JPS6017415A - Camera provided with range finder optical system placed in ttl finder - Google Patents
Camera provided with range finder optical system placed in ttl finderInfo
- Publication number
- JPS6017415A JPS6017415A JP12570083A JP12570083A JPS6017415A JP S6017415 A JPS6017415 A JP S6017415A JP 12570083 A JP12570083 A JP 12570083A JP 12570083 A JP12570083 A JP 12570083A JP S6017415 A JPS6017415 A JP S6017415A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- prism
- lens
- light
- finder
- photographic lens
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Automatic Focus Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明はカメラ、特に撮影系の少くとも一部を視野確認
と測距の目的に兼用するカメラに関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a camera, and more particularly to a camera in which at least a part of the photographing system is used for both visual field confirmation and distance measurement.
従来、測距用光源としての赤外発光ダイオード（ｉＲＥ
Ｄ）や赤外の牛導体レーザー（ＬＤ）からの光を被写体
に投光し、被写体からのその反射光を受光した受光素子
の出力によシ被写体距離を検知する測距系を備えたカメ
ラが知られている。その多くは撮影系の外部から咳投受
光を行ういわゆる外部測距方式であったが、よシ正確な
測距の為に撮影系の全体又は一部を測距用の投光及び／
又は受光のだめの光学系として利用するいわゆるＴＴＬ
方式が提案されている。これらは撮影系中にビームスグ
リツタ−を設は撮影光と測距光の分離を行っている。ビ
ームスノリツタ−としては強度分割型のいわゆるノ・−
フミラーや波長領域分割型のいわゆるダイクロイックミ
ラーが用いられている。Conventionally, an infrared light emitting diode (iRE) was used as a light source for distance measurement.
A camera equipped with a distance measuring system that projects light from an infrared conductor laser (LD) onto a subject and detects the distance to the subject based on the output of a light receiving element that receives the reflected light from the subject. It has been known. Most of these systems are so-called external distance measuring methods in which light is emitted and received from outside the photographing system, but in order to achieve more accurate distance measurement, the entire or part of the photographing system is used to project and/or receive light for distance measurement.
Or so-called TTL, which is used as an optical system for receiving light.
A method has been proposed. In these systems, a beam sinter is installed in the photographing system to separate the photographing light and the ranging light. As a beam snoritter, there is an intensity splitting type so-called no-
A so-called dichroic mirror or a wavelength region dividing type dichroic mirror is used.
しかしこれらのビームスプリッタ−は多層膜蒸着、接合
など製造上の難点が多く、コストも高く、更に、撮影光
に明るさや色特性上の影響を与えるという欠点がある。However, these beam splitters have many manufacturing difficulties such as multilayer film deposition and bonding, are high in cost, and have the further disadvantage that they affect the brightness and color characteristics of the photographing light.
一方、撮影系から分割された光束を受け入れるＴＴＬフ
ァインダー中に同様のビームスシリツタ−を用いるもの
もあるが、この場合撮影系に対しては影響が無いけれど
もファインダーの見えが悪くなるという欠点がある。On the other hand, there are some TTL finders that use a similar beam sinter that accepts the divided light flux from the photographing system, but in this case, although it has no effect on the photographing system, it has the disadvantage that the view of the finder becomes poor. .
本発明は上述従来例の欠点を除去し、ビームスノリッタ
ーを用いずにファインダー用光束と測距用光束とを分け
て導くことのできるＴＴＬ７フインダーを備えたＴＴＬ
測距方式のカメラを提供することを目的とする。The present invention eliminates the drawbacks of the conventional example described above, and provides a TTL7 finder that can separate and guide a finder light beam and a ranging light beam without using a beam snoritter.
The purpose is to provide a distance-measuring camera.
本発明の特徴は、全反射プリズムを用いるＴＴＬファイ
ンダーを備えたカメラにおいて、該全反射プリズムの全
反射面を、撮影レンズを通った可視光束についてはこれ
をファインダー接眼部に導くべく全反射するけれども、
撮影レンズを通る測距用非可視光束についてはこれを屈
折透過させるような角度に設定し、且つ、該全反射プリ
ズムの近傍に、該全反射面を屈折透過して撮影レンズを
通して投光さるべき測距用非可視光束を該全反射面に向
ける測距用の投光光学系もしくは撮影レンズを通って該
全反射面を屈折透過した測距用非可視光束を受ける測距
用受光光学系またはその両者を配置したことにある。A feature of the present invention is that in a camera equipped with a TTL finder using a total reflection prism, the total reflection surface of the total reflection prism totally reflects the visible light flux that has passed through the photographic lens in order to guide it to the viewfinder eyepiece. However,
The invisible light flux for distance measurement passing through the photographic lens should be set at an angle that allows it to be refracted and transmitted, and should be projected near the total reflection prism through the photographic lens after being refracted and transmitted through the total reflection surface. a light projecting optical system for distance measurement that directs the invisible light beam for distance measurement toward the total reflection surface; or a light reception optical system for distance measurement that receives the invisible light beam for distance measurement that is refracted and transmitted through the total reflection surface after passing through a photographing lens; The reason lies in the placement of both.
以下図面に従って説明する。第１図は本発明の一実施例
を示すもので撮影レンズ系１、可動全反射ミラー２、ピ
ント板３、コンデンサーレンズ４、第１プリズム５、第
２ダハプリズム６、接眼レンズ７で構成されたＴＴＬフ
ァインダーを有する一部レフカメラにおいてプリズム５
の第一反射面は可視光が全反射をする角度に設定しであ
る。よシ詳しく言うと、プリズムに用いていられる材質
例えばガラスやグラスチックは可視光と比較して赤外光
に対しては屈折率が低く、従って全反射を起こす臨界角
が大きいことに着目して、プリズム５に入射した測距用
の赤外光は第一反射面で屈折透過するが可視光はプリズ
ム５で二回全反射して屋根型面を有するプリズム６で二
回反射され接眼レンズ７に達し眼に導かれるようにプリ
ズム５の第一反射面、）角度を設定しである。プリズム
５の第一反射面を屈折透過した測距用赤外光束は光路補
正用の補助プリズム８、受光レンズ９を経て受光素子１
０に入射する。上記は被写体で反射して撮影レンズを通
った測距用の赤外光を受光する受光系についての説明で
あるが、受光レンズ９を投光レンズに、また受光素子１
０を赤外光源に置換えることによシ、測距用赤外光を撮
影レンズを通して被写体に投光するための投光系を構成
することも可能であシ、これら投光系と受光系とをプリ
ズム５の近傍に並列配置とすることで投光および受光の
両党路をプリズム５を介在させて形成できる。This will be explained below according to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention, which is composed of a photographic lens system 1, a movable total reflection mirror 2, a focusing plate 3, a condenser lens 4, a first prism 5, a second roof prism 6, and an eyepiece lens 7. Prism 5 on some reflex cameras with TTL finder
The first reflecting surface of is set at an angle that causes total reflection of visible light. To be more specific, we focused on the fact that the materials used for prisms, such as glass and plastic, have a lower refractive index for infrared light than for visible light, and therefore have a large critical angle for total internal reflection. The infrared light for distance measurement that enters the prism 5 is refracted and transmitted by the first reflecting surface, but the visible light is totally reflected twice by the prism 5 and reflected twice by the prism 6 having a roof-shaped surface, and then passes through the eyepiece lens 7. The angle of the first reflective surface of the prism 5 is set so that it reaches the eye and is guided to the eye. The infrared light beam for distance measurement that has been refracted and transmitted through the first reflecting surface of the prism 5 passes through an auxiliary prism 8 for optical path correction and a light receiving lens 9 to the light receiving element 1.
0. The above is an explanation of a light receiving system that receives infrared light for distance measurement that is reflected by a subject and passes through a photographic lens.
By replacing 0 with an infrared light source, it is also possible to configure a light projection system for projecting infrared light for distance measurement onto the subject through the photographic lens, and these light projection and light receiving systems By arranging them in parallel near the prism 5, a path for both light emission and light reception can be formed with the prism 5 interposed.
従来技術のようにプリズム５の第一反射面をノ・−７ミ
ラー又はダイクロイックミラーとし、これに補助プリズ
ム８を接合した構成の場合には、補助プリズムとの接合
面を７アインダ一全光束をカバーする大きさにすること
でファインダー内の明るさを均一にすることはできても
ハーフミラ−又はダイクロイ、クミラーの特性からファ
インダ光束に多少の色つきは免れない。これに対し本発
明の上記実施例によればファインダー可視光束は全反射
によシ導いているためファインダーとしての特性劣化は
ない。In the case of a configuration in which the first reflecting surface of the prism 5 is a No.-7 mirror or a dichroic mirror, and the auxiliary prism 8 is joined to this as in the prior art, the joining surface with the auxiliary prism is a 7-inder which directs the total luminous flux. Even if it is possible to make the brightness within the finder uniform by making it large enough to cover, the finder light flux will inevitably have some coloring due to the characteristics of a half mirror, dichroic mirror, or mirror. On the other hand, according to the above-described embodiment of the present invention, the finder visible light flux is guided by total reflection, so there is no deterioration in the characteristics of the finder.
第２図は第１図の構成において補助プリズム８を省略し
た実施例であシ、収差的には第１図の実施例に比較して
劣るが、部品点数の減少を図ることができる。FIG. 2 shows an embodiment in which the auxiliary prism 8 is omitted from the configuration of FIG. 1. Although the embodiment is inferior to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in terms of aberrations, it is possible to reduce the number of parts.
第３図は更に他の実施例を示すものである。すなわちプ
リズム５．６の代シに一眼レフカメラのファインダに最
も一般的に使用されるペンタダノ・プリズムを用いた場
合の例である。ペンタダ７１グリズム１１の屋根型反射
面は該プリズムに低層ＭＦ率の材料を用いるとピント板
の全ての部位ｄ−ら来る光束を全反射することができず
一部に力為げシ現象を生ずるので、この面に銀又はアル
ミニウムの反射膜を蒸着することが一般的である。し力
）し該プリズム１１に高屈折率の材料を用いることによ
シ上記反射膜の蒸着を省略できることは既に知られてい
る。このような材質のプリズム１１を用いる場合でも、
角度を適切に設定することによシ、その屋根型反射面で
全ての可視光を全反射させながら、赤外光を屈折透過さ
せるようにするとと〃；できる。FIG. 3 shows yet another embodiment. That is, this is an example in which a pentadano prism, which is most commonly used in the finder of a single-lens reflex camera, is used in place of the prisms 5 and 6. If the roof-shaped reflective surface of the Pentada 71 grism 11 is made of a material with a low MF ratio, it will not be able to totally reflect the light beam coming from all parts of the focusing plate, causing a force distortion phenomenon in some parts. Therefore, it is common to deposit a reflective film of silver or aluminum on this surface. It is already known that by using a material with a high refractive index for the prism 11, the vapor deposition of the reflective film can be omitted. Even when using the prism 11 made of such a material,
By setting the angle appropriately, the roof-shaped reflective surface can completely reflect all visible light while refracting and transmitting infrared light.
第３図の実施例では、そのようなペンタダノ１ノリズム
１１の屋根型反射面に空気間隙を置いて濱１距用赤外光
のための投光用補助プリズム１２、投光用レンズ１３、
投光用光源１４及び受光用補助プリズム１５、受光用レ
ンズ１６、受光素子１７が順次配置されている。この実
施例においても、第１図に示した実施例で述べたと同様
の効果が奏されることは明らかであろう。In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, an air gap is placed in the roof-shaped reflective surface of such a pentadano 1 norism 11, and an auxiliary prism 12 for projecting infrared light for one distance, a projecting lens 13,
A light projecting light source 14, a light receiving auxiliary prism 15, a light receiving lens 16, and a light receiving element 17 are arranged in this order. It will be obvious that this embodiment also provides the same effects as described in the embodiment shown in FIG.
次に上記の各実施例に於ける被写体距離検出の原理の一
例を第４図を用いて述べる。撮影レンズ２４のピント面
２３の光軸上の点に対し投光レンズ２２によ多共役な位
置に赤外光源２工を配置し、同じく受光レンズ２６によ
多共役な位置に二つの領域Ａ、Ｂを有する受光素子２７
を領域Ａ、Ｂの境界が受光レンズ２６の光軸と合致する
ように配置する。光源２１からの赤外光束は投光レンズ
でピント面２３に結像した後、撮影レンズ２４の一部（
Ｃ領域）を通シ被写体に投光される。被写体面２５とピ
ント面２３が共役であれば、す々わちピントが合ってい
れば、光源の像は撮影レンズの光軸上に結像踵撮影レン
ズ２４の一部（Ｄ領域）を通ってピント面２３の光軸上
の点に結像し、さらに受光レンズ２６によシ受光素子２
７上の領域Ａ、Ｈの境界線上に結像する。被写体面２５
が光軸方向に移動すると光源像は光軸と直角方向に移動
し、従ってピント面２３上の光源像も光軸と直角方向に
移動するので、受光レンズ２６によシ結像された光源像
は受光素７２７の領域Ａ、Ｂの境界線から領域Ａ側又は
Ｂ側に移動する。この移動を例えば領域Ａの出力と領域
Ｂの出力の差信号をとることで検知し、撮影レンズ２４
を移動させることによシ常にこの差信号が零となるよう
に制御すれは′被写体とピント面の共役関係すなわちピ
ントの正金を維持することができる。この原理は前記実
施例に適用することができる。Next, an example of the principle of subject distance detection in each of the above embodiments will be described with reference to FIG. An infrared light source 2 is placed at a position polyconjugate to the light emitting lens 22 with respect to a point on the optical axis of the focal plane 23 of the photographing lens 24, and two areas A are placed at positions polyconjugate to the light receiving lens 26. , B
are arranged so that the boundary between regions A and B coincides with the optical axis of the light receiving lens 26. After the infrared light flux from the light source 21 forms an image on the focusing surface 23 by the projecting lens, it is focused on a part of the photographing lens 24 (
C area) is projected onto the subject. If the subject plane 25 and the focus plane 23 are conjugate, if the object is in focus, the image of the light source will pass through a part of the imaging lens 24 (region D) on the optical axis of the imaging lens. The image is focused on a point on the optical axis of the focusing surface 23, and then the light receiving element 2 is focused by the light receiving lens 26.
An image is formed on the boundary line between areas A and H on 7. Subject plane 25
When the light source image moves in the optical axis direction, the light source image moves in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis, and therefore the light source image on the focusing plane 23 also moves in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis, so that the light source image formed by the light receiving lens 26 moves from the boundary line between areas A and B of the light receiving element 727 to the area A side or the area B side. This movement is detected by, for example, taking a difference signal between the output of area A and the output of area B.
By moving the lens so that this difference signal is always zero, it is possible to maintain the conjugate relationship between the subject and the focal plane, that is, the exact focus. This principle can be applied to the embodiments described above.
なお、前記の各実施例は測距用赤外光の投光および受光
の両者を撮影レンズを通して行う測距方式の場合に関す
るものであるが、他−の実施例として投光または受光の
一方のみ撮影レンズを通してファインダの一部を経由す
る前記の構成の光路によって行い、投光または受光の他
方は撮影レンズ系外に配した光学系によって行う実施例
もｏＪ能である。この場合には撮影レンズ糸外に配され
た光学系又は素子を走査させ、受光された信号から被写
体を見込む角度を検知して像影レンズの繰出址と連動さ
せる公知の自動ピント合せの原理を適用するのが好まし
い。Note that each of the above-mentioned embodiments relates to a distance measurement method in which both the emission and reception of infrared light for distance measurement are performed through the photographing lens, but other embodiments include a case in which only one of the emission and reception of infrared light is performed. An embodiment in which the optical path having the above-mentioned configuration passes through the photographic lens and passes through a part of the finder, and the other of light projection and light reception is performed by an optical system disposed outside the photographic lens system, is also possible. In this case, the well-known principle of automatic focusing is used, in which an optical system or element disposed outside the photographic lens is scanned, the angle at which the subject is viewed is detected from the received light signal, and this is linked with the extension of the imaging lens. It is preferable to apply.
以上説明したように本発明によれば、ＴＴＬファインダ
ーの構成要素であるプリズムの面にて可視光束のみを全
反射させてファインダー接訳レンズに導き、測距用の非
可視（例えば赤外）光束のみ該プリズムの面を屈折透過
させて測距を行うのであるから、従来例における如きハ
ーフミラ−やダイクロイックミラー等のビームスノリツ
タ−は使用せず、従って撮影光に影響を与えないはかジ
でな（ＴＴＬ７アインダーの性能にも何ら影響を与えな
いでＴＴＬ測距用光学系をカメラに組込むことが可能で
あシ、しかも製造容易でコストも安いという利点がある
。As explained above, according to the present invention, only the visible light beam is totally reflected on the surface of the prism, which is a component of the TTL finder, and guided to the finder translating lens, and the non-visible (for example, infrared) light beam for distance measurement is Since the distance is measured by refracting and transmitting the prism surface, a beam snortter such as a half mirror or dichroic mirror as in the conventional example is not used. (It is possible to incorporate a TTL distance measuring optical system into a camera without affecting the performance of the TTL7 finder, and it has the advantage of being easy to manufacture and low cost.
第１図は本発明の一実施例を示す構成概要図、第２図は
第１図の構成を部分的に変更した実施例の部分的配置概
要図、第３図は本発明の他の実施例を示す斜視図、第４
図は本発明に適用されるに適した測距原理図である。
１・・・撮影レンズ、 ２・・・可動ミラー、３・・・
ピント板、 ４・・・コンデンサレンズ、５．６・・・
プリズム、 ７・・・接眼レンズ、８・・・補助プリズ
ム、 ９・・・受光レンズ、１０・・・受光素子、 １
１・・・ペンタダハプリズム、１２・・・投光用補助プ
リズム、
１３・・・投光用レンズ、１４・・・投光用ブ０源、１
５・・・受光用補助プリズム、
１６・・・受光用レンズ、１７・・・受光素子、２１・
・・赤外光源、 ２２・・・投光用レンズ、２３・・・
ピント面、 ２４・・・撮影レンズ、２５・・・被写体
面、 ２６・・・受光用レンズ、２７・・・受光素子。
第３図FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a partial layout schematic diagram of an embodiment in which the configuration of FIG. 1 is partially changed, and FIG. 3 is another embodiment of the present invention. Perspective view showing an example, 4th
The figure is a diagram of a distance measurement principle suitable for application to the present invention. 1...Photographing lens, 2...Movable mirror, 3...
Focusing board, 4... Condenser lens, 5.6...
Prism, 7... Eyepiece lens, 8... Auxiliary prism, 9... Light receiving lens, 10... Light receiving element, 1
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1...Penta roof prism, 12...Auxiliary prism for light projection, 13...Lens for light projection, 14...B0 source for light projection, 1
5... Light receiving auxiliary prism, 16... Light receiving lens, 17... Light receiving element, 21...
...Infrared light source, 22...Lens for projection, 23...
Focus plane, 24... Photographing lens, 25... Subject plane, 26... Light receiving lens, 27... Light receiving element. Figure 3
Claims (1)
へ導くファインダーを備えたカメラにおいて、該全反射
プリズムの全反射面を撮影レンズを通った可視光束は全
反射するが撮影レンズを通る測距用非可視光束は屈折透
過させるような角度に設定し、上記全反射プリズムの近
傍に該全反射面を屈折透過する測距用非可視光束を導く
測距用の光学系を配置したことを特徴とするカメラ。In a camera equipped with a finder that guides the light flux that has passed through the photographic lens to the eyepiece through a total reflection prism, the visible light flux that has passed through the photographic lens is totally reflected on the total reflection surface of the total reflection prism, but passes through the photographic lens. The angle is set so that the invisible light beam for distance measurement is refracted and transmitted, and an optical system for distance measurement is arranged near the total reflection prism to guide the invisible light beam for distance measurement that is refracted and transmitted through the total reflection surface. A camera featuring
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12570083A JPS6017415A (en) | 1983-07-11 | 1983-07-11 | Camera provided with range finder optical system placed in ttl finder |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12570083A JPS6017415A (en) | 1983-07-11 | 1983-07-11 | Camera provided with range finder optical system placed in ttl finder |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6017415A true JPS6017415A (en) | 1985-01-29 |
Family
ID=14916547
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12570083A Pending JPS6017415A (en) | 1983-07-11 | 1983-07-11 | Camera provided with range finder optical system placed in ttl finder |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6017415A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2017067836A (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2017-04-06 | リコーイメージング株式会社 | Ocular optical system |
-
1983
- 1983-07-11 JP JP12570083A patent/JPS6017415A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2017067836A (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2017-04-06 | リコーイメージング株式会社 | Ocular optical system |
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