JPS61218690A - Coal gasifier - Google Patents
Coal gasifierInfo
- Publication number
- JPS61218690A JPS61218690A JP5854685A JP5854685A JPS61218690A JP S61218690 A JPS61218690 A JP S61218690A JP 5854685 A JP5854685 A JP 5854685A JP 5854685 A JP5854685 A JP 5854685A JP S61218690 A JPS61218690 A JP S61218690A
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- water
- coal
- gasifier
- gasification
- diffuser
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Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 （産業上の利用分野） 本発明は石炭のガス化装置に関する。[Detailed description of the invention] (Industrial application field) The present invention relates to a coal gasification device.
（従来の技術） 従来の石炭ガス化炉（１段噴流床式）を第３図に示す。(Conventional technology) A conventional coal gasifier (single-stage spouted bed type) is shown in Figure 3.
第３図において圧力容器２１の内側に１００〜１５０１
以上の厚さの耐火断熱材２２を設け、上部にガス化炉２
３、下部にクーラ２４を構成している。ガス化炉２３の
上部には石炭、或いは油、空気、或いは酸素を供給する
供給手段２５を配置しておシ、クーラ部２４内にはラデ
ィアントクーラ２６を配置し、下部にはガス出口２７が
設けられている。また、クーラ部２４の下部には灰ホッ
パ２８が形成されている。In FIG. 3, there are 100 to 1501 inside the pressure vessel 21.
A refractory heat insulating material 22 with a thickness greater than or equal to the above thickness is provided, and the gasification furnace 2
3. A cooler 24 is configured at the bottom. A supply means 25 for supplying coal, oil, air, or oxygen is arranged in the upper part of the gasifier 23, a radiant cooler 26 is arranged in the cooler part 24, and a gas outlet 27 is arranged in the lower part. is provided. Further, an ash hopper 28 is formed in the lower part of the cooler section 24.
装置の起動に際しては、油と空気または酸素とを供給手
段２５からガス化炉２３内に供給して燃焼させてウオー
ミングを行う。ガス化炉２３内が所定の温度、例えば摂
氏１４００度になると、油から徐々に石炭に切シ変えて
いく。石炭に切シ変わると空気または酸素の供給量を下
げ、石炭を不完全燃焼させて００．Ｈ，ガス等の可燃性
ガスを生成させる。可燃性ガスはガス化炉２３からクー
ラ部２４に入シ、ここでラディアントクーラ２６によシ
摂氏１０００〜１１００度程度まで冷却される。摂氏１
０００〜１１００度程度まで冷却されたガスはガス出口
２７から出てゆき、熱交換器に送られる。ガス化炉２３
で生成されるスラグはクーラ部２４を通って灰ホッパ２
８に落下し、灰ホッパ２８下部の排出口から排出される
。When starting up the apparatus, oil and air or oxygen are supplied from the supply means 25 into the gasifier 23 and burned to perform warming. When the temperature inside the gasifier 23 reaches a predetermined temperature, for example 1400 degrees Celsius, oil is gradually switched to coal. When switching to coal, the amount of air or oxygen supplied is lowered to cause incomplete combustion of the coal. Generates flammable gases such as H, gas, etc. The combustible gas enters the cooler section 24 from the gasifier 23, where it is cooled to about 1000 to 1100 degrees Celsius by the radiant cooler 26. Celsius 1
The gas cooled to about 000 to 1100 degrees exits from the gas outlet 27 and is sent to the heat exchanger. Gasifier 23
The slag generated in the ash hopper 2 passes through the cooler section 24
8 and is discharged from the outlet at the bottom of the ash hopper 28.
このような従来の１段噴流床式石炭ガス化炉においては
灰の溶融流出を確保するため、炉全体を高温に維持する
必要がある。このため次のような欠点が生ずる。In such a conventional single-stage entrained bed coal gasifier, the entire furnace must be maintained at a high temperature in order to ensure melting and outflow of ash. This results in the following drawbacks.
■炉全体として空気または酸素投入量を増加ささせて温
度を高く保つためガス化効率が悪い。■Gasification efficiency is poor because the temperature of the furnace as a whole is kept high by increasing the amount of air or oxygen input.
高い発熱量のガスが得にくいため酸素によるガス化が不
可欠となる。Since it is difficult to obtain gas with a high calorific value, gasification using oxygen is essential.
■圧力容器に熱が伝わらないように厚い耐熱・耐火材（
一般に１００〜１５０−以上）を使用しているため放熱
量が低く、耐熱・耐火材は炉内と同一温度になるので寿
命が短い。このため炉の温度をあまシ高くできないので
灰の融点の高い石炭にはなじまない。即′ち炭種適合性
におとる。■Thick heat-resistant and fire-resistant material (
Generally, the heat dissipation amount is low because the heat resistant and refractory materials are at the same temperature as the inside of the furnace, so their lifespan is short. For this reason, the temperature of the furnace cannot be raised too high, so it is not compatible with coal, which has a high melting point. In other words, it depends on the compatibility with the coal type.
■熱交換器入口のガス温度を灰の軟化温度以下に制御す
るためには水クエンチによる冷却あるいはラディアント
ボイラによる水側への放熱が不可欠であり、その分ガス
化効率が悪くなるという欠点を持つ。■In order to control the gas temperature at the heat exchanger inlet to below the softening temperature of the ash, cooling by water quenching or heat dissipation to the water side by a radiant boiler is essential, which reduces the gasification efficiency. have
■更に耐圧容器内面に直接耐火断熱材を施工し水冷壁を
有しない場合には耐火材の厚みが大きくな夛、起動のウ
オーミングに長時間を要するとともに負荷変動時におい
ても制約が生ずることとなるという欠点を有する。■Furthermore, if fireproof insulation is installed directly on the inside of the pressure vessel and there is no water-cooled wall, the thickness of the fireproof material is large, it takes a long time to warm up the vessel, and there are restrictions when the load fluctuates. It has the following drawback.
（発明が解決しようとする問題点）
本発明は従来の石炭ガス化炉の欠点を解消しく１）高効
率ガス化炉の実現（火力発電用対応）：水クエンチある
いはラディアントクーラによる無効分をなくし、ガス化
効率を高める。(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) The present invention aims to eliminate the drawbacks of conventional coal gasifiers. 1) Realization of a high-efficiency gasifier (compatible with thermal power generation): Eliminate ineffective gas by water quench or radiant cooler. and improve gasification efficiency.
（２）炭種適合性の拡大；水冷壁構造と薄い耐熱・耐火
材ライニング施工の採用によシ熱損失をできるだけ少な
くしながら炉の温度を上昇せしめ灰の溶融温度の高い炭
種についてもこれを利用可能にする。(2) Expanded compatibility with coal types: By adopting a water-cooled wall structure and a thin heat-resistant/refractory lining, the temperature of the furnace can be raised while minimizing heat loss, and this also applies to coal types with high ash melting temperatures. make available.
（３）高い信頼性のガス化炉の実現；水冷壁による高温
ガスの遮断
（４： 運転操作性の高いガス化炉の実現；薄い耐火
・耐熱材の採用によるウオーミング時間の減少。(3) Achieving a highly reliable gasifier; shutting off high-temperature gas with a water-cooled wall (4: Achieving a gasifier with high operability; reducing warming time by using thin refractory and heat-resistant materials.
を可能とする石炭ガス化装置を提供しようとするもので
ちる。The purpose of this project is to provide a coal gasification device that enables this.
（問題点を解決するための手段）
本発明は、
（１）２段噴流床方式とし、ガス化反応時の吸熱特性を
主として利用してガス化を効率的に行わしめ、炉出口に
おける水クエンチなどの冷却方式を不要にした点、
（２） 薄い耐火材のライニングにより炉内を高温（
１４００〜１８００℃）に維持し、炭種適合性を広げる
ことを可能とした点、
を特徴とする石炭ガス化装置であり、下記の技術構成を
有するものである。(Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention has the following features: (1) A two-stage spouted bed system is used to efficiently perform gasification mainly by utilizing the endothermic characteristics during the gasification reaction, and to quench water at the furnace outlet. (2) Thin refractory lining keeps the inside of the furnace at high temperatures (
This coal gasifier is characterized by being able to maintain the coal gasification temperature (1,400 to 1,800°C) and widening the compatibility with coal types, and has the following technical configuration.
燃料を燃焼させて高温の雰囲気を形成するコンバスタ部
、同コンバスタ部の上部に位置してコンバスタ部と連通
し、燃料を乾留・熱分解させるとともに前記コンバスタ
部からの高温のガスと燃料とを混合するディフューザ部
、及び同ディフューザ部の上部に位置してディフューザ
部と連通し、吸熱のガス化反応をおこなわせて前記ディ
フューザ部からの炭素粒をガス化さ・せるレダクタ部か
らなるガス化炉を有し、管で構成し、かつ、同管の内部
側に位置する外表面にスタッドが設けられた水冷壁と同
水冷壁の内部側にライニングされた比較的薄い耐熱・耐
火材から前記ガス化炉を形成したことを特徴とする石炭
ガス化装置。A combustor section that burns fuel to form a high-temperature atmosphere; a combustor section that is located above the combustor section and communicates with the combustor section, carbonizes and thermally decomposes the fuel, and mixes the high-temperature gas from the combustor section with the fuel. and a reductor section located above the diffuser section and communicating with the diffuser section to perform an endothermic gasification reaction to gasify carbon particles from the diffuser section. The gasification is made of a water-cooled wall, which is composed of a pipe and has studs on the outer surface located on the inside of the pipe, and a relatively thin heat-resistant/refractory material lined on the inside of the water-cooled wall. A coal gasification device characterized by forming a furnace.
第１図に本発明による石炭ガス化装置の一実施態様の構
造を示す。第１図（Ａ）はその概略縦断面図、第１図（
４）中の一部拡大図である。第２図に本発明装置の作用
・効果の理解を助ける本発明装置のガス化原理図を示す
。FIG. 1 shows the structure of an embodiment of a coal gasification apparatus according to the present invention. Figure 1 (A) is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the
4) This is a partially enlarged view of the inside. FIG. 2 shows a gasification principle diagram of the apparatus of the present invention to help understand the operation and effect of the apparatus of the present invention.
（構成）
第１図において、ガス化炉は通常的４ｏｋｇ／ｌｙＢ”
Ｇで操作されるもので、コンバスタ１、ディフューザ
２およびレダクタ３の三つの部分からなシ、水冷壁４に
て周囲を囲まれ、炉内側に比較的薄い（約５０麿以下）
耐熱・耐火材５が内張シされている。(Configuration) In Figure 1, the gasifier is a typical 4okg/lyB”
It is operated by G, and consists of three parts: combustor 1, diffuser 2, and reductor 3, and is surrounded by a water-cooled wall 4, with a relatively thin wall (approximately 50 mm or less) inside the furnace.
It is lined with a heat-resistant and fire-resistant material 5.
水冷壁４と耐熱・耐火材５との関連は第１図（Ｂ）に示
すようになっている。すなわち、水冷壁４は一般に水冷
壁管４ａとフィン４ｂによって構成されているが、この
水冷壁管４ａの炉内側には全面にスタッド４Ｃが取付け
られておシ、このスタンド４Ｃをアンカーとして耐熱・
耐火材５が内張すされる。このスタンド４Ｃのアンカー
効果により耐熱・耐火材５は水冷壁４に強固に固着され
るので、耐熱・耐火材５の脱落に伴う事故を防止するこ
とができる。The relationship between the water-cooled wall 4 and the heat-resistant/refractory material 5 is as shown in FIG. 1(B). That is, the water-cooled wall 4 is generally composed of water-cooled wall tubes 4a and fins 4b, and studs 4C are attached to the entire surface inside the furnace of the water-cooled wall tubes 4a, and these stands 4C are used as anchors to provide heat-resistant and
A refractory material 5 is lined inside. Because of the anchor effect of the stand 4C, the heat-resistant/fire-resistant material 5 is firmly fixed to the water-cooled wall 4, so that accidents caused by the heat-resistant/fire-resistant material 5 falling off can be prevented.
コンバスタ１には石炭１０の一部、循環チャー１６およ
び空気または０１１１が投入され、高温状態（１４００
〜１８００℃）に維持され、灰の溶融排出が行われると
ともに、上部でのガス化に必要な熱を供給する。（第２
図参照）、ガス化剤（空気またはＯｘ）は図示省略のコ
ンプレッサにより昇圧され、炉内に供給される。Part of the coal 10, circulating char 16 and air or 0111 are charged into the combustor 1, and a high temperature state (1400
~1800°C) to provide the necessary heat for gasification in the upper part while melting and draining the ash. (Second
(see figure), the gasifying agent (air or Ox) is pressurized by a compressor (not shown) and supplied into the furnace.
ディフューザ２には残シの石炭１２が投入され乾留され
るとともに、ガスとの均一な混合、流れの平均化が行わ
れる（第２図参照）、コンバスタ１、ディフューザ２へ
の石炭の投入は、微粉砕した石炭を図示省略のロックホ
ッパシステムにより加圧され、炉内に搬送される。The remaining coal 12 is charged into the diffuser 2 and is carbonized, mixed uniformly with gas and the flow is averaged (see Figure 2).The coal is charged into the combustor 1 and the diffuser 2 as follows The pulverized coal is pressurized by a lock hopper system (not shown) and transported into the furnace.
レダクタ３においては炭素粒のガス化およびガスの冷却
が行われ（第２図参照）発生したチャーは図示省略の捕
集器によって捕集され、前記コンバスタ１に循環チャー
として再投入される（第２図参照）。In the reductor 3, carbon particles are gasified and the gas is cooled (see Fig. 2), and the generated char is collected by a collector (not shown) and reinjected into the combustor 1 as circulating char (see Figure 2). (See Figure 2).
コンバスタ１下部には灰ホッパ９が設けられ流下した溶
融スラグはここで水冷され、水冷スラグ１５として外部
に排出される（第２図参照）。An ash hopper 9 is provided at the bottom of the combustor 1, and the molten slag flowing down is water-cooled here and discharged to the outside as water-cooled slag 15 (see FIG. 2).
水冷壁４には入口管寄８から冷却水が供給され水冷壁４
を水冷するようにしている。Cooling water is supplied to the water-cooled wall 4 from the inlet header 8, and the water-cooled wall 4
I'm trying to water cool it.
レダクタ３出口には熱交換器７が設置されガスを所定温
度（約４００℃）まで冷却するとともに、有効な熱回収
を行う。A heat exchanger 7 is installed at the outlet of the reductor 3 to cool the gas to a predetermined temperature (approximately 400° C.) and to perform effective heat recovery.
ガス化炉全体は圧力容器６内に収容され、炉内と圧力容
器との間の空間部に差圧検出器１５によって制御される
弁の作用によって不活性ガス１４が注入され、差圧が制
御されるようになっている。The entire gasification furnace is housed in a pressure vessel 6, and an inert gas 14 is injected into the space between the inside of the furnace and the pressure vessel by the action of a valve controlled by a differential pressure detector 15 to control the differential pressure. It is now possible to do so.
（作用・効果）
“ （１）燃料のガス化反応時における吸熱特性を
主として利用して炉出口ガス温度を適正値（灰の軟化点
以下）に制御することができるので高いガス化効率が得
られる。(Function/Effect) “(1) High gasification efficiency can be achieved because the furnace exit gas temperature can be controlled to an appropriate value (below the softening point of ash) mainly by utilizing the endothermic characteristics during the fuel gasification reaction. It will be done.
即ち、水クエンチあるいはラブアントクーラ方式による
熱の損失がなくなるという利点を有する。That is, there is an advantage that there is no heat loss due to water quench or love-ant cooler methods.
（２）上記（１）の効果と、水冷壁で裏打ちされた薄い
耐火・断熱材の効果（耐火・断熱材の炉内面温度が高温
となっても耐火・断熱材は比較的薄いので裏側の水冷壁
に放熱し易く炉内温度を耐火・断熱材を損傷させること
なく高くすることができる）によりコンバスタ内温度を
十分高（（１，ａｏｏ〜１８００℃）できる。(2) The effect of (1) above and the effect of the thin refractory/insulating material lined with the water-cooled wall (even if the internal temperature of the refractory/insulating material becomes high, the refractory/insulating material is relatively thin, so The temperature inside the combustor can be sufficiently high ((1, aoo to 1800 degrees Celsius)) because heat is easily radiated to the water-cooled wall and the temperature inside the furnace can be raised without damaging the fireproof/insulating material.
従って灰の溶融温度の高い石炭の使用も可能となり、炭
種適合性に優れている。Therefore, it is possible to use coal whose ash has a high melting temperature, and it has excellent compatibility with coal types.
（３）水冷壁と耐熱・耐火材をアンカー作用をするスタ
ッドによって強固に結合させているので、耐熱・耐火材
の脱落による事故の防止が十分になされる。(3) Since the water-cooled wall and the heat-resistant/fire-resistant material are firmly connected by studs that act as anchors, accidents caused by falling of the heat-resistant/fire-resistant material are sufficiently prevented.
（４） ディフューザを設けることにより、高温ガス
と燃料の均一混合、ガス流れの安定化をはかることがで
き、高いガス化効率を得ることができる。(4) By providing a diffuser, it is possible to uniformly mix high temperature gas and fuel, stabilize the gas flow, and obtain high gasification efficiency.
（５）厚い寸法の耐熱材、断熱材の排除により、起動特
性の改善がはかられる。(5) Starting characteristics are improved by eliminating thick heat-resistant and heat-insulating materials.
（６） ガス化炉と圧力容器との間に加圧不活性ガス
を注入することによシ、水冷壁を、ガス化炉の内圧によ
る変形から守り、高い信頼性を維持することができる。(6) By injecting pressurized inert gas between the gasifier and the pressure vessel, the water-cooled wall can be protected from deformation due to the internal pressure of the gasifier, and high reliability can be maintained.
東回面の簡単な説明
第１図は本発明の石炭ガス化装置の一実施態様の構造を
示す図で、体）はその概略縦断面図、（Ｂ）は仏）の一
部拡大図、第２図は本発明の石炭ガス化装置の作用・効
果の理解を助ける本発明のガス化原理図、第３図は従来
の石炭ガス化炉を説明するための図である。Brief explanation of the eastern surface Figure 1 is a diagram showing the structure of an embodiment of the coal gasification apparatus of the present invention, where (B) is a schematic longitudinal sectional view thereof, (B) is a partially enlarged view of (B) FIG. 2 is a gasification principle diagram of the present invention to help understand the operation and effect of the coal gasifier of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a conventional coal gasifier.
復代理人 内 １） 明 復代理人 萩 原 亮 − 第２図 奏 １文段器Sub-agent: 1) Akira Sub-agent Ryo Hagi Hara - Figure 2 Kanade 1 stage device
Claims (1)
、同コンバスタ部の上部に位置してコンバスタ部と連通
し、燃料を乾留・熱分解させるとともに前記コンバスタ
部からの高温のガスと燃料とを混合するディフューザ部
、及び同ディフューザ部の上部に位置してディフューザ
部と連通し、吸熱のガス化反応をおこなわせて前記ディ
フューザ部からの炭素粒をガス化させるリダクタ部から
なるガス化炉を有し、管で構成し、かつ、同管の内部側
に位置する外表面にスタッドが設けられた水冷壁と同水
冷壁の内部側にライニングされた耐火材から前記ガス化
炉を形成したことを特徴とする石炭ガス化装置。A combustor section that burns fuel to form a high-temperature atmosphere; a combustor section that is located above the combustor section and communicates with the combustor section, carbonizes and thermally decomposes the fuel, and mixes the high-temperature gas from the combustor section with the fuel. and a reductor section located above the diffuser section and communicating with the diffuser section to perform an endothermic gasification reaction to gasify the carbon particles from the diffuser section. , characterized in that the gasifier is formed of a water-cooled wall that is composed of a pipe and has studs provided on the outer surface located on the inside of the pipe, and a refractory material that is lined on the inside of the water-cooled wall. coal gasification equipment.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5854685A JPS61218690A (en) | 1985-03-25 | 1985-03-25 | Coal gasifier |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5854685A JPS61218690A (en) | 1985-03-25 | 1985-03-25 | Coal gasifier |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS61218690A true JPS61218690A (en) | 1986-09-29 |
Family
ID=13087448
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5854685A Pending JPS61218690A (en) | 1985-03-25 | 1985-03-25 | Coal gasifier |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS61218690A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2000061820A1 (en) * | 1999-04-09 | 2000-10-19 | Holcim Ltd. | Method of reducing slags in size and device for carrying out said method |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3018174A (en) * | 1958-07-21 | 1962-01-23 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | High pressure pulverized coal gasifier |
| JPS5432508A (en) * | 1977-08-18 | 1979-03-09 | Combustion Eng | Operation of coal gasification plant |
| JPS5647489A (en) * | 1979-09-28 | 1981-04-30 | Freiberg Brennstoffinst | Reactor for gas manufacture by partial oxidation |
| JPS58154797A (en) * | 1982-03-10 | 1983-09-14 | Babcock Hitachi Kk | Starting spouted-bed coal gasifier |
| DE3219190A1 (en) * | 1982-05-21 | 1983-11-24 | Ruhrkohle Ag, 4300 Essen | Temperature measurement on the reactor of a coal gasification plant |
-
1985
- 1985-03-25 JP JP5854685A patent/JPS61218690A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3018174A (en) * | 1958-07-21 | 1962-01-23 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | High pressure pulverized coal gasifier |
| JPS5432508A (en) * | 1977-08-18 | 1979-03-09 | Combustion Eng | Operation of coal gasification plant |
| JPS5647489A (en) * | 1979-09-28 | 1981-04-30 | Freiberg Brennstoffinst | Reactor for gas manufacture by partial oxidation |
| JPS58154797A (en) * | 1982-03-10 | 1983-09-14 | Babcock Hitachi Kk | Starting spouted-bed coal gasifier |
| DE3219190A1 (en) * | 1982-05-21 | 1983-11-24 | Ruhrkohle Ag, 4300 Essen | Temperature measurement on the reactor of a coal gasification plant |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2000061820A1 (en) * | 1999-04-09 | 2000-10-19 | Holcim Ltd. | Method of reducing slags in size and device for carrying out said method |
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