JPS61190310A - Binocular - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To form an image erection system of a right-angled prism and to simplify the interlocking mechanism for a prism by moving three optical units which have a reflecting member by the interlocking mechanism. CONSTITUTION:A couple of observation systems consist of the 1st optical unit I which has an objective 1 and the 1st reflecting member 2 for deflecting luminous flux from the objective 1 by 90 deg., the 2nd optical unit II which has the 2nd reflecting member 3 for reflecting the projection luminous flux of the 1st optical unit twice and deflecting it by 180 deg., and the 3rd optical units III and IV which have the 3rd reflecting member 4 for reflecting and deflecting the projection luminous flux and an ocular 6. The 2nd optical unit II is rotatable around the optical axis 2A of projection of the 1st optical unit I and the 3rd optical units III and IV are rotatable around the optical axis 3A of projection of the 2nd optical unit II. The interlocking mechanism is provided to rotate the 3rd optical units III and IV by an angle 2alpha around the optical axis 1A of the objective 1 when the 2nd optical unit II is rotated around the optical axis 1A of the objective 1 by an angle alpha.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は／対の観察系を有する双眼顕微鏡、さらに詳し
くは、対物レンズを固定した状態で、接眼レンズを含む
観察系を旋回させて観察者の規準方向を変えられるよう
に構成した双眼顕微鏡に関する。Detailed Description of the Invention [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a binocular microscope having a pair of observation systems, and more specifically, to a binocular microscope having a pair of observation systems, and more specifically, a binocular microscope having a pair of observation systems, and more specifically, a binocular microscope having a pair of observation systems. This invention relates to a binocular microscope configured so that the user's reference direction can be changed.

従来、眼科手術等の医療や精密機械等の分野では、観察
による疲労を少なくするため観察系を双眼式に構成し、
また多くの場合この双眼式観察系は立体視が可能なよう
に形成されている。ところで、この双眼式観察系は、観
察者が楽な姿勢あるいは手術等を行いやすい姿勢をとる
ことができるようにするため、対物レンズ系を固定して
観察視野を変えないで、観察系だけを操作して動かすこ
とにより観察者の規準方向を可変に構成したものが要求
されている。Traditionally, in medical fields such as ophthalmic surgery and precision machinery, observation systems have been configured as binoculars to reduce fatigue caused by observation.
Further, in many cases, this binocular observation system is configured to enable stereoscopic viewing. By the way, this binocular observation system allows the observer to take a comfortable posture or a posture that is easy to perform surgery, etc., so the objective lens system is fixed and the observation field is not changed, but only the observation system is used. There is a need for a device in which the observer's reference direction can be changed by operating and moving it.

〔従来技術〕[Prior art]

上述の観察者の規準方向を変えることができる双ｉ顕微
鏡の例としては、特開昭３３−７０ｇ、３を号によって
提案されたものであって、像を正立させるためにダハプ
リズムを使用した本のが知られている。An example of the above-mentioned bi-I microscope that can change the reference direction of the observer is the one proposed by Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 33-70G, No. 3, which uses a roof prism to erect the image. The book is known.

〔発明が解決しようとする問題点〕[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

しかし、ダハプリズムは良好な観察儂を得るためには極
め高い精度をもって加工しなければならず顕微鏡が高価
となってしまう問題がある。また、上記双眼顕微鏡は構
造上の制約から観察系の旋回角度すなわち観察者の規準
方向を変えることができる角度が小さく、特に規準方向
を変えることができる角度が小さく、特に規準方向を仰
角とすることができないという問題もあった。However, the roof prism has to be processed with extremely high precision in order to obtain good observation, making the microscope expensive. In addition, due to structural limitations of the binocular microscope, the rotation angle of the observation system, that is, the angle at which the observer's reference direction can be changed is small, and in particular, the angle at which the reference direction can be changed is small, especially when the reference direction is the elevation angle. There was also the problem of not being able to do so.

本発明は従来の双眼顕微鏡の上記問題に鑑みなされたも
のであって、ダハプリズムを含まず、一般的な直角プリ
ズムによって僧正文系を形成し、しかもこれらのプリズ
ムの連動機構の構造が簡単である双眼顕微鏡を提供する
ことを目的とする。The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of conventional binocular microscopes, and is a binocular microscope that does not include a roof prism, forms a monk system with general right-angle prisms, and has a simple structure for the interlocking mechanism of these prisms. The purpose is to provide a microscope.

本発明は、また、観察者の規準方向を変えることができ
る角度範囲の広い双眼顕微鋼を提供することを目的とす
る。Another object of the present invention is to provide a binocular microscope with a wide angular range in which the reference direction of the observer can be changed.

〔発明の構成〕[Structure of the invention]

本発明は上記目的を達成するため以下の構成上の特徴を
有する。すなわち、本発明は、／対の観察系を有する双
眼顕微鏡であって、夫々の観察系が、対物レンズと、該
対物レンズからの光束９００反射偏向させる第１反射部
材を有する第１光学ユニットと、第１光学ユニットの射
出光束を一回反射させて７ｇＯ°偏向させる第２反射部
材を有する第２光学ユニットと、第２光学ユニットの射
出光束を反射偏向させる第３反射部材及び第３反射部材
の反射光軸上に配置された接眼レンズ部を有する第３光
学ユニットとを包含し、第２光学ユニットを第１光学ユ
ニットの射出光軸を中心にして回転可能に第１光学二二
ツ）Ｋ取付け、第３光学ユニットを第１光学ユニットの
射出光軸を中心にして回転可能に第２光学ユニットに取
付け、さらに１第２光学ユニットを上記対物レンズの光
軸に関し角度α回転させるとき、第３光学ユニットを上
記対物レンズの光軸に関し角度コα回転させる連動機構
を備えたことを特徴とする。The present invention has the following structural features in order to achieve the above object. That is, the present invention provides a binocular microscope having a pair of observation systems, each of which includes an objective lens and a first optical unit having a first reflecting member that reflects and deflects a light beam 900 from the objective lens. , a second optical unit having a second reflecting member that reflects the emitted light beam of the first optical unit once and deflects it by 7 gO°, a third reflecting member that reflects and deflects the emitted light beam of the second optical unit, and a third reflecting member. and a third optical unit having an eyepiece portion disposed on the reflection optical axis of the first optical unit, the second optical unit being rotatable about the exit optical axis of the first optical unit). K mounting, when the third optical unit is rotatably attached to the second optical unit around the exit optical axis of the first optical unit, and the first and second optical units are rotated by an angle α about the optical axis of the objective lens, The present invention is characterized in that it includes an interlocking mechanism that rotates the third optical unit by an angle α with respect to the optical axis of the objective lens.

〔発明の効果〕〔Effect of the invention〕

本発明は上述の通シ、ダハプリズムを含まず一般の直角
プリズムのみによって像正立系を形成し、またこれらの
プリズムの連動機構が簡単であシ製造コストを安くする
ことができ、しかも良好な視珈像を得ることができる利
点を有する。さらに、本発明は、特に連動機構の運動を
妨げる構成を含まないから広い角度範囲にわたって観察
者の規準方向を変えることができる利点を有する。The present invention forms an erect image system using only general right-angle prisms without including the above-mentioned roof prism, and the interlocking mechanism of these prisms is simple, reducing manufacturing costs and producing a good quality image. It has the advantage of being able to obtain optic images. Furthermore, the present invention has the advantage of being able to change the observer's reference direction over a wide angular range, especially since it does not include any configuration that impedes movement of the interlocking mechanism.

〔実施例〕〔Example〕

以下、図面に基いて本発明の詳細な説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in detail based on the drawings.

実施例の双眼顕微鋼は、第１図ないし第３図に示すよう
に、／対の対物レンズ１．ＩＩ　と、対物レンズ１．１
＃　　の射出光軸１＾、ＩＡＩ　上に配置されたｌ対の
直角プリズム２，２−　とを収容するユニットハウジン
グ！、そして直角プリズム２，２Ｉの射出光軸２Ａ、２
＾Ｉ　上に配置された直角プリズム３，３Ｉ　をそれぞ
れ収容するユニットハウジングＩ、ｌＩ＃　　を包含し
、ユニットハウジング■。As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the binocular microscope steel of the embodiment includes a pair of objective lenses 1. II and objective lens 1.1
A unit housing that accommodates an exit optical axis 1^ of #, and l pairs of right angle prisms 2, 2- arranged on IAI! , and the exit optical axes 2A, 2 of the right angle prisms 2, 2I
The unit housing ■ includes unit housings I and lI# respectively accommodating right angle prisms 3 and 3I arranged on ^I.

璽Ｉ　はそれぞれ光軸２　Ａ　、　２　Ａｔ　　を中心
にして回転回能にユニットハウジングＩに取付けられて
いる０ 直角プリズム３．３Ｉ　の射出光軸３　Ａ　、　３　Ａ
’上にはそれぞれ直角プリズム４，４Ｉ　が配置され、
Ｍ角プリズム４，４Ｉ　はユニットハウジング■。The seal I is the exit optical axis 3A, 3A of the right angle prism 3.3I, which is attached to the unit housing I in a rotational manner about the optical axis 2A, 2At, respectively.
'Right angle prisms 4 and 4I are arranged above, respectively.
M-angle prisms 4 and 4I are unit housing ■.

電′　に光軸３　Ａ　、　３　Ａ’　　を中心にして回
転可能に取付けられたユニットハウジング［、Ｉ−にそ
れぞれ収容されている。They are respectively housed in unit housings [, I-] which are rotatably attached to the optical axis 3A and 3A'.

ユニットハウシングＩ、曹、には、直角プリズム４，４
′　　の射出光軸４　Ａ　、　４　Ａ’　　を中心にし
て回転可能にユニットハウジングｗ　、　ｙ’　　が取
付けられ、ユニットハウジングｗ　、　ｗ’　　はそれ
ぞれ光＠４Ａ、４Ａ’　　上に配置された菱形プリズム
５゜５′　及び菱形プリズム５，５Ｉ　の射出光軸５＾
。Unit housing I, C0, has right angle prisms 4 and 4.
Unit housings w, y' are rotatably mounted around the emission optical axes 4A, 4A' of 4A', and the unit housings w, w' are connected to the rhombic prisms 5 disposed above the lights @4A, 4A', respectively.゜5' and the emission optical axis 5^ of the rhombic prisms 5, 5I
.

５　Ａ’　　上に配置された接眼レンズ６．６Ｉ　を収
容している。ユニットハウジングＩ（Ｉ＃）　　にはま
九、第９図に示すように、光軸２Ａ（２＾′）を中心と
して第１ヤヤ７（７’）　　が固着され、またユニット
ハウジング厘（Ｉ′）には光軸３　Ａ　（３Ａ’）を中
心として第コギャａ（ｓ’）　　が固着され、第１ギヤ
７（７’）と第コギャ８（８′）とは噛合っている。カ
バー１０　（１０’）及びプリズム保持部ｔ　ｏ　（ｔ
ａ’）からなるユニットハウジングＩ（１’）Ｋはプリ
ズム３（３Ｉ）が取付けられ、ユニットハウジングＩ（
ＩＩ’）はその一方の開口部１２　（１２’）において
ユニットハウジングＩ（１’）Ｋ回動自在に取付けられ
、他方の開口部１４　（１４’）にはユニットハウジン
グ菖（１’）　　が回動自在に取付けられている。It houses an eyepiece 6.6I placed on 5A'. As shown in Fig. 9, the first wire 7 (7') is fixed to the unit housing I (I#) with the optical axis 2A (2^') as the center, and the unit housing (I' ) is fixed to the optical axis 3 A (3A') with a gear a(s') as the center, and the first gear 7 (7') and the gear 8 (8') are in mesh with each other. Cover 10 (10') and prism holding part to (t
A unit housing I (1')K consisting of a') is equipped with a prism 3 (3I), and a unit housing I (
The unit housing I (1') is rotatably mounted in one opening 12 (12'), and the unit housing iris (1') is rotatably mounted in the other opening 14 (14'). It is mounted so that it can move freely.

以上の構成において、観察者の規準方向すなわち接眼レ
ンズ６（６’）　　の射出光軸ａ　Ａ　（６Ａ’）を、
第：ｌＡ図に示す光軸ＩＡ（ＩＡ’）と平行な位置から
、第２８図に示す光軸ＩＡ（ＩＡ’）と角度θをなす位
置となるまで移動させると、第１ギヤ７と第２ギヤ８と
の噛合い作動によって、直角プリズム３（３′）は第２
八図に示す光軸ＩＡ（ＩＡ’）と直角をなす位置から第
２８図に示す角度θ／コだけ回動した位置となる。ここ
で、ｆリズム２＃３＃４（２’＄３１　、４１）　　の
回転位置関係をプリズム３を基準セして見ると、第２Ａ
図に示す位置に対し、プリズム２（２Ｉ）は光軸２Ａ（
２Ａ’）を中心にして反時計方向に角度θ／コだけ回転
し、プリズム４（４’）　　は光軸３＾（３Ａ’）を中
心にして時計方向に角度θ／コだけ回転しているから、
プリズムｚ、３（ｚ′　。In the above configuration, the reference direction of the observer, that is, the exit optical axis a A (6A') of the eyepiece lens 6 (6') is
When the first gear 7 and the Due to the meshing operation with the second gear 8, the right angle prism 3 (3')
The position is rotated by an angle θ/c shown in FIG. 28 from a position perpendicular to the optical axis IA (IA') shown in FIG. Here, if we look at the rotational positional relationship of f rhythm 2#3#4 (2'$31, 41) with prism 3 set as a reference, we can see that the 2nd A
With respect to the position shown in the figure, the prism 2 (2I) has an optical axis 2A (
2A') is rotated counterclockwise by an angle θ/c, and prism 4 (4') is rotated clockwise by an angle θ/c about the optical axis 3^ (3A'). from,
Prism z, 3 (z'.

３’）間で生じた像の倒れはプリズム３．４（３′。The collapse of the image that occurred between prism 3.4 (3').

４′）間で補償され、常に正立像が形成されるととＫな
る。これらの関係は第３０図に示すように１光＠　Ｉ　
Ａ　（ＩＡ’）と６　Ａ　（６Ａ’）のなす角度θＩ　
が９００以上になった場合にも同じように維持される。4'), and an erect image is always formed. These relationships are as shown in Figure 30.
Angle θI between A (IA') and 6 A (6A')
It is maintained in the same way even if it becomes 900 or more.

一方、上記構成における眼幅調整はユニットハウシング
Ｗ（Ｆ／’）　　をユニットハウジングＩ　、　Ｉ’に
対し光軸４　Ａ　、　４　Ａ’　　を中心セして回転さ
せることによって行われる。On the other hand, the interpupillary distance adjustment in the above configuration is performed by rotating the unit housing W (F/') with respect to the unit housings I, I' about the optical axes 4 A, 4 A'.

なお、前述の実施例では、接眼レンズ射出光軸６Ａ（６
Ａ’）は互に平行になるように構成されているが、直角
プリズム４（４’）　　の代ＤＫ光軸３Ａ（３Ａ’）を
９０°よシ小さい角度で反射偏向させるプリズムを使用
すれば、接眼レンズ射出光軸６Ａ（６Ａ’　）を対物レ
ンズＴ（Ｉ’）　　側の所定位置で交差させて内方視状
態とすることも可能である。さらに、直角プリズム４（
４’）　　の反射光軸４Ａ（４Ａ’）は互に平行のまま
にしておき、菱形プリズム５（５Ｉ）により内方視させ
るように構成してもよい０In addition, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the eyepiece lens exit optical axis 6A (6
A') are configured to be parallel to each other, but if a prism that reflects and deflects the DK optical axis 3A (3A') at an angle smaller than 90° is used for the right angle prism 4 (4'). It is also possible to make the eyepiece lens exit optical axis 6A (6A') intersect at a predetermined position on the objective lens T (I') side to provide an inward viewing state. Furthermore, a right angle prism 4 (
The reflection optical axes 4A (4A') of 4') may be left parallel to each other and configured to be viewed inward by a rhombic prism 5 (5I).

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

！／図は本発明の実施例の光学系の正面図、第２八図な
いし第２０図は第１図に示す光学、系の側面図であシそ
れぞれの観察者による規準方向を異ならせておシ、第３
図は第１図に示す光学系の平面図、第り図は第２Ａ図の
線Ｙ−Ｙに沿った断面図である。 １　、　ｔ’　：対物レンズ ２　、２’　　：直角プリズム ３　、　ａ’　：直角プリズム ４　、４’　：直角プリズム ５．５′：菱形プリズム ｓ　、　ｓ’　：接眼レンズ ７　：第１ギヤ ８　：第ａギヤ １００：カバ一部材! Figure 1 is a front view of the optical system according to the embodiment of the present invention, and Figures 28 to 20 are side views of the optical system shown in Figure 1. shi, 3rd
This figure is a plan view of the optical system shown in FIG. 1, and the second figure is a sectional view taken along line Y--Y in FIG. 2A. 1, t': Objective lens 2, 2': Right angle prism 3, a': Right angle prism 4, 4': Right angle prism 5.5': Rhombic prism s, s': Eyepiece 7: First gear 8: First gear a gear 100: cover part

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] １対の観察系を有する双眼顕微鏡において、夫夫の観察
系が、対物レンズと、該対物レンズからの光束を９０°
反射偏向させる第１反射部材を有する第１光学ユニット
と、第１光学ユニットの射出光束を２回反射させて１８
０°偏向させる第２反射部材を有する第２光学ユニット
と、第２光学ユニットの射出光束を反射偏向させる第３
反射部材及び第３反射部材の反射光軸上に配置された接
眼レンズ部を有する第３光学ユニットとを包含し、第２
光学ユニットを第１光学ユニットの射出光軸を中心にし
て回転可能に第１光学ユニットに取付け、第３光学ユニ
ットを第２光学ユニットの射出光軸を中心にして回転可
能に第２光学ユニットに取付け、さらに、第２光学ユニ
ットを上記対物レンズの光軸に関し角度α回転させると
き、第３光学ユニットを上記対物レンズの光軸に関し角
度２α回転させる連動機構を備えたことを特徴とする双
眼顕微鏡。In a binocular microscope that has a pair of observation systems, the husband's observation system rotates the objective lens and the light flux from the objective lens at 90°.
A first optical unit having a first reflecting member that reflects and deflects the beam and reflects the emitted light beam of the first optical unit twice.
a second optical unit having a second reflecting member that deflects the beam by 0°; and a third optical unit that reflects and deflects the emitted light beam of the second optical unit.
a third optical unit having a reflective member and an eyepiece portion disposed on the reflective optical axis of the third reflective member;
The optical unit is rotatably attached to the first optical unit around the exit optical axis of the first optical unit, and the third optical unit is attached to the second optical unit so as to be rotatable around the exit optical axis of the second optical unit. A binocular microscope characterized in that the binocular microscope is equipped with an interlocking mechanism that rotates the third optical unit by an angle 2α with respect to the optical axis of the objective lens when the second optical unit is rotated by an angle α with respect to the optical axis of the objective lens. .