JPS60216184A - Plate type heat exchanger - Google Patents
Plate type heat exchangerInfo
- Publication number
- JPS60216184A JPS60216184A JP7251784A JP7251784A JPS60216184A JP S60216184 A JPS60216184 A JP S60216184A JP 7251784 A JP7251784 A JP 7251784A JP 7251784 A JP7251784 A JP 7251784A JP S60216184 A JPS60216184 A JP S60216184A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- plate
- plates
- outer peripheral
- heat exchanger
- peripheral parts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
- F28D9/0043—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having openings therein for circulation of at least one heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another
- F28D9/005—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having openings therein for circulation of at least one heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another the plates having openings therein for both heat-exchange media
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は、通路用孔及び伝熱面を有するプレートを積層
してなるプレート式熱交換器に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a plate heat exchanger formed by laminating plates having passage holes and heat transfer surfaces.
イ、従来技術
プレート式熱交換器は、第１図の分解斜視図に示す如く
、通路用孔（２）及び伝熱面（３）を有するプレート（
１）を複数枚積層し、各プレート（１）間に第１の流体
（ａ）が流れる第１の流路（Ａ）と、第２の流体（ｂ）
が流れる第２の流路（Ｂ）とを交互に形成したものであ
る。従って、プレート（１）を積層する時、各プレート
（１）は一定の間隔を保って積層する必要が生じる。こ
のため、通常プレー１− （１）の外周部及び通路用孔
（２）の外周部にはガスケット（４）を介在させである
。ところが、ガスケット（４）の素材には一般に合成ガ
ス等が用いられており、ガスケット（４）の耐熱性及び
耐圧性に限界があるため、このガスケット（４）を使用
したプレート式熱交換器に供給する流体の温度及び圧力
に一定の限界があるといった欠点があった。B. As shown in the exploded perspective view of FIG. 1, the prior art plate heat exchanger consists of a plate (
1), a first flow path (A) through which the first fluid (a) flows between each plate (1), and a second fluid (b)
The second flow path (B) through which the water flows is formed alternately with the second flow path (B). Therefore, when stacking the plates (1), it is necessary to stack each plate (1) while maintaining a constant interval. For this reason, a gasket (4) is usually interposed around the outer periphery of the play 1-(1) and the outer periphery of the passage hole (2). However, synthetic gas is generally used as the material for the gasket (4), and there are limits to the heat resistance and pressure resistance of the gasket (4). The drawback is that there are certain limits to the temperature and pressure of the fluid supplied.
父上記ガスケット（４）の限界を解消すべく、各プレー
ト（１）の外周部及び通路用孔（２）の外周部同士をロ
ー付けによって溶着する方法がある。尚、このロー付け
に使用するロー材には、Ｃｕ ｓ Ｎｔ ＳＡｇ ｓ等
の基本金属に、ＡＱ、Ｍｎ ％ Ｐ％ Ｚｎ等の金属を
添加し、合金を作り、ロー材の基本金属の融点を、プレ
ー） （１）に用いる母材の融点以下にすることにより
、口−付は時にプレート（１）の母材が溶融するのを防
止している。このように、各プレート（１）の外周部及
び道路用孔（２）の外周部同士をロー付けによって溶着
すれば、上述した耐熱性及び耐圧性の問題は解決される
が、ロー付けには次のような欠点があった。即ち、ロー
付けに使用するロー材は、プレート（１）に用いる母材
とは異なる金属を用いるため、プレート式熱交換器に供
給される流体によっては、ロー材の耐食性に限界がふり
、ロー付はタイプのプレート式熱交換器を使用できない
こともあった。又ロー付けは、ｉ−材を塗布した部分し
か接合されないと共に、ロー材の厚さによって接合強度
が異なり、厚く塗りすぎると接合強度が低下するため、
ロー材のプレートへの塗り具合のコントロールが難しい
といった欠点があった。In order to overcome the limitations of the gasket (4) mentioned above, there is a method of welding the outer periphery of each plate (1) and the outer periphery of the passage hole (2) to each other by brazing. In addition, the brazing material used for this brazing is made by adding metals such as AQ, Mn%P%Zn, etc. to a basic metal such as CusNtSAgs to create an alloy, and then adjusting the melting point of the basic metal of the brazing material. By keeping the temperature below the melting point of the base material used in (1), the spouting sometimes prevents the base material of the plate (1) from melting. In this way, if the outer periphery of each plate (1) and the outer periphery of the road hole (2) are welded to each other by brazing, the above-mentioned problems of heat resistance and pressure resistance can be solved, but brazing It had the following drawbacks. In other words, since the brazing material used for brazing is a different metal from the base material used for the plate (1), depending on the fluid supplied to the plate heat exchanger, there is a limit to the corrosion resistance of the brazing material. In some cases, it was not possible to use a type of plate heat exchanger. Also, with brazing, only the parts coated with I-material are joined, and the strength of the joint varies depending on the thickness of the brazing material, and if it is applied too thick, the strength of the joint will decrease.
The drawback was that it was difficult to control the amount of wax applied to the plate.
又、上述したガスケットを用いる方法及びロー付けを行
う方法以外に、プレート（１）を一枚ずつ積層し、各プ
レート（１）の外周部及び通路用孔（２）の外周部同士
を順次溶接していく方法がある。この溶接タイプのプレ
ート式熱交換器は、プレート（１）同士を直接溶接する
ため、耐熱性及び耐圧性の問題は解決されるが、溶接時
、プレート（１）の溶接個所を高温にて溶融するため、
溶接条件によっては、溶接部の延性、靭性を劣化せしめ
、プレートの強度と耐久性を劣化するといった欠点があ
った。又溶接時の高温によって各プレートに熱による歪
が生じるといった欠点もあった。又、この溶接タイプの
プレート式熱交換器は、その製造工程に於いて、プレー
ト（１）を一枚ずつ順次溶接せねばならず、製造コスト
が高くなるといった欠点があった。又各プレート（１）
の通路用孔（２）の外周部同士を溶接する時、通路用孔
（２）の孔径が小さいため、この部分の溶接作業が困難
であるといった欠点があった。In addition to the above-mentioned method using a gasket and brazing, it is also possible to stack the plates (1) one by one and sequentially weld the outer periphery of each plate (1) and the outer periphery of the passage hole (2). There is a way to do it. This welded type plate heat exchanger solves the problem of heat resistance and pressure resistance because the plates (1) are directly welded together, but during welding, the welded parts of the plates (1) are melted at high temperature. In order to
Depending on the welding conditions, the ductility and toughness of the welded part may deteriorate, and the strength and durability of the plate may deteriorate. Another disadvantage was that the high temperatures during welding caused distortion in each plate due to heat. In addition, this welded type plate heat exchanger had the disadvantage that the plates (1) had to be sequentially welded one by one in the manufacturing process, which increased the manufacturing cost. Also each plate (1)
When welding the outer peripheries of the passage holes (2) together, there was a drawback that it was difficult to weld this part because the diameter of the passage holes (2) was small.
口０発明の目的
各プレートの外周部及び通路用孔の外周部同士を拡散場
合によって接合さすことにより、耐熱性、耐圧性及び耐
食性に優れ、且つその製造が容品に行えるプレート式熱
交換器を提供するものである。Purpose of the Invention To provide a plate heat exchanger that has excellent heat resistance, pressure resistance, and corrosion resistance, and can be manufactured as a container by connecting the outer periphery of each plate and the outer periphery of passage holes to each other in some cases. It provides:
ハ８発明の構成
通路用孔及び伝熱面を有するプレートを複数枚積層し、
各プレートの外周部ならびに通路用孔の外周部同士を拡
散接合によって接合さすことにより、各ブド−１間に第
１の流路と第２の流路とを交互に形成してなるプレート
式熱交換器を形成するものである。Structure of the C8 invention: A plurality of plates having passage holes and heat transfer surfaces are laminated,
A plate-type heating system in which a first flow path and a second flow path are alternately formed between each bud 1 by joining the outer periphery of each plate and the outer periphery of the passage hole to each other by diffusion bonding. It forms an exchanger.
二、実施例
第２図及び第３図は、本発明に係るプレート式熱交換器
（１０）を示す図面であり、このプレート式熱交換器（
１０）に用いるプレー） （１１）は、従来と同様表裏
両面に波状凹凸面からなる伝熱面（１２）が設けてあり
、又四隅には４つの通路用孔（１３）が設けである。又
ごのプレート（１１）は、通常ＷＪ＠をプレス成形する
ことによ−り形成され、その材質には、金属Ｔｉ 、Ｔ
ｉ合金等が用いられる。尚、材質の選定は、プレート式
熱交換ｍ （１０）に供給される流体の１！頻によって
行なわれる。上記のように形成されたプレート（１１）
によってプレート式熱交換器（１０）を形成するには、
先ず、第３図に示すように所定枚数（図面では６枚）の
プレート（１１）を積層し、各プレー） （１１）の外
周部（ｌｌａ ）及び通路用孔（１３）の外周部（１３
ａ ）同士を接触させると共に、図中最上段に位置する
プレート（１１’ ）に設けた４つの通路用孔（１３”
）の外周部に、流入筒或いは排出筒となる筒体（１４）
を載置する０次にこの積層されたプレート（１１）を真
空炉或いは不活性ガス雰囲気炉内に挿入する。次にこの
炉内を所定の温度に保つと共に、積層されたプレー）
（１１）及び筒体（１４）に所定の圧力を加え、各プレ
ー） （１１）の外周部（ｌｌａ ）及び通路用孔（１
３）の外周部（１３ａ ）同士を圧接させると共に、通
路用孔（１３“）の外周部（１３ａ’ ）に筒体（１４
）の下端面を圧接させ、この状態を一定時間保持する。2. Embodiment FIGS. 2 and 3 are drawings showing a plate heat exchanger (10) according to the present invention.
10) The plate (11) is provided with a heat transfer surface (12) consisting of a wavy uneven surface on both the front and back sides as in the conventional case, and four passage holes (13) are provided at the four corners. The plate (11) is usually formed by press-molding WJ@, and its material includes metal Ti, T
i alloy etc. are used. In addition, the selection of the material is based on the 1! of the fluid supplied to the plate heat exchanger m (10). It is done frequently. Plate (11) formed as above
To form a plate heat exchanger (10) by:
First, as shown in FIG. 3, a predetermined number (6 in the drawing) of plates (11) are stacked, and the outer circumference (lla) of each plate (11) and the outer circumference (13) of the passage hole (13) are stacked.
a) and the four passage holes (13'') provided in the plate (11') located at the top in the figure.
) is provided with a cylinder (14) that serves as an inflow cylinder or a discharge cylinder.
This laminated plate (11) on which the 0th order is placed is inserted into a vacuum furnace or an inert gas atmosphere furnace. Next, while maintaining the inside of this furnace at a predetermined temperature, the laminated plate)
(11) and the cylindrical body (14), the outer periphery (lla) of each plate (11) and the passage hole (14) are applied.
3) are brought into pressure contact with each other, and the cylindrical body (14
) are brought into pressure contact and this state is maintained for a certain period of time.
そして各プレー） （１１）の上記圧接部及び筒体（１
４）とプレート（１１’ ）との圧接部に位置する金属
の構成層子を互いに拡散させ、境界面を強固に接合させ
る。即ち、拡散接合によって、各プレート（１１）の外
周部（ｌｌａ ）及び通路用孔（１３）の外周部（１３
ａ ）同士を接合させると同時に、最上段に位置するプ
レート（１１°）の各通路用孔（１３’ ）の外周部（
１３ａ’）と各筒体（１４）とをそれぞれ接合させる。and each play) (11) and the cylindrical body (1).
4) and the plate (11'), the metal constituent layers located at the pressure contact portion are diffused into each other to firmly join the interface. That is, by diffusion bonding, the outer periphery (lla) of each plate (11) and the outer periphery (13) of the passage hole (13) are bonded.
a ) At the same time, the outer periphery (
13a') and each cylindrical body (14) are respectively joined.
そして各プレー） （１１）間に、４個の道路用孔（１
３）の内、２個の通路用孔（１３）と連通した第１の流
路（Ａ）と、他の２個の通路用孔（１３）と連通した第
２の流路（Ｂ）とを交互に形成してなるプレート式熱交
換器（ｌＯ）を形成する。and each play) (11) Between 4 road holes (1
3), a first flow path (A) that communicates with two passage holes (13), and a second flow path (B) that communicates with the other two passage holes (13); A plate heat exchanger (lO) is formed by alternately forming .
尚、上記拡散接合を行う時、プレー１− （１１）に用
いる金属の酸化を防止するため、加熱炉はＩ Ｔｏｒｒ
以下或以下下活性ガス雰囲気にし、プレー）（１１）に
は、０．５ｋｇ／ａ前後の圧力を加え、炉内の温度は７
００℃以上で且つプレー） （１１）の母材の融点以下
に設定し、又保持時間は１０分以上にする。In addition, when performing the above diffusion bonding, the heating furnace is set at I Torr in order to prevent oxidation of the metal used in plate 1-(11).
In (11), a pressure of around 0.5 kg/a was applied, and the temperature inside the furnace was set to 7.
The temperature is set at 00°C or higher and below the melting point of the base material (11), and the holding time is set at 10 minutes or more.
第４図及び第５図は、上記拡散接合によって積層したプ
レート（１１）を接合させる時の接合時間及び接合温度
の変化による接合状況を比較した時のグラフであり、第
４図は１．５ Ｘ １０４Ｔｏｒｒの真空中で０．５Ｋ
ｇ／ｃ＋Ｊの圧力を加え接合温度を９５０℃に保ち、接
合時間を変化させた時の状況を示し、又第５図は、接合
時間を３０分に設定し、接合温度を変化させた時の状況
を示すものである。この両グラフから判るように、各プ
レート（１１）を確実に接合させるためには、接合時間
を１０分以上にし、また接合温度を７００℃以上にする
必要がある。FIGS. 4 and 5 are graphs comparing the bonding conditions due to changes in bonding time and bonding temperature when bonding the stacked plates (11) by the above-mentioned diffusion bonding, and FIG. X 0.5K in a vacuum of 104 Torr
Figure 5 shows the situation when a pressure of g/c+J was applied, the bonding temperature was kept at 950℃, and the bonding time was varied, and Figure 5 shows the situation when the bonding time was set to 30 minutes and the bonding temperature was varied. It indicates the situation. As can be seen from both graphs, in order to reliably bond each plate (11), it is necessary to set the bonding time to 10 minutes or more and the bonding temperature to 700° C. or higher.
ホ０発明の効果
上記した如く、複数枚のプレートを積層してプレート式
熱交換器を形成する時、各プレートの外周部及び通路用
孔の外周部同士を拡散接合によって接合すれば、耐熱性
及び耐圧性に勝れたプレート式熱交換器を形成できると
共に、接合面に他の部材を介在させていないため、プレ
ートと同じ耐食性を有するプレート式熱交換器を形成で
きる。又、拡散接合を用いれば、プレートの母材の融点
以下で接合が行え、且つ接合時、プレート全面を均一に
加熱するから高温によって歪を生じることも防止できる
。又拡散接合を用いれば、積層したプレートを一度に接
合できるためプレート式熱交換器の製造が容易になり、
更にガスケットやロー材等の補助材料を用いる必要がな
いため、プレート式熱交換器のコストダウンを計れる。E0 Effects of the Invention As described above, when a plate heat exchanger is formed by laminating a plurality of plates, if the outer periphery of each plate and the outer periphery of the passage hole are joined together by diffusion bonding, the heat resistance can be improved. It is possible to form a plate-type heat exchanger with excellent pressure resistance, and since no other member is interposed on the joint surface, a plate-type heat exchanger having the same corrosion resistance as the plate can be formed. Further, if diffusion bonding is used, bonding can be performed at a temperature below the melting point of the base material of the plate, and since the entire surface of the plate is uniformly heated during bonding, distortion caused by high temperatures can be prevented. In addition, by using diffusion bonding, it is possible to bond stacked plates at once, making it easier to manufacture plate heat exchangers.
Furthermore, since there is no need to use auxiliary materials such as gaskets and brazing materials, the cost of plate heat exchangers can be reduced.
第１図はガスゲットを用いたプレート式熱交換器の分解
斜視図、第２図は本発明に係るプレート式熱交換器の平
面図、第３図は第２図■−１１１［断面図、第４図は拡
散接合の接合時間と接合状況の関係を示すグラフ、第５
図は拡散接合の接合温度と接合状況の関係を示すグラフ
である。
（１０） −プレート式熱交換器、（１１）・・−プレ
ート、（ｌｌａ ） −・・プレートの外周部、（１２
）・−・・伝熱面、（１３）・−・通路用孔、（１３ａ
） −通路用孔の外周部、（Ａ）−第１の流路、（Ｂ
）−・−第２の流路。
〃 江 原 秀 ・。
・・□°１
ｉｌ、、、、、、、／１Fig. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a plate heat exchanger using a gas get, Fig. 2 is a plan view of a plate heat exchanger according to the present invention, and Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of Fig. 2-111. Figure 4 is a graph showing the relationship between diffusion bonding time and bonding status.
The figure is a graph showing the relationship between the bonding temperature and the bonding condition of diffusion bonding. (10) - Plate heat exchanger, (11)... - Plate, (lla) -... Outer periphery of plate, (12
) -- Heat transfer surface, (13) -- Passage hole, (13a
) - outer periphery of passage hole, (A) - first flow path, (B
)--second flow path. 〃Hide Ehara.・・□°１il、、、、、、／１
Claims (1)
積層し、各プレートの外周部ならびに通路用孔の外周部
同士を拡散接合によって接合させ、各プレート間に第１
の流路と第２の流路とを交互に形成したことを特徴とす
るプレート式11) A plurality of plates each having a passage hole and a heat transfer surface are stacked, and the outer periphery of each plate and the outer periphery of the passage hole are joined by diffusion bonding, and a first plate is formed between each plate.
A plate type characterized by alternately forming a flow path and a second flow path.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7251784A JPS60216184A (en) | 1984-04-10 | 1984-04-10 | Plate type heat exchanger |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7251784A JPS60216184A (en) | 1984-04-10 | 1984-04-10 | Plate type heat exchanger |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS60216184A true JPS60216184A (en) | 1985-10-29 |
Family
ID=13491603
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7251784A Pending JPS60216184A (en) | 1984-04-10 | 1984-04-10 | Plate type heat exchanger |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS60216184A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62200191A (en) * | 1986-02-25 | 1987-09-03 | Hisaka Works Ltd | Plate type heat exchanger |
| JPH08511863A (en) * | 1993-06-17 | 1996-12-10 | アルファ ラヴァル サーマル アーベー | Plate heat exchanger |
| US5638899A (en) * | 1992-01-27 | 1997-06-17 | Alfa-Laval Thermal Ab | Welded plate heat exchanger |
| JP2019168190A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2019-10-03 | 株式会社富士通ゼネラル | Metal laminate and method of manufacturing metal laminate |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5542917A (en) * | 1978-09-15 | 1980-03-26 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Ornamental vertical flume |
| JPS5896987A (en) * | 1981-12-03 | 1983-06-09 | Hisaka Works Ltd | Plate type heat exchanger |
-
1984
- 1984-04-10 JP JP7251784A patent/JPS60216184A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5542917A (en) * | 1978-09-15 | 1980-03-26 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Ornamental vertical flume |
| JPS5896987A (en) * | 1981-12-03 | 1983-06-09 | Hisaka Works Ltd | Plate type heat exchanger |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62200191A (en) * | 1986-02-25 | 1987-09-03 | Hisaka Works Ltd | Plate type heat exchanger |
| US5638899A (en) * | 1992-01-27 | 1997-06-17 | Alfa-Laval Thermal Ab | Welded plate heat exchanger |
| JPH08511863A (en) * | 1993-06-17 | 1996-12-10 | アルファ ラヴァル サーマル アーベー | Plate heat exchanger |
| JP2019168190A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2019-10-03 | 株式会社富士通ゼネラル | Metal laminate and method of manufacturing metal laminate |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US5553770A (en) | Heat exchanger assemblies-material for use therin, and a method of making the material | |
| JP3448265B2 (en) | Manufacturing method of titanium plate heat exchanger | |
| JP2011117720A (en) | Plate heat exchanger | |
| JP5084260B2 (en) | Brazing material, brazing composite material and brazing structure brazed and bonded using the same | |
| JP2001116483A (en) | Plate heat-exchanger | |
| JPS60216184A (en) | Plate type heat exchanger | |
| KR101646484B1 (en) | Plate Heat Exchangers having copper connectors's manufacturing method | |
| JPH08271175A (en) | Stainless steel plate laminated heat exchanger, and its production | |
| JP2001001133A (en) | Brazing jointing method | |
| US4541480A (en) | Heat exchanger and method for joining plates thereof | |
| JPS58128236A (en) | Manufacture of heat collector | |
| TWI640741B (en) | Titanium plate heat exchanger and the method of producing the same | |
| JPH09324996A (en) | Plate-type heat exchanger and its manufacturing method | |
| JP4234918B2 (en) | Brazing composite material for heat exchanger and heat exchanger using the same | |
| JP2000111292A (en) | Plate-fin heat exchanger | |
| JPS5915742B2 (en) | Method for manufacturing laminate for heat exchanger | |
| JP2000274987A (en) | Plate finned heat exchanger | |
| JPS60222665A (en) | Aluminium bellows and manufacturing method thereof | |
| JPH01247991A (en) | Heat exchanger and manufacture thereof | |
| JPH0365572A (en) | Blazing plate and method for bonding ceramic part to al part | |
| JPS59150662A (en) | Joining method of steel material and copper material | |
| JPS5989998A (en) | Heat exchange plate | |
| JPS62230474A (en) | Heat exchanger | |
| JPH1183372A (en) | Laminated heat exchanger and its manufacture | |
| JPS63306031A (en) | Titanium-based metal clad steel and manufacture thereof |