JPS6156753A - Horizontal and continuous casting device - Google Patents
Horizontal and continuous casting deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPS6156753A JPS6156753A JP17728484A JP17728484A JPS6156753A JP S6156753 A JPS6156753 A JP S6156753A JP 17728484 A JP17728484 A JP 17728484A JP 17728484 A JP17728484 A JP 17728484A JP S6156753 A JPS6156753 A JP S6156753A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- mold
- tundish
- nozzle
- outside
- break ring
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/006—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of tubes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
（産業上の利用分野）
この発明は中空管を連続鋳造するための水平連続鋳造装
置に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Industrial Field of Application) The present invention relates to a horizontal continuous casting apparatus for continuous casting of hollow tubes.
（従来の技術）
従来の一般的な水平連続鋳造装置は、中実鋳片の鋳造を
対象とするもので、タンディツシュノズルには１つの筒
状モールドしか配設されておらず、従ってこの装置を用
いて中空管を鋳造しようとしても、タンディツシュから
の溶鋼が外側からのみ冷却されて、最終的には中実鋳片
となってしまうおそれがあった。(Prior Art) Conventional general horizontal continuous casting equipment is intended for casting solid slabs, and only one cylindrical mold is disposed in the tundish nozzle. Even if an attempt was made to cast a hollow tube using a tundish, the molten steel from the tundish would be cooled only from the outside, and there was a risk that it would eventually become a solid slab.
そこで、最近、本出願人は第７図に示すように、中空管
Ａの内周面冷却用の冷却機構を有する内側モールド７を
、ノズル３反対側のタンディツシュ１壁面を貫通してノ
ズル３内より外側モールド４の軸芯部へ突き出して配装
し、タンディッシュ１内の溶鋼を内外モールド４．７間
より引き抜く際、両−モールド４．７により冷却しなが
ら凝固シェルを形成させて中空管を連続的に鋳造する構
造の鋳造装置を出願している（特願昭５８−２２９８４
４号）。Therefore, recently, as shown in FIG. 7, the applicant has installed an inner mold 7 having a cooling mechanism for cooling the inner circumferential surface of the hollow tube A through the wall surface of the tundish 1 on the opposite side of the nozzle 3. It is disposed so as to protrude from the inner side toward the axis of the outer mold 4, and when the molten steel in the tundish 1 is drawn out from between the inner and outer molds 4.7, it forms a solidified shell while being cooled by both molds 4.7. An application has been filed for a casting device with a structure for continuously casting empty tubes (Patent application No. 58-22984).
No. 4).
（発明が解決しようとする問題点）
ところで、上記後者の鋳造装置は、内側モールド７を支
持するプラグ９がタンディツシュ１壁面で片持支持され
るため、タンディツシュ１壁面およびプラグ９の支持部
をかなり大きくして支持強度を増大する必要があり、ま
たバランス上、プラグ９の支持ホルダー９°をタンディ
ツシュ１外方（ノズル３反対側）へ張出するため、構造
が複雑になるという欠点があった。(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) By the way, in the latter casting apparatus, since the plug 9 supporting the inner mold 7 is cantilever-supported on the wall surface of the tundish 1, the wall surface of the tundish 1 and the supporting part of the plug 9 are considerably damaged. It is necessary to increase the support strength by increasing the size, and for balance purposes, the support holder 9 of the plug 9 is extended outward from the tundish 1 (opposite the nozzle 3), which has the disadvantage of complicating the structure. .
この発明は上述の点に鑑みなされたもので、内側モール
ドの支持が確実で変形が少なく且つ支持部の負荷を小さ
くでき、構造を簡素化でき、また溶鋼の均一な冷却が可
能で品質の高い中空管が得られる水平連続鋳造装置を提
供しようとするものである。This invention was made in view of the above points, and the inner mold can be supported reliably and deformed less, the load on the support part can be reduced, the structure can be simplified, and the molten steel can be cooled uniformly, resulting in high quality. The present invention aims to provide a horizontal continuous casting apparatus that can produce hollow tubes.
（上記問題点を解決するための手段）
この発明の鋳造装置は、タンディツシュ底部のタンディ
ツシュノズルより水平にブレークリングを介して冷却機
構を有する筒状モールドが配設され、該モールド後方に
鋳片の引抜き装置が配備された水平連続鋳造装置におい
て、冷却機構を有する内側モールドを、支持プラグを介
してタンディツシュノズルより前記筒状モールド内の軸
芯部へ突き出して配装し、該支持プラグの一端部をタン
ディツシュノズル部で支持させ、内側モールドのタンデ
ィツシュノズル近傍にブレークリングを配備したことを
要旨とするものである。(Means for solving the above problems) In the casting apparatus of the present invention, a cylindrical mold having a cooling mechanism is disposed horizontally from the tundish nozzle at the bottom of the tundish via a break ring, and a cast piece is placed behind the mold. In a horizontal continuous casting apparatus equipped with a drawing device, an inner mold having a cooling mechanism is disposed so as to protrude from a tundish nozzle through a support plug to a shaft core within the cylindrical mold. The gist is that one end is supported by the tundish nozzle part, and a break ring is provided near the tundish nozzle of the inner mold.
（作用）
この発明の装置によれば、タンディツシュ１内に供給貯
留された溶鋼は、その底部のノズルより内外モールド間
隙内へ供給され、ここでモールドの各冷却機構によって
冷却されて内外周に凝固シェルを形成し、更に内外モー
ルドより送り出されて空冷され、中空管状の鋳片となり
、この鋳片が引抜き装置により引き抜かれる。このよう
にして中空管が連続的に鋳造される。(Function) According to the device of the present invention, molten steel supplied and stored in the tundish 1 is supplied from the nozzle at the bottom into the gap between the inner and outer molds, where it is cooled by each cooling mechanism of the mold and solidified on the inner and outer peripheries. A shell is formed, which is then sent out from the inner and outer molds and cooled by air to form a hollow tubular slab, which is then pulled out by a drawing device. In this way, hollow tubes are continuously cast.
（実施例） 以下、この発明の実施例を図面に基づいて説明する。(Example) Embodiments of the present invention will be described below based on the drawings.
なお、第７図と同一構成部材は同符号を用いる。第１図
は第１実施例の全体概要断面図、第２図は同要部拡大断
面図を示す。Note that the same reference numerals are used for the same components as in FIG. 7. FIG. 1 is an overall schematic sectional view of the first embodiment, and FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the same essential parts.
１はタンディッシュで、この上方にし一ドル２が近接配
備されている。３はタンディツシュ１底部の前方に開設
したタンディツシュノズルで、このノズル３は多数の小
径ノズルを円周方向に間隔を設けて配した構造からなる
。４は冷却ジャケソ）４ａを有する筒状の外側モールド
で、ノズル３にジヨイントノズル５を介して連設されて
いる。また、外側モールド４前端には外側ブレークリン
グ６がジヨイントノズル５に接合して設けられている。1 is a tundish, and a dollar 2 is placed above it and close to it. Reference numeral 3 denotes a tundish nozzle that is opened in front of the bottom of the tundish 1, and this nozzle 3 has a structure in which a large number of small diameter nozzles are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction. 4 is a cylindrical outer mold having a cooling jacket 4a, which is connected to the nozzle 3 via a joint nozzle 5. Further, an outer break ring 6 is provided at the front end of the outer mold 4 so as to be joined to the joint nozzle 5.
７は周縁部に冷却ジャケット７ａを配備した内側モール
ドで、この内側モールド７は支持プラグ９に連設されて
ノズル３より前記外側モールド４内の軸芯部に突出して
配装され、内側ブレークリング８がモールド７前端にお
いてノズル３近傍の壁面に埋設される。Reference numeral 7 designates an inner mold provided with a cooling jacket 7a on its peripheral edge.This inner mold 7 is connected to a support plug 9, and is disposed so as to protrude from the nozzle 3 to the axial center of the outer mold 4, and includes an inner break ring. 8 is embedded in the wall near the nozzle 3 at the front end of the mold 7.
支持プラグ９はその内部に前記冷却ジャケット７ａに連
通ずる給排水管路９ａが配装され、またその外周部には
耐火壁９ｂが装着さ゛れ、更に耐火壁９ｂ下には該耐火
壁９ｂの破損を検知するスリーブ状のアンテナ９ｃが配
装されている。そしてプラグ９の後端部外周はテーバ状
に形成され、ノズル３壁とこれと反対側のタンディツシ
ュ１壁間に各壁部を貫通して支承される。The support plug 9 is provided with a water supply and drainage pipe 9a communicating with the cooling jacket 7a inside thereof, and a fireproof wall 9b is attached to the outer periphery of the support plug 9, and a fireproof wall 9b is installed below the fireproof wall 9b to prevent damage to the fireproof wall 9b. A sleeve-shaped antenna 9c for detection is provided. The outer periphery of the rear end of the plug 9 is formed into a tapered shape, and is supported between the nozzle 3 wall and the tundish 1 wall on the opposite side by penetrating each wall portion.
１０は内側モールド７および支持プラグ９の中心部を一
連に連通して配設された冷却空気の送風路である。Reference numeral 10 denotes a cooling air blowing path that is arranged to communicate with the inner mold 7 and the center of the support plug 9 in series.
１１は内外モールド４．７がら引き出される鋳片Ｃをガ
イドするサポートローラ、１２は鋳片Ｃを引抜き駆動す
るピンチローラで、サポート口 ′−ラ１１およびピ
ンチローラ１２は外側モールド４の後方に順次配備され
る。・
上記実施例の装置において、レードル２がらタンディツ
シュ１内に供給され、貯留された溶鋼Ａは、その底部の
ノズル３より内外モールド４．７間隙内へ供給さ咋、こ
こで冷却ジャヶノ ゛ト４ａ、７ａによって冷却
されて内外周に凝゛ｌｉ！ｄ 、’□シェルＢを
形成し、内外モルト４．７がらザ ゛−ボートロー
ラ１１に支持されながら前方へ送り出されて空冷され、
中空管状の鋳片Ｃとなり、この鋳片Ｃがピンチローラ１
２により引抜きと押戻し作用を受けながら引き抜かれる
。11 is a support roller that guides the slab C drawn out from the inner and outer molds 4.7, 12 is a pinch roller that pulls out and drives the slab C, and the support opening 11 and the pinch roller 12 are sequentially placed behind the outer mold 4. Deployed. - In the apparatus of the above embodiment, the ladle 2 is supplied into the tundish 1, and the stored molten steel A is supplied from the nozzle 3 at the bottom into the gap between the inner and outer molds 4.7, where it is cooled by the cooling jacket 4a. , 7a and condenses on the inner and outer peripheries! d, '□Shell B is formed, and the inner and outer molds 4.7 are sent forward while being supported by the boat rollers 11 and cooled by air.
A hollow tubular slab C is formed, and this slab C is attached to the pinch roller 1.
2, it is pulled out while receiving the pulling and pushing back effects.
このようにして、中空管が連続鋳造される。In this way, hollow tubes are continuously cast.
なお、上記実施例では、内側モールド７のブレークリン
グ８がノズル３部壁面に埋設しであるので、内側モール
ド７の熱膨張時や鋳片Ｃ押し戻し時の外力作用時にも充
分に保護される。またプラグ９とノズル３壁の接合箇所
がテーパー状になっているので、プラグ９の取付けが容
易である。In the above embodiment, the break ring 8 of the inner mold 7 is embedded in the wall surface of the nozzle 3, so that it is sufficiently protected even when the inner mold 7 thermally expands or when an external force is applied when pushing back the slab C. Furthermore, since the joint between the plug 9 and the wall of the nozzle 3 is tapered, the plug 9 can be easily attached.
第３図は本発明の他の実施例を示し、前記実施例と相違
するところは、内側ブレークリング８の位置をタンディ
ツシュ１側へずらせてノズル３出口側に絞り部３ａを形
成し、モールド４．７間隙内へ流入する溶鋼Ａを充分に
絞るとともに、鋳片Ｃ押し戻し時に内側ブレークリング
８付近の動圧の上昇を図った点である。FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the present invention, which differs from the previous embodiment in that the position of the inner break ring 8 is shifted toward the tundish 1 side to form a constricted portion 3a on the exit side of the nozzle 3, and the mold 4 .7 The molten steel A flowing into the gap is sufficiently squeezed, and the dynamic pressure near the inner break ring 8 is increased when the slab C is pushed back.
１ なお、プラグ９の先端はタンディ、７
シ、ノズル入口部３ｂで支持される。1 The tip of plug 9 is Tandy, 7
It is supported at the nozzle inlet portion 3b.
第４図（ａ）、（ｂ）は本発明の第３実施例を示し、前
記第１実施例においてタンディツシュノズル３の開口形
状を第４図（ｂ）に示す如く半円形に形成して開口面積
を拡大している。FIGS. 4(a) and 4(b) show a third embodiment of the present invention, in which the opening shape of the tundish nozzle 3 in the first embodiment is formed into a semicircle as shown in FIG. 4(b). The opening area has been expanded.
第５図（ａ）、（ｂ）は本発明の第４実施例を示し、前
記第１実施例において内側モールド７の取付けを容易に
するために、内側ブレークリング８の外周を耐火壁とし
てのスリーブ煉瓦９ｂ’ に組み込みできる構造にする
と共に、タンディツシュノズル３の開口形状を第５図（
ｂ）に示す如く半円形に形成して開口面積を拡大してい
る。FIGS. 5(a) and 5(b) show a fourth embodiment of the present invention. In order to facilitate the installation of the inner mold 7 in the first embodiment, the outer periphery of the inner break ring 8 is constructed as a fireproof wall. In addition to creating a structure that can be incorporated into the sleeve brick 9b', the opening shape of the tundish nozzle 3 is changed as shown in Fig. 5 (
As shown in b), it is formed into a semicircular shape to enlarge the opening area.
前記第１〜５図に示した各実施例では、内外ブレークリ
ング６．８を比較的、近接配備して内外の凝固シェルＢ
が可及的一様に形成できるようにしているが、次にブレ
ークリング６．８間の距ｆｆ１Ｌをどの程度に設定すれ
ばよいかを数式により求めてみる。In each of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, the inner and outer break rings 6.8 are arranged relatively close to each other so that the inner and outer solidified shells B
The distance ff1L between the break rings 6 and 8 should be set as uniformly as possible. Next, we will use a mathematical formula to find out how much the distance ff1L between the break rings 6 and 8 should be set.
第６図において、ｔ：凝固厚さ鰭、ｋ：６！Ｅ固係数鶴
・−丁：時間 、ｖ：引抜き速度能４２ｄ：内外モール
ド間の半径方向距離朋を示す。In Figure 6, t: solidification thickness fin, k: 6! E solid coefficient Tsuru - D: time, v: drawing speed capability 42d: radial distance between inner and outer molds.
モールド４．７内の溶鋼Ａの凝固厚さｔは、。＝ｋＪ’
Ｔ ＝ｋ （１／ｖ）雀
ここで、ｋ＃３０、ｖ ＝ ５００〜１００１００Ｏと
し、ブレークリング部での閉塞を防止するためにはブレ
ークリングの厚さ６’ 、８’ を考慮して、ｔ＝ｄと
なるｌを求める。The solidified thickness t of the molten steel A in the mold 4.7 is: =kJ'
T = k (1/v) Here, k#30, v = 500 to 100100O, and in order to prevent blockage at the break ring part, take into account the thickness of the break ring 6' and 8'. Find l such that t=d.
従って、２ｄ＝２０ｎｍのとき ｌ ＝ ５５〜１１
０１ｎ２ｄ＝３０ｍのとき ６＝１２４〜２４８ ＋ｕ
２ｄ＝４０ｍ＋ｍのとき Ａ＝２２０〜４４０ ｍｍ２
ｄ ＝ ５０鶴のとき ｊ２＝３４４〜６８８龍以上の
試算から、中空管を低速度で鋳造していくためには、外
側ブレークリング６と内側ブレークリング８間の距離を
中空管の肉厚の略１ｏ倍以下にする必要があるといえる
。Therefore, when 2d=20nm, l=55~11
When 01n2d=30m 6=124~248 +u
When 2d=40m+m A=220~440 mm2
When d = 50 Tsuru, j2 = 344 ~ 688 From Ryu's calculations, in order to cast the hollow tube at a low speed, the distance between the outer break ring 6 and the inner break ring 8 should be set to the thickness of the hollow tube. It can be said that it is necessary to make the thickness approximately 10 times or less.
（発明の効果）
然して、この発明の水平連続鋳造装置は上記した構造か
らなるから下記の如き効果を奏する。(Effects of the Invention) Since the horizontal continuous casting apparatus of the present invention has the above-described structure, it has the following effects.
（１） 内側モールドの支持プラグをタンディツシュ
後壁とタンディツシュノズル部の２箇所で支持するので
、内側モールドの支持が確実で変位が少なく、また損傷
し易い耐火壁への負担が小さくなるため耐久性が向上す
る。(1) Since the support plug of the inner mold is supported in two places: the rear wall of the tundish and the nozzle of the tundish, the inner mold is supported reliably and has little displacement, and the load on the fireproof wall, which is easily damaged, is reduced, resulting in increased durability. Improves sex.
（２）タンディツシュ内の支持プラグには、湯漏れ検知
用のアンテナを内装しているので、耐火壁の損傷がすぐ
に検出できて安全性が高い。(2) The support plug inside the tundish is equipped with an antenna for detecting hot water leakage, so damage to the fireproof wall can be detected immediately, resulting in high safety.
（３）内外モールド間隙内に流入する溶鋼がノズル部で
充分に絞られるので、鋳片の押し戻し時の動圧が凝固シ
ェルとモールド壁面の接触部分に確実に作用し、冷却が
均一に行われて高品質の製品が得られる。(3) Since the molten steel flowing into the gap between the inner and outer molds is sufficiently squeezed at the nozzle, the dynamic pressure when pushing back the slab reliably acts on the contact area between the solidified shell and the mold wall, and cooling is performed evenly. high quality products can be obtained.
（４） 内側モールドがレードルからタンディツシュ
内に供給される溶鋼流により洗われないようにノズルの
外部に配備されているので、凝固シェルが洗い流される
膚がない。(4) Since the inner mold is located outside the nozzle so as not to be washed away by the flow of molten steel fed from the ladle into the tundish, there is no skin for the solidified shell to be washed away.
（５） 内外のブレークリングが接近しているので、
凝固シェルの形成が一様に行われ不純物が中空管壁の略
中間部に凝集され、内外面の良好な鋳片が鋳造されると
共に、内外モールドの冷却機構の温度コントロールが容
易になる。(5) Since the inner and outer brake rings are close together,
A solidified shell is uniformly formed, impurities are aggregated at approximately the middle of the hollow tube wall, a slab with good inner and outer surfaces is cast, and the temperature of the cooling mechanism of the inner and outer molds can be easily controlled.
第１図は本発明の鋳造装置の第１実施例を示す全体断面
図、第２図は第１図の要部拡大断面図、第３図は本発明
の第２実施例を示す要部拡大断面図、第４図（ａ）は本
発明の第３実施例を示す要部拡大断面図、同図（ｂ）は
第４図（ａ）のＸ−Ｘ線矢視図、第５図（ａ）は本発明
の第４実施例を示す要部拡大断面図、同図（ｂ）は第５
図（ａ＞のＹ−Ｙ線矢視図、第６図はモールド部分の寸
法関係を示す説明図、第７図は先願の装置を示す断面図
である。
１・・・タンディツシュ、３・・・タンディッシュノズ
ル、４・・・外側モールド、６・・・外側ブレークリン
グ、７・・・内側モールド、 ４ａ、７ａ・・・冷却
ジャケット、８・・・内側プレークリング、９・・・支
持プラグ、１２・・・ピンチローラ。Fig. 1 is an overall cross-sectional view showing a first embodiment of a casting apparatus of the present invention, Fig. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the main part of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is an enlarged main part showing a second embodiment of the invention. 4(a) is an enlarged sectional view of a main part showing a third embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 4(b) is a view taken along the line X--X in FIG. a) is an enlarged sectional view of the main part showing the fourth embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing the dimensional relationship of the mold parts, and FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing the device of the prior application. 1...Tandish, 3. ...Tundish nozzle, 4...Outer mold, 6...Outer break ring, 7...Inner mold, 4a, 7a...Cooling jacket, 8...Inner plate ring, 9...Support Plug, 12...pinch roller.
Claims (1)
ブレークリングを介して冷却機構を有する筒状モールド
が配設され、該モールド後方に鋳片の引抜き装置が配備
された水平連続鋳造装置において、 冷却機構を有する内側モールドを、支持プラグを介して
タンディッシュノズルより前記筒状モールド内の軸芯部
へ突き出して配装し、該支持プラグの一端部をタンディ
ッシュノズル部で支持させ、該タンディッシュノズル近
傍にブレークリングを配備したことを特徴とする中空管
用水平連続鋳造装置。[Claims] A horizontal continuous casting device in which a cylindrical mold having a cooling mechanism is disposed horizontally from a tundish nozzle at the bottom of the tundish via a break ring, and a slab drawing device is provided behind the mold. , an inner mold having a cooling mechanism is disposed so as to protrude from a tundish nozzle to a shaft core within the cylindrical mold via a support plug, and one end of the support plug is supported by the tundish nozzle; A horizontal continuous casting apparatus for hollow tubes, characterized in that a break ring is provided near the tundish nozzle.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP17728484A JPS6156753A (en) | 1984-08-25 | 1984-08-25 | Horizontal and continuous casting device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP17728484A JPS6156753A (en) | 1984-08-25 | 1984-08-25 | Horizontal and continuous casting device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6156753A true JPS6156753A (en) | 1986-03-22 |
| JPH0148107B2 JPH0148107B2 (en) | 1989-10-18 |
Family
ID=16028338
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP17728484A Granted JPS6156753A (en) | 1984-08-25 | 1984-08-25 | Horizontal and continuous casting device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6156753A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5335715A (en) * | 1990-08-09 | 1994-08-09 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Method and apparatus for continuous casting |
| JP2008159371A (en) * | 2006-12-22 | 2008-07-10 | Idec Corp | Circuit breaker |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS58160651U (en) * | 1982-04-23 | 1983-10-26 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Continuous casting equipment for pipe materials |
-
1984
- 1984-08-25 JP JP17728484A patent/JPS6156753A/en active Granted
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS58160651U (en) * | 1982-04-23 | 1983-10-26 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Continuous casting equipment for pipe materials |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5743323A (en) * | 1990-06-07 | 1998-04-28 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Apparatus for continuous casting |
| US5335715A (en) * | 1990-08-09 | 1994-08-09 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Method and apparatus for continuous casting |
| JP2008159371A (en) * | 2006-12-22 | 2008-07-10 | Idec Corp | Circuit breaker |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0148107B2 (en) | 1989-10-18 |
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