JPS61152218A - Effective utilization of rice hull - Google Patents

Abstract

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた
め要約のデータは記録されません。(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は籾乾燥調製時に大量に産出される籾殻をきのこ
生産の培地として使用し、その残渣（廃ほだ）を農林業
の生産分野に有効に再利用する方法に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method of using rice husks produced in large quantities during the drying and preparation of rice as a medium for mushroom production, and effectively reusing the residue (waste husks) in the production field of agriculture and forestry. .

本発明はまず籾殻をフスマ・ヌカ等の栄養源あるいはさ
らに他の有機資材等と混合してきのこ培地とし、これを
殺菌後植菌して培養を行ないきのこを生産し、ついでそ
の残渣（廃ほだ）を燃料、床土原料、堆肥水分調整材、
家畜敷料あるいは飼料等として有効に高度利用する方法
に関する。The present invention first mixes rice husks with nutritional sources such as bran and bran or other organic materials to make a mushroom culture medium, which is then sterilized, inoculated and cultured to produce mushrooms. ) as fuel, bed soil raw material, compost moisture adjustment material,
This article relates to a method of effectively and highly utilizing it as livestock bedding or feed.

従来技術 籾殻は籾摺りにより大量に産出され共同乾燥調製施設で
は勿論のこと個人農家においてもその処理に困窮し単に
これを圃場で焼却し灰として処分することが多く、その
ため煙公害の問題も発生している。近年、籾殻利用技術
として米麦等の乾燥用燃料として使用する例も現われ、
あるいは育苗用床土の不足に伴ない籾殻によるくん炭を
つくりこれと焼土と混合した床土の製造、さらには堆肥
の水分調整材、藁の代用としての敷料、アンモニヤ添加
などによる飼料化、水田暗渠排水用充填材などへの利用
の例がある。Conventional technology Rice husks are produced in large quantities by hulling, and it is difficult to dispose of them not only in communal drying facilities but also in individual farmers, so they are often simply incinerated in the field and disposed of as ash, which also causes smoke pollution problems. ing. In recent years, examples of using rice husk as a fuel for drying rice, wheat, etc. have appeared,
Or, due to the lack of bed soil for raising seedlings, we can make charcoal from rice husks and mix it with baked soil to make bed soil, and we can also use it as feed by adding ammonia, etc. as a moisture control material for compost, as bedding material in place of straw, etc. There are examples of its use as filling material for draining rice field culverts.

前述の籾殻利用の従来技術は煙公害の解決に役立つもの
ではある□が、籾殻を１回かぎり利用する技術であって
、今後の我が国の有機資材枯渇の状勢を考慮すれば、資
源の高度な有効利用と経済的有利性を追求しなければな
らない。そのための問題点として、■可能なかぎり資源
をくりかえし利用する方法が必要であり、また、■飼料
あるいは堆肥の水分調整材として利用する時に障害とな
る籾殻中の難分解物質のリグニンを除去することが必要
とされている。The conventional technology of using rice husks mentioned above is useful for solving smoke pollution□, but it is a technology that uses rice husks only once, and considering the future depletion of organic materials in Japan, it is difficult to use advanced resources. Effective utilization and economic advantage must be pursued. The problems with this are: ■ It is necessary to find a way to use resources repeatedly as much as possible, and ■ It is necessary to remove lignin, a difficult-to-decompose substance in rice husks that is an obstacle when used as feed or as a moisture adjustment material for compost. is needed.

上記問題点■、■を同時に解決するために、本発明は、
籾乾燥調製施設から大量に産出される籾殻を従来技術に
よって利用する前段として多量の籾殻に栄養源等を混合
しきのこ培地をつく如きのこを発生させ収穫する手段を
採用した。In order to simultaneously solve the above problems (■) and (■), the present invention
As a preliminary step to utilizing rice husks produced in large quantities from rice drying and preparation facilities using conventional techniques, we adopted a method of generating and harvesting mushrooms by mixing nutrients, etc. with a large amount of rice husks to create a mushroom culture medium.

作用 籾殻を培地としてきのこを培養しきのこを生産販売する
ことによ如籾殻を経済的に有利に利用することが可能と
なるばかりか、培地に含まれていたリグニンがきのこ糸
状菌によって分解され障害となる物質が除去されるため
堆肥化材料としても飼料化原料としてもより好適な資材
となる。Effect By cultivating mushrooms using rice husks as a medium and producing and selling the mushrooms, it is not only possible to use rice husks economically and advantageously, but also the lignin contained in the medium is decomposed by mushroom filamentous fungi, causing problems. Since the substances that cause this are removed, it becomes a material that is more suitable both as a composting material and as a raw material for making feed.

なお、きのこ培地中の有機資材の乾物のきのこ生産に伴
なう減少は極めて僅かであり、培地残渣（廃ほだ）を燃
料、床土原料、家畜の敷料等に再利用できることは勿論
である。Furthermore, the decrease in dry organic materials in the mushroom culture medium due to mushroom production is extremely small, and it goes without saying that the culture medium residue (waste hoda) can be reused as fuel, bedding material, livestock bedding, etc. .

実施例 本発明の好適な一実施例を図によって説明すれば次の通
シである。第１図において、１は籾殻倉庫、２は細粒木
質材倉庫、３はフスマあるいはヌカ室であって、これら
からスクリューコンベヤ等により４の混合機に送る。こ
の時の混合割合は籾殻約３０％、細粒木質材約６０％、
フスマ約１０％（この混合割合は随意変更可能）とし、
混合機には水噴霧機を配設し混合しながら水を添加して
水分略６５％程度に調整する。５は前記混合物の袋詰め
機でポリプロピレンの袋に約Ｉ　Ｋｒ程度充填してきの
こ培地とする。このきのこ培地は６の高温殺菌室で約１
００℃で８時間殺菌処理したのち７の無菌室で無菌状態
の環境でマイタケ菌を植菌し、約２３℃相対湿度略６０
％の調温調湿培養室８で約４５日培養し、ついで混度略
１７℃相対湿度略９０％に調節した発生室９に移し、約
１５日でマイタケ約１５０　ｒｒを収穫する。マイタケ
収穫後の残渣（廃ほだ）は集積所１０に集積し、一部は
堆肥化装置１５に水分調整材として使用し、残渣（廃ほ
だ）の一部は温水ボイラー１１の燃料として使用し、こ
の温水は混水タンク１２に貯溜後１３の培養室加温装置
に送って冬期の温度調節を行わしめる。なお、１４は発
生室の調温装置である。ま゛た、調湿に関しては湿度セ
ンサにより室内に水を噴霧して行わせる。Embodiment A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be explained below using the drawings. In FIG. 1, 1 is a rice husk warehouse, 2 is a fine wood material warehouse, and 3 is a bran or bran room, from which the rice is sent to a mixer 4 by a screw conveyor or the like. The mixing ratio at this time is approximately 30% rice husks, approximately 60% fine-grained wood,
Approximately 10% bran (this mixing ratio can be changed at will),
A water sprayer is installed in the mixer, and water is added while mixing to adjust the moisture content to approximately 65%. 5, the mixture was filled into a polypropylene bag using a bagging machine to a volume of about I Kr to form a mushroom culture medium. This mushroom culture medium is made in a high temperature sterilization chamber of 6.
After sterilization at 00℃ for 8 hours, maitake bacteria was inoculated in a sterile environment in a sterile room 7 at a temperature of about 23℃ and a relative humidity of about 60℃.
The maitake mushrooms are cultured for about 45 days in a temperature-controlled and humidity-controlled culture room 8, and then transferred to a generation room 9, which is adjusted to a temperature of about 17° C. and a relative humidity of about 90%, and about 150 rr of maitake mushrooms are harvested in about 15 days. Residues (waste husks) after harvesting maitake mushrooms are accumulated in a collection site 10, a portion of which is used as a moisture adjustment material in a composting device 15, and a portion of the residue (waste husks) is used as fuel for a hot water boiler 11. This hot water is stored in a mixed water tank 12 and then sent to a culture room heating device 13 to adjust the temperature in winter. Note that 14 is a temperature control device for the generation chamber. Additionally, humidity is controlled by spraying water into the room using a humidity sensor.

かくして、籾殻でまずきのこを栽培生産し、この培地の
残渣（廃ほだ）を再利用し籾殻を経済的に有利に活用し
、さらにボイラーの灰も肥料として再利用しうる。In this way, rice husks can be used to cultivate and produce mushrooms, and the residue of this culture medium can be reused to economically advantageously utilize the rice husks, and boiler ash can also be reused as fertilizer.

見切の効果 籾の乾燥調製施設において大量に産出される籾殻を、ま
ずきのこ培地とし経済的に有利なきのこ生産に活用し、
しかるのち燃料、床土原料、堆肥材料、飼料、敷料等に
随意使用し、資源の有効活用による康業生産及び収入増
に寄与する効果を奏せしめる。特に籾の共同乾燥調製施
設においては産出される籾殻は極めて大量なため豊富か
つ低摩なきのこ培地原料かえられ、近時きのこ原木が枯
渇しつつおる状勢に鑑み籾殻による代替はきのこ生産費
の低減に大きな効果があり、加えて季節による繁閑の差
が著しい共同乾燥施設と年間随時稼動が可能なきのこ生
産施設を併設し運営を一体化すれば雇傭労力問題を解決
する効果もえられる。The effect of cutting rice The rice husks produced in large quantities at rice drying and preparation facilities are first used as a mushroom culture medium for economically advantageous mushroom production.
Afterwards, it can be used as fuel, bedding material, compost material, feed, bedding, etc., and it can have the effect of contributing to healthy business production and increased income through effective use of resources. In particular, rice husks produced in joint drying and preparation facilities for paddy are produced in extremely large quantities, so abundant and low-density mushroom culture media can be substituted.In view of the recent situation where mushroom logs are being depleted, replacing rice husks with rice husks reduces mushroom production costs. In addition, by integrating a joint drying facility, which has a significant difference in busyness and downtime depending on the season, and a mushroom production facility that can be operated at any time of the year, and integrating the operations, it will also have the effect of solving the labor problem.

さらに、籾殻と藁稈類をもって培地とすることも司能で
あって、農業生産過程の残渣を広範にわたり有効に再利
用しうる効果も併せ奏する。Furthermore, it is also possible to use rice husks and straw culms as a culture medium, which also has the effect of making it possible to effectively reuse residues from the agricultural production process over a wide range of areas.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第１図はきのこ栽培施設とこれに付属するボイラー、温
水タンク、培養室、発生室、堆肥化装置のレイアウトの
一例を示したものであって、矢印は原料、培地、残渣（
廃ほだ）の流れをしめす。Figure 1 shows an example of the layout of a mushroom cultivation facility and its attached boiler, hot water tank, cultivation room, generation room, and composting equipment.
This shows the flow of waste.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 籾殻をきのこ培地（ほだ材）として利用すると共にきの
こを生産したのちの残渣（廃ほだ）を燃料、床土原料、
堆肥原料、飼料、敷料等として再利用することを特徴と
する籾殻の有効利用方法。Rice husks are used as a mushroom culture medium (hoda wood), and the residue after mushroom production (waste hoda) is used as fuel, bed soil material,
An effective method of using rice husks, which is characterized by reusing them as compost raw materials, feed, bedding, etc.