーの飛散が生じるため、改良された現
像方法の特性が充分に生かせない場合があり、解像度の
向上が不充分で、繊細な線や点を印刷のように鮮明に再
現することは困難である。Therefore, as a technique for overcoming the above-mentioned drawbacks, the present applicant has previously proposed an improved developing method in which the magnetic poles of the magnetic field generating means on the back surface of the developer carrier are located in the developing section (Unexamined Japanese Patent Publication No. However, studies on toners suitable for this developing method have not necessarily been sufficient.In other words, non-magnetic toner particles with a weight average particle size of a few tens of micrometers, which are currently commonly used, have not been sufficiently investigated. If used as is, the roughness will cause toner scattering during the development and transfer process, so the characteristics of the improved development method may not be fully utilized, and resolution will not be improved sufficiently, resulting in fine lines. It is difficult to reproduce the dots and dots as clearly as in printing.
高画質画像を得るためには、トナー粒子をより微粒子に
することが必要と考えられるが、トナー粒子を平均粒径
１０ｇｍ以下、特に、５ｇｍ以下の微粒子にすると、■
現像時のクーロン力に対して鏡像力やファンデルワール
ス力の影響が現われて、像背景の地部分にもトナー粒子
が付着する所謂かぶりが生ずるようになって、現像剤担
持体への直流バイアス電圧の印加によってもかぶりを防
ぐことが困難となり、更に■トナー粒子の摩擦帯電制御
が難しくなって、凝集が起り易くなる。In order to obtain high-quality images, it is thought that it is necessary to make toner particles finer, but if the toner particles are finer particles with an average particle size of 10 gm or less, especially 5 gm or less,
The effects of mirror image force and van der Waals force appear on the Coulomb force during development, and toner particles adhere to the ground area of the image background, causing so-called fog, which causes a direct current bias to the developer carrier. Application of voltage also makes it difficult to prevent fogging, and (2) it becomes difficult to control triboelectric charging of toner particles, making aggregation more likely.
したがって微粒子化には、上述のような副作用の方が目
立って、！′Ｉ明な画像が得られないと云う問題がある
ため、微粒子化したトナー粒子を実際に用いることは困
難であった。Therefore, the side effects mentioned above are more noticeable with micronization! It has been difficult to actually use micronized toner particles because of the problem that clear images cannot be obtained.
１に１１
本発明の主要な目的は、現像剤担持体背面の磁極間が現
像部に存在し、この現像部における間隙に交互電界を印
加する新しい二成分非接触現像方法に適用する静電荷像
現像用トナーであって、印刷に近い鮮明な高画質画像を
与えることがでさる静電荷像現像用トナーを提供するこ
とにある。1 to 11 The main object of the present invention is to develop an electrostatic charge image applied to a new two-component non-contact developing method in which a gap between magnetic poles on the back side of a developer carrier exists in a developing section and an alternating electric field is applied to the gap in this developing section. An object of the present invention is to provide a toner for developing an electrostatic image, which is a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image and can provide a clear high-quality image similar to that of printing.
１１立且１
本発明の静電荷像現像用トナーは、上記目的達成のため
に開発されたものであり、現像剤担持体背面に設けた磁
界発生手段の磁極間が、該現像剤担持体と潜像保持体と
が一定の現像間隙で対向する現像部に位置するように現
像剤担持体と潜像保持体とを配置し、トナー粒子とキャ
リア粒子とからなり、且つ、現像部において前記現像間
隙よりも小さい層厚を有するように規制された二成分現
像剤の層を現像剤担持体上に形成し、現像間隙に交互電
界を印加しつつ潜像保持体上の潜像を現像する現像方法
に用いるトナーであって、ｆｆ１ｆｉ平均粒子径が３〜
５ルｍ、粒子径８ｇｍ以上の粒子の重量含有率が５％以
下１粒子径２ｐｍ未満の粒子の個数含有率が１５％以下
であることを特徴とするものである。ここで使用する現
像方法の各プロセス条件（電界、現像間隙等）が広くと
れるようにするために、トナーの８ｐｍ以上の粒子や、
２ｐｍ未満の粒子の含有率は、できるだけ少ない方が好
ましい。11.1 The electrostatic image developing toner of the present invention was developed to achieve the above object, and the distance between the magnetic poles of the magnetic field generating means provided on the back surface of the developer carrier is the same as that of the developer carrier. The developer carrier and the latent image carrier are arranged so that the latent image carrier is located in a developing section facing each other with a constant development gap, and the developer carrier is composed of toner particles and carrier particles, and Development in which a layer of two-component developer whose thickness is regulated to be smaller than the gap is formed on a developer carrier, and the latent image on the latent image carrier is developed while applying an alternating electric field to the development gap. The toner used in the method has an ff1fi average particle diameter of 3 to 3.
5 gm, the weight content of particles with a particle size of 8 gm or more is 5% or less, and the number content of particles with a particle size of less than 2 pm is 15% or less. In order to ensure that the various process conditions (electric field, development gap, etc.) of the developing method used here can be widened, toner particles of 8 pm or more,
The content of particles less than 2 pm is preferably as low as possible.
すなわち１本発明者らは現像剤担持体背面の磁極間が現
像部に存在し、この現像部における間隙に交互電界を印
加する新しい二成分非接触現像方法のプロセスについて
深く検討した結果、（従来の現像方法においては用いる
ことが困難であった）小粒径のトナーがむしろ好適に使
用できることを見出し、更に、このトナーの粒度分布幅
を狭くすることが、印刷に近い鮮明な高画質画像を与え
ることを知見して、本発明を完成したものである。In other words, the present inventors have deeply studied the process of a new two-component non-contact developing method in which the gap between the magnetic poles on the back side of the developer carrier exists in the developing section, and an alternating electric field is applied to the gap in the developing section. We discovered that toner with a small particle size (which was difficult to use in the development method of The present invention was completed based on the knowledge that
以下、本発明を更に詳細に説明する。The present invention will be explained in more detail below.
；
本発明の静電荷像現像用トナーは、従来使用されていた
平均粒径十数＃Ｌｍのトナーと比較して。; The electrostatic image developing toner of the present invention has an average particle size of about 10 #Lm compared to a conventionally used toner.
重量平均粒径が５７ｚｍ以下の小粒径であり、且つ粗大
粒子トナーや超微粒子トナーの含有率をある割合以下に
押えた特殊なトナーである。It is a special toner having a small particle size with a weight average particle size of 57 zm or less, and the content of coarse particle toner or ultrafine particle toner is suppressed to a certain percentage or less.
一般に、トナー粒子の平均粒径が小さくなると、定性的
に粒径の二乗に比例してトナー粒子の帯電量が減少し、
相対的に鏡像力やファンデルワールス力のような付着力
が大きくなって、トナー粒子がキャリア粒子から離れに
くくなったり、またトナー粒子が一旦潜像保持体面の非
画像部に付着すると、それが従来の磁気ブラシによる摺
擦では容易に除去されずにかぶりを生じるようになる。Generally, as the average particle size of toner particles becomes smaller, the amount of charge on the toner particles qualitatively decreases in proportion to the square of the particle size.
Adhesive forces such as image forces and van der Waals forces become relatively large, making it difficult for toner particles to separate from carrier particles, and once toner particles adhere to non-image areas of the latent image carrier surface, they become By rubbing with a conventional magnetic brush, it is not easily removed and fogging occurs.
従来の磁気ブラシ現像方法では、トナー粒子の平均粒径
が１０ｇｍ以下になると、このような問題が顕著になっ
た。In the conventional magnetic brush development method, such problems became noticeable when the average particle size of toner particles was 10 gm or less.
しかし１本発明のトナーを使用する現像方法においては
、現像剤担持体と潜像保持体との間に交互電界を印加し
て現像を行なうことで、この問題点を解消している。However, in the developing method using the toner of the present invention, this problem is solved by applying alternating electric fields between the developer carrier and the latent image carrier to perform development.
即ち、現像剤層に付着しているトナー粒子は、電気的に
与えられる振動によって現像剤層から離れて潜像保持体
面の画像部及び非画像部に移行し易く、且つ離れ易くな
る。そして現像剤層厚を。That is, the toner particles adhering to the developer layer are easily moved away from the developer layer and transferred to the image area and non-image area on the surface of the latent image carrier due to electrically applied vibrations, and are also easily separated from the developer layer. and developer layer thickness.
潜像保持体面と現像剤担持体面との間隙よりも薄く形成
した場合は、帯電量の低いトナー粒子が画像部や非画像
部に移行することが殆んどなくなり、また、潜像保持体
面と擦られることがないために摩擦帯電により潜像保持
体に付着することもなくなって、Ｉμｍ程度のトナー粒
径のものまで用いられるようになる。したがって、静電
Ｈｓ＃Ｌを忠実に現像した再現性のよい鮮明なトナー像
を得ることができる。If the gap is thinner than the gap between the latent image carrier surface and the developer carrier surface, toner particles with a low charge amount will hardly migrate to the image area or non-image area, and the gap between the latent image carrier surface and the developer carrier surface will be reduced. Since there is no rubbing, there is no possibility of adhesion to the latent image carrier due to frictional charging, and toner particles having a particle size of about I μm can now be used. Therefore, a clear toner image with good reproducibility can be obtained by faithfully developing electrostatic Hs#L.
更に、交互電界はトナー粒子とキャリヤ粒子との結合を
弱めるので、トナー粒子に伴うキャリヤ粒子の潜像保持
体面への付着も減少する。特に、現像剤・層の厚さを潜
像保持体面と現像剤担持体面との間隙よりも薄くした場
合は、画像部及び非画像部領域において、大きな帯電量
を持つトナー粒子が交互電界下で振動し、電界の強さに
よってはキャリヤ粒子も振動することにより、トナー粒
子が選択的に潜像保持体面の画像部に移行するようにな
るため、キャリヤ粒子の潜像保持体面への付着は大幅に
軽減される。電界により、非画像部領域のトナー粒子は
非画像部へ到達する場合も到達しない場合もある。キャ
リヤについても同様である。Furthermore, since the alternating electric field weakens the bond between the toner particles and the carrier particles, the adhesion of carrier particles associated with the toner particles to the latent image carrier surface is also reduced. In particular, when the thickness of the developer/layer is made thinner than the gap between the latent image carrier surface and the developer carrier surface, toner particles with a large amount of charge are exposed to alternating electric fields in the image area and non-image area. The toner particles vibrate, and depending on the strength of the electric field, the carrier particles also vibrate, causing the toner particles to selectively migrate to the image area on the latent image carrier surface, which greatly reduces the adhesion of the carrier particles to the latent image carrier surface. will be reduced to Depending on the electric field, toner particles in the non-image area may or may not reach the non-image area. The same applies to carriers.
本発明のトナーを用いる現像方法において、更に重要な
ことは、現像領域で潜像保持体と、磁極発生手段の磁極
間（後述する第１図のＮ１と５１との間）とが対向して
いることである。このため、現像剤の穂立ちがほとんど
なく、潜像保持体と現像剤担持体との距離を今まで以上
に小さくして二成分非接触現像を行うことが可能になり
、ぼけのない鮮明な画像が得られる。What is more important in the developing method using the toner of the present invention is that the latent image carrier and the magnetic poles of the magnetic pole generating means (between N1 and 51 in FIG. 1, which will be described later) face each other in the developing area. It is that you are. This makes it possible to perform two-component non-contact development with almost no developer spikes and a smaller distance between the latent image carrier and the developer carrier than ever before, resulting in sharp, blur-free images. An image is obtained.
一方、トナーの平均粒径が大きくなると、先にも述べた
ように画像の荒れや、とびちりが目立つようになる０通
常、画像の解像力に関しては、平均粒径１０ルｍ程度の
トナーでも実用上は問題ない、しかし、平均粒径５ｇｍ
以下に微粒化したトナーを用いると、解像力は格段に向
上して、濃淡差等も忠実に再現した鮮明な高画質画像を
与えるようになる。On the other hand, as mentioned above, as the average particle size of toner increases, image roughness and scattering become noticeable.Normally, in terms of image resolution, even toner with an average particle size of about 10 lm is not practical for practical use. is not a problem, but the average particle size is 5gm
If atomized toner is used below, the resolving power will be significantly improved and a clear, high-quality image with faithful reproduction of gradation differences etc. will be provided.
本発明に際し、トナー粒子の重量平均粒子径が３ｇｍ未
満となるか、あるいは５．Ｂｃｍを越えると画像の解像
力が急激に低下し、また粒子径８ｇｍ以上の粗大トナー
の重量含有率が５％を越えると、トナーのとびちりが起
こり、一方、粒子径２μｍ未満の超微小トナーの個数含
有率が１５％を越えると、カブリが１１１著になる。In the present invention, the weight average particle diameter of the toner particles is less than 3 gm, or 5. When Bcm is exceeded, image resolution sharply decreases, and when the weight content of coarse toner with a particle size of 8 gm or more exceeds 5%, toner scattering occurs; When the number content exceeds 15%, fog becomes 111%.
このような粒度分布を有する本発明の小粒径トナーを得
るには、後述するような従来公知のビニル系１、非ビニ
ル系の熱可塑性樹脂等からなるバインダー樹脂と、着色
剤としての顔料又は染料と、必要に応じて添加される荷
電制御剤や添加剤等とを、ボールミルその他の混合機に
より充分混合した後、加熱ロール、ニーダ−、エクスト
ルーダー等の熱混練機を用いて熔融、捏和及び練肉する
ことにより、樹脂類を互いに相溶せしめた中に、顔料又
は染料を分散又は溶解せしめる。この生成物を冷却固化
させた後、粉砕し、更に分級することによって平均粒径
３〜５１Ｌｍで、しかも粒子径８ｕＬｍ以上の粗大トナ
ーと１粒子径２μｍ未満の超微小トナーとを所定の割合
で含有するように制御されたトナーを得ればよい。In order to obtain the small particle diameter toner of the present invention having such a particle size distribution, a binder resin consisting of a conventionally known vinyl-based thermoplastic resin, non-vinyl thermoplastic resin, etc., as described below, and a pigment or a coloring agent are used. After thoroughly mixing the dye and charge control agents and additives added as necessary using a ball mill or other mixer, they are melted and kneaded using a heat kneader such as a heated roll, kneader, or extruder. By mixing and kneading, the pigment or dye is dispersed or dissolved in the resins that are made compatible with each other. After cooling and solidifying this product, it is pulverized and further classified to obtain a predetermined ratio of coarse toner with an average particle size of 3 to 51 Lm, and moreover, a coarse toner with a particle size of 8 uLm or more and an ultrafine toner with a particle size of less than 2 μm. What is necessary is to obtain a toner whose content is controlled to be .
未発明のトナーに使用することのできるトナーバインダ
ー樹脂としては、例えばポリスチレン、ポリビニルトル
エン等のスチレン及びその置換体の単重合体；スチレン
−メタクリル酸メチル共重合体、スチレン−アクリロニ
トリル共重合体、スチレン−フタジエン共重合体等のス
チレン系共重合体；ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリブ
チルメタクリレート、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリ酢酸ビニル
、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエステル、ポリ
ウレタン、ポリアミド、エポキシ樹脂。Examples of toner binder resins that can be used in the uninvented toner include monopolymers of styrene and its substituted products such as polystyrene and polyvinyltoluene; styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymers, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers, and styrene. - Styrenic copolymers such as phthadiene copolymers; polymethyl methacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyurethane, polyamide, epoxy resin.
ポリビニルブチラール、ポリアクリル酸樹脂、ロジン、
変性ロジン、テルペン樹脂、フェノール樹脂、脂−肪族
又は脂環族炭化水素樹脂、芳香族系石油樹脂、塩素化パ
ラフィン、パラフィンワックスなどがあげられる。これ
らのバインダーは単独で或いは混合して使用できる。Polyvinyl butyral, polyacrylic acid resin, rosin,
Examples include modified rosin, terpene resin, phenol resin, aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon resin, aromatic petroleum resin, chlorinated paraffin, and paraffin wax. These binders can be used alone or in combination.
また本発明のトナーに使用される着色剤としては、カー
ボンブラック、ランプブラック、鉄黒。Colorants used in the toner of the present invention include carbon black, lamp black, and iron black.
群青、ニグロシン染料、アニリンブラック、フタロシア
ニンブルー、フタロシアニングリーン、ハンサイエロー
Ｇ、ローダミン６Ｇレーキ、カルコオイルブルー、クロ
ムイエロー、キナクリドン、ベンジジンイエロー、ロー
ズベンガル、トリアリルメタン系染料、七ノアゾ系、ジ
スアゾ系染顔料等、従来公知のいかなる染顔料をも単独
あるいは混合して使用し得る。Ultramarine blue, nigrosine dye, aniline black, phthalocyanine blue, phthalocyanine green, Hansa yellow G, rhodamine 6G lake, calco oil blue, chrome yellow, quinacridone, benzidine yellow, rose bengal, triallylmethane dye, sevenanoazo dye, disazo dye Any conventionally known dyes and pigments such as pigments can be used alone or in combination.
これら着色剤の添加量は、トナーバインダー樹脂１００
重量部に対して、２〜３０重量部であることが望ましい
。The amount of these colorants added is 100% of toner binder resin.
It is desirable that the amount is 2 to 30 parts by weight.
また本発明のトナーに所望の摩擦帯電性を付与するため
に、従来公知の荷電制御剤を添加することができる。こ
のような荷電制御剤としては１例えば炭素数２〜１６の
アルキル基を含むアジン系染料；塩基性染料；高級脂肪
酸の金属塩；サリチル酸、ナフトエ酸、グイカルボン酸
のＣ０１Ｃｒ、Ｆｅ等の金属錯体；等が用いられる。こ
れらは、トナーバインダー樹脂１００ｉ量部に対して０
０１〜２０重量部用いることが望ましい。Further, in order to impart desired triboelectric charging properties to the toner of the present invention, a conventionally known charge control agent can be added. Examples of such charge control agents include 1, for example, azine dyes containing an alkyl group having 2 to 16 carbon atoms; basic dyes; metal salts of higher fatty acids; metal complexes of salicylic acid, naphthoic acid, guicarboxylic acid such as CO1Cr and Fe; etc. are used. These amounts are 0 parts per 100 parts of toner binder resin.
It is desirable to use 01 to 20 parts by weight.
本発明のトナーには、必要に応じて添加剤を混合しても
よい、添加剤としては１例えばテフロン、ステアリン酸
亜鉛の如き滑剤、あるいは１例えばＭ化セリウム、炭化
ケイ素等の研摩剤、あるいは例えばコロイダル、シリカ
、酸化フルニミウム等の流動性付手剤、ケーキング防止
剤、あるいは例えばカーボンブラック、ｍ化スズ等の導
電性付与剤、あるいは例えば低分子量ポリエチレンなど
の定着助剤等がある。The toner of the present invention may be mixed with additives as necessary, such as lubricants such as Teflon and zinc stearate, or abrasives such as cerium Mide and silicon carbide, or Examples include fluidity agents such as colloidal, silica, and flunimium oxide, anti-caking agents, conductivity imparting agents such as carbon black and tin mide, and fixing aids such as low molecular weight polyethylene.
未発明のトナーは、上記したような熔融、混線、粉砕工
程を含むトナー製造方法以外にも、トナーバインダー樹
脂を構成すべき単量体に所定材料を混合し適当な分散媒
体中で乳化懸濁させた後、重合してトナーを得る重合法
トナー製造方法を用いても得ることができる。In addition to the toner manufacturing method that includes the melting, mixing, and pulverizing steps described above, the uninvented toner can also be produced by mixing a specified material with the monomer that constitutes the toner binder resin and emulsifying and suspending it in a suitable dispersion medium. It can also be obtained by using a polymerization toner manufacturing method in which the toner is produced by polymerizing the toner.
この懸濁重合法を用いる場合、前記したトナーバインダ
ー樹脂に対応する１種類以上の重合性単量体および染顔
料（必要に応じて荷電制御剤、添加剤、ジビニルベンゼ
ン等の架橋剤等）と、アゾビスインブチロニトリル（Ａ
Ｉ Ｂ Ｎ）等の重合開始剤とを混合して得られる重
合性混合物を１例えば約０．１〜３０％の適当な分散剤
を含む水性分散媒中に投入し、攪拌しながら５０℃以上
の温度で重合させることにより本発明のトナーが得られ
る。When using this suspension polymerization method, one or more polymerizable monomers and dyes and pigments (if necessary, charge control agents, additives, crosslinking agents such as divinylbenzene, etc.) are added to the toner binder resin. , azobisin butyronitrile (A
A polymerizable mixture obtained by mixing a polymerization initiator such as IBN) into an aqueous dispersion medium containing, for example, about 0.1 to 30% of a suitable dispersant, and heated at 50°C or higher while stirring. The toner of the present invention can be obtained by polymerizing at a temperature of .
上記分散剤としては、例えば、ゼラチン、澱粉、ポリビ
ニルアルコール、硫酸バリウム、硫酸カルシウム、炭酸
バリウム、炭酸マグネシウム、燐酸カルシウム、タルク
、粘度、珪酸、金属醜化物、コロイダルシリカ、その他
の粉末等を挙げることができる。Examples of the dispersant include gelatin, starch, polyvinyl alcohol, barium sulfate, calcium sulfate, barium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium phosphate, talc, viscosity, silicic acid, metal oxides, colloidal silica, and other powders. Can be done.
また１重合組成物がイオン性物質、例えば窒素含有重合
性単量体若しくは難水溶性アミン類等のカチオン性物質
またはアニオン性物質を含有することにより、水中に分
散されたときにその分散粒子が正または負の一方の極性
に帯電する場合においては、水中に分散されたときに他
方の極性に帯電するイオン性分散剤１例えば負帯電性の
コロイダルシリカ、正帯電性の酸化アルミニウム等を懸
濁安定剤として有効に用いることができる。In addition, when the polymer composition contains an ionic substance, for example, a cationic substance or anionic substance such as a nitrogen-containing polymerizable monomer or poorly water-soluble amines, when dispersed in water, the dispersed particles are In the case of being charged to either positive or negative polarity, an ionic dispersant 1 that is charged to the other polarity when dispersed in water, such as negatively charged colloidal silica, positively charged aluminum oxide, etc., is suspended. It can be effectively used as a stabilizer.
また、分散剤の作用促進のため、ドデシルベンゼンスル
ホン酸ナトリウム等の界面活性剤を分散剤に添加しても
よい。Further, a surfactant such as sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate may be added to the dispersant to promote the action of the dispersant.
上記した懸濁重合法により得られた微粒状重合体を洗浄
した後、ｐ過、デカンテーション、遠心分離等により処
理し、粒子を回収して乾燥することによりトナーが得ら
れる。After washing the fine particulate polymer obtained by the suspension polymerization method described above, it is treated by filtration, decantation, centrifugation, etc., and the particles are collected and dried to obtain a toner.
この懸濁重合法を用いた場合、トナー粒径および粒径分
布の制御は、主に重合性単量体量に対する分散剤の量、
重合時の攪拌速度の調節によって行なわれる０重合性単
量体に対する分散剤の量が多い程、また攪拌速度、特に
重合初期の攪拌速度が大きい程、得られるトナーの粒径
が小さくなる。また、必要に応じて上記重合法で得られ
たトナーを一分級して本発明のトナーに適応した粒度分
布を有するトナーを得てもよい。When this suspension polymerization method is used, the toner particle size and particle size distribution are controlled mainly by the amount of dispersant relative to the amount of polymerizable monomer,
The larger the amount of dispersant relative to the zero-polymerizable monomer, which is controlled by adjusting the stirring speed during polymerization, and the higher the stirring speed, especially the stirring speed at the initial stage of polymerization, the smaller the particle size of the resulting toner. Further, if necessary, the toner obtained by the above polymerization method may be classified to obtain a toner having a particle size distribution suitable for the toner of the present invention.
上記したように１本発明の静電荷像現像用トナーは粉砕
法又は重合法で製造することができるが、これらに限定
されるものではない。As described above, the toner for developing electrostatic images of the present invention can be produced by a pulverization method or a polymerization method, but the method is not limited thereto.
第１図は本発明のトナーに適用した現像装置の一歯を示
す模式側面断面図である０図中、■は静電潜像保持体で
、１１は背面電極、１２はこの上の静電潜像保持層であ
り絶縁体層であっても電子写真感光体層であってもよい
、ここでは感光ドラム１として示す、２は現像剤担持体
であり、ここでは非磁性体からなり、矢印Ａ方向に回転
する導電性スリーブである。３はこのスリーブの内側に
固定されて設けられた磁界発生手段で、この例では４極
の磁極を有するマグネットローラであり。FIG. 1 is a schematic side sectional view showing one tooth of a developing device applied to the toner of the present invention. In FIG. It is a latent image holding layer and may be an insulating layer or an electrophotographic photoreceptor layer, shown here as a photosensitive drum 1. 2 is a developer carrier, which is made of a non-magnetic material, and is indicated by an arrow. This is a conductive sleeve that rotates in the A direction. Reference numeral 3 denotes a magnetic field generating means fixedly provided inside the sleeve, which in this example is a magnet roller having four magnetic poles.
現像領域では、感光ドラムｌに対して、スリーブ２内部
のマグネットローラ３の磁極Ｎ！と磁極Ｓ１との磁極間
が対向して配置されている。４は樹脂中に磁性粉を含有
する磁性粒子（キャリア）と、これより平均粒径が小さ
くて主に樹脂からなる非磁性粒子（トナー）とが混合さ
れた現像剤である。矢印Ｂ方向に回転する感光ドラムｌ
の背面電極１１とスリーブ２との間には、直流電源５及
び交流電源６により現像バイアスが印加されている。７
は弾性部材、８はトナー補給ローラで、９は現像剤層厚
規制部材であり、ここではドクターブレードを示してい
る。In the developing area, the magnetic pole N! of the magnet roller 3 inside the sleeve 2 with respect to the photosensitive drum l. and magnetic pole S1 are arranged to face each other. 4 is a developer in which magnetic particles (carrier) containing magnetic powder in a resin are mixed with non-magnetic particles (toner) having a smaller average particle diameter and mainly made of resin. Photosensitive drum l rotating in the direction of arrow B
A developing bias is applied between the back electrode 11 and the sleeve 2 by a DC power supply 5 and an AC power supply 6. 7
8 is an elastic member, 8 is a toner supply roller, 9 is a developer layer thickness regulating member, and here a doctor blade is shown.
１１立逝］
上述したように本発明によれば、現像剤担持体背面の磁
界発生手段の磁極間が、潜像保持体と現像剤担体とが一
定の現像間隙で対向した現像部に位置し、且つトナー粒
子とキャリア粒子とから成る二成分現像剤層の厚みより
も大きな現像間隙を保持しつつ前記現像間隙に交互電界
を印加して潜像保持体上の潜像を現像する方法に用いる
トナーであ□って１重量平均粒径が３〜５ｇｍで、且つ
粒子径８ｐｍ以上の粗大トナーの重量含有率が５重量％
以下、粒子径２鉢ｍ未満の超微小トナーの個数含有率が
１５％以下である小粒径トナーが得られる０本発明のト
ナーを上記現像方法に用いることにより、かぶりがなく
、且つ解像力に優れた印刷に近い高画質画像が得られる
。11] As described above, according to the present invention, the gap between the magnetic poles of the magnetic field generating means on the back surface of the developer carrier is located in the developing section where the latent image carrier and the developer carrier face each other with a constant development gap. , and used in a method of developing a latent image on a latent image carrier by applying an alternating electric field to the development gap while maintaining a development gap larger than the thickness of a two-component developer layer consisting of toner particles and carrier particles. The toner has a weight average particle size of 3 to 5 gm, and the weight content of coarse toner with a particle size of 8 pm or more is 5% by weight.
Hereinafter, by using the toner of the present invention in the above-mentioned developing method, a toner with a small particle diameter in which the number content of ultrafine toner with a particle diameter of less than 2 m is 15% or less can be obtained, and there is no fog and resolution is obtained. You can obtain high-quality images that are close to those of excellent printing.
１崖１
次に１本発明を実施例により更に具体的に説明するが、
これは本発明をなんら限定するものではない。1 Cliff 1 Next, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples.
This is not intended to limit the invention in any way.
なお、以下の実施例において、トナーの粒径は、コール
タ−カウンターＴｙｐｅｌｌ、アパーチャー径１１００
ｐにより、ポリスチレン標準サンプルで検定して測定し
たものを用いた。In the following examples, the particle size of the toner is Coulter Counter Type, aperture diameter 1100.
p was measured using a polystyrene standard sample.
以下の実施例において、量比を表わす１部」はすべて重
量部である。In the following examples, all "1 part" expressing quantitative ratios are parts by weight.
１５０℃に熱した２本ロールで混練した。混練物を自然
放冷後、カッターミルで粗粉砕し、更にジェット気流を
用いた微粉砕機（Ｅ本ニューマチック社製ラボジェット
）を用いて、粒径１〜１０ｐｍの粉体に粉砕した０次に
分級器（***ＨＥＹＭＡ Ｉ Ｖ社製、フルピネ１００
ＭＺＲ） を使用し、回転数２０００Ｏｒｐｍで超微粉
トナーを除いた後、引き続き回転数１１０００Ｏｒｐで
粗粉トナーを除くことにより、前記コールタ−カウンタ
ーによる測定で１重量平均粒子径４．５ｐｍ、且つ粒子
径８ｇｍ以上の粗粉トナーの重量含有率が３，０ｆｆｉ
量％、粒子径２ｇｍ未満の超微小トナーの個数含有率が
１２．０％の粒度分布を有する小粒径トナーが得られた
０粒度分布のデータを後記第１表および第２図に示す。The mixture was kneaded using two rolls heated to 150°C. After the kneaded material was left to cool naturally, it was roughly pulverized with a cutter mill, and further pulverized into powder with a particle size of 1 to 10 pm using a pulverizer using a jet stream (Labojet manufactured by Ehon Pneumatic Co., Ltd.). Next, a classifier (Fulpine 100 manufactured by HEYMA IV, West Germany)
MZR) was used to remove the ultrafine powder toner at a rotation speed of 2000 rpm, and then to remove the coarse powder toner at a rotation speed of 11000 rpm, resulting in a weight average particle size of 4.5 pm and a particle size as measured by the coulter counter. The weight content of coarse powder toner of 8gm or more is 3.0ffi
Table 1 and Figure 2 below show the data of the 0 particle size distribution in which a small particle size toner was obtained with a particle size distribution in which the number content of ultrafine toner with a particle size of less than 2 gm was 12.0%. .
上記トナー１５ｇと、四三醸化鉄およびエポキシ系樹脂
よりなる平均粒径４０ｐｍのキャリア８５ｇと、疎水性
シリカ（日本アエロジル（株）製ＡＥＲＯ３ＩＬ Ｒ
９７２）０．１５ｇとを混合した現像剤を用いて、下記
の条件で現像テストを行なった。15 g of the above toner, 85 g of carrier with an average particle size of 40 pm made of iron chloride and epoxy resin, and hydrophobic silica (AERO3IL R manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.)
A development test was conducted under the following conditions using a developer mixed with 0.15 g of 972).
第１図を参照して、感光ドラムｌとしてはセレン感光体
１２を有するドラムを用いた。感光ドラムｌ上の潜像電
位＋６００Ｖ、背景電位ＯＶの時、スリーブ２に印加す
る現像バイアス電圧としては、ピーク対ピーク値１３０
０ＶＰＰ、周波数３．０ＫＨｚの交流電圧に、＋１ｓｏ
ｖの直流電圧を重畳したものを用いた。スリーブ２−ド
ラム１間を３００ｐｍ、現像債域の現像剤層厚を２００
ｇｍとし、現像スリーブ２表面上の磁石の垂直、水平
方向の磁力分布がそれぞれ第３図、第４図に示す様な磁
石を使用した。Referring to FIG. 1, a drum having a selenium photoreceptor 12 was used as the photoreceptor drum l. When the latent image potential on the photosensitive drum l is +600 V and the background potential is OV, the developing bias voltage applied to the sleeve 2 has a peak-to-peak value of 130 V.
+1so to AC voltage of 0VPP, frequency 3.0KHz
A superimposed DC voltage of V was used. The distance between sleeve 2 and drum 1 is 300 pm, and the developer layer thickness in the development area is 200 pm.
gm, and magnets were used whose magnetic force distributions in the vertical and horizontal directions on the surface of the developing sleeve 2 were as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, respectively.
以上の条件で本発明のトナーによる現像を行った後、ト
ナー像を普通紙に転写し１表面温度１５０℃のヒートロ
ーラ定着装置を通して定着した。結果は以下の実施例、
比較例とまとめて後記第２表に示す。After developing with the toner of the present invention under the above conditions, the toner image was transferred onto plain paper and fixed through a heat roller fixing device with a surface temperature of 150°C. The results are shown in the examples below,
The results are shown together with comparative examples in Table 2 below.
止Ｊし乳」
実施例１と同様のトナー構成材料を用いて混錬、粗粉砕
した後、ジェット気流を用いた微粉砕機の気流条件を変
化させて、粒径５〜１５１Ｌｍの粉体に粉砕した後、実
施例１と同様に分級器を用いて超微粉及び粗粉を除去し
て第１表に示す粒度分布を有するトナーを得た。After kneading and coarsely pulverizing the same toner constituent materials as in Example 1, changing the air flow conditions of a pulverizer using a jet stream, the toner was powdered with a particle size of 5 to 151 Lm. After pulverization, ultrafine powder and coarse powder were removed using a classifier in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a toner having a particle size distribution shown in Table 1.
このトナーを用いて実施例１と同様の条件で現像テスト
を行なった。A development test was conducted using this toner under the same conditions as in Example 1.
肛１遣」
分級器による粗粉トナーの除去を行なわなかった以外は
、実施例１と同様の手法で製造された第１表および第５
図の粒度分布を有するトナーを用い、実施例１と同様に
現像テストを行なった。Tables 1 and 5 were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the coarse toner particles were not removed using a classifier.
A development test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 using a toner having the particle size distribution shown in the figure.
之狡皇」
分級器による超微粉トナーの除去を行なわなかった以外
は、実施例１と同様の手法で製造されたトナーを用い、
実施例１と同様に現像テストを行なった。Using a toner manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the ultrafine powder toner was not removed using a classifier,
A development test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1.
叉」日１ヱ
攪拌χを用いて６０℃、ｉｏｏｒｐｍで５分間混合後、
更にアトライタ（ＭＡ−ＩＳＤ、三井三池製）で４Ｈｒ
攪拌した０次に、この溶液に２゜２−７ゾビスー（２、
４−ジメチルバレロニトリル）２ｇおよび２．２−７ゾ
ビスイソブチロニトリルＩｇを６０℃の温度下のもとで
溶解させた溶液を７ミノ変性シリカ（日本７エロジル（
株）製、ＡＥＲ６ＳＩＩ、２００．１００重量部に、ア
ミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン５重量部を反応させた
もの’）１５ｇと蒸留水６００ｇと、Ｎ／１０１１！酸
２０ｇとの混合物をあらかじめ入れたステンレス製容器
（容＠２ ｔ）に加え、窒素ガス雰囲気中６０℃で、Ｔ
Ｋホモミキサー（特殊機化工業製）を用いて１０．ＯＯ
Ｏｒｐｍで１ＨｒＨ１袢した。更にこの混合系を、パド
ル攪拌翼を用いて１１００ｒｐで１ＯＨｒ、６０℃で加
熱攪拌し、重合を完了せしめた。After mixing for 5 minutes at 60°C and IOORPM using stirring χ,
Furthermore, 4 hours with Attritor (MA-ISD, manufactured by Mitsui Miike)
After stirring, add 2°2-7 zobisu(2,
A solution prepared by dissolving 2 g of 4-dimethylvaleronitrile) and 2.2-7 zobisisobutyronitrile Ig at a temperature of 60°C was added to a solution of 7mino-modified silica (Japan 7 Erosyl).
Co., Ltd., AER6SII, 200.100 parts by weight was reacted with 5 parts by weight of aminopropyltriethoxysilane') 15 g and distilled water 600 g, N/1011! A mixture with 20 g of acid was added to a stainless steel container (capacity @ 2 t) and heated at 60°C in a nitrogen gas atmosphere.
10. Using a K homo mixer (manufactured by Tokushu Kika Kogyo). OO
I wore it for 1 hour at Orpm. Further, this mixed system was heated and stirred at 1100 rpm and 1OHr at 60° C. using a paddle stirring blade to complete the polymerization.
重合生成物を、冷却、脱水し、更に水酸化ナトリウム溶
液で洗浄、脱水した後、分級器（***ＨＥＹＭＡ Ｉ
Ｖ社製アルピネ１００ＭＺＲ）を使用して、回転数２０
００Ｏｒｐｍ′Ｔ！１ｌｌｊ粉トナー、未反応物などの
微粉物を除き、引き続さ、回転数１１０００Ｏｒｐで粗
粉トナーを除いて、重量平均粒径４．Ｏｐｍ、粒子径８
ｇｍ以上の粗大トナーの重量含有率が１重量％、粒子径
２μｍ未満のａｗＩ小トナーの個数含有率が５％である
小粒径トナーを得た。このトナーを用い実施例１と同様
の条件で現像テストを行なった。The polymerization product was cooled, dehydrated, further washed with a sodium hydroxide solution, and then dehydrated using a classifier (West German HEYMA I).
Using V company Alpine 100MZR), rotation speed 20
00Orpm'T! 1llj powder toner, remove fine particles such as unreacted substances, and continue to rotate at a rotation speed of 11,000 Orp, remove coarse powder toner, and have a weight average particle size of 4. Opm, particle size 8
A small particle size toner was obtained in which the weight content of coarse toner of gm or more was 1% by weight, and the number content of awI small toner of particle size less than 2 μm was 5%. A development test was conducted using this toner under the same conditions as in Example 1.
Ｌ笠１」
アミン変性シリカの添加量を８ｇとした以外は、実施例
２と同様の手法により第１表に示す粒度分布を有するト
ナーを得た。このトナーを用い、実施例１と同様の条件
で現像テストを行なった。L Kasa 1'' A toner having a particle size distribution shown in Table 1 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the amount of amine-modified silica added was 8 g. A development test was conducted using this toner under the same conditions as in Example 1.
ルｍ
分級器による粗粉トナーの除去を行なわなかった以外は
実施例２と同様の手法で製造されたトナーを得た。この
トナーを用い、実施例１と同様に現像テストを行なった
。A toner was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the coarse toner powder was not removed using a classifier. A development test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 using this toner.
之較皇」
分級器による超微粉トナーの除去を行なわなかった以外
は、実施例２と同様の手法で製造されたトナーを得た。A toner was produced in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the ultrafine powder toner was not removed using a classifier.
このトナーを用い、実施例１と同様に現像テストを行な
った。A development test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 using this toner.
上述のようにして得られたトナーの重量平均粒子径等を
まとめて第１表に、現像テストの結果をまとめて第２表
に示す。The weight average particle diameter, etc. of the toner obtained as described above are summarized in Table 1, and the results of the development test are summarized in Table 2.
笈１表
なお、上記第２表で示したカブリ、解像力、および印刷
との類似性の測定方法、並びに、これらの判定基準は以
下の通りである。Table 1 The methods for measuring fog, resolution, and similarity to printing shown in Table 2 above, as well as the criteria for these criteria, are as follows.
（カブリ）
非画像部の反射濃度値（紙の濃度を除いた値）が、０以
上０．０１未満の場合をＯ印、Ｏ，０１以上０．０３未
満の堝杏をΔ印、０．０３以上の場合をｘ印とした。(Fog) When the reflection density value of the non-image area (value excluding paper density) is 0 or more and less than 0.01, it is marked O, and when it is 01 or more and less than 0.03, it is marked Δ, and 0. Cases of 03 or higher were marked with an x.
（解像力） 解像力が７．１本／ ｍ ｍ以上の場合をＯ印。(resolution) Mark O if the resolution is 7.1 lines/mm or more.
５．０本／ ｍ ｍより大きく７．１本／ ｍ ｍ未満
の場合をｘ印、５．０本／ ｍ ｍ以下の場合をＸ×印
とした。The case where it was greater than 5.0 lines/mm and less than 7.1 lines/mm was marked with an x, and the case where it was 5.0 lines/mm or less was marked with an X.
（印刷との類似性）
オリジナル印刷原稿とコピーとの同じ線画像を、ミクロ
走査濃度計に□よって走査した際の、庵れぞれの画像内
部における光学反射濃度のゆらぎ（画像内部における光
学反射濃度の最大値と最小値との差）をそれぞれΔ（印
刷）とΔ（コピー）として、このΔ（印刷）とΔ（コピ
ー）との差が０．１以下の場合をＯ印、０．１より大き
く０゜２未満の場合をΔ印、０．２以上の場合をＸ印と
した。(Similarity to printing) Fluctuations in the optical reflection density inside each image (optical reflection inside the image) when the same line images of the original printed manuscript and the copy are scanned with a micro-scanning densitometer □ The difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the density) is designated as Δ (print) and Δ (copy), respectively, and when the difference between Δ (print) and Δ (copy) is 0.1 or less, it is marked O, 0. A value of greater than 1 and less than 0°2 was marked with Δ, and a value of 0.2 or more was marked with X.
第１図は本発明のトナーを適用した現像装置の一例を示
す模式側面断面図、第３図は第１図の装置におけるマグ
ネットローラの垂直方向の磁界分布図、第４図は第１図
の装置におけるマグネットローラの水平方向の磁界分布
図であり、第２図は実施例１で得られた本発明のトナー
の粒度分布を示すグラフ、第５図は比較例２のトナーの
粒度分布を示すグラフである。
図中、１は感光ドラム、２はスリーブ、３はマグネット
ローラ、４は現像剤、５．６は現像バイアス電源、９は
ドクターブレード、を表わす。
ｆｆ１＝第１＝
第 １ 図
第 ２ 図
（を距例１）
男 ５ 国
（比較例２）
ａ屯（ＰＩＴＩ）
第３図FIG. 1 is a schematic side sectional view showing an example of a developing device to which the toner of the present invention is applied, FIG. 3 is a vertical magnetic field distribution diagram of the magnet roller in the device shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 2 is a horizontal magnetic field distribution diagram of the magnet roller in the apparatus, FIG. 2 is a graph showing the particle size distribution of the toner of the present invention obtained in Example 1, and FIG. 5 is a graph showing the particle size distribution of the toner of Comparative Example 2. It is a graph. In the figure, 1 is a photosensitive drum, 2 is a sleeve, 3 is a magnet roller, 4 is a developer, 5.6 is a developing bias power source, and 9 is a doctor blade. ff1 = 1st = Figure 1 Figure 2 (Example 1) Male 5 Country (Comparative Example 2) a tun (PITI) Figure 3
Claims (1)
現像剤担持体と潜像保持体とが一定の現像間隙で対向す
る現像部に位置するように現像剤担持体と潜像保持体と
を配置し、 トナー粒子とキャリア粒子とからなり、且つ、現像部に
おいて前記現像間隙よりも小さい層厚を有するように規
制された二成分現像剤の層を現像剤担持体上に形成し、 現像間隙に交互電界を印加しつつ潜像保持体上の潜像を
現像する現像方法に用いるトナーであって、重量平均粒
子径が３〜５μｍ、粒子径８μｍ以上の粒子の重量含有
率が５％以下、粒子径２μｍ未満の粒子の個数含有率が
１５％以下であることを特徴とする静電荷像現像用トナ
ー。[Scope of Claims] The developer is arranged so that the magnetic poles of the magnetic field generating means provided on the back surface of the developer carrier are located in a developing section where the developer carrier and the latent image holder face each other with a constant development gap. A carrier and a latent image holder are arranged, and a layer of a two-component developer consisting of toner particles and carrier particles and regulated to have a layer thickness smaller than the development gap in the development section is applied to the developer. A toner formed on a carrier and used in a developing method of developing a latent image on a latent image carrier while applying an alternating electric field to the development gap, the toner having a weight average particle size of 3 to 5 μm and a particle size of 8 μm or more. A toner for developing an electrostatic image, characterized in that the weight content of particles is 5% or less, and the number content of particles with a particle diameter of less than 2 μm is 15% or less.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61110900A JPH083659B2 (en) | 1986-05-16 | 1986-05-16 | Toner for developing electrostatic image and developing method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61110900A JPH083659B2 (en) | 1986-05-16 | 1986-05-16 | Toner for developing electrostatic image and developing method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS62269150A true JPS62269150A (en) | 1987-11-21 |
| JPH083659B2 JPH083659B2 (en) | 1996-01-17 |
Family
ID=14547524
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61110900A Expired - Fee Related JPH083659B2 (en) | 1986-05-16 | 1986-05-16 | Toner for developing electrostatic image and developing method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH083659B2 (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62284364A (en) * | 1986-06-03 | 1987-12-10 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Image forming method |
| DE3943017A1 (en) * | 1988-12-27 | 1990-07-05 | Canon Kk | ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURE PRODUCTION PROCESS USING A LIGHT-RECEIVING ELEMENT COMPRISING AN AMORPHIC SILICON WITH A LAYER THAT CARRIES A CARRYING IMAGE AND A LAYER THAT CARRIES ON A DEVELOPED PICTURE, AND A TEMPERATURE INSULATING TONER |
| DE3943094A1 (en) * | 1988-12-27 | 1990-07-05 | Canon Kk | Electrophotographic image prodn. process - using multilayer amorphous silicon system as light collecting element |
| JPH04280256A (en) * | 1991-03-08 | 1992-10-06 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Electrostatic developer and electrostatic development method |
| JPH04506420A (en) * | 1989-06-28 | 1992-11-05 | アグファ ゲヴェルト ナームロゼ ベンノートチャップ | Dry electrostatic recording toner composition |
| US5512708A (en) * | 1993-10-20 | 1996-04-30 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Toner used in an image forming apparatus |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS54134636A (en) * | 1978-04-06 | 1979-10-19 | Xerox Corp | Electrostatic photography developer mixture |
-
1986
- 1986-05-16 JP JP61110900A patent/JPH083659B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS54134636A (en) * | 1978-04-06 | 1979-10-19 | Xerox Corp | Electrostatic photography developer mixture |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62284364A (en) * | 1986-06-03 | 1987-12-10 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Image forming method |
| DE3943017A1 (en) * | 1988-12-27 | 1990-07-05 | Canon Kk | ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURE PRODUCTION PROCESS USING A LIGHT-RECEIVING ELEMENT COMPRISING AN AMORPHIC SILICON WITH A LAYER THAT CARRIES A CARRYING IMAGE AND A LAYER THAT CARRIES ON A DEVELOPED PICTURE, AND A TEMPERATURE INSULATING TONER |
| DE3943094A1 (en) * | 1988-12-27 | 1990-07-05 | Canon Kk | Electrophotographic image prodn. process - using multilayer amorphous silicon system as light collecting element |
| DE3943017C2 (en) * | 1988-12-27 | 2000-05-31 | Canon Kk | An electrophotographic image forming method using an amorphous silicon-containing recording member having a charge image-bearing layer and a developed image layer and a finely divided insulating toner |
| JPH04506420A (en) * | 1989-06-28 | 1992-11-05 | アグファ ゲヴェルト ナームロゼ ベンノートチャップ | Dry electrostatic recording toner composition |
| JPH04280256A (en) * | 1991-03-08 | 1992-10-06 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Electrostatic developer and electrostatic development method |
| US5512708A (en) * | 1993-10-20 | 1996-04-30 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Toner used in an image forming apparatus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH083659B2 (en) | 1996-01-17 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |