JPS62230929A - Method for discharging molten metal - Google Patents
Method for discharging molten metalInfo
- Publication number
- JPS62230929A JPS62230929A JP7499186A JP7499186A JPS62230929A JP S62230929 A JPS62230929 A JP S62230929A JP 7499186 A JP7499186 A JP 7499186A JP 7499186 A JP7499186 A JP 7499186A JP S62230929 A JPS62230929 A JP S62230929A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- slag
- converter
- molten steel
- molten metal
- gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 56
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 56
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 20
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001392 phosphorus oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002436 steel type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
［産業上の利用分野〕
この発明は、例えば、転炉又はＡＯＤ炉等の精錬容器か
ら溶湯を出湯する溶湯の出湯方法に関し、特に、スラグ
の流出を防止した溶湯の出湯方法に関する。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a molten metal tapping method for tapping molten metal from a refining vessel such as a converter or an AOD furnace. Regarding the hot spring method.
［従来の技術］
転炉製鋼においては、転炉内で溶鋼の精錬が終了した後
に、転炉を傾動させて出鋼口から溶鋼を出鋼する。この
場合に、転炉内の溶鋼表面にはスラグが浮遊しているの
で、溶鋼の出鋼に際しスラグも溶鋼と共に排出されてし
まう。このスラグは燐及び鉄酸化物を多量に含有してい
るため、このスラグが溶鋼と共に取鍋内に流出すると、
燐によって製品に材質欠陥が生じ、また、アルミニウム
等の脱酸剤の添加量が増加して製品のコストが上昇して
しまう。更に、このような脱酸剤を添加することにより
、アルミニウム等の介在物の増加による製品の品質欠陥
が増加してしまう。[Prior Art] In converter steelmaking, after the refining of molten steel in the converter is completed, the converter is tilted to tap the molten steel from the tapping port. In this case, since slag is floating on the surface of the molten steel in the converter, the slag is also discharged together with the molten steel when the molten steel is tapped. This slag contains a large amount of phosphorus and iron oxides, so if this slag flows into the ladle with the molten steel,
Phosphorus causes material defects in the product, and the amount of deoxidizing agent such as aluminum increases, increasing the cost of the product. Furthermore, the addition of such a deoxidizing agent increases product quality defects due to an increase in inclusions such as aluminum.
このため、スラグが取鋼内の溶鋼中に入ることを防止す
るために、種々の方法が提案されており、このような方
法としては、スラグが転炉内から流出することを防止す
る方法と、取鋼内に排出されたスラグを除去する方法と
がある。前者の方法としては、出鋼口からのスラグの流
出を目視で又は光学的若しくは電気的に検出し、スラグ
が流出した時点で直ちに転炉を復帰させて直立させる技
術、又は、スラグと溶鋼との中間の比重を有するスラグ
ボールを溶鋼とスラグとの間に位置させておき、溶鋼が
排出された時点でスラグボールにより出鋼口を閉塞させ
る技術が採用されている。更に、近時電磁ポンプを使用
して出鋼口から溶鋼のみを流出させる技術も提案されて
いる（￥ｆ公昭６Ｏ−４４３７０）。一方、後者の方法
としては、取鋼内の溶鋼に浮遊しているスラグを真空ポ
ンプで吸引除去するＶ Ｓ Ｃ（Ｖ ａｃｕｕｍ ３
ｌａｇ Ｃ１ｅａｎｅｒ）と称される装置を使用す
る技術が提案されている。Therefore, various methods have been proposed to prevent slag from entering the molten steel in the steel drawer.These methods include methods to prevent slag from flowing out of the converter, There is a method of removing the slag discharged into the steel plate. The former method involves detecting visually, optically, or electrically the flow of slag from the tapping port, and immediately returning the converter to the upright position when the slag flows out, or detecting the flow of slag and molten steel. A technique has been adopted in which a slag ball having a specific gravity between 2 and 3 is placed between the molten steel and the slag, and the tap hole is closed by the slag ball when the molten steel is discharged. Furthermore, a technique has recently been proposed in which only molten steel flows out from a tapping port using an electromagnetic pump (¥f Kosho 6O-44370). On the other hand, the latter method uses a vacuum pump to suck and remove slag floating in the molten steel in the steel draw.
A technique using a device called a lag Cleaner has been proposed.
［発明が解決しようとする問題点］
しかしながら、スラグの流出を検知してから転炉を復帰
させる方法の場合は、スラグの流出を検知した時点では
既に相当量のスラグが流出してしまっており、スラグの
流出を有効に防止することができないという問題点があ
る。また、スラグボールを使用する技術の場合は確実性
に乏しく、転炉内に溶鋼を残留させてしまう場合がある
。更に、電磁ポンプを使用する場合にもやはり若干のス
ラグ流出があり、また、設備費が高いという問題点・が
ある。更にまた、■ＳＣを使用する場合には、スラグを
吸引する際に温度が低下するので、転炉内の溶ｒＡ温度
を高くする必要があるため転炉耐火物の寿命が短くなり
、また、脱燐が困難になって脱燐剤の量を増加せざるを
得ないので、製造コストが上昇してしまうという問題点
がある。[Problems to be solved by the invention] However, in the case of the method of returning the converter after detecting the outflow of slag, a considerable amount of slag has already flowed out by the time the outflow of slag is detected. However, there is a problem in that the outflow of slag cannot be effectively prevented. Furthermore, in the case of the technique using slag balls, reliability is poor and molten steel may remain in the converter. Furthermore, even when an electromagnetic pump is used, there is still some slag outflow, and there are also problems in that the equipment cost is high. Furthermore, when using SC, the temperature decreases when suctioning slag, so it is necessary to increase the molten rA temperature in the converter, which shortens the life of the converter refractories. Since dephosphorization becomes difficult and the amount of dephosphorizing agent must be increased, there is a problem in that the manufacturing cost increases.
この発明は斯かる事情に鑑みてなされたものであって、
転炉内に溶鋼が残留せずに、また、設備費及び製造コス
トを上昇させずに、スラグの流出を有効に抑制すること
ができる溶湯の出湯方法を提供することを目的とする。This invention was made in view of such circumstances, and
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for tapping molten metal that can effectively suppress the outflow of slag without leaving molten steel in a converter and without increasing equipment costs and manufacturing costs.
［問題点を解決するための手段］
この発明に係る溶湯の出湯方法は、溶湯を貯留する精錬
容器を傾動させて溶湯出湯口から溶湯を出湯する溶湯の
出湯方法であって、出湯口の周囲部分から容器内の溶湯
にガスを吹込んで、出湯口直上域からスラグを排除する
ことを特徴とする。[Means for Solving the Problems] The molten metal tapping method according to the present invention is a molten metal tapping method in which the molten metal is tapped from the molten metal tap by tilting the refining container that stores the molten metal, and the molten metal is tapped from the molten metal tap. It is characterized by blowing gas into the molten metal in the container from a section to remove slag from the area directly above the tap.
［作用］
この発明においては、精錬容器を傾動させて溶湯を出湯
させる際に、出湯口の周囲部分に設けられた吹込み部か
ら溶湯にガスを吹込むことにより、出湯口直上域のスラ
グがこのガスによりその周囲に排除される。そうすると
、溶湯流に巻込まれるスラグ量が減少し、スラグの流出
が抑制される。[Function] In this invention, when the refining container is tilted to tap the molten metal, gas is blown into the molten metal from the blowing part provided around the tap, thereby removing the slag in the area directly above the tap. This gas is displaced into its surroundings. This reduces the amount of slag that gets caught up in the molten metal flow, and suppresses the outflow of slag.
［実施例１
以下、添付図面を参照して、この発明に係る実施例につ
いて具体的に説明する。[Embodiment 1] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
溶鋼の出鋼に際しては、溶鋼流が出鋼口に達したところ
で渦流となり、転炉内に十分に溶鋼が存在する状態にお
いても溶鋼流の中にスラグを巻込んでしまう、このこと
は、従来知゛られておらず、従来は、このようなスラグ
の巻込みのためにスラグの流出を有効に抑制することは
できなかった。When tapping molten steel, the molten steel flow becomes a vortex when it reaches the tapping port, and even when there is sufficient molten steel in the converter, slag is dragged into the molten steel flow. This is unknown, and in the past, it has not been possible to effectively suppress the outflow of slag due to such entrainment of slag.
このため、この発明に係る実施例においては、出鋼口周
囲から溶鋼内に、例えば、アルゴンガス（Ａｒガス）の
ような溶鋼に対して不活性なガスを吹込んで、出鋼口の
直上域に多数の気泡を発生させることにより溶鋼表面に
浮遊しているスラグを出鋼口直上域からその周囲に排除
しておいて溶鋼を出鋼させることによりスラグの巻込み
を防止する。For this reason, in the embodiment of the present invention, a gas inert to the molten steel, such as argon gas (Ar gas), is blown into the molten steel from around the tap hole, and the area directly above the tap hole is By generating a large number of air bubbles, the slag floating on the surface of the molten steel is removed from the area directly above the tapping port and around it, and the molten steel is tapped, thereby preventing slag from being caught in the molten steel.
第１図はこの実施例に使用する転炉を示す断面図、第２
図はこの実施例の実施状態を示す模式図である。転炉本
体１１は耐火物１２で内張すされ外側は鉄皮１３で覆わ
れており、この中に溶鋼１６が貯留されて転炉吹錬され
るようになっている。この場合に、溶鋼１６の表面には
スラグ１７が浮遊している。この転炉本体１１の側壁に
は出鋼口１４が設けられており、転炉吹錬が終了した場
合に、転炉本体１１を傾動させることによりこの出鋼口
１４から溶鋼１６が流出するようになっている。前記出
鋼口１４の周囲には、炉外から炉内に達するバイブ１５
が設けられており、転炉本体を傾動させて溶鋼を出鋼す
る際に、ガス供給手段（図示せず）からこのバイブ１５
を介して溶鋼１６中にＡｒガス１８が供給されるように
なっている。そして、このＡｒガス１８により出鋼口直
上域のスラグ１７をその周囲に排除するようになってい
る。Figure 1 is a sectional view showing the converter used in this example, Figure 2 is a sectional view showing the converter used in this example.
The figure is a schematic diagram showing the implementation state of this embodiment. The converter main body 11 is lined with a refractory 12 and covered on the outside with an iron skin 13, in which molten steel 16 is stored and blown into the converter. In this case, slag 17 is floating on the surface of molten steel 16. A tapping port 14 is provided on the side wall of the converter body 11, and when converter blowing is completed, molten steel 16 flows out from the tapping port 14 by tilting the converter body 11. It has become. Around the tapping port 14, there is a vibrator 15 that reaches into the furnace from outside the furnace.
is provided, and when the converter main body is tilted to tap molten steel, this vibrator 15 is supplied from a gas supply means (not shown).
Ar gas 18 is supplied into the molten steel 16 through the molten steel 16. The Ar gas 18 is designed to remove the slag 17 in the area directly above the tapping port to the surrounding area.
次に、この実施例の動作について説明する。先ず、転炉
吹錬が終了した時点で転炉本体１１を傾動させて出鋼口
１４から溶ｔＪＡ１６を排出させる。Next, the operation of this embodiment will be explained. First, when the converter blowing is completed, the converter main body 11 is tilted to discharge the molten tJA 16 from the tapping port 14.
この際に、ガス供給手段からバイブ１５を介して溶鋼１
６中にＡｒガス１８を吹込む。そうすると、第２図に示
すように、溶鋼中に多数の気泡が発生し、このバブリン
グガスが溶鋼１６間を上昇して出鋼口１４の直上域に浮
上することにより、出鋼口１４の直上域に存在するスラ
グ１７がその周辺に排除される。このため、出鋼口１４
から流出する溶鋼流はスラグ１７を巻込む虞が極めて少
なくなる。従って、転炉からのスラグの流出を抑制する
ことができる。At this time, the molten steel 1 is supplied from the gas supply means via the vibrator 15.
Ar gas 18 is blown into the tank 6. Then, as shown in FIG. 2, a large number of bubbles are generated in the molten steel, and this bubbling gas rises between the molten steel 16 and floats to the area directly above the tap hole 14. The slag 17 existing in the area is removed to the surrounding area. For this reason, the tapping port 14
The possibility of the slag 17 being dragged into the molten steel flow flowing out is extremely reduced. Therefore, the outflow of slag from the converter can be suppressed.
このように、この実施例においては、ガスバブリングに
よりスラグ１７をを出鋼口直上域から排除して転炉から
のスラグの流出を抑制するので設備費及び製造コストを
上昇させることなく、また、転炉内に多量の溶鋼を残留
させることなくスラグの流出を有効に抑制することがで
きる。As described above, in this embodiment, the slag 17 is removed from the area directly above the tapping port by gas bubbling, and the outflow of slag from the converter is suppressed, so that equipment costs and manufacturing costs are not increased, and Slag outflow can be effectively suppressed without leaving a large amount of molten steel in the converter.
次に、この実施例によって溶鋼を出鋼する場合の具体例
について説明する。２５０トン転炉を使用して転炉吹錬
した後、この転炉を傾動させて出鋼口から溶鋼を流出さ
せた。この溶鋼の流出と共に、出鋼口周囲に設けられた
パイプから１００ｎ／分の流量でＡｒガスを吹込んだ。Next, a specific example of tapping molten steel according to this embodiment will be described. After converter blowing was performed using a 250-ton converter, the converter was tilted to allow molten steel to flow out from the tapping port. As this molten steel flowed out, Ar gas was blown at a flow rate of 100 n/min from a pipe provided around the tapping port.
次に、この具体例の効果について説明する。第３図は横
軸に取鋼内のスラグ厚みをとり縦軸に頻度をとって、各
溶鋼における取鍋内のスラグ厚みを示すグラフ図である
。これによれば、この具体例の場合には、溶鋼排出終了
後における取鋼内のスラグ厚みが各溶鋼の平均値で２１
ｍｍであった。Next, the effects of this specific example will be explained. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the slag thickness in the ladle for each molten steel, with the horizontal axis representing the slag thickness and the vertical axis representing the frequency. According to this, in the case of this specific example, the average value of the slag thickness in the steel strip after the completion of discharging the molten steel is 21
It was mm.
一方、何も対策を施さずに溶鋼を流出させた場合を比較
例としたが、この比較例の場合には第４図に示すように
出鋼末期に急激にスラグ流出ｌが増加し、溶鋼排出終了
後の取鍋内のスラグ厚みが８０ｍｒｒ＋にも達した。ま
た、スラグの流出が少ない時点で出鋼を停止した場合に
は、多量のスラグが転炉内に残留し、溶鋼の歩留が低下
した。このように、この具体例によれば出鋼に際し、ス
ラグの流出を抑制する効果が著しい。On the other hand, a comparative example was taken where molten steel was allowed to flow out without taking any measures, but in this comparative example, as shown in Figure 4, the amount of slag flowing out rapidly increased at the end of tapping, and the molten steel The thickness of the slag in the ladle after completion of discharge reached 80 mrr+. Furthermore, when tapping was stopped at a point when the outflow of slag was small, a large amount of slag remained in the converter, resulting in a decrease in the yield of molten steel. As described above, this specific example has a remarkable effect of suppressing the outflow of slag during tapping.
なお、この実施例においては、転炉から出鋼する場合に
ついて示したが、これに限らず、例えば、ＡＯＤ炉又は
ＲＨ炉等等地精錬容器に使用することもできる。また、
バブリングガスの吹込部としてパイプを使用したが、こ
れに限らず、例えば、出湯口周囲の耐火物に孔又はスリ
ットを形成してそこからガスを吹込むようにすることも
できる。In addition, in this embodiment, the case where steel is tapped from a converter is shown, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention can also be used in, for example, an AOD furnace, a RH furnace, or other similar geometallurgical refining vessels. Also,
Although a pipe is used as the bubbling gas blowing part, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, a hole or a slit may be formed in the refractory material around the outlet and the gas may be blown therethrough.
更に、この実施例においては溶鋼の場合について示した
が、これに限らず他の金属にも適用することができる。Furthermore, although this embodiment has been shown for the case of molten steel, the present invention is not limited to this and can be applied to other metals as well.
更にまた、バブリングガスとしてＡｒガスを使用したが
、これに限らず、例えば、窒素ピックアップを問題にし
ない鋼種であれば窒素ガスを使用することができる。Furthermore, although Ar gas was used as the bubbling gas, the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, nitrogen gas may be used as long as the steel type does not pose a problem with nitrogen pickup.
また、この発明は他のスラグ流出防止方法１例えば、光
学的または電気的にスラグの流出を検知する方法等と組
合わせることにより一層の効果を得ることができる。Further, the present invention can be combined with other slag outflow prevention methods 1, such as a method of optically or electrically detecting slag outflow, to obtain further effects.
［発明の効果］
この発明によれば、出湯口周囲の溶鋼内にガスを吹込む
ことにより出湯口直上域のスラグをその周囲に排除する
ので、転炉から排出される溶湯流に巻込まれるスラグ量
が減少する。このため、転炉内に多量の溶鋼を残留させ
ずに、また、設備費及び製造コストを上昇させずにスラ
グの流出を有効に抑制することができる。[Effects of the Invention] According to the present invention, the slag in the area immediately above the tap is removed to the surrounding area by blowing gas into the molten steel around the tap, so that the slag that is caught in the molten metal flow discharged from the converter is removed. quantity decreases. Therefore, the outflow of slag can be effectively suppressed without leaving a large amount of molten steel in the converter and without increasing equipment costs and manufacturing costs.
第１図はこの発明の実施例に使用する転炉の断面図、第
２図はこの発明の実施例に係る溶湯の出湯方法の実施状
態を示す模式図、第３図はこの発明の実施例の効果を示
すグラフ図、第４図は比較例におけるスラグ流出ｌを示
すグラフ図である。
１１：転炉本体、１２；耐大物、１３；鉄皮、１４；出
鋼口、１５；パイプ、１６；溶鋼、１７；スラグ、１８
：アルゴンガス。
出願人代理人 弁理士 鈴江武彦
第１図
第２図
千４尚内スラグ厚？ｆ（ｍｍ）
第３図
出＠育間（々）
第４図Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a converter used in an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the implementation state of the method for tapping molten metal according to an embodiment of the invention, and Fig. 3 is an embodiment of the invention. FIG. 4 is a graph showing the slag outflow l in a comparative example. 11: Converter main body, 12; Large material, 13; Steel shell, 14; Steel tap, 15; Pipe, 16; Molten steel, 17; Slag, 18
:Argon gas. Applicant's Representative Patent Attorney Takehiko Suzue Figure 1 Figure 2 1,400 Slag Thickness? f (mm) Fig. 3 Output @ Ikuma (etc.) Fig. 4
Claims (1)
湯を出湯する溶湯の出湯方法において、出湯口の周囲部
分から容器内の溶湯にガスを吹込んで、出湯口直上域か
らスラグを排除することを特徴とする溶湯の出湯方法。In a molten metal tapping method that involves tilting a refining container that stores molten metal and tapping the molten metal from a molten metal tap, gas is blown into the molten metal in the container from the area around the tap to remove slag from the area directly above the tap. A method for tapping molten metal characterized by:
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7499186A JPS62230929A (en) | 1986-04-01 | 1986-04-01 | Method for discharging molten metal |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7499186A JPS62230929A (en) | 1986-04-01 | 1986-04-01 | Method for discharging molten metal |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS62230929A true JPS62230929A (en) | 1987-10-09 |
Family
ID=13563254
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7499186A Pending JPS62230929A (en) | 1986-04-01 | 1986-04-01 | Method for discharging molten metal |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS62230929A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63317615A (en) * | 1987-06-19 | 1988-12-26 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Method for preventing slag mixing flow at discharging time of molten metal |
| JPS641400U (en) * | 1987-06-19 | 1989-01-06 |
-
1986
- 1986-04-01 JP JP7499186A patent/JPS62230929A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63317615A (en) * | 1987-06-19 | 1988-12-26 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Method for preventing slag mixing flow at discharging time of molten metal |
| JPS641400U (en) * | 1987-06-19 | 1989-01-06 | ||
| JPH0457726B2 (en) * | 1987-06-19 | 1992-09-14 | Sumitomo Metal Ind |
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