JPS62253320A - Artificial culture medium of mushroom and its production - Google Patents
Artificial culture medium of mushroom and its productionInfo
- Publication number
- JPS62253320A JPS62253320A JP61099032A JP9903286A JPS62253320A JP S62253320 A JPS62253320 A JP S62253320A JP 61099032 A JP61099032 A JP 61099032A JP 9903286 A JP9903286 A JP 9903286A JP S62253320 A JPS62253320 A JP S62253320A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- culture medium
- inoculum
- paste
- mushrooms
- artificial
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 title claims description 72
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 24
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 240000000599 Lentinula edodes Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 240000001462 Pleurotus ostreatus Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000001603 Pleurotus ostreatus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000011218 seed culture Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 8
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 8
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000001715 Lentinula edodes Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 5
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010418 carrageenan Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000679 carrageenan Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001525 carrageenan Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229940113118 carrageenan Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940099112 cornstarch Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002148 Gellan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004368 Modified starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010492 gellan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000216 gellan gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009630 liquid culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008223 sterile water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
Abstract
(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた
め要約のデータは記録されません。(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は、シイタケ、ヒラタケ等の茸の栽培に用いられ
る人工培養基に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to an artificial culture medium used for cultivating mushrooms such as shiitake and oyster mushrooms.
シイタケ、ヒラタケ等の茸は、比較的栽培が容易である
ため、農家等で大規模栽培が行われるようになっている
。このような茸の人工栽培は、これまでは横木を用い、
これに種菌を接種し発茸させることが主流であったが、
最近では横木の枯渇に伴い、鋸屑等を主体とする培養基
を用い、これに種菌を接種し発茸させる方法に変わって
きている。これは、通常、つぎのような方法で行われる
、すなわち、まず鋸屑を主体とする培養基材料を用意し
、これを容器に詰め加熱等を施し滅菌したのち、得られ
た培養基に種菌を植菌して茸の人工培養基化する。そし
て、これを培養して菌糸を蔓延させ、ついで発茸させる
ことによりシイタケ。Mushrooms such as shiitake and oyster mushrooms are relatively easy to cultivate, so they are now being cultivated on a large scale by farmers. Until now, this kind of artificial cultivation of mushrooms has been carried out using crossbars.
The mainstream practice was to inoculate these with inoculum and allow them to sprout.
Recently, due to the depletion of crosswood, a method has been changed to using a culture medium mainly made of sawdust, etc., and inoculating the culture medium with seed bacteria to cause mushrooms to sprout. This is usually done in the following way: First, a culture medium material consisting mainly of sawdust is prepared, this is packed in a container and sterilized by heating, etc., and then the obtained culture medium is inoculated with seed bacteria. and create an artificial culture medium for mushrooms. Shiitake mushrooms are then produced by culturing these, spreading mycelia, and then causing them to sprout.
ヒラタケ等の茸を生産することが行われている。Mushrooms such as oyster mushrooms are produced.
上記人工栽培において、植菌の方法としては、（１）固
形種菌を用いる方法と、（２）液状種菌を用いる方法の
２種類がある。（１）の方法は、米ぬかや鋸屑等を主成
分とする固形培養基に種菌を接種して菌糸を蔓延させた
のち粉砕して粒状の種菌をつくり、これを植菌する方法
である。すなわち、上記のようにしてつくられた培養基
の中心部に筒状の穴を穿設し、この筒状の穴内に上記粒
状種菌を接種機等から所定量だけ落下し充填して人工培
養基化する方法である。（２）の方法は、じゃがいも培
養液等の液状培養基に種菌を接種して液状の種菌をつく
′す、この液状種菌を茸栽培用の培養基の上方から散布
して人工培養基化する方法である。In the above-mentioned artificial cultivation, there are two types of inoculation methods: (1) a method using a solid seed culture and (2) a method using a liquid seed culture. Method (1) is a method in which a seed fungus is inoculated into a solid culture medium mainly composed of rice bran, sawdust, etc., to spread mycelia, and then crushed to create a granular starter fungus, which is then inoculated. That is, a cylindrical hole is made in the center of the culture medium prepared as described above, and a predetermined amount of the above-mentioned granular inoculum is dropped from an inoculator into the cylindrical hole and filled to form an artificial culture medium. It's a method. Method (2) is to inoculate a liquid culture medium such as a potato culture medium with a liquid seed to form a liquid seed, and then spray this liquid seed from above the culture medium for mushroom cultivation to create an artificial culture medium. .
しかしながら、上記植菌の方法は、どちらの方法によっ
ても以下に述べるような難点を有しているため、大規模
人工栽培にはそぐわない。すなわち、（１ンの方法にあ
っては筒状の穴内に種菌を確実に充填することが難しく
、粒状種菌が培養基の上記穴内のみならずその表面にも
ばらついて落下してしまう。したがって、種菌の充填量
が少なくなったり、ばらついたりするため培養期間が長
（なり、また一定しないという難点を有する。一方、（
２）の方法にあっては、液状種菌の散布に際して局所的
に水分過多になることが多く、それによって菌糸の生長
が抑制されるだけでなく害菌繁殖の原因となるという難
点を有する。このため、（２）の方法は殆ど実施されて
いない。However, both of the above inoculation methods have the following disadvantages and are not suitable for large-scale artificial cultivation. In other words, in the method (1), it is difficult to reliably fill the cylindrical hole with the inoculum, and the granular inoculum scatters and falls not only within the hole of the culture medium but also on its surface. It has the disadvantage that the culture period is long and inconsistent because the filling amount of (
Method 2) has the disadvantage that excessive water content often occurs locally when dispersing the liquid seed fungus, which not only suppresses the growth of hyphae but also causes the proliferation of harmful bacteria. For this reason, method (2) is rarely implemented.
本発明は、このような事情に鑑みなされたもので、培養
期間の短縮化および一定化が可能で、しかも植菌を自動
的かつ高速に行うことができる茸の人工培養基およびそ
の製法の提供を目的とするものである。The present invention was made in view of the above circumstances, and it is an object of the present invention to provide an artificial culture medium for mushrooms that can shorten and stabilize the culture period, and that can perform inoculation automatically and at high speed, and a method for producing the same. This is the purpose.
上記の目的を達成するため、本発明は、鋸屑。 To achieve the above object, the present invention provides sawdust.
米ぬか等の培地からなる滅菌済の培養基に、ペースト状
の種菌が注入されている茸の人工培養基を第１の要旨と
し、ペースト状種菌を準備する工程と、鋸屑、米ぬか等
の培地を培養基化する工程と、上記培養基を滅菌する工
程と、上記ペースト状種菌を上記滅菌済培養基に注入す
る工程とを備える茸の人工培養基の製法を第２の要旨と
するものである。The first gist is an artificial culture medium for mushrooms in which a paste-like inoculum is injected into a sterilized culture medium made of a medium such as rice bran, and the process of preparing the paste-form inoculum and turning the medium of sawdust, rice bran, etc. into a culture medium. The second gist is a method for producing an artificial culture medium for mushrooms, which comprises the steps of: sterilizing the culture medium; and injecting the paste-like inoculum into the sterilized culture medium.
すなわち、本発明者らは、茸の人工培養基における培養
期間の短縮化、−足部ならびに培養基に対する植菌の自
動化、高速化を目的とし、種菌の形状ならびにその植菌
方法について研究を重ねた結果、種菌を、液状でも固形
状でもないペースト状にし、このペースト状種菌をノズ
ル等によって培養基に注入するようにすると、種菌の充
填が確実かつ円滑に行われるようになり、所期の目的を
達成しうるこぶを見いだし、本発明に到達した。That is, the present inventors have conducted repeated research on the shape of the inoculum and its inoculation method, with the aim of shortening the cultivation period in an artificial culture medium for mushrooms, and automating and speeding up the inoculation of the legs and culture medium. By making the inoculum into a paste that is neither liquid nor solid, and injecting this paste-like inoculum into the culture medium through a nozzle, filling of the inoculum can be done reliably and smoothly, achieving the desired purpose. The present invention was achieved by discovering a possible hump.
本発明の茸の人工培養基は、例えば、鋸屑、米ぬか等の
培地をポリプロピレン等のプラスチック製の袋もしくは
瓶等に充填し、これをオートクレーブ等の滅菌機に入れ
て滅菌したのち、無菌操作によりペースト状種菌を培養
基内部に注入することにより製造することができる。The artificial culture medium for mushrooms of the present invention can be prepared by filling a medium such as sawdust or rice bran into a bag or bottle made of plastic such as polypropylene, sterilizing it by placing it in a sterilizer such as an autoclave, and then paste it by aseptic operation. It can be produced by injecting a bacterial inoculum into a culture medium.
上記鋸屑、米ぬか等の培地は、特に制限するものではな
く、従来公知の培養基に用いられるものをそのまま使用
することができる。また、この培地を収容するプラスチ
ック製袋、瓶も特に制限するものではなく、従来から使
用されているものを適宜用いることができる。また、上
記培地からなる培養基に対して施す滅菌工程も特に制限
するものではない、オートクレーブ等の滅菌機を適宜に
使用することができる。その滅菌条件も何ら制限するも
のではなく、通常の条件下で行えばよい。The medium such as sawdust or rice bran is not particularly limited, and any conventionally known culture medium can be used as is. Furthermore, there are no particular restrictions on the plastic bags and bottles that house this culture medium, and conventionally used ones can be used as appropriate. Furthermore, the sterilization process performed on the culture medium made of the above medium is not particularly limited, and a sterilization machine such as an autoclave can be used as appropriate. The sterilization conditions are not limited in any way, and the sterilization may be carried out under normal conditions.
このような滅菌済の培養基に対して注入するペースト状
種菌は、例えば本発明者らが開発したっぎのような作製
方法により得ることができる。すなわち、従来と同様の
方法で得られる固形種菌あるいは液状種菌に、所定の増
粘剤調製液を添加混合することにより得ることができる
。上記増粘剤調製液は、蒸溜水に寒天、カラギーナン、
キサンタンガム、メチルセルロース、ジェランガム、加
工澱粉、アルギン酸ナトリウム、ペクチン等の増粘剤を
加熱溶解し滅菌したものである。このようにして得られ
るペースト状種菌は、従来の液状種菌に比べてかなり高
粘度になっている。A paste-like inoculum to be injected into such a sterilized culture medium can be obtained, for example, by a production method such as the one developed by the present inventors. That is, it can be obtained by adding and mixing a predetermined thickener preparation liquid to a solid seed culture or a liquid seed culture obtained by a conventional method. The above thickener preparation solution consists of distilled water, agar, carrageenan,
Thickeners such as xanthan gum, methylcellulose, gellan gum, modified starch, sodium alginate, and pectin are dissolved and sterilized by heating. The paste-like starter culture obtained in this way has a considerably higher viscosity than the conventional liquid starter culture.
上記のようなペースト状種菌の滅菌済の培養基に対する
注入は、例えばつぎのようにして行う。Injection of the paste-like inoculum into a sterilized culture medium as described above is carried out, for example, as follows.
すなわち、第１図に示すような細径ノズル１を準備し、
このノズル１を、プラスチック等の容器ｌａの開口１ｂ
を通して上記滅菌済の培養基２の上方から破線３で示す
ように奥まで挿入する。そして、上記挿入されたノズル
１の先端からペースト状種菌を連続的に吐出しながらノ
ズル１を上方に抜き出していくようにすると、培養基内
部にペースト状種菌が線状に注入されるようになる（図
中、斜線部）。この場合、ペースト状種菌の注入深さＤ
は、培養基２の深さをＬとすると、１／２Ｌ〜Ｌ程度で
あることが好適であり、また、ペースト状種菌を吐出す
るノズルｌの口径は、３〜２０■１で“あることが好適
である。上記一連の注入操作を、注入点を適当な間隔で
選んで繰り返し行うことにより、培養基内部にペースト
状種菌が複数本、線状に注入された人工培養基を得るこ
とができる。このような人工培養基を上から見下ろした
様子を第２図に示す。図において４はペースト状種凹で
ある。このような注入は、一本のノズルｌによる繰り返
し注入に限らず、第３図に示すような複数のノズル口５
を有するノズル１°を用いる一回注入としてもよい。ま
た、ペースト状種菌の吐出を連続的ではなく断続的に行
って種菌を点状に注入するようにしてもよい、なお、こ
のような注入操作は手動によってもよいが、操作が簡便
であることから、従来の接種機の先端に上記ノズル１や
ノズル１“等を取り付けて自動的に注入するようにする
ことが好適である。That is, a small diameter nozzle 1 as shown in FIG. 1 is prepared,
This nozzle 1 is connected to the opening 1b of a container la made of plastic or the like.
Insert it through the sterilized culture medium 2 from above as far as it will go as shown by the broken line 3. Then, by pulling out the nozzle 1 upward while continuously discharging the pasty seed from the tip of the inserted nozzle 1, the pasty seed will be linearly injected into the culture medium ( (Shaded area in the figure). In this case, the injection depth D of the paste starter
It is preferable that the depth of the culture medium 2 is about 1/2 L to L, and the diameter of the nozzle L for discharging the paste-like starter is 3 to 20 mm. This is suitable. By repeating the above series of injection operations by selecting injection points at appropriate intervals, it is possible to obtain an artificial culture medium in which a plurality of paste-like inoculum are linearly injected into the culture medium. Figure 2 shows an artificial culture medium like this looking down from above.In the figure, 4 is a paste-like seed well.Such injection is not limited to repeated injection using a single nozzle l; Multiple nozzle ports 5 as shown
A single injection using a 1° nozzle with . In addition, the paste-like starter may be discharged intermittently rather than continuously to inject the starter in a dotted manner.Although such an injection operation may be performed manually, it is preferable that the operation is simple. Therefore, it is preferable to attach the above-mentioned nozzle 1 or nozzle 1'' to the tip of a conventional inoculator to automatically inject the inoculator.
また、本発明に用いる種菌の種類は、シイタケの種菌、
ヒラタケの種菌等、人工培養用に準備される茸の種菌で
あればいずれを用いてもよい。In addition, the types of inoculum used in the present invention include shiitake inoculum,
Any mushroom inoculum prepared for artificial culture, such as oyster mushroom inoculum, may be used.
このようにして得られる人工培養基は、ペースト状種菌
４が滅菌済の培養基２の内部まで注入されているため、
菌糸を培養基２の全体に効率良く蔓延させることができ
、それによって培養期間を短縮しうるようになる。また
、培養基２の内部にペースト状種菌が均一かつ奥深く入
っているため、従来のような種菌の表面乾燥が少な（な
り、活着率が極めて向上するようになるのである。しか
も、ペースト状種菌の注入に無駄がないので、従来のよ
うに必要以上の量の種菌を植菌する必要がなく、種菌の
節約を実現できる。すなわち、ノズル１，１゛の口径を
細（し注入種菌量を節約しても充分な効果が得られ、こ
れにより接種菌量を従来の１／２以下に低減でき大幅な
コストダウンを実現することができる。In the artificial culture medium obtained in this way, the paste-like inoculum 4 is injected into the inside of the sterilized culture medium 2.
Mycelia can be efficiently spread throughout the culture medium 2, thereby shortening the culture period. In addition, because the paste-like inoculum is uniformly and deeply contained inside the culture medium 2, there is less surface drying of the inoculum (as in the case of conventional methods), and the survival rate is extremely improved. Since there is no waste in injection, there is no need to inoculate more than necessary amount of seed bacteria as in the conventional method, and it is possible to save seed bacteria.In other words, the diameter of the nozzle 1. A sufficient effect can be obtained even if the method is used, and the amount of inoculated bacteria can be reduced to less than half of the conventional amount, resulting in a significant cost reduction.
以上のように、本発明の茸の人工培養基は、滅菌済の培
養基に、ペースト状種菌を注入して構成されるため、所
定量の種菌を培養基の内部深部まで均一に入れることが
でき、茸の人工栽培基における培養期間の短縮および一
定化を実現できる。As described above, the artificial culture medium for mushrooms of the present invention is constructed by injecting a paste-like inoculum into a sterilized culture medium, so that a predetermined amount of inoculum can be uniformly placed deep inside the culture medium, and the mushrooms can be grown evenly. It is possible to shorten and stabilize the cultivation period in artificial cultivation substrates.
より具体的に言えば、従来から広く行われている穴開は
法に比べてシイタケで培養期間を約１／３に、ヒラタケ
で約１７２に短縮できるのである。More specifically, compared to the conventional hole-drilling method, the cultivation period for shiitake mushrooms can be reduced to about 1/3, and for oyster mushrooms to about 172 times.
また、このようにすることにより種菌の表面乾燥を著し
く低減でき、それによって活着率を大幅に向上しうると
いう効果も得られるようになる。また、種菌をペースト
にして注入するため、従来のように培養基にいちいち穴
をあける必要がなくノズルを直接培養基に挿入して種菌
でき、植菌の自動化を実現することができる。したがっ
て、従来から設備化、高速化が遅れていた茸の人工培養
作業の近代化６合理化を推進できるようになる。さらに
、種菌をペーストにして注入するため、種菌を無駄なく
、かつ培養基全体に均一に接種することができ、種菌接
種量を大幅に節約することが可能になる。In addition, by doing so, it is possible to significantly reduce surface drying of the inoculum, thereby achieving the effect that the survival rate can be significantly improved. In addition, since the inoculum is injected as a paste, there is no need to make holes in the culture medium as in the past, and the nozzle can be inserted directly into the culture medium to inoculate the inoculum, making it possible to automate inoculation. Therefore, it will be possible to modernize and rationalize the artificial cultivation of mushrooms, which has been slow to develop equipment and speed up. Furthermore, since the inoculum is injected as a paste, the inoculum can be inoculated uniformly over the entire culture medium without wasting it, making it possible to significantly save the amount of inoculum inoculated.
つぎに、実施例について比較例と併せて説明する。Next, examples will be described together with comparative examples.
〈固形シイタケ種菌の作製〉
鋸屑（１０メツシユパス以下のもの）と米ぬかを５：１
の割合で混合し、加水して培地含水率を７０％に調整し
た。つぎに、この培地をポリプロピレン製広口瓶（容積
８００ｍｌ、口径６０＋＋ｎ。<Preparation of solid shiitake seed fungus> Sawdust (less than 10 mesh) and rice bran in a ratio of 5:1
The medium was mixed at a ratio of 70% and water was added to adjust the moisture content of the medium to 70%. Next, this medium was poured into a polypropylene wide-mouth bottle (volume 800 ml, diameter 60++n).
高さ１６０ｍ）に４５０ｇずつ充填し、キャップ装着後
、オートクレーブに入れて、１２１’Ｃで９０分間加熱
蒸気滅菌し、滅菌済の培養基化した。Each tube was filled with 450 g each at a height of 160 m, and after attaching a cap, it was placed in an autoclave and sterilized with heat steam at 121'C for 90 minutes to form a sterilized culture medium.
そして、上記滅菌済培地に穴開けし、予め鋸屑培地で培
養したシイタケ菌を従来法にしたがって無菌接種したの
ち、２５℃で培養した。Then, a hole was made in the sterilized medium, and Shiitake fungi, which had been previously cultured in a sawdust medium, were aseptically inoculated according to a conventional method, and then cultured at 25°C.
〈ペースト状種菌の調製〉
蒸溜水に寒天を添加し、８０℃、１０分間加熱溶解させ
ることにより、１重量％（以下「％」と略す）の寒天水
溶液を作製したのち、１２１℃。<Preparation of Paste Inoculum> Agar was added to distilled water and dissolved by heating at 80°C for 10 minutes to prepare a 1% by weight (hereinafter abbreviated as "%") agar aqueous solution, and then heated to 121°C.
２０分間加熱蒸気滅菌し、撹拌均一化した。一方、菌糸
蔓延を終了した上記種菌培養瓶から国境を削り出し、下
記の第１表に示す割合で、上記寒天水溶液と混合するこ
とにより２種類のペースト状種菌ａ、ｂを調製した。The mixture was sterilized with heat and steam for 20 minutes, and stirred for uniformity. On the other hand, the border was scraped out from the seed culture bottle in which the mycelium had finished spreading, and two types of paste-like seeds a and b were prepared by mixing with the agar aqueous solution at the ratio shown in Table 1 below.
第 １ 表
〔実施例１〕
まず、鋸屑と米ぬかを５：ｌの割合で混合し、加水して
培地含水率が７０％になるように調製した。そして、こ
れをポリプロピレン製袋に１ ｋｇ充填し、直径１１０
＋ｎ、高さ１２０ｍｍの円筒形に成形したのち、上端を
折り曲げて１２１℃、９０分で加熱蒸気滅菌した。この
滅菌済培地を開口し、直径５鶴のノズルを用い、上記ペ
ースト状種菌ａ（第１表参照）を培地中に直径５鶴Ｘ
１００ ｍｍの線状になるよう注入した。注入は、第２
図に示すように９個所に行った。注入後、予め滅菌した
蓋部を上記培地開口部に取りつけ、２５℃の雰囲気中に
入れて培養した。Table 1 [Example 1] First, sawdust and rice bran were mixed at a ratio of 5:1, and water was added to adjust the water content of the medium to 70%. Then, 1 kg of this was filled into a polypropylene bag with a diameter of 110 mm.
+n, after forming into a cylindrical shape with a height of 120 mm, the upper end was bent and sterilized with heat steam at 121° C. for 90 minutes. Open this sterilized medium, use a nozzle with a diameter of 5 mm, and add the paste-like starter a (see Table 1) into the medium.
It was injected into a 100 mm line. Injection is the second
We visited nine locations as shown in the figure. After injection, a previously sterilized lid was attached to the opening of the medium, and cultured in an atmosphere at 25°C.
〔実施例２〕
ペースト状種菌としてｂ（第１表参照）を用い、その注
入を４箇所に行った。それ以外は、実施例１と同様にし
てシイタケの培養を行った。[Example 2] B (see Table 1) was used as a paste seed and injected into four locations. Other than that, Shiitake mushrooms were cultured in the same manner as in Example 1.
〔比較例１〕
培地に対して棒体を用いて筒状の穴を開け、前記〈固形
シイタケ種菌の作製〉の項で述べたようにして得られた
種菌であって粒状のもの湿重Ｎ８ｇを上記筒状の穴内に
挿入して植菌した。それ以外は、実施例１と同様にして
シイタケの培養を行った。[Comparative Example 1] A cylindrical hole was made in the culture medium using a rod, and a granular seed fungus obtained as described in the above section <Preparation of solid shiitake seed fungus> had a wet weight of N8 g. was inserted into the cylindrical hole and inoculated. Other than that, Shiitake mushrooms were cultured in the same manner as in Example 1.
上記の実施例および比較例における接種菌量および菌糸
蔓延完了までに要した平均の日数、ならびにポリプロピ
レン製袋を除去したのち、ｌＯカ月間栽培して子実体を
形成させたときの収量を調べた。その結果は第２表のと
おりである。The amount of inoculum and the average number of days required to complete the mycelial spread in the above Examples and Comparative Examples, as well as the yield after removing the polypropylene bag and cultivating for 10 months to form fruiting bodies were investigated. . The results are shown in Table 2.
なお、第２表において、各項目における検体は３０個で
ある。In addition, in Table 2, the number of specimens in each item is 30.
（以下余白）
】−−じＬ−１聚
第２表の結果から実施例１，２は比較例１に比べて菌糸
の平均蔓延日数が著しく短縮されており、また子実体量
に対する子実体の関係から良形かつ均一量の子実体が得
られることがわかる。(Leaving space below) From the results in Table 2, Examples 1 and 2 show that the average number of days for mycelia to spread is significantly shorter than in Comparative Example 1, and the ratio of fruiting bodies to fruiting body weight is It can be seen from the relationship that fruit bodies of good shape and uniform amount can be obtained.
〈固形ヒラタケ種菌の作製〉
鋸屑と米ぬかを４：１の割合で混合し、加水して培地水
分を７０％に調整した。それ以外は、上記固形シイタケ
種菌の作製と同様にした。<Preparation of solid Oyster mushroom inoculum> Sawdust and rice bran were mixed at a ratio of 4:1, and water was added to adjust the moisture content of the medium to 70%. Other than that, the procedure was the same as in the production of the solid shiitake mushroom seed fungus described above.
くペースト状種菌の調製〉
蒸溜水にカラギーナンを添加し、８０℃、１０分間加熱
溶解させることにより、２％のカラギーナン水溶液を作
製したのち、１２１℃、２０分間加熱蒸気滅菌し、撹拌
均一化した。一方、菌糸蔓延を終了した上記種菌培養瓶
から画境４ｇ（湿重量）を削り出し、上記カラギーナン
水溶液１２ｍ１と混合することによりペースト状種菌Ｃ
を調製した。Preparation of Pasty Inoculum> A 2% carrageenan aqueous solution was prepared by adding carrageenan to distilled water and dissolving it by heating at 80°C for 10 minutes, then sterilized with steam at 121°C for 20 minutes and homogenized by stirring. . On the other hand, 4 g (wet weight) of the border was scraped out from the seed culture bottle after the mycelium had spread, and mixed with 12 ml of the carrageenan aqueous solution to form a paste seed culture.
was prepared.
〔実施例３〕
ペースト状種菌として上記Ｃを用いた。それ以外は実施
例１と同様にしてヒラタケの培養を行った。[Example 3] The above C was used as a paste starter. Other than that, Oyster mushrooms were cultured in the same manner as in Example 1.
〔比較例２〕
比較例１におけるシイタケ菌に代えてヒラタケ菌を用い
た。それ以外は比較例１と同様にして人工培養基をつく
り、２５℃で培養した。[Comparative Example 2] In place of the Shiitake fungus in Comparative Example 1, Oyster mushroom fungus was used. Other than that, an artificial culture medium was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, and cultured at 25°C.
以上の実施例および比較例における接種菌量および菌糸
蔓延完了までに要した日数、ならびに菌量上部の菌かき
を施したのち、８〜１０℃１人工光線下、湿度９５％以
上の条件下で栽培して発生させた子実体の収量を調べ、
下記の第３表に示した。なお、第３表において、検体は
それぞれ３０個である。The amount of inoculated bacteria and the number of days required to complete the mycelial spread in the above Examples and Comparative Examples, as well as the number of days required to complete the spread of mycelium, were measured at 8-10℃, under 1 artificial light, and at a humidity of 95% or more. Examining the yield of fruiting bodies produced through cultivation,
It is shown in Table 3 below. In addition, in Table 3, the number of specimens is 30 each.
（余 白 ）
第一一」Ｌ−１表
第３表から明らかなように、実施例３は比較例２に比べ
て菌糸の蔓延日数が著しく短縮されており、しかも−培
養基当たりの子実体量も多く、良好な結果が得られるこ
とがわかる。(Margin) As is clear from Table 3 of "Daiichi" L-1, in Example 3, the number of days for mycelial spread was significantly shortened compared to Comparative Example 2, and in addition, the amount of fruiting bodies per culture medium was It can be seen that good results can be obtained.
く液状シイタケ種菌の作製〉
蒸溜水１（ｌに対してコーンスターチ５００ｇ、グルコ
ース１００ｇ、コーン・ステイープ・リカー（Ｃ，Ｓ、
Ｌ、’）１３０ｇを添加混合した液体培地を１２１℃で
６０分間加圧蒸気滅菌した。Preparation of liquid shiitake inoculum> 1 liter of distilled water (500 g of cornstarch, 100 g of glucose, 100 g of cornstarch, 100 g of corn steep liquor (C, S,
A liquid medium to which 130 g of L,') was added and mixed was sterilized by autoclaving at 121° C. for 60 minutes.
一方、予め準備した鋸屑シイタケ種菌５０ｇにＩＱ Ｑ
ｍ ｊ！の無菌水を加えホモシナイスし、上記液体培
地に添加した。これを２５℃下、１週間撹拌培養して液
状シイタケ種菌を作製した。On the other hand, IQ
mj! The mixture was homogenized with sterile water and added to the above liquid medium. This was cultured with stirring at 25° C. for one week to prepare a liquid shiitake seed fungus.
くペースト状種菌の調製〉
蒸溜水に加工澱粉を添加し、８０℃、１０分間加熱溶解
させることにより、１０％の澱粉水溶液を作製したのち
、１２１℃、２０分間加熱蒸気滅菌し、撹拌均一化した
。この澱粉水溶液９ｍｌを上記液状種菌９ｍｌに添加混
合してペースト状種菌ｄを調製した。Preparation of paste-like inoculum> Add processed starch to distilled water, heat and dissolve at 80°C for 10 minutes to prepare a 10% starch aqueous solution, then heat and steam sterilize at 121°C for 20 minutes, and stir to homogenize. did. 9 ml of this starch aqueous solution was added to and mixed with 9 ml of the liquid seed culture to prepare a paste seed culture d.
〔実施例４〕
ペースト状種菌ｄの培地への注入を、第４図に示す植菌
装置を用いて自動的に行った。すなわち、この植菌装置
７は、上記液状シイタケ種菌の培養タンク８と、この培
養タンク８からポンプ９を介して供給される液状種菌に
増粘剤調製液（この場合、澱粉水溶液）を添加して撹拌
混合するペースト状種菌調製タンク１０と、このペース
ト状種菌調製タンク１０からポンプ１１と電磁弁１２と
を介して供給されるペースト状種菌を培地２に注入する
ためのノズル１３とを備えたものである。[Example 4] Paste-like inoculum d was automatically injected into the culture medium using the inoculation device shown in FIG. That is, this inoculation device 7 adds a thickener preparation liquid (in this case, a starch aqueous solution) to the culture tank 8 of the liquid shiitake mushroom seed and the liquid seed that is supplied from the culture tank 8 via a pump 9. A paste-like starter preparation tank 10 for stirring and mixing by stirring, and a nozzle 13 for injecting the paste-like starter supplied from the paste-like starter preparation tank 10 via a pump 11 and a solenoid valve 12 into a culture medium 2. It is something.
上記ノズル１３は、シリンダ等の駆動手段（図示せず）
によって上下方向に往復運動を行なうものであって、そ
のノズル口を培地内の所定深さまで挿入しうるようにな
っている。したがって、この装置７のノズル１３の下方
に滅菌済培養基２を開口して配置し上記ノズル１３を下
降させることによりノズル口を培地内に挿入することが
でき、ノズル口からペースト状種菌を吐出しながらノズ
ル１３を上昇させるようにすると、ペースト状種菌の線
状注入が自動的に行われるのである。このような植菌装
置７を用いた以外は、実施例１と同様にしてシイタケの
培養を行った。The nozzle 13 has a driving means (not shown) such as a cylinder.
The nozzle opening can be inserted into the culture medium to a predetermined depth. Therefore, by placing the sterilized culture medium 2 with an opening below the nozzle 13 of this device 7 and lowering the nozzle 13, the nozzle port can be inserted into the medium, and the paste-like inoculum is discharged from the nozzle port. However, by raising the nozzle 13, linear injection of the paste-like starter is automatically performed. Shiitake mushrooms were cultured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that such an inoculation device 7 was used.
この実施例における接種菌量および菌糸蔓延完了までに
要した日数、ならびにポリプロピレン製袋を除去したの
ち、１０力月栽培して発生させた子実体の収量を調べ、
下記の第４表に示した。In this example, the amount of inoculated bacteria and the number of days required to complete the spread of mycelium, and the yield of fruiting bodies that were cultivated for 10 months after removing the polypropylene bag, were investigated.
It is shown in Table 4 below.
なお、第４表において、検体は３０個である。In addition, in Table 4, there are 30 specimens.
第１図および第２図は本発明の人工培養基の製法を説明
するための説明図、第３図は本発明の人工培養基の製造
に用いるノズルの変形例を示す正面図、第４図は本発明
の人工培養基の製造に用いる植菌装置を説明するための
説明図である。
１・・・ノズル ２・・・培養基 ４・・・ペースト状
種菌第２図FIGS. 1 and 2 are explanatory views for explaining the method of manufacturing the artificial culture medium of the present invention, FIG. 3 is a front view showing a modification of the nozzle used for manufacturing the artificial culture medium of the present invention, and FIG. It is an explanatory view for explaining a germ inoculation device used for manufacturing an artificial culture medium of the invention. 1... Nozzle 2... Culture medium 4... Paste seed culture Figure 2
Claims (7)
、ペースト状の種菌が注入されていることを特徴とする
茸の人工培養基。(1) An artificial culture medium for mushrooms, characterized in that a paste-like inoculum is injected into a sterilized culture medium made of sawdust, rice bran, etc.
許請求の範囲第１項に記載の茸の人工培養基。(2) The artificial culture medium for mushrooms according to claim 1, wherein the inoculum is a inoculum of Shiitake mushroom or Oyster mushroom.
て線状に複数本注入されている特許請求の範囲第１項ま
たは第２項記載の茸の人工培養基。(3) The artificial culture medium for mushrooms according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a plurality of paste-like inoculum are injected linearly from the surface of the culture medium toward the inside.
等の培地を培養基化する工程と、上記培養基を滅菌する
工程と、上記ペースト状種菌を上記滅菌済培養基に注入
する工程とを備えることを特徴とする茸の人工培養基の
製法。(4) comprising the steps of preparing a paste starter, converting a medium such as sawdust or rice bran into a culture medium, sterilizing the culture medium, and injecting the paste starter into the sterilized culture medium. A method for producing an artificial culture medium for mushrooms characterized by:
許請求の範囲第４項に記載の茸の人工培養基の製法。(5) The method for producing an artificial culture medium for mushrooms according to claim 4, wherein the inoculum is a inoculum of Shiitake mushroom or Oyster mushroom.
連続的に供給されて行われる特許請求の範囲第４項また
は第５項記載の茸の人工培養基の製法。(6) The method for producing an artificial culture medium for mushrooms according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the paste-like inoculum is injected continuously from a small-diameter tubular nozzle.
断続的に供給されて行われる特許請求の範囲第４項また
は第５項記載の茸の人工培養基の製法。(7) The method for producing an artificial culture medium for mushrooms according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the paste-like inoculum is injected intermittently from a small-diameter tubular nozzle.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61099032A JPS62253320A (en) | 1986-04-25 | 1986-04-25 | Artificial culture medium of mushroom and its production |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61099032A JPS62253320A (en) | 1986-04-25 | 1986-04-25 | Artificial culture medium of mushroom and its production |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS62253320A true JPS62253320A (en) | 1987-11-05 |
Family
ID=14236012
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61099032A Pending JPS62253320A (en) | 1986-04-25 | 1986-04-25 | Artificial culture medium of mushroom and its production |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS62253320A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003009657A (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2003-01-14 | Nippon Seiki Co Ltd | Apparatus for liquid spawn inoculation |
| JP2006280371A (en) * | 2005-03-10 | 2006-10-19 | Tokushima Ken | Mushroom spawn, method for seeding the mushroom spawn, and method for producing mushroom |
| JP2010200749A (en) * | 2009-02-06 | 2010-09-16 | Takara Bio Inc | Method for producing liquid mushroom spawn |
-
1986
- 1986-04-25 JP JP61099032A patent/JPS62253320A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003009657A (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2003-01-14 | Nippon Seiki Co Ltd | Apparatus for liquid spawn inoculation |
| JP2006280371A (en) * | 2005-03-10 | 2006-10-19 | Tokushima Ken | Mushroom spawn, method for seeding the mushroom spawn, and method for producing mushroom |
| JP2010200749A (en) * | 2009-02-06 | 2010-09-16 | Takara Bio Inc | Method for producing liquid mushroom spawn |
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