JPS61169157A - Electrical heating method of refractory wall for molten metal - Google Patents
Electrical heating method of refractory wall for molten metalInfo
- Publication number
- JPS61169157A JPS61169157A JP983685A JP983685A JPS61169157A JP S61169157 A JPS61169157 A JP S61169157A JP 983685 A JP983685 A JP 983685A JP 983685 A JP983685 A JP 983685A JP S61169157 A JPS61169157 A JP S61169157A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle
- electrode
- immersion nozzle
- refractory wall
- heating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
- B22D41/60—Pouring-nozzles with heating or cooling means
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
- Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
- Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
（産業上の利用分野）
本発明は電気伝導性を有する炭素含有耐火物自体に電流
を供給し、抵抗熱（ジュール熱）による発熱を利用して
該耐火物を加熱する耐火物の通電加熱方法に関するもの
であり、溶融金属の流通管あるいは容器の耐火壁の加熱
に用いて有効である。Detailed Description of the Invention (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention supplies electric current to a carbon-containing refractory itself having electrical conductivity, and heats the refractory using heat generated by resistance heat (Joule heat). The present invention relates to a method for energizing refractories to heat refractories, and is effective for heating molten metal flow pipes or refractory walls of containers.
（従来技術）
例えば連続鋳造法によって溶鋼から鋳片を製造−］−
する場合、鋼品質上の要語から溶鋼流と大気この接触を
避けるため溶鋼取鍋とタンディツシュ間、タンディツシ
ュとモールド間を耐火物製の長円筒形の耐火管、即ちロ
ングノズル、浸漬ノズルを用いていわゆる断気鋳造を行
なっている。これらのノズルは鋳込開始時に高温溶鋼が
その細長い内孔部を通過する際に、熱衝撃をうけるので
高耐熱衝撃性が要求され、また溶鋼による摩耗や溶鋼成
分、パウダー成分この反応に対し高耐食性も要求される
。従ってこれらのノズルの材質としてはアルミナＰ炭素
のような中性材料がもっている化学的安定性と炭素（黒
鉛）の低膨張性とを利用したアルミナ−カーボン質が多
く使用されている。(Prior art) For example, when producing slabs from molten steel using the continuous casting method, fireproofing should be used between the molten steel ladle and the tundish, and between the tundish and the mold, to avoid contact between the molten steel flow and the atmosphere due to important considerations regarding steel quality. So-called insulation casting is carried out using a long cylindrical refractory tube made of wood, that is, a long nozzle or a submerged nozzle. These nozzles are required to have high thermal shock resistance because they are subjected to thermal shock when high-temperature molten steel passes through the long and narrow inner hole at the start of casting. Corrosion resistance is also required. Therefore, alumina-carbon materials are often used as materials for these nozzles, taking advantage of the chemical stability of neutral materials such as alumina P-carbon and the low expansion properties of carbon (graphite).
一方、連続鋳造では鋳造中の溶鋼温度が鋳入初期及び末
期に低下しその際、ノズル内壁に地金が大量に付着し安
定な鋳造が困難になることが多い。On the other hand, in continuous casting, the temperature of the molten steel during casting decreases at the beginning and end of casting, and at that time, a large amount of base metal adheres to the inner wall of the nozzle, making stable casting often difficult.
従来これを防止する方法としては鋳造盆いったん停止し
ノズル内孔を酸素洗浄することによって地金を除去し再
訓造を行なう方法も採用されているが、この方法では鋳
造中断部の鋼に非金属介在物が増大し、銅の品質劣化を
引き起こすことがあっての対策が切望されていた。Conventionally, a method to prevent this has been to stop the casting tray and clean the inside hole of the nozzle with oxygen to remove the bare metal and re-shape, but this method does not damage the steel at the interrupted part of the casting. There is a need for countermeasures against the increase in metal inclusions, which can lead to deterioration in the quality of copper.
ノズル内壁への地金付着は、ノズル外壁の温度と密接な
関係があり、例えば第３図に示すようにノズル外壁温度
が高い程地金付着量が少ない。The amount of metal deposited on the inner wall of the nozzle is closely related to the temperature of the outer wall of the nozzle. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the higher the temperature of the outer nozzle wall, the smaller the amount of metal deposited.
しだがってノズル耐火壁からの熱放散を減少させたり、
ノズル耐火壁自体を積極的に加熱すれば地金付着量を減
少できることが知られている。thus reducing heat dissipation from the nozzle firewall,
It is known that the amount of metal deposited can be reduced by actively heating the nozzle fireproof wall itself.
従来、この知見に基づいて導電性のある物質からなるノ
ズル壁に電極を当接して通電し、該ノズルを抵抗熱によ
る発熱により直接的に加熱し、地金付着を減少させる方
法（特開昭５５−６４．８５７）も試みられている。Conventionally, based on this knowledge, a method has been proposed in which an electrode is brought into contact with a nozzle wall made of a conductive material and electricity is applied to directly heat the nozzle by heat generated by resistance heat to reduce metal adhesion (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 55-64.857) has also been attempted.
この通電加熱方法において用いられている電極は銅電極
あるいは炭素電極であり、これをノズル外壁に均一に面
接触させるように形成することは難しい。The electrodes used in this current heating method are copper electrodes or carbon electrodes, and it is difficult to form them so that they are in uniform surface contact with the outer wall of the nozzle.
したがって均一でかつ安定した通電ができず、加熱効率
も低く電力消費が大きいという欠点を残している。Therefore, it is not possible to conduct electricity uniformly and stably, and the heating efficiency is low, resulting in high power consumption.
（発明が解決しようとする問題点）
本発明は上記のノズルのような例えば炭素を含有し導電
性を有する耐火物からなる溶融金属流通管あるいは容器
の耐火壁の通電加熱（ｌｃおける上記従来の欠点を解消
するためになされたものである。(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) The present invention solves the problem of the above-mentioned conventional method in which electrical heating of a fireproof wall of a molten metal flow pipe or container made of a carbon-containing, electrically conductive refractory, such as the above-mentioned nozzle, is achieved. This was done to eliminate the shortcomings.
（問題点を解消するだめの手段）
本発明は、溶融金属用の流通管あるいは容器の導電物質
からなる耐火壁の外表面と電極間に該削火壁と固有電気
抵抗値が同等もしくは不埒い可縮性の導電性物体を密に
介在させ、この導電体によって該耐火壁と該電極間にお
ける通電性全良好にしだところに特徴を有する。(Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention provides a structure between the outer surface of a refractory wall made of a conductive material of a flow pipe or container for molten metal and an electrode, which has a specific electrical resistance equal to or unfavorable to that of the refractory wall. It is characterized in that a compressible electrically conductive material is closely interposed, and this electrical conductor ensures good electrical conductivity between the fireproof wall and the electrode.
以下に本発明を第１図〜第２図に示す本発明実施装置例
に基づいて説明する。本実施装置例は、本発明を連続鋳
造用の浸漬ノズルの通電加熱装置において適用した場合
のものである。The present invention will be explained below based on an example of an apparatus for carrying out the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. This example of an apparatus is a case where the present invention is applied to an energization heating apparatus for a immersion nozzle for continuous casting.
第１図において、１はタンディツシュ２はタンディツシ
ュ１の底部に取付けた浸漬ノズルでその先端は、鋳型４
内に位置するようになっており連続鋳造中は鋳型４内の
溶鋼中Ｓ′に浸漬された状態でタンディツシュ１から溶
鋼Ｓを鋳型４内に流通させるものである。In Figure 1, 1 is a tundish 2 is a submerged nozzle attached to the bottom of tundish 1, and its tip is connected to a mold 4.
During continuous casting, the molten steel S flows from the tundish 1 into the mold 4 while being immersed in the molten steel S' in the mold 4.
５は鋳型上部に設けた本発明を実施する浸漬ノズル加熱
用の通電加熱装置の支持体であり、この支持体５の中央
部に浸漬ノズルが挿通する空間部が形成されており、こ
の空間部を挾んで一対の電極Ｃ，Ｃ’が電極支持装置と
しての油圧シリンダーにより該空間部に対して水平方向
に進退し、その位置を調整できるように支持されている
。Reference numeral 5 denotes a support for an energization heating device for heating an immersion nozzle according to the present invention, which is provided on the upper part of the mold, and a space is formed in the center of the support 5 through which the immersion nozzle is inserted. A pair of electrodes C and C' are supported by a hydraulic cylinder serving as an electrode support device so as to be able to move forward and backward in the horizontal direction with respect to the space and adjust their positions.
これらの電極Ｃ，Ｃ’の上下方向の位置は浸漬ノズルが
溶鋼Ｓを鋳型４に流通させる位置にあるとき、浸漬ノズ
ル２の大気冷却域を通電加熱できる位置になっている。The vertical positions of these electrodes C and C' are such that when the immersion nozzle is in a position where the molten steel S flows through the mold 4, the atmospheric cooling area of the immersion nozzle 2 can be heated by electricity.
又これらの電極Ｃ’、Ｃ’は電源１１に導線１０により
接続された銅電極６と炭素電極７から彦り、前記空間部
に面する炭素電極７の先端面は浸漬ノズルの外周面に対
応する凹曲面を有し、この凹曲面には可縮性の導電性物
体８が貼着されている。Further, these electrodes C' and C' extend from a copper electrode 6 and a carbon electrode 7 which are connected to a power source 11 by a conductive wire 10, and the tip surface of the carbon electrode 7 facing the space corresponds to the outer peripheral surface of the immersion nozzle. It has a concave curved surface, and a contractible conductive object 8 is adhered to this concave curved surface.
かくして本発明の通電加熱方法を実施する場合は、先ず
タンディツシュ１を下ろし、浸漬ノズル＝５−
２の先端部を鋳型４内に位置させる。Thus, when carrying out the electrical heating method of the present invention, first the tundish 1 is lowered and the tip of the immersion nozzle 5-2 is positioned within the mold 4.
この時浸漬ノズル２０大気冷却域は一対のｔｆ＋極Ｃ，
Ｃ’間に形成される空間部に位置する。At this time, the atmospheric cooling region of the immersion nozzle 20 has a pair of tf+poles C,
It is located in the space formed between C'.
ついで電極支持装置９を作動して電極Ｃ，Ｃ’で浸漬ノ
ズル２を挾み押圧状態にして固定し、電極の導電性物体
８を浸漬ノズル２の外周面と炭素電極７に密に接触させ
るこの状態で電源ｌ］から銅電極６、炭素電極マ、導電
性物体８を経て浸漬ノズル２に通電し、該浸漬ノズル２
の電気抵抗熱による発熱を利用して、該浸漬ノズル２を
昇温させる。Next, the electrode support device 9 is activated to hold the immersion nozzle 2 between the electrodes C and C' and fix it in a pressed state, so that the conductive object 8 of the electrode is brought into close contact with the outer peripheral surface of the immersion nozzle 2 and the carbon electrode 7. In this state, electricity is applied from the power source 1 to the immersion nozzle 2 via the copper electrode 6, the carbon electrode 1, and the conductive object 8, and the immersion nozzle 2
The temperature of the immersion nozzle 2 is raised using heat generated by electric resistance heat.
浸漬ノズル２に所定時間通電後、タンディツシュｌ底部
のスライディングノズル３を開状態にしてタンディツシ
ュ１内の溶鋼Ｓを浸漬ノズル２を経て鋳型４内に流通さ
せ鋳造作業を開始する。After energizing the immersion nozzle 2 for a predetermined period of time, the sliding nozzle 3 at the bottom of the tundish 1 is opened to allow the molten steel S in the tundish 1 to flow through the immersion nozzle 2 into the mold 4 to start casting work.
鋳造作業中浸漬ノズル２への通電を継続し浸漬ノズル２
における溶鋼の温度降下を防止して、浸漬ノズル２内２
０への地金付着を軽減する。During casting work, electricity is continued to be applied to the immersion nozzle 2.
In order to prevent the temperature drop of the molten steel in the immersion nozzle 2,
Reduces metal adhesion to 0.
タンディツシュ１から鋳型４への溶鋼Ｓ供給を終了した
ら浸漬ノズル２への通電を停止し、電極支持装置９を作
動して浸漬ノズル２から電極Ｃ１Ｃ′を退避させ通電加
熱作業を終了する。When the supply of molten steel S from the tundish 1 to the mold 4 is finished, the energization to the immersion nozzle 2 is stopped, and the electrode support device 9 is activated to evacuate the electrode C1C' from the immersion nozzle 2, thereby completing the energization heating operation.
本発明における可縮性の導電性物体としては例えば炭素
積層体、炭素繊維積層体等の炭素質物質あるいは炭素質
物質を含有するセラミックスファイバーなどが好適であ
り、その他ＺｒＢ２． ＴｉＢ２ 等の良導電性耐火
物の繊維積層体などが用いられる。Suitable examples of the compressible conductive object in the present invention include carbonaceous materials such as carbon laminates and carbon fiber laminates, and ceramic fibers containing carbonaceous materials. A fiber laminate of a highly conductive refractory such as TiB2 is used.
また高融点金属及び合金の繊維積層体であっても同様で
あるこれらの固有電気、抵抗値は通電効率を低下させな
いため被加熱耐火物の固有電気抵抗値と同等ないしは小
さいことが望捷しい。The same is true for fiber laminates made of high-melting point metals and alloys, and it is desirable that their specific electrical resistance values be equal to or smaller than the specific electrical resistance value of the refractory to be heated, so as not to reduce current conduction efficiency.
又、本発明で加熱対象とする耐火物は、炭素等の導電性
物質を含有している必要があり、高温溶融金属と接触す
るので、耐熱性、側熱衝撃性、耐食性等の特性を満足す
るものである必要がある。In addition, the refractory to be heated in the present invention must contain a conductive substance such as carbon, and since it comes into contact with high-temperature molten metal, it must satisfy properties such as heat resistance, side thermal shock resistance, and corrosion resistance. It needs to be something that does.
例えば炭素・アルミナ系の耐火物等が適している。For example, carbon/alumina-based refractories are suitable.
（実施例）
本発明を連続調造用浸漬ノズルに適用した例について述
べる。(Example) An example in which the present invention is applied to a continuous preparation immersion nozzle will be described.
通電加熱装置の構成は第１図に示したものと略同様であ
る。The configuration of the electrical heating device is substantially the same as that shown in FIG.
浸漬ノズル２は炭素・アルミナ系の耐火物、で形成した
。この耐火物の固有電気抵抗値ｄ［］、 ｏ−２Ωｍ、
である。The immersion nozzle 2 was made of carbon/alumina refractory material. Specific electrical resistance value of this refractory d[], o-2Ωm,
It is.
通電加熱装置の銅電極６は高温の浸漬ノズルからの熱伝
導により高温化し、損傷するのを防ぐため、フィン構造
１２を有し放熱面積を太きくした。The copper electrode 6 of the current heating device has a fin structure 12 and has a large heat dissipation area in order to prevent the copper electrode 6 from increasing in temperature and being damaged due to heat conduction from the high-temperature immersion nozzle.
炭素電極７の固有電気抵抗値は］Ｏ−４Ωｍである。The specific electrical resistance value of the carbon electrode 7 is ]O-4Ωm.
斤おこの炭素電極７と銅電極６とはピッチにより接合し
た。The carbon electrode 7 and the copper electrode 6 of the oven were joined by a pitch.
炭素電極７の端面に（は炭素４截維をピッチにより積層
してなる可縮性の炭素繊維積層体８を当接し、接着テー
プで固定した。A compressible carbon fiber laminate 8 made of carbon 4 cut fibers laminated at a pitch was brought into contact with the end face of the carbon electrode 7 and fixed with an adhesive tape.
この炭素繊維積層体８の固有電気抵抗値は］、Ｏ−４Ω
（７）である。又、この炭素繊維積層体８は］、ＯＫ９
／７の圧力で約４％体積収縮する可縮性のものである。The specific electrical resistance value of this carbon fiber laminate 8 is] O-4Ω
(7). Moreover, this carbon fiber laminate 8 is ], OK9
It is a compressible material that shrinks in volume by about 4% at a pressure of /7.
このような構″成になる電極を電４全支持装置９を作動
して一対の電極Ｃ，Ｃ’で浸漬ノズルを挾み、］、 Ｏ
Ｋｇ／ｃｄの圧力で加圧状態で電極Ｃ，Ｃ’を固定した
。Activate the electrode 4 support device 9 to sandwich the immersion nozzle between the pair of electrodes C and C', ], O
Electrodes C and C' were fixed under pressure at a pressure of Kg/cd.
浸漬ノズル２と電極Ｃ，Ｃ’間の炭素繊維積層体８は圧
縮され、浸漬ノズル２と炭素繊維積層体８間の密着性が
保持された。The carbon fiber laminate 8 between the immersion nozzle 2 and the electrodes C and C' was compressed, and the adhesion between the immersion nozzle 2 and the carbon fiber laminate 8 was maintained.
この状態で電源１１から最大３０Ｖで最大３００ＯＡの
電流を通電した。その結果、浸漬ノズルの表面の温度は
３０分後１５００℃に昇温した。In this state, a maximum current of 30V and a maximum of 300OA was applied from the power supply 11. As a result, the temperature of the surface of the immersion nozzle rose to 1500° C. after 30 minutes.
この時の電極Ｃ，Ｃ’における温度に浸漬ノズル表面温
度を最高として銅電極６の後端において最低となり約１
００℃を示した。At this time, the temperature at the electrodes C and C' is the highest at the surface temperature of the immersion nozzle, and the lowest at the rear end of the copper electrode 6, which is about 1
It showed 00℃.
そして、タンディツシュ１底部のスライディングノズル
３を開操作して、タンディツシュｌ内の溶鋼Ｓを浸漬ノ
ズル２を経て鋳型４に供給し、鋳造作業を実施した。Then, the sliding nozzle 3 at the bottom of the tundish 1 was opened, and the molten steel S in the tundish 1 was supplied to the mold 4 through the immersion nozzle 2, and casting work was performed.
鋳造作業中通電加熱を継続し、鋳造末期に通電を停止し
電極支持装置９を作動して電極Ｃ，Ｃ’を退避させ、通
電加熱を終了した。Electrical heating was continued during the casting operation, and at the end of casting, the electric current was stopped, the electrode support device 9 was activated, the electrodes C and C' were evacuated, and the electrical heating was ended.
本実施例による通電加熱結果を比較例と共に第１表に示
す。The results of energization heating according to this example are shown in Table 1 along with comparative examples.
比較例Ａは浸漬ノズルと炭素電極間に可縮性導電性物質
を介在させない場合のもので、他は本実流側と同じ構成
とした。Comparative Example A is a case in which no compressible conductive material is interposed between the immersion nozzle and the carbon electrode, and the other configuration is the same as the actual flow side.
又比較例Ｂは浸漬ノズルを通電加熱しない場合のもので
ある。Comparative Example B is a case where the immersion nozzle is not heated by electricity.
第１表
上表に示されるように本発明の実施例では浸漬ノズルの
外表面温度は３０分で１５００℃まで昇温しだが、比較
例Ａの場合は１０００℃までしか昇温せず通電を継続し
ても１０００℃以上に昇温しなかった。As shown in the upper table of Table 1, in the example of the present invention, the temperature of the outer surface of the submerged nozzle rose to 1500°C in 30 minutes, but in the case of Comparative Example A, the temperature rose only to 1000°C and no electricity was applied. Even if the test was continued, the temperature did not rise above 1000°C.
又本発明の実施例では浸漬ノズル内壁の地金付着量は比
較例への一以下に軽減された。Further, in the example of the present invention, the amount of metal deposited on the inner wall of the immersion nozzle was reduced to one or less compared to the comparative example.
（発明の効果）
本発明においては被加熱体である耐火壁と電極間に可縮
性の導電性物体を介在させ電極と耐火壁間の密着性を良
好にしたので、通電効率が大巾に向上し、短時間で通電
加熱による耐火壁の昇温限界を大巾に拡大することがで
き、該耐火壁における高温溶融金属による熱衝撃゛を有
利に緩和して損傷を軽減すると共に地金付着を減少する
ことができ、溶融金属処理の歩留の向上、作業の安定化
、生産性の向上ができる。(Effects of the Invention) In the present invention, a compressible conductive object is interposed between the fireproof wall, which is the object to be heated, and the electrode to improve the adhesion between the electrode and the fireproof wall, so the current conduction efficiency is greatly improved. It is possible to greatly expand the temperature rise limit of fireproof walls due to electrical heating in a short time, advantageously alleviating the thermal shock caused by high temperature molten metal on the fireproof walls, reducing damage and preventing base metal adhesion. It is possible to improve the yield of molten metal processing, stabilize work, and improve productivity.
又、通電効率が良く、電力消費量が少なくて済みコスト
低減となる。In addition, the current flow efficiency is high, and the amount of power consumed is small, resulting in cost reduction.
等優れた効果が得られる。Excellent effects can be obtained.
第１図は本発明を実施する通電加熱装置等の一部切欠断
面説明図、第２図は第１図１−１’線矢視説明図、第３
図は浸漬ノズルの加熱温度と、地金付着量この関係を示
す説明図である。
２・・・浸漬ノズル ５・・・支持体６・・・銅
電極 ７・・・炭素電極８・・・可縮性導電
性物体 ９・・・電極支持装置コＯパ・導線
１１・・・電源φ
Ｏ
り八ｎ
Ｉ′
２−−−一浸漬ノズル
５−・−支持体
６−−−− ＠電縫
７−・・炭搬電締
８−・−可縮性導電性物体
９−−−一電柚皮特装置
ｔｏ−−−一導 繞
ｒｔ−−−一 重 ント１−Fig. 1 is an explanatory partially cutaway cross-sectional view of an energization heating device etc. that implements the present invention, Fig. 2 is an explanatory view taken along the line 1-1' in Fig. 1, and Fig.
The figure is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the heating temperature of the immersion nozzle and the amount of deposited metal. 2... Immersion nozzle 5... Support body 6... Copper electrode 7... Carbon electrode 8... Contractible conductive object 9... Electrode support device Copa/conducting wire
11... Power supply φ O Ri 8 n I' 2---Immersion nozzle 5--Support 6--@Electrical sewing 7--Charcoal-carried electric clamp 8--Compressible conductive Object 9---Iden Yuzubari special equipment to---Ichidou rt---Ichinoki rt 1-
Claims (1)
は、容器の耐火壁に通電し、該耐火壁を電気抵抗による
発熱を利用して昇温させるに際し、該耐火壁と電極間に
可縮性の導電性物体を介在させ、この可縮性の導電性物
体を介して電極から該耐火壁に通電することを特徴とす
る溶融金属用耐火壁の通電加熱方法。When electricity is applied to a flow pipe for molten metal formed of a conductive material or a refractory wall of a container to raise the temperature of the refractory wall using heat generated by electrical resistance, a compressible material is placed between the refractory wall and the electrode. 1. A method for energizing and heating a fireproof wall for molten metal, characterized by interposing a conductive object and passing electricity from an electrode to the fireproof wall through the contractible conductive object.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP983685A JPS61169157A (en) | 1985-01-24 | 1985-01-24 | Electrical heating method of refractory wall for molten metal |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP983685A JPS61169157A (en) | 1985-01-24 | 1985-01-24 | Electrical heating method of refractory wall for molten metal |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS61169157A true JPS61169157A (en) | 1986-07-30 |
| JPS6343192B2 JPS6343192B2 (en) | 1988-08-29 |
Family
ID=11731209
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP983685A Granted JPS61169157A (en) | 1985-01-24 | 1985-01-24 | Electrical heating method of refractory wall for molten metal |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS61169157A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01100652U (en) * | 1987-12-24 | 1989-07-06 | ||
| JPH01279589A (en) * | 1988-04-30 | 1989-11-09 | Hoya Corp | Heating device |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5858236A (en) * | 1981-10-01 | 1983-04-06 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Electrode for electrical heat treatment |
-
1985
- 1985-01-24 JP JP983685A patent/JPS61169157A/en active Granted
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5858236A (en) * | 1981-10-01 | 1983-04-06 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Electrode for electrical heat treatment |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01100652U (en) * | 1987-12-24 | 1989-07-06 | ||
| JPH01279589A (en) * | 1988-04-30 | 1989-11-09 | Hoya Corp | Heating device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6343192B2 (en) | 1988-08-29 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |