JPS621672B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS621672B2 JPS621672B2 JP56097025A JP9702581A JPS621672B2 JP S621672 B2 JPS621672 B2 JP S621672B2 JP 56097025 A JP56097025 A JP 56097025A JP 9702581 A JP9702581 A JP 9702581A JP S621672 B2 JPS621672 B2 JP S621672B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- ground
- gelation
- soda
- bicarbonate
- present
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 241001131796 Botaurus stellaris Species 0.000 claims description 6
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 5
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical group [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- PALNZFJYSCMLBK-UHFFFAOYSA-K magnesium;potassium;trichloride;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[K+] PALNZFJYSCMLBK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical group [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- -1 magnesium salts Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013583 drug formulation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;hydron;carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC(O)=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は自立性に劣る軟弱乃至脆弱な地盤に注
入又は塗布して該地盤を補強し改良する地盤改良
用薬剤に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a ground improvement agent that is injected or applied to soft or fragile ground that is poor in self-supporting properties to reinforce and improve the ground.
自立性に劣る粘性、砂質又は脆性岩質等の地盤
にトンネルや堅型坑を掘削する場合、作業の安全
や近接構築物への配慮等から、予め前記地盤に薬
剤を注入又は塗布して補強することが行われてい
る。この種の薬剤は、前記のような地盤に注入又
は塗布することによりこれらに浸透乃至混濁して
一体化しつつゲル化乃至固化して補強する機能を
有するものであり、その用途及びかかる機能等と
の関係で、(a)ゲル化乃至固化するまでの時間が短
かく且つそれが制御されるもの、(b)ゲル化乃至固
化の程度が強いもの、(c)ゲル化乃至固化後の状態
が安定で且つその持続時間が長いもの、(d)入手が
容易で且つ経済的であり、水溶解乃至分散性に富
んで作業性のよいもの、(e)少くも公害発生源とな
らないもの、であることが要求される。 When excavating tunnels or hard shafts in viscous, sandy, or brittle rock that is less self-sustaining, it is recommended to inject or apply chemicals to the ground in advance to strengthen it, for reasons such as work safety and consideration for nearby structures. things are being done. This type of drug has the function of reinforcing the ground by infiltrating or turbidly integrating it, gelling or solidifying it by injecting or applying it to the ground as described above, and its uses and functions are as follows. In relation to this, (a) the time required for gelation or solidification is short and controlled, (b) the degree of gelation or solidification is strong, and (c) the state after gelation or solidification is It must be stable and have a long duration; (d) It must be easily available and economical; it has good water solubility or dispersibility and is easy to work with; and (e) It must not be a source of pollution. something is required.
従来、この種の薬剤として、水ガラスに硫酸を
配合したものや、水ガラスに重炭酸ソーダを配合
したもの等がある。これらの従来品はいずれも、
珪酸ソーダ水溶液からなる水ガラスのアルカリを
中和してヒドロゲル化させるものであるが、ゲル
化させるための使用条件が厳しく、したがつて作
業が面倒でその制御も困難を伴い、またゲル化さ
せるまでの時間が少くも２〜３分必要で、したが
つてその長い流動保持時間により例えば地盤中に
注入された薬剤が目的としない箇所へ多量に流出
することがしばしば起こり、また前者の従来品は
公害発生源となるおそれが強いという欠点もあ
る。そこで、前記従来品の欠点を改善するべく、
水ガラスに重炭酸ソーダ及び他の補助剤、例えば
マグネシウム塩、を配合したものも出現している
が、この薬剤にはなお、ゲル化の程度が前記用途
との関係で満足される程に充分でなく、また例え
ばマグネシウム塩のような補助剤を用いるため必
ずしも経済的とはいえず、そして特に、ゲル化後
の安定性に劣り、その持続時間が短かいという欠
点がある。 Conventionally, as this type of drug, there are those in which sulfuric acid is blended with water glass, and those in which bicarbonate of soda is blended in water glass. All of these conventional products are
This method neutralizes the alkali in water glass made from an aqueous solution of sodium silicate to form a hydrogel, but the conditions for use in gelling are severe, making the work laborious and difficult to control. It takes at least 2 to 3 minutes to reach the desired temperature, and therefore, due to the long flow retention time, for example, a large amount of the chemical injected into the ground often flows out to an unintended location, and the former conventional product Another drawback is that there is a strong possibility that it will become a source of pollution. Therefore, in order to improve the drawbacks of the conventional products,
Formulations of water glass with bicarbonate of soda and other adjuvants, such as magnesium salts, have also appeared, but this agent still does not have a sufficient degree of gelation to be satisfactory in relation to the above-mentioned applications. Furthermore, since an adjuvant such as a magnesium salt is used, it is not necessarily economical, and in particular, there are disadvantages in that the stability after gelation is poor and its duration is short.
本発明は、これら従来の欠点を解消し、前記要
求に応える新たな地盤改良用薬剤を提供するもの
で、その目的は海水から食塩を製造するときに分
離される苦汁から工業的水準でカリウムや臭素並
びにカルシウム等を塩又は単体の形で回収した後
の残査物として得られるカーナリツト（又はカー
ナライト、以下カーナリツトという）を有効利用
することにより、容易に制御され得る良好な作業
条件下、極めて経済的に、地盤を迅速且つ強固に
補強し、しかもゲル化乃至固化によるかかる補強
の状態を長時間又はほぼ半永久的に安定して持続
する点にある。 The present invention aims to solve these conventional drawbacks and provide a new soil improvement agent that meets the above requirements. By making effective use of carnallite (or carnallite, hereinafter referred to as carnallite), which is obtained as a residue after recovering bromine, calcium, etc. in the form of salts or simple substances, under favorable working conditions that can be easily controlled, extremely Economically, it can quickly and firmly reinforce the ground, and the reinforced state through gelation or solidification can be maintained stably for a long time or almost permanently.
以下図面に基づいて本発明の構成を詳細に説明
する。 The configuration of the present invention will be explained in detail below based on the drawings.
第１図は、海水から食塩を製造するときに分離
される苦汁の既によく知られている工業的処理系
統を示す概略の工程図である。海水中には特にナ
トリウムを代表とする極めて多種類の金属類が含
まれているが、苦汁はこれら金属類の中からナト
リウムを食塩として製造するときに分離されるも
ので、乾物状態においてナトリウム以外の金属類
が相対的に高濃度化されている溶液である。この
苦汁から、図面に示すように、カリウム、臭素、
カルシウム及びマグネシウム等を塩又は単体の形
で回収すると、その後に残査物としてカーナリツ
トが得られる。このカーナリツトは、KCl・
MgCl2・6H2Oの化学式で表示され、塩化カリウ
ム分子と塩化マグネシウム分子と６個の水分子と
が渾然一体に結合した分子化合物又は高次化合物
であるが、該組成からして現段階では有力な用途
がない。本発明者らは、有力な用途がない前記組
成のカーナリツトに注目して、このカーナリツト
を地盤改良用薬剤の要素として用いる場合、極め
て有効な機能を発揮することを見出し、本発明を
完成するに至つたのである。すなわち、前記カー
ナリツトは水ガラスを迅速、強固且つ安定な三次
元網状構造にゲル化乃至固化させるときに核とな
り、水溶解性が高く、極めて安価なのである。 FIG. 1 is a schematic process diagram showing a well-known industrial treatment system for bittern separated during the production of salt from seawater. Seawater contains an extremely wide variety of metals, particularly sodium, but bittern is separated from these metals when sodium is produced as table salt, and in its dry state, it contains only sodium. This is a solution with relatively high concentrations of metals. From this bittern, potassium, bromine,
When calcium, magnesium, etc. are recovered in the form of salts or simple substances, carnalites are obtained as a residue. This carnalite is KCl.
It is represented by the chemical formula MgCl 2 .6H 2 O, and is a molecular compound or higher-order compound in which potassium chloride molecules, magnesium chloride molecules, and six water molecules are harmoniously combined, but based on its composition, it is currently There is no significant use. The present inventors focused on carnalites having the above composition, which have no useful uses, and discovered that when used as an element of a soil improvement agent, this carnalite exhibits an extremely effective function, and in completing the present invention. It was reached. That is, the carnalites serve as a nucleus when water glass is rapidly gelled or solidified into a strong and stable three-dimensional network structure, have high water solubility, and are extremely inexpensive.
第２図は本発明に係る地盤改良用薬剤の三つの
実施例の液温に対するゲル化所要時間を表示した
グラフである。図中No.１〜No.３の実施例はいずれ
もJIS規格第３号の珪酸ソーダ140Kgを含む水溶液
200に、重炭酸ソーダと前記のような残査物と
して得られるカーナリツト（鳴門塩業社製）とを
含む水溶液200を混合し、この際の液温（℃）
に対するゲル化所要時間（秒）を示すもので、重
炭酸ソーダ15Kgにカーナリツトを、No.１が６Kg、
No.２が５Kg、No.３が４Kg、各々使用している。図
面で明らかなように、液温に対するゲル化所要時
間、またカーナリツト使用量に対するゲル化所要
時間は、各々比例関係にあり、液温が５℃上昇す
るとゲル化所要時間は略２秒短縮され、またカー
ナリツト使用量が１Kg（全400の換算濃度で
0.25％）増加するとゲル化所要時間が略６秒短縮
されている。同様のことは、説明を省略する他の
実施例からも得られるが、この第２図で示すよう
に、本発明に係る地盤改良用薬剤は、ゲル化所要
時間が極めて短かく、要すれば瞬時にでも可能で
あり、しかもこのゲル化所要時間は前記関係を利
用して液温（実際には目的箇所の地盤等環境温
度）に対するカーナリツトの使用量によつて簡易
に制御し得るものである。したがつて、粘性、砂
質、さらに温度等、地盤性状との関係において適
宜、本発明に係る地盤改良用薬剤を最も効果的に
用いることができ、少くもゲル化所要時間が長い
従来品のように薬剤が目的としない箇所へ多量に
流出することはなく、またカーナリツトの前記由
来及び組成からして硫酸を配合した従来品のよう
に公害源となるおそれもない。 FIG. 2 is a graph showing the gelation time required for three examples of the soil improvement agent according to the present invention with respect to liquid temperature. Examples No. 1 to No. 3 in the figure are all aqueous solutions containing 140 kg of sodium silicate according to JIS standard No. 3.
200 is mixed with an aqueous solution 200 containing sodium bicarbonate and carnalite (manufactured by Naruto Salt Industry Co., Ltd.) obtained as a residue as described above, and the liquid temperature (°C) at this time is
It shows the gelation time (seconds) required for the gelation of 15 kg of bicarbonate of soda, No. 1 is 6 kg,
No. 2 uses 5 kg and No. 3 uses 4 kg. As is clear from the drawing, the time required for gelation with respect to the liquid temperature and the time required for gelation with respect to the amount of carnalites used are proportional to each other, and when the liquid temperature rises by 5°C, the time required for gelation is shortened by approximately 2 seconds. In addition, the amount of carnalites used is 1Kg (at a total concentration of 400)
0.25%), the time required for gelation is shortened by approximately 6 seconds. The same thing can be obtained from other examples whose explanations are omitted, but as shown in FIG. 2, the soil improvement agent according to the present invention has an extremely short gelation time, This is possible even instantaneously, and the time required for gelation can be easily controlled by the amount of carnalite used relative to the liquid temperature (actually, the environmental temperature of the ground, etc. at the target location) using the above relationship. . Therefore, depending on the relationship with the soil properties such as viscosity, sand quality, and temperature, the soil improvement agent according to the present invention can be used most effectively, or at least better than conventional products that require a long gelation time. As such, a large amount of the drug will not flow out to an unintended location, and because of the origin and composition of Carnalite, there is no risk of it becoming a source of pollution unlike conventional products containing sulfuric acid.
第３図は本発明に係る地盤改良用薬剤の他の三
つの実施例を15℃で標準砂（山口県豊浦産）に均
一湿潤してゲル化させたものの養生日数（日）に
対する一軸圧縮強度（Kg／cm2）を表示したグラフ
である。図中No.４〜No.６の実施例はいずれも、前
記第２図の場合と同じ素材を用い且つ同じ液量
（全400）としたもので、珪酸ソーダ140Kgに対
し、重炭酸ソーダ10Kgにカーナリツトを、No.４が
２Kg、No.５が2.5Kg、No.６が３Kg、各々配合し、
これを相対的に同一使用液量で標準砂が均一に湿
潤するように注入している。図面で明らかなよう
に、いずれの実施例の場合もゲル化後の当初にお
いて急激に一軸圧縮強度が上昇し、この上昇傾向
は略10日後まで引き続き、これ以降はほぼ安定し
ているが、いずれの養生日数段階においてもカー
ナリツトの使用量が多い程一軸圧縮強度が高い。
同様のことは、説明を省略する他の実施例からも
得られ、例えば前記実施例No.１〜No.３のようにカ
ーナリツトの使用量が多いと、さらに急激な上昇
カーブとなり、安定状態においても高い一軸圧縮
強度、例えば実施例No.１及びNo.２の場合には5.0
Kg／cm2以上、を示すようになる。この第３図に示
すように、本発明に係る地盤改良用薬剤は地盤を
強固且つ安定に補強することができるのである。 Figure 3 shows the unconfined compressive strength as a function of the number of curing days (days) of three other examples of the soil improvement agent according to the present invention, which were uniformly moistened and gelatinized in standard sand (produced in Toyoura, Yamaguchi Prefecture) at 15°C. It is a graph displaying (Kg/cm 2 ). In the examples No. 4 to No. 6 in the figure, the same materials and the same amount of liquid (total 400) as in the case of Fig. , No.4 is 2Kg, No.5 is 2.5Kg, No.6 is 3Kg, and
The standard sand is injected with relatively the same amount of liquid so that the standard sand is evenly wetted. As is clear from the drawings, in all of the examples, the unconfined compressive strength increased rapidly at the beginning after gelation, and this increasing trend continued until about 10 days later, after which it remained almost stable. Even at the stage of curing days, the greater the amount of carnalite used, the higher the unconfined compressive strength.
The same thing can be obtained from other examples whose explanations are omitted. For example, when the amount of carnalites used is large as in the above-mentioned examples No. 1 to No. also has a high unconfined compressive strength, for example 5.0 in the case of Examples No. 1 and No. 2.
Kg/cm 2 or more. As shown in FIG. 3, the ground improvement agent according to the present invention can strengthen the ground firmly and stably.
地盤の補強は、トンネルや堅型坑等の掘削作業
の前段階としてなされるが、かかる掘削作業が短
かい日数でされ得ない場合も多い。したがつて、
地盤の補強は、それが強固である一方、安定して
いることが重要且つ不可避である。第４図は、ゲ
ル化したものの安定性を示す指標の他の例とし
て、静置日数（日）に対する離しよう水の割合
（％）を表示したグラフである。ゲル化したもの
を静置すると離しよう水が上層に分離してくる
が、この離しよう水の全体に対する割合は、ゲル
化したものの耐水性等、安定性指標の一つといえ
る。図面で明らかなように、本発明に係る前記実
施例No.３のゲル化したものは、９日後でも離しよ
う水の割合は30％以下で、かかる傾向から、単に
前記カーナリツトを硫酸マグネシウムに代えただ
けで他は全く同一条件とした従来品Ａに比べ、略
３倍以上の安定性がある。 Ground reinforcement is performed as a preliminary step to excavation work for tunnels, vertical shafts, etc., but in many cases such excavation work cannot be completed in a short period of time. Therefore,
It is important and necessary for ground reinforcement to be strong and stable. FIG. 4 is a graph showing the ratio (%) of release water to the number of days (days) for standing as another example of the stability of the gelled product. When a gelled product is allowed to stand still, separation water separates into the upper layer, and the ratio of this separation water to the total can be said to be one of the stability indicators, such as the water resistance of the gelled product. As is clear from the drawings, in the gelled product of Example No. 3 according to the present invention, the ratio of separating water was less than 30% even after 9 days, and based on this tendency, the carnalites were simply replaced with magnesium sulfate. However, the stability is approximately three times higher than that of conventional product A under the same conditions.
本発明に係る地盤改良用薬剤のこれらの際立つ
た特性、すなわちゲル化の迅速性、ゲル化したも
のの強固性及びその安定性は結局、薬剤に用いら
れる前記カーナリツトが、水ガラスを迅速、強固
且つ安定な三次元網状構造にゲル化させる核にな
るためと推察される。 These outstanding properties of the soil improvement agent according to the present invention, namely the rapidity of gelation, the firmness of the gelled product, and its stability, mean that the carnalites used in the agent can quickly, firmly and It is presumed that this is because it serves as a nucleus for gelling into a stable three-dimensional network structure.
ところで、掘削作業の形態乃至種類等条件によ
つては、薬剤を用いて仮設程度のゲル化をさせる
だけでは不都合な場合もある。例えば、掘削作業
現場に近接する脆性岩質又は崩壊性岩質の傾斜面
を極めて強固に且つほぼ半永久的に補強したい場
合である。このような場合、薬剤を傾斜面地盤に
注入又は塗布して仮設程度のゲル化をさせるだけ
では不充分で、これをさらに前進させた固化の状
態にまでする必要がある。 However, depending on conditions such as the type and type of excavation work, it may be inconvenient to simply create a temporary gelatinization using a chemical. For example, there is a case where it is desired to extremely strongly and almost permanently reinforce a slope of brittle or collapsible rock close to an excavation work site. In such cases, it is not sufficient to simply inject or apply the chemical onto the sloped ground to create a temporary gelatinization, and it is necessary to further advance the gelation to a solidified state.
第５図は本発明に係る地盤改良用薬剤のさらに
他の三つの実施例の液温に対する固化所要時間を
表示したグラフである。図中No.７〜No.９の実施例
はいずれもJIS規格第３号の珪酸ソーダ140Kgを含
む水溶液200に前記カーナリツトとセメント
（本実施例では一般のポルトランドセメント）と
重炭酸ソーダとをこの順で、No.７が６Kgと80Kgと
16Kg、No.８が５Kgと80Kgと16Kg、No.９が５Kgと
160Kgと０Kg、各々含む懸濁液200を混合し、こ
の際の液温（℃）に対する固化所要時間（秒）を
示している。図面に示すNo.７とNo.８の実施例の場
合の液温に対する固化所要時間、またカーナリツ
ト使用量に対する固化所要時間の関係は、重炭酸
ソーダを用いた説明を省略する他の実施例につい
ても同様に得られ、これは前記第２図の場合と同
じである。但し、重炭酸ソーダを用いないNo.９の
ような実施例の場合には、液温が低下すると、急
激に固化所要時間が長くなる傾向にある。いずれ
にしても、セメントを含む本発明に係る地盤改良
用薬剤は固化所要時間が極めて短かく、要すれば
数秒でも可能であり、しかもこの固化所要時間
は、第２図の場合と同様、簡易に制御され得る。 FIG. 5 is a graph showing the solidification time required for three other examples of the soil improvement agent according to the present invention with respect to liquid temperature. In the examples No. 7 to No. 9 in the figure, the carnalite, cement (general Portland cement in this example), and bicarbonate of soda were added to 200 kg of an aqueous solution containing 140 kg of sodium silicate according to JIS standard No. 3 in this order. , No.7 is 6Kg and 80Kg
16Kg, No.8 is 5Kg, 80Kg and 16Kg, No.9 is 5Kg
200 suspensions each containing 160Kg and 0Kg were mixed, and the time required for solidification (seconds) relative to the liquid temperature (°C) is shown. The relationship between the solidification time and the liquid temperature and the amount of carnalite used in Examples No. 7 and No. 8 shown in the drawings is the same for other examples in which the explanation using bicarbonate of soda is omitted. This is the same as in the case of FIG. 2 above. However, in the case of Example No. 9 that does not use bicarbonate of soda, when the liquid temperature decreases, the time required for solidification tends to increase rapidly. In any case, the cement-containing soil improvement agent according to the present invention takes an extremely short time to solidify, and can even take a few seconds if necessary. can be controlled.
第６図は、前記実施例No.７〜No.９それ自体を固
化したものの養生日数（日）に対する一軸圧縮強
度（Kg／cm2）を表示したグラフである。No.７とNo.
８の実施例の場合、固化後の当初において比較的
急に一軸圧縮強度が上昇し、略20日経過後以降に
おいて安定状態となり、この状態でNo.８の実施例
の場合でも30Kg／cm2以上の一軸圧縮強度が得られ
ている。これに対し、重炭酸ソーダを用いないNo.
９の実施例のような場合、図面に示す範囲内で
は、養生日数に応じて一軸圧縮強度がほぼ比例的
に上昇し、図面に表示しない40日経過後において
70Kg／cm2以上となる。重炭酸ソーダの有無により
一軸圧縮強度の挙動が異なるのであるが、これは
セメントを含む本発明に係る地盤改良用薬剤を使
用する地盤の性状等によつて選択される。すなわ
ち、重炭酸ソーダを用いる場合は薬剤配合液の流
動性が得られ、したがつて例えば注入の際の抵抗
が強い狭い間隙へ薬剤を注入するに適し、重炭酸
ソーダを用いない場合はこの逆で、例えば粘性地
盤中へ注入し、これを一層強固に固化することに
適している。いずれにしても、セメントを含む場
合には、固化したものが前記第３図の場合に比較
して水準の異なる極めて高い一軸圧縮強度を有
し、しかも安定で離しよう水の発生も殆どなく、
ほぼ半永久的な補強をなし得るのである。 FIG. 6 is a graph showing the unconfined compressive strength (Kg/cm 2 ) of the solidified samples of Examples No. 7 to No. 9 as a function of the number of curing days (days). No. 7 and No.
In the case of Example No. 8, the unconfined compressive strength increases relatively suddenly at the beginning after solidification, and becomes stable after about 20 days, and in this state, even in the case of Example No. 8, it is 30 Kg/cm 2 or more. An unconfined compressive strength of On the other hand, No. which does not use bicarbonate of soda.
In the case of Example 9, the unconfined compressive strength increases almost proportionally with the number of curing days within the range shown in the drawing, and after 40 days, which is not shown in the drawing,
70Kg/cm2 or more . The behavior of the unconfined compressive strength differs depending on the presence or absence of sodium bicarbonate, and this is selected depending on the properties of the ground where the soil improvement agent of the present invention containing cement is used. That is, when using bicarbonate of soda, fluidity of the drug formulation is obtained, which makes it suitable, for example, for injecting the drug into a narrow gap where resistance during injection is strong. Suitable for injecting into the ground to further solidify it. In any case, when cement is included, the solidified product has an extremely high unconfined compressive strength that is on a different level than the case shown in FIG.
This allows almost semi-permanent reinforcement.
そして、以上説明した第２図〜第６図に関する
内容は、重炭酸ソーダとともに、又はこれに代え
て炭酸ソーダを用いる場合にもほぼ同様であり、
ゲル化乃至固化の所要時間がわずかに長く、ゲル
化乃至固化したものが一軸圧縮強度においてわず
かに劣る点で異なるだけである。 The contents regarding FIGS. 2 to 6 explained above are almost the same when using soda carbonate together with or in place of bicarbonate of soda.
The only difference is that the time required for gelation or solidification is slightly longer, and that the gelled or solidified product is slightly inferior in unconfined compressive strength.
尚、本発明に係る地盤改良用薬剤の具体的使用
方法は、前記従来品の場合と同様、既によく知ら
れている一般的方法でよく、特に制限する理由は
ない。一般的には、一方で珪酸ソーダの水溶液を
用意し、他方で前記カーナリツト等その他の素材
を混合した水溶液乃至懸濁液を用意し、使用直前
にこの二つの液を混合しつつ目的とする地盤に注
入又は塗布するのである。 Incidentally, the specific method of using the soil improvement agent according to the present invention may be a well-known general method, as in the case of the conventional product, and there is no reason to limit it in particular. Generally, an aqueous solution of sodium silicate is prepared on the one hand, and an aqueous solution or suspension containing other materials such as the above-mentioned carnalites is prepared on the other hand, and these two solutions are mixed immediately before use to prepare the desired ground. It is injected or applied.
以上説明した通りであるから、本発明には、海
水から食塩を製造するときに分離される苦汁から
工業的水準でカリウムや臭素並びにカルシウム等
を塩又は単体の形で回収した後の残査物として得
られるカーナリツトを有効利用することにより、
容易に制御され得る良好な作業条件下、極めて経
済的に、地盤を迅速且つ強固に補強し、しかもゲ
ル化乃至固化によるかかる補強の状態を長時間又
はほぼ半永久的に安定して持続することができる
効果がある。 As explained above, the present invention includes residues after potassium, bromine, calcium, etc. are recovered in the form of salt or simple substances at an industrial level from bittern separated when producing common salt from seawater. By effectively utilizing the carnalities obtained as
Under good working conditions that can be easily controlled, it is possible to quickly and strongly reinforce the ground very economically, and to maintain this reinforced state stably for a long time or almost semi-permanently through gelation or solidification. There is an effect that can be done.
第１図は本発明に用いられる残査物として得ら
れるカーナリツトの発生系統を例示する概略の工
程図、第２図は本発明の三つの実施例を液温に対
するゲル化所要時間を示すグラフ、第３図は本発
明の他の三つの実施例を標準砂とともにゲル化し
たものの養生日数に対する一軸圧縮強度を示すグ
ラフ、第４図は本発明の一実施例をゲル化したも
のの従来品と比較した静置日数に対する離しよう
割合を示すグラフ、第５図は本発明のさらに他の
三つの実施例の液温に対する固化所要時間を示す
グラフ、第６図は第５図の場合と同じ三つの実施
例を固化したものの養生日数に対する一軸圧縮強
度を示すグラフである。
FIG. 1 is a schematic process diagram illustrating the generation system of carnalites obtained as a residue used in the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a graph showing the gelation time required for three examples of the present invention with respect to liquid temperature. Figure 3 is a graph showing the unconfined compressive strength against the number of curing days for three other examples of the present invention gelled together with standard sand, and Figure 4 is a comparison of one example of the present invention gelled with a conventional product. FIG. 5 is a graph showing the solidification time required for liquid temperature in three other embodiments of the present invention, and FIG. It is a graph showing the unconfined compressive strength with respect to the number of curing days of a solidified example.
Claims (1)
盤に注入又は塗布してゲル化乃至固化させること
により地盤を改良する薬剤であつて、該薬剤が、
水ガラスと、苦汁から工業的水準でカリウムや臭
素並びにカルシウム等を塩又は単体の形で回収し
た後の残査物として得られるカーナリツトと、及
び炭酸ソーダ又は重炭酸ソーダとを含むものから
なる地盤改良用薬剤。 ２ 自立性に劣る粘性、砂質又は脆性岩質等の地
盤に注入又は塗布してゲル化乃至固化させること
により地盤を改良する薬剤であつて、該薬剤が、
水ガラスと、苦汁から工業的水準でカリウムや臭
素並びにカルシウム等を塩又は単体の形で回収し
た後の残査物として得られるカーナリツトと、及
びセメントとを含み、更に要すればこれらに加え
て炭酸ソーダ又は重炭酸ソーダとを含むものから
なる地盤改良用薬剤。[Scope of Claims] 1. A drug that improves the ground by injecting or coating it into the ground, such as viscous, sandy or brittle rock that is poor in self-supporting properties, and causing it to gel or solidify, the drug comprising:
For ground improvement, it consists of water glass, carnalite obtained as a residue after recovering potassium, bromine, calcium, etc. in salt or simple form from bittern at an industrial level, and soda carbonate or bicarbonate soda. drug. 2. An agent that improves the ground by injecting or applying it to the ground, such as viscous, sandy, or brittle rock that has poor self-supporting properties, and causing it to gel or solidify;
Contains water glass, carnalite obtained as a residue after recovering potassium, bromine, calcium, etc. in salt or simple form from bittern at an industrial level, and cement, and if necessary, in addition to these. A ground improvement agent containing soda carbonate or bicarbonate of soda.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9702581A JPS57212287A (en) | 1981-06-23 | 1981-06-23 | Soil stabilizer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9702581A JPS57212287A (en) | 1981-06-23 | 1981-06-23 | Soil stabilizer |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS57212287A JPS57212287A (en) | 1982-12-27 |
| JPS621672B2 true JPS621672B2 (en) | 1987-01-14 |
Family
ID=14180880
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9702581A Granted JPS57212287A (en) | 1981-06-23 | 1981-06-23 | Soil stabilizer |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS57212287A (en) |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS51145119A (en) * | 1975-06-09 | 1976-12-13 | Sanyo Chemical Ind Ltd | Method of treating soil with chemical liquid |
| JPS52118906A (en) * | 1976-03-31 | 1977-10-05 | Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd | Method of stabilizing soil |
| JPS53136308A (en) * | 1977-05-04 | 1978-11-28 | Nippon Chemical Ind | Method of injecting water glass and cement |
| JPS5451216A (en) * | 1977-09-30 | 1979-04-21 | Kyokado Eng Co | Ground stabilizing treating method |
| JPS55133481A (en) * | 1979-04-04 | 1980-10-17 | Nippon Chem Ind Co Ltd:The | Soil stabilizer |
| JPS5618685A (en) * | 1979-07-25 | 1981-02-21 | Iwami Kaihatsu Kk | Improved technique for strengthening ground |
| JPS57174381A (en) * | 1981-04-22 | 1982-10-27 | Mitsui Toatsu Chem Inc | Stabilization of ground |
-
1981
- 1981-06-23 JP JP9702581A patent/JPS57212287A/en active Granted
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS51145119A (en) * | 1975-06-09 | 1976-12-13 | Sanyo Chemical Ind Ltd | Method of treating soil with chemical liquid |
| JPS52118906A (en) * | 1976-03-31 | 1977-10-05 | Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd | Method of stabilizing soil |
| JPS53136308A (en) * | 1977-05-04 | 1978-11-28 | Nippon Chemical Ind | Method of injecting water glass and cement |
| JPS5451216A (en) * | 1977-09-30 | 1979-04-21 | Kyokado Eng Co | Ground stabilizing treating method |
| JPS55133481A (en) * | 1979-04-04 | 1980-10-17 | Nippon Chem Ind Co Ltd:The | Soil stabilizer |
| JPS5618685A (en) * | 1979-07-25 | 1981-02-21 | Iwami Kaihatsu Kk | Improved technique for strengthening ground |
| JPS57174381A (en) * | 1981-04-22 | 1982-10-27 | Mitsui Toatsu Chem Inc | Stabilization of ground |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS57212287A (en) | 1982-12-27 |
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