JPS61146467A - Cutting-off grinding method by conductive grindstone and cutting-off grinding device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To secure highly machining efficiency without leaving a deformation or a minute defect behind on a work as well as to perform a favorable dressing job, by setting up a pressing wheel on a peripheral end face of a machining wheel, while producing a state of electric conductivity between them. CONSTITUTION:A fluid feed nozzle 8, feeding a machining fluid, is set up in a gap or a contact part between peripheral surfaces of a dressing wheel 6 and a machining wheel 1. As for a dressing power source, an AC or DC power source of 1-1,000V is used. While the machining fluid is fed to a space between the machining wheel 1, rotating as machining a work M and the dressing wheel 6, coming nearer or contact with the peripheral end face of the former, the said dressing and machining power sources are impressed on them. If so, discharge action, electrolytic action and mechanical abrasive action all are produced between both these wheels 1 and 6, therefore swarf out of the work M sticking to the peripheral surface of the machining wheel 1 is all eliminated therefrom, thus dressing is performed, and the work M is machinable in optimum conditions. Therefore, a deformation or a defect is in no case left behind the work and highly machining efficiency is securable.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は通電性の砥石による被加工物の加工を行ないつ
つ同時にこの砥石のドレス加工を行なう通電性砥石によ
る切断研削加工方法および切断研削加工装置に関するも
のである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a cutting and grinding method and a cutting and grinding apparatus that use an electrically conductive grindstone to process a workpiece and dress the grindstone at the same time.

［イ１従来技術 一般に砥石は継続して使用すると素材の一部が砥粒間に
混入して「目詰まり」を発生し、切削能率が著しく低下
するので、随時、加工を中断して砥石の加工面を公知の
ドレッサ等で「目直し」して使用する必要がある。[B1 Prior Art Generally, when a grinding wheel is used continuously, part of the material gets mixed in between the abrasive grains, causing "clogging," which significantly reduces cutting efficiency. It is necessary to "retouch" the machined surface using a known dresser or the like before use.

［口１本発明が解決しようとする問題点かかる事情は一
般の絶縁性砥石ばかりではなくメタルボンドのダイヤモ
ンド砥石やメタルボンドのボラゾン砥石、電解研削用ガ
ラスボンド通電砥石等の全面通電型砥石や、周面上に導
電性個所が点在する電解放電研削加工用の部分通電型砥
石の場合も同様に目詰まりを生じる。[Problems to be Solved by the Present Invention] These circumstances apply not only to general insulating grindstones, but also to fully energized grindstones such as metal-bond diamond grindstones, metal-bond borazone grindstones, and glass-bond energized grindstones for electrolytic grinding. Clogging also occurs in the case of a partially energized grindstone for electrolytic discharge grinding, which has conductive spots scattered on its circumferential surface.

その結果、特に被加工物が目詰まりを生じやすい素材の
場合には加工能率が著しく低下し、そのうえ砥石の寿命
も短かい。As a result, especially when the workpiece is made of a material that is prone to clogging, the processing efficiency is significantly reduced, and furthermore, the life of the grindstone is shortened.

この様な事情から砥石のドレスの為に被加工物の加工を
中断することなく、高い砥石の切削能率が得られ、しか
も砥石の寿命が長い切断研削加工技術の提案が望まれて
いる。Under these circumstances, it is desired to propose a cutting and grinding technology that can obtain high cutting efficiency of the grindstone without interrupting the processing of the workpiece due to dressing of the grindstone, and also has a long life of the grindstone.

本発明は以上の点に鑑み成されたもので、砥石のドレス
加工の為に被加工物の加工を中断せずにドレス効果に優
れたドレスを行ないつつ、本来の高い加工能力を持続す
ることができ、なおかっ、砥石の寿命が延びる、通電性
砥石による切断研削加工法および切断研削加工装置を提
供する事を目的とする。The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and it is an object of the present invention to perform dressing with an excellent dressing effect without interrupting the processing of a workpiece for dressing a grindstone, while maintaining the original high processing ability. It is an object of the present invention to provide a cutting and grinding method and a cutting and grinding apparatus using an electrically conductive grindstone, which can increase the life of the grindstone and extend the life of the grindstone.

［ハ］問題点を解決するための手段 すなわち、本発明は機械的、電気的および電気化学的作
用によって導電性砥石の周面をドレスしながら被加工物
の加工を継続して行なう事によって前記問題点の解消を
図る技術手段に関するものである。[C] Means for solving the problem, that is, the present invention solves the above problem by continuously processing the workpiece while dressing the circumferential surface of the conductive grindstone by mechanical, electrical, and electrochemical actions. It relates to technical means for solving problems.

［二］実施例 次に本発明の一実施例について図面を参照しながら説明
する。[2] Embodiment Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

（１）砥石 本発明には被加工物の加工用砥石（以下「加工用砥石１
」と言う）、およびこの加工用砥石１をドレスするため
のドレス用砥石（以下「ドレス用砥石６」と言う）とし
て以下の砥石を使用することができる。(1) Grindstone The present invention includes a grindstone for processing a workpiece (hereinafter referred to as "processing grindstone 1").
), and as a dressing whetstone (hereinafter referred to as "dressing whetstone 6") for dressing this processing whetstone 1, the following whetstones can be used.

（全面通電型砥石） ＜Ａ＞メタルボンド砥石 金属性円盤の周縁にダイヤ粒子やキュービックボロンナ
イトライド（ＣＢＮ）粒子を金属、多くの場合鋼合金を
バインダーとして焼き固め、あるいは電着により製造し
た機械切削用砥石。(Fully energized whetstone) <A> Metal bonded whetstone A machine manufactured by baking or electrodepositing diamond particles or cubic boron nitride (CBN) particles on the periphery of a metallic disk using a metal, often a steel alloy, as a binder. Grindstone for cutting.

＜Ｂ＞ガラスボンドまたはレジンボンド砥石Ｓｉ　Ｃ，
ＣＢＮ、ダイヤ、アルミナ、金属炭化物等の砥粒をガラ
スまたはレジンで結合した非導電性砥石に無電解メッキ
等の方法で例えば銀、銅、ニッケル、コバルト等を含浸
して、砥石の全面、または一部に導電性を与えた砥石。<B>Glass bond or resin bond grindstone Si C,
A non-conductive grinding wheel made of abrasive grains such as CBN, diamond, alumina, metal carbide, etc. bonded with glass or resin is impregnated with silver, copper, nickel, cobalt, etc. by a method such as electroless plating, and the entire surface of the grinding wheel is coated with silver, copper, nickel, cobalt, etc. A whetstone that has a part that is electrically conductive.

または、上記砥粒に銀、銅、ニッケル、クロム、コバル
ト、黒鉛等の導電性物質の粉末あるいは以上の混合物、
を混合したものをガラスまたはレジンで結合した全面通
電性砥石。Alternatively, powder of a conductive substance such as silver, copper, nickel, chromium, cobalt, graphite, etc., or a mixture thereof, may be added to the abrasive grains.
A fully conductive whetstone that is made of a mixture of the following and bonded with glass or resin.

（部分通電型砥石（第１図）） 部分通電タイプの砥石は非導電性の砥粒をレジン、また
はガラスで結合した非導電性の円盤の周面に、導電性の
素材を露出して形成した導電帯２と、この導電帯２０間
に前記の非導電性の円盤素材をそのまま残して形成した
研摩帯３を交互に配置するよう形成した電解放電研削加
工用砥石である。(Partially energized type grindstone (Fig. 1)) Partially energized type grindstone is formed by exposing a conductive material on the circumference of a non-conductive disk made by bonding non-conductive abrasive grains with resin or glass. This is a grindstone for electrolytic discharge grinding, in which conductive bands 2 and polishing bands 3 formed by leaving the non-conductive disk material intact between the conductive bands 20 are arranged alternately.

砥粒の一例として、グリーンカーボランダム、ホワイト
アランダム、ピンクアランダム、シリカ、ダイヤモンド
、ＣＢＮ等を使用することができる。Examples of abrasive grains that can be used include green carborundum, white alundum, pink alundum, silica, diamond, and CBN.

また、砥石の中心には通電環４を設け、この通電環４か
ら放射線状に導電路５を埋設する等して、周面の各導電
帯２へ電気的に連絡する。Further, a current-carrying ring 4 is provided at the center of the grindstone, and conductive paths 5 are buried radially from the current-carrying ring 4 to electrically connect to each conductive band 2 on the circumferential surface.

導電路５としては導電性を有した例えば銀、ニッケル等
の金属、またはそれらに他の元素あるいは砥粒等の耐摩
耗物質を混合した合金を棒状、線状に固めたもの、また
はカーボン繊維もしくは半導体その他の公知の素材を使
用することができる。The conductive path 5 may be made of a conductive metal such as silver or nickel, or an alloy of these metals mixed with other elements or wear-resistant substances such as abrasive grains, solidified into a rod or wire shape, or carbon fiber or Semiconductors and other known materials can be used.

このタイプの砥石には局面に導電帯２と研摩帯３を交互
に形成する構造であるからそのほかにも第２図から第５
図に示すもの等をあげることができる。This type of whetstone has a structure in which conductive bands 2 and abrasive bands 3 are alternately formed on the curved surface.
Examples include those shown in the figure.

（２）ドレス条件 本発明は前記の構造の砥石を使用して被加工物Ｍの加工
を行いつつドレス加工をするのであるが、従来のように
単にドレッサーで加工用砥石１の加工面を機械的にドレ
スするのではなく、被加工物Ｍの加工から独立して、加
工用砥石ｌとドレス用砥石６（全面通電型砥石もしくは
部分通電型砥石）の周面間に通電状態を発生させる事に
よって電解および放電の二作用また。は電解、放電およ
び機械的な研削の二作用を高速で繰り返してドレスする
ことを特徴の一つとする。(2) Dressing Conditions In the present invention, the grindstone having the above-mentioned structure is used to dress the workpiece M while processing it. Instead of directly dressing the workpiece M, an energized state is generated between the peripheral surfaces of the processing grindstone l and the dressing grindstone 6 (fully energized type grindstone or partially energized type grindstone) independently of the processing of the workpiece M. Also due to the dual action of electrolysis and discharge. One of the features of this method is that it performs dressing by repeating the two actions of electrolysis, electrical discharge, and mechanical grinding at high speed.

ドレス方法を具体的に説明すると、被加工物Ｍとの接触
部分から離れた加工用砥石ｌの周端面上に、ドレス用砥
石６を接触または接近して配置する。To explain the dressing method in detail, the dressing grindstone 6 is placed on the peripheral end surface of the processing grindstone l that is away from the contact portion with the workpiece M so as to be in contact with or close to it.

そしてこのドレス用砥石６と加工用砥石１の周端面間に
通電が発生するよう、例えば加工用砥石１およびドレス
用砥石６に電源装置７の端子９．１０をドレス用砥石６
および加工用砥石１にそれぞれ接続する。（第１図） さらに、ドレス用砥石６と加工用砥石１との局面間の間
隙または接触部に所定の加工液を供給する液供給ノズル
８を配置する。Then, for example, terminals 9 and 10 of the power supply device 7 are connected to the processing grindstone 1 and the dressing grindstone 6 so that electricity is generated between the peripheral end surfaces of the dressing grindstone 6 and the processing grindstone 1.
and the processing grindstone 1, respectively. (FIG. 1) Furthermore, a liquid supply nozzle 8 is arranged to supply a predetermined machining liquid to the gap or contact portion between the surfaces of the dressing whetstone 6 and the machining whetstone 1.

ドレス加工用電源としては種々のものが使用できるが例
えば、１〜ｌ０００Ｖ（１０〜１０００００Ｈｚ）の交
流電源あるいは直流電源を使用することもできる。Various types of power sources can be used as the power source for dressing processing, and for example, an AC power source or a DC power source with a voltage of 1 to 1000 V (10 to 100,000 Hz) can also be used.

さらに、ドレス電流は平均電流で０．０５〜１００Ａの
範囲で砥石の接触面積および被加工物の種類に応じて調
節する。Furthermore, the dressing current is adjusted in the average current range from 0.05 to 100 A depending on the contact area of the grindstone and the type of workpiece.

また、ドレス用電圧（あるいは電流）波形としては平滑
波（第６図）、正弦波（第７図）、矩形波（第８．９図
）、鋸歯状波（第１０図）、または歪波（高調波を含ん
だ交流）もしくは以上を合成した波形を使用する事がで
きる。In addition, the voltage (or current) waveform for dressing can be a smooth wave (Figure 6), a sine wave (Figure 7), a square wave (Figure 8.9), a sawtooth wave (Figure 10), or a distorted wave. (alternating current including harmonics) or a waveform that is a combination of the above can be used.

（３）ドレス方法 次にドレスの作用と効果について具体的に説明する。(3) How to dress Next, the functions and effects of the dress will be explained in detail.

被加工物Ｍの加工を行ないつつ、回転する加工用砥石１
の周端面上に接近もしくは接触するドレス用砥石６間に
所定の加工液を供給しながら前記ドレス加工用電源を印
加すると、両砥石１．６の間で放電作用、電解作用およ
び機械的研摩作用が起こり、その結果、加工用砥石１の
周面上に付着していた被加工物Ｍの削り粉が綺麗に除去
されて目直しが為され最良の条件下で被加工物Ｍの加工
が行なわれる。Processing grindstone 1 that rotates while processing the workpiece M
When the dressing power source is applied while supplying a predetermined machining fluid between the dressing grinding wheels 6 that are close to or in contact with the circumferential end surface of the dressing grinding wheels 1.6, electrical discharge action, electrolytic action, and mechanical polishing action occur between the two grinding wheels 1.6. As a result, the shavings of the workpiece M adhering to the circumferential surface of the processing whetstone 1 are thoroughly removed, the workpiece M is refinished, and the workpiece M can be processed under the best conditions. It will be done.

また、加工用砥石１の周面にドレス用砥石６を接触させ
ずに接近して配置した場合には電解作用と放電作用によ
って目直しが行なわれる。Further, when the dressing grindstone 6 is placed close to the circumferential surface of the processing grindstone 1 without contacting it, the dressing is performed by electrolytic action and discharge action.

いずれの場合においても目詰まり物は電気的および電気
化学的に除去されて、加工用砥石１の砥粒の脱落が最小
限に押えられる。In either case, the clogging material is removed electrically and electrochemically, and the abrasive grains from the processing grindstone 1 are kept to a minimum.

（４）加工方法 従来、電解研削加工、電解放電研削加工等、電解作用お
よび放電作用を利用した切削、研削加工、あるいは導電
性砥石を使用した機械的研削加工においては加工用砥石
１のドレスは被加工物Ｍの加工とは別におこなわれてい
た。(4) Processing method Conventionally, in cutting and grinding using electrolytic action and electrical discharge action, such as electrolytic grinding and electrolytic discharge grinding, or mechanical grinding using a conductive grindstone, the dress of the processing whetstone 1 is This was done separately from the machining of the workpiece M.

本発明者は導電性砥石を使用して被加工物Ｍの加工をす
るに際して、前記のドレス方法で加工用砥石１のドレス
を行ないつつ同時に被加工物Ｍの加工を行なうと、極め
て高精度でしかも被加工物Ｍの材能を損わずに切削、研
削加工が行なわれる事を確認した。The present inventor has found that when processing a workpiece M using a conductive grindstone, if the processing grindstone 1 is dressed using the above-mentioned dressing method and the workpiece M is processed at the same time, extremely high precision can be obtained. Moreover, it was confirmed that the cutting and grinding processes of the workpiece M can be performed without impairing the material performance.

すなわち、前述のドレス方法でドレスを行なうと電解作
用と放電作用、あるいはドレス用砥石６を加工用砥石１
に接触させる場合にはこれらの作用に加えて機械的研摩
作用が相乗的に作用するため、極めて有効な目直しが加
工の最中にされ、加工用砥石１の加工面は常に目詰まり
のない状態に保たれる。That is, when dressing is performed using the above-mentioned dressing method, electrolytic action and electric discharge action occur, or the dressing grindstone 6 is replaced by the processing grindstone 1.
When the grinding wheel 1 is brought into contact with the grinding wheel, the mechanical polishing action acts synergistically in addition to these actions, so extremely effective refinishing is performed during processing, and the processing surface of the processing grindstone 1 is always free from clogging. kept in condition.

従って、この様なドレスが施されていない従来の加工に
比べて高能率の加工が可能となるとともに、被加工物Ｍ
の加工面は歪や欠陥が極めて少なく、被加工物Ｍの特性
を大きく劣化させる事がない。Therefore, compared to conventional machining that does not use such dressing, it is possible to perform highly efficient machining, and the workpiece M
The machined surface has extremely few distortions and defects, and the characteristics of the workpiece M are not significantly degraded.

さらに、電解、放電作用によってドレスできるために従
来の機械的なドレスに比べて遥かに軽い機械的研摩作用
か、あるいはまったく機械的研摩作用がない状態で、十
分な目直しができる。Furthermore, since it can be dressed by electrolytic or electrical discharge action, sufficient refinishing can be achieved with a much lighter mechanical polishing action than conventional mechanical dressing, or with no mechanical polishing action at all.

その結果、加工用砥石の摩耗が従来に比べて極僅かであ
る。As a result, the wear of the processing grindstone is minimal compared to conventional methods.

また、被加工物Ｍの加工中におけるドレスの仕方は、被
加工物Ｍの加工と並行して連続的にドレスする方法や、
あるいは断続的にドレスする方法等が考えられるが、砥
石１および被加工物Ｍの材質、特性を考慮した上で最適
な加工方法を選択する。In addition, the method of dressing the workpiece M during processing may include a method of continuously dressing the workpiece M in parallel with the processing of the workpiece M,
Alternatively, a method of intermittent dressing may be considered, but the optimum processing method is selected after considering the materials and characteristics of the grindstone 1 and workpiece M.

（５）加工装置 本発明の加工方法を実施するための装置は被加工物Ｍを
加工する部分と、加工用砥石１をドレスする為の部分か
ら構成され゛、ドレス用電源７を独立に有するか、また
被加工物Ｍの電気的加工のための電源１１を有するかに
よって、次のタイプに大別される。(5) Processing device The device for implementing the processing method of the present invention consists of a part for processing the workpiece M and a part for dressing the processing grindstone 1, and has an independent dressing power source 7. It is roughly divided into the following types depending on whether it has a power source 11 for electrical processing of the workpiece M or not.

（１）ドレス専用電源を有し、ワークの加工用電源を持
たないタイプ（第１１図） （２）ドレス専用とワーク加工電源の二つを持つタイプ
（第１２図） （３）ドレス用電源とワークの加工電源が同一のタイプ
（第１３〜１５図） ［ホＪ効果 本発明は以上説明したようになるから次のような効果を
期待することができる。(1) A type that has a power supply exclusively for dressing, but no power supply for machining the workpiece (Fig. 11) (2) A type that has two power supplies, one for dressing and one for machining the workpiece (Fig. 12) (3) Power supply for dressing and the machining power source for the workpiece is the same type (FIGS. 13 to 15). [EJ Effect] Since the present invention is as explained above, the following effects can be expected.

くイ〉加工用砥石の周端面上にドレス用砥石を配置し、
そしてこの両者間に通電状態を発生させる事によって被
加工物の加工作業から独立して、放電と電解による溶解
および機械研削の三作用が相乗的に砥石の周端面上に作
用するので極めて良好なドレスが施される。Place the dressing whetstone on the peripheral edge of the processing whetstone,
By creating an electrically conductive state between the two, the three effects of dissolving by electric discharge and electrolysis, and mechanical grinding act synergistically on the peripheral end surface of the grinding wheel, independent of the machining operation of the workpiece, resulting in extremely good results. A dress is put on.

その結果、従来と比べて格段に高い加工能率が得られる
上に、被加工物に歪や微細な欠陥を残さない加工が可能
となる。As a result, processing efficiency is much higher than in the past, and processing can be performed without leaving distortions or minute defects on the workpiece.

特に、被加工物の加工が電解作用と放電作用と機械研削
作用の三作用によって行なわれる場合には、加工中宮に
最良の放電電解条件が維持されるのでドレスは特に有効
である。In particular, when the workpiece is machined by the three actions of electrolytic action, electrical discharge action, and mechanical grinding action, dressing is particularly effective since the best electrical discharge electrolytic conditions are maintained during processing.

く口〉従来のドレスは単に機械的な研削に頼っていたが
、本発明においては機械的なドレス作用が微弱であった
り、あるいは絶無でも電解作用と放電作用によって十分
な目直しが行なわれる。Previous dressings relied solely on mechanical grinding, but in the present invention, even if the mechanical dressing action is weak or absent, sufficient redressing can be achieved by electrolytic action and discharge action.

その結果、従来の機械的手段に頼るドレスに比べて加工
用砥石の摩滅が極僅かであり寿命が長（なる。As a result, compared to conventional dressings that rely on mechanical means, the processing grindstone suffers minimal wear and has a long service life.

くハ〉微弱な研摩作用によって十分な目直しが行われる
ので、高価なダイヤモンド粒子やキュービックボロンナ
イトライド粒子等を多量に使用した高価な加工用砥石を
使用せずに、市販の安価な砥粒を使用した砥石や上記の
高価な砥粒の含有率の少ない砥石を使用することができ
る。(kuha) Sufficient refinishing is performed by a weak abrasive action, so instead of using an expensive processing whetstone that uses a large amount of expensive diamond particles or cubic boron nitride particles, you can use commercially available inexpensive abrasive grains. It is possible to use a whetstone using abrasive grains or a whetstone containing a small amount of the above-mentioned expensive abrasive grains.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第１図：被加工物の加工状態の説明図 １；加工用砥石　　２；導電帯　　３：研摩帯４：通電
環　　５：通電路　　６：ドレス用砥石Ｍ：被加工物 出願人　　　　有限会社　応用磁気研究所第４図 ＋□ ＯＴ 第６図 第１０図 第１１図 第１３図 第１２図 第１４図Figure 1: Explanation of the processing state of the workpiece 1: Processing grindstone 2: Conductive band 3: Polishing band 4: Current-carrying ring 5: Current-carrying path 6: Dressing grindstone M: Workpiece Applicant Applied Magnetic Co., Ltd. Laboratory Figure 4 + OT Figure 6 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 13 Figure 12 Figure 14

Claims (2)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] （１）回転する通電性を有した加工用の砥石の周端面上
に、 通電性を有したドレス用の円盤砥石を配置し、この両砥
石の間に加工液を供給しつつ、 両砥石の対向する周面間に、電解および放電を発生させ
るドレス加工用電源を印加して加工用の砥石のドレスを
行ないつつ、 同時に被加工物を加工することを特徴とする、通電性砥
石による切断研削加工法(1) An electrically conductive dressing disc grindstone is placed on the peripheral end surface of a rotating electrically conductive processing grindstone, and while supplying machining liquid between the two grindstones, Cutting and grinding using an electrically conductive grindstone characterized by applying a dressing power source that generates electrolysis and discharge between opposing peripheral surfaces to dress the grindstone for processing and simultaneously process the workpiece. Processing method （２）回転する通電性を有した加工用の砥石の周端面上
に、 通電性を有したドレス用の円盤砥石を配置し、この両砥
石の間に加工液供給手段を設け、 両砥石の対向する周面間に電圧を印加するドレス加工用
電源を設けて構成したことを特徴とする、 切断研削加工装置(2) An electrically conductive dressing disc grindstone is placed on the peripheral end surface of a rotating electrically conductive processing grindstone, and a processing fluid supply means is provided between the two grindstones. A cutting and grinding device characterized in that it is configured with a dressing power source that applies voltage between opposing circumferential surfaces.