JPS60138051A - Heat resistant cast iron - Google Patents

Heat resistant cast iron

Info

Publication number
JPS60138051A
JPS60138051A JP25033783A JP25033783A JPS60138051A JP S60138051 A JPS60138051 A JP S60138051A JP 25033783 A JP25033783 A JP 25033783A JP 25033783 A JP25033783 A JP 25033783A JP S60138051 A JPS60138051 A JP S60138051A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
cast iron
heat
thermal
cylinder head
durability
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP25033783A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Masami Suzuki
鈴木 正実
Tsutomu Sekiguchi
関口 勉
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toyota Motor Corp
Original Assignee
Toyota Motor Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toyota Motor Corp filed Critical Toyota Motor Corp
Priority to JP25033783A priority Critical patent/JPS60138051A/en
Publication of JPS60138051A publication Critical patent/JPS60138051A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve the heat check resistance and durability of cast iron and to make the cast iron suitable for use as the material of a cylinder head by adding very small amounts of Cr, Mo, V and Ni+Cu to the cast iron and forming a pearlite structure. CONSTITUTION:This cast iron consists of, by weight, 3.5-3.9% C, 1.7-2.2% Si, 0.5-1.0% Mn, 0.1-0.5% Cr, 0.2-1.0% Mo, 0.1-0.4% V, 0.2-2.0% Ni+Cu and the balance Fe with inevitable impurities. By the composition, a low Young's modulus, a high yield point at high temp. and superior heat conductivity are provided, and a pearlite matrix structure which is stable at high temp. is formed. Since the heat check resistance and durability of the cast iron are improved by the composition, the cast iron can be used as a material for a cylinder for a diesel engine used under severe thermal load, and the cost can be reduced.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は、耐熱鋳鉄に関し、詳しくは、鋳鉄にCr−、
80% V、Nl + Cu0)適当量を複合添加して
、耐熱疲労性を向上させることにより、°熱負荷の厳し
いディーゼルエンジンの、シリンダヘッドに好適に適用
できる耐熱鋳鉄にかかる。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to heat-resistant cast iron, and more specifically, the present invention relates to heat-resistant cast iron.
By adding an appropriate amount of 80% V, Nl + Cu0) in a composite manner to improve heat fatigue resistance, this heat-resistant cast iron can be suitably applied to cylinder heads of diesel engines, which are subjected to severe heat loads.

〔従来技術〕[Prior art]

成年、ディーゼルエンジンの高出力・高性能化に伴い、
そのシリンダヘッドに対する熱負荷がますます苛酷とな
り、特に熱負荷の厳しい弁間部において、熱疲労現象に
起因した、熱亀裂が発生するという問題が生じている。
With the increasing output and performance of diesel engines,
The thermal load on the cylinder head has become increasingly severe, and a problem has arisen in which thermal cracks occur due to thermal fatigue phenomena, particularly in the valve space where the thermal load is severe.

この熱疲労現象は、シリンダヘッド下面が燃焼室から伝
達された熱によって加熱され、材料は熱膨張しようとす
るが、シリンダヘッドが拘束されているため、圧縮応力
が作用することにより降伏して収縮し、エンジンの運転
が停止されて、シリンダヘッドが冷えると(、シリンダ
ヘッドが拘束された状態で材料が熱収縮しようとするた
め、前述の加熱状態時に圧縮降伏変形した部位に引張応
力が発生する。
This thermal fatigue phenomenon occurs when the lower surface of the cylinder head is heated by the heat transferred from the combustion chamber, and the material tries to expand thermally, but since the cylinder head is restrained, compressive stress acts on it, causing it to yield and contract. However, when the engine is stopped and the cylinder head cools down, the material tries to shrink due to heat while the cylinder head is restrained, so tensile stress is generated in the area that was deformed by compressive yield during the heating state described above. .

このような、エンジンの運転・停止に伴う、シリンダヘ
ッド材料に発生する、引張・圧縮応力の繰り返しによっ
て、熱亀裂が発生するものである。
Thermal cracks occur due to repeated tensile and compressive stress generated in the cylinder head material as the engine starts and stops.

従来、このシリンダヘッドの熱亀裂対策として、■、水
冷によりシリンダヘッド表面温度を低下させる。
Conventionally, as a countermeasure against thermal cracks in the cylinder head, (1) water cooling is used to lower the cylinder head surface temperature.

■、シリンダヘッド材料(鋳鉄)に、Crs Mo等の
耐熱性向上元素を添加して、シリンダヘッド材料の熱疲
労耐久性を向上させる。
(2) A heat resistance improving element such as Crs Mo is added to the cylinder head material (cast iron) to improve the thermal fatigue durability of the cylinder head material.

等が試みられている。etc. are being attempted.

しかし、最近では、このような従来の対策だけでは、熱
亀裂耐久性を確保できないような、高山−カディーゼル
エンジンの設計がなされており、これに対処できる熱亀
裂耐久性に優れた、ディーゼルエンジンのシリンダヘッ
ド用耐熱鋳鉄の開発が望まれている。
However, recently, Takayama diesel engines have been designed in such a way that it is not possible to ensure durability against thermal cracks with these conventional measures alone. The development of heat-resistant cast iron for cylinder heads is desired.

〔発明の目的〕[Purpose of the invention]

本発明は、従来のディーゼルエンジンのシリンダヘッド
用材料(鋳鉄)に、微量のCr、 Mo、V。
The present invention adds trace amounts of Cr, Mo, and V to the conventional diesel engine cylinder head material (cast iron).

Ni十Cuを添加することにより、低ヤング率で、高い
高温降伏点と優れた熱伝導を有するとともに、高温にお
いて安定なパーライト組織とすることによって、熱亀裂
耐久性を向上させて、熱負荷の厳しいディーゼルエンジ
ンのシリンダヘッドに、好適に適用でき、しかも、材料
を低コストとした耐熱鋳鉄を、提供することを目的とし
ている。
By adding Ni and Cu, it has a low Young's modulus, a high high-temperature yield point, and excellent thermal conductivity. It also creates a pearlite structure that is stable at high temperatures, improving thermal cracking durability and reducing heat load. The purpose of the present invention is to provide heat-resistant cast iron that can be suitably applied to the harsh cylinder heads of diesel engines and is made of low-cost material.

〔発明の構成〕[Structure of the invention]

このような目的は、本発明によれば、重量比率で、C+
 3.5〜3.9%、Si;1.7〜2.2%、MrB
O,5〜1.0%、Cr; 0.1〜0.5%、Mo;
 0.2〜1゜0%、ViO,1〜0.4%、Ni+C
uHO,2〜20%、残部Feおよび不可避の不純物か
らなる耐熱鋳鉄であって、 高い高温降伏点を有し、高温において安定なパーライト
基地組織としたことを特徴とする耐熱鋳鉄によって達成
される。
Such an objective is achieved according to the invention by weight proportions of C+
3.5-3.9%, Si; 1.7-2.2%, MrB
O, 5-1.0%, Cr; 0.1-0.5%, Mo;
0.2-1°0%, ViO, 1-0.4%, Ni+C
This is achieved by a heat-resistant cast iron consisting of uHO, 2 to 20%, the balance Fe, and unavoidable impurities, which has a high high-temperature yield point and is characterized by a pearlite matrix structure that is stable at high temperatures.

〔発明の作用〕[Action of the invention]

以下、本発明の作用について説明する。 Hereinafter, the effects of the present invention will be explained.

まず、本発明の耐熱鋳鉄を構成する各成分の、範囲限定
理由について述べる。
First, the reason for limiting the range of each component constituting the heat-resistant cast iron of the present invention will be described.

なお、以下の説明において、合金元素の含有量はすべて
重量比率(%)で表示する。
In addition, in the following description, all contents of alloying elements are expressed in weight ratio (%).

本発明において、Cは、溶湯に流動性をもたせ鋳造性を
良好にするとともに、熱伝導率を高め、ヤング率を低下
させるためには、3.5%以上含有して黒鉛量を増すこ
とが望ましいが、3.9%を越えると、材質が脆弱とな
るとともに、機械加工性が劣化するので、3.5〜3.
9%とした。
In the present invention, in order to impart fluidity to the molten metal and improve castability, increase thermal conductivity, and lower Young's modulus, C should be contained at 3.5% or more to increase the amount of graphite. It is desirable, but if it exceeds 3.9%, the material becomes brittle and machinability deteriorates, so 3.5 to 3.
It was set at 9%.

Stは、鋳造性を悪化させないために、1.7%以上必
要であるが、2.2%を越えると熱伝導率を低下させ、
材料内の温度ムラを生じやすくなるため、1.7〜2.
2%とした。
St is required to be 1.7% or more in order not to deteriorate castability, but if it exceeds 2.2%, the thermal conductivity decreases,
1.7 to 2. This tends to cause temperature unevenness within the material.
It was set at 2%.

Mnは、基地パーライトの安定化と、不純物として不可
避のSの弊害を防止するため、0.5%以上必要である
が、1.0%を越えると材料(鋳鉄)が白銑化しやす(
脆弱となりやすいため、0.5〜1゜0%とした。
Mn is required in an amount of 0.5% or more in order to stabilize base pearlite and prevent the adverse effects of S, which is inevitable as an impurity, but if it exceeds 1.0%, the material (cast iron) tends to become white (
Since it tends to become brittle, it was set at 0.5 to 1.0%.

Crは、基地パーライトの高温安定化、とりわけ、50
0℃までのパーライトの分解を阻止するに有効な元素で
、その効果を発揮するには0.1%以上必要であるが、
0.5%を越えると遊離炭化物が析出して、材質を脆弱
とするので、0,1〜0.5%とした。
Cr is used for high-temperature stabilization of base pearlite, especially for 50
It is an effective element to prevent the decomposition of pearlite down to 0℃, and 0.1% or more is required to exhibit its effect.
If it exceeds 0.5%, free carbides will precipitate, making the material brittle, so it is set at 0.1 to 0.5%.

Moは高温強度、とりわけ、高温降伏点を向上させるた
めに有効な元素で、その効果を発揮するには062%以
上必要であるが、1.0%を越えると添加量に見合った
改善効果が得られないばかりでなく、鋳造欠陥を発生し
やすくなるため、 0.2〜160%とした。
Mo is an effective element for improving high-temperature strength, especially high-temperature yield point.More than 0.62% is required to exhibit this effect, but if it exceeds 1.0%, the improvement effect commensurate with the amount added is not achieved. Not only is this not possible, but also casting defects are likely to occur, so it was set at 0.2 to 160%.

■は、Mo含有による高温強度向上をさらに高めるのに
有効な元素で、その効果を発揮するには、0、1%以上
必要であるが、0.4%を越えると、遊離炭化物を析出
して材質を脆弱とするので、0.1〜0.4%とした。
■ is an element that is effective in further increasing the high-temperature strength improvement due to Mo content, and requires 0.1% or more to exhibit its effect, but if it exceeds 0.4%, free carbides will precipitate. Since this makes the material brittle, the content was set at 0.1 to 0.4%.

また、Ni+Cuの複合添加において、Niは黒鉛化を
助長する元素であり、本発明鋳鉄のように炭素含有量が
比較的高く、しかも、炭化物形成能の強いCr、耽、■
を含有する鋳鉄に添加すると、材質を脆弱する遊離化物
の形成を抑制するのに有効である。
In addition, in the composite addition of Ni + Cu, Ni is an element that promotes graphitization.
When added to cast iron containing , it is effective in suppressing the formation of free compounds that weaken the material.

しかし、Niは高価な元素であることから、Niと同様
に炭化物形成抑制能のあるCuを複合添加することによ
って、Niの一部を代替して材料コストの低減をはかる
ことができる。
However, since Ni is an expensive element, it is possible to reduce the material cost by adding Cu, which has the ability to suppress carbide formation like Ni, in combination to replace part of Ni.

そして、Ni+Cuの複合添加の効果を発揮するには、
0.2%以上必要であるが、2.0%を越えて添加して
も、それに見合う改善効果が期待できないことから0.
2〜1.0%とした。
In order to exhibit the effect of the combined addition of Ni+Cu,
It is necessary to add 0.2% or more, but even if it is added in excess of 2.0%, no commensurate improvement effect can be expected.
It was set at 2 to 1.0%.

本発明の耐熱鋳鉄は、上述の成分を上述の範囲で添加す
ることにより、ヤング率を低下させ、その結果として弾
性変形能を改良し、しかも、高い高温降伏点と優れた熱
伝導率を有するとともに、高温において安定な基地組織
とすることによって、熱亀裂耐久性を向上させることが
できるばかりでなく、材料コストを低減できるものであ
る。
The heat-resistant cast iron of the present invention reduces Young's modulus by adding the above-mentioned components in the above-mentioned ranges, and as a result improves elastic deformability, and also has a high high-temperature yield point and excellent thermal conductivity. In addition, by creating a base structure that is stable at high temperatures, it is possible not only to improve thermal cracking durability but also to reduce material costs.

〔実施例〕〔Example〕

以下、表および添付図面に基づいて、本発明の詳細な説
明する。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on the tables and the accompanying drawings.

実施例1 電気−油圧サーボ方式熱疲労試験機により、本発明鋳鉄
の耐熱疲労性を、従来材を比較材として評価した。
Example 1 The thermal fatigue resistance of the cast iron of the present invention was evaluated using a conventional material as a comparison material using an electric-hydraulic servo type thermal fatigue tester.

第1表に、熱疲労試験に供した、供試材の化学成分を示
す。
Table 1 shows the chemical components of the sample materials subjected to the thermal fatigue test.

熱疲労試験は、φ10nmの丸棒試験片を用い、冷却下
限温度を50℃一定とし1.、加熱上限温度を400℃
、450℃の2水準に変化させ、加熱・冷却サイクルを
、lサイクル10分として試験した。
In the thermal fatigue test, a round bar test piece with a diameter of 10 nm was used, and the lower limit cooling temperature was kept constant at 50°C.1. , heating upper limit temperature to 400℃
, and 450° C., and the heating/cooling cycle was tested at 1 cycle of 10 minutes.

なお、試験片は熱疲労試験中、完全な拘束状態とした。Note that the test piece was completely restrained during the thermal fatigue test.

第1図に、熱疲労試験結果を示す。Figure 1 shows the thermal fatigue test results.

この結果から明らかなように、Crs MO% Vs 
Ns+Cuを複合添加した本発明鋳鉄は、従来材である
比較材■、比較材■および比較材■に比べて、明らかに
耐熱疲労性が優れていることが理解される。
As is clear from this result, Crs MO% Vs
It is understood that the cast iron of the present invention to which Ns+Cu is added in combination has clearly superior thermal fatigue resistance compared to the conventional materials Comparative Material (2), Comparative Material (2), and Comparative Material (3).

実施例2 急速加熱・急速冷却を繰り返す熱衝撃試験により、本発
明鋳鉄および従来材としての比較材の耐熱衝撃性を評価
した。
Example 2 Thermal shock resistance of the cast iron of the present invention and a comparative material as a conventional material was evaluated by a thermal shock test in which rapid heating and rapid cooling were repeated.

用いた供試材は、実施例1と同様に、第1表に示す成分
の鋳鉄である。
The sample material used was cast iron having the components shown in Table 1, as in Example 1.

/゛ 試験は、外形φ100mm、外周板圧511111%中
心部にφ5IllI11の孔を有し、中心部φ60の範
囲で板厚3II1mの、円板状試験片を用いて、バーナ
ーにより試験片中心部を、平均加熱速度15℃/秒で4
50℃まで加熱後、直ちに水冷して35℃まで冷却した
/゛The test was carried out using a disk-shaped specimen with an outer diameter of 100 mm, a peripheral plate pressure of 511111%, a hole of 5 IllI11 in the center, and a plate thickness of 3 II 1 m in the range of 60 in the center. , 4 at an average heating rate of 15°C/sec.
After heating to 50°C, the mixture was immediately cooled with water to 35°C.

なお、この時の平均冷却速度は1500℃/秒であった
Note that the average cooling rate at this time was 1500°C/sec.

また、加熱・冷却サイクルは、1サイクル150秒とし
た。
Moreover, the heating/cooling cycle was set to 150 seconds per cycle.

第2図に、熱衝撃試験結果を示す。Figure 2 shows the thermal shock test results.

第2図から明らかなように、本発明鋳鉄は、従来材とし
ての比較材■、比較材■および比較材■に比べて、耐熱
衝撃性には優れていることが理解される。
As is clear from FIG. 2, it is understood that the cast iron of the present invention has superior thermal shock resistance compared to the conventional materials Comparative Materials ■, Comparative Materials ■, and Comparative Materials ■.

実施例3 本発明鋳鉄および従来材としての比較材を用いて、2.
4Jデイーゼルターボエンジン用シリンダヘツドを製作
し、ベンチ苛酷耐久試験により耐久性を評価した。
Example 3 Using the cast iron of the present invention and a comparative material as a conventional material, 2.
A cylinder head for a 4J diesel turbo engine was manufactured and its durability was evaluated through a bench severe durability test.

第2表に、試験を供した供試品の化学成分を示す。Table 2 shows the chemical components of the samples tested.

第2表 供試品の化学成分(重量%) 比較品■は、JIS規格FC25の普通鋳鉄で製作した
もの、比較品■は、Cを本発明鋳鉄レベルまで高め、C
rs MO% Niを複合添加した合金鋳鉄で製作した
ものである。
Table 2 Chemical composition of the sample (wt%) Comparative product ■ is made of ordinary cast iron of JIS standard FC25, comparative product ■ is manufactured with C increased to the level of the cast iron of the present invention, and C
rs MO% Manufactured from alloyed cast iron with composite addition of Ni.

試験は、440 Orpts全負荷5分と1000 r
ptaアイドル運転5分の繰り返し冷熱サイクルを、5
00時間実施して評価した。
The test consisted of 440 orpts full load 5 minutes and 1000 r
Repeated cooling/heating cycle of 5 minutes of PTA idle operation, 5
The evaluation was carried out for 00 hours.

なお、全負荷時の冷却水温は110℃、アイドル運転時
の冷却水温は40℃であった。
Note that the cooling water temperature during full load was 110°C, and the cooling water temperature during idle operation was 40°C.

第3表に、ベンチ苛酷耐久試験結果を示す。Table 3 shows the bench severe durability test results.

評価品の耐久性は、弁間部に発生した熱亀裂長さで評価
した。
The durability of the evaluation product was evaluated based on the length of thermal cracks that occurred in the intervalve area.

晋通鋳鉄で製作されたシリンダヘッド比較品■には、3
.2〜4.0 mmの熱亀裂が発生した。
The cylinder head comparison product made by Jintong cast iron has 3
.. A thermal crack of 2 to 4.0 mm occurred.

また、Cを本発明鋳鉄まで高め、Cr、 MO% Ni
を複合添加した合金鋳鉄で製作したシリンダヘッド比較
品■は、1.0〜1.5の熱亀裂が発生した。
In addition, C is increased to the present invention cast iron, Cr, MO%Ni
Cylinder head comparison product (2) made of alloyed cast iron with a composite addition of 1.0 to 1.5 thermal cracks occurred.

これらに比較して、本発明鋳鉄で製作したシリンダヘッ
ドには、熱亀裂発生が認められなかった。
In comparison, no thermal cracking was observed in the cylinder head manufactured using the cast iron of the present invention.

以上の結果から、本発明鋳鉄は、熱負荷のきびしてディ
ーゼルエンジンのシリンダヘッドに適用して、優れた熱
亀裂耐久性を確保できるものであることが明らかとなっ
た。
From the above results, it has become clear that the cast iron of the present invention can be applied to cylinder heads of diesel engines, which are subject to severe thermal loads, and can ensure excellent thermal cracking durability.

〔発明の効果〕〔Effect of the invention〕

以上により明らかなように、本発明にかかる耐熱鋳鉄に
よれば、従来のディーゼルエンジンのシリングヘッド用
材料(鋳鉄)に、微量のCr、 Mo、■、Ni+Cu
を添加することにより、低ヤング率で、高い高温降伏点
と優れた熱伝導を有するとともに、高温において安定な
パーライト組織とすることによって、耐熱亀裂耐久性を
向上させて、熱負荷の#1.Lいディーゼルエンジンの
シリンダヘッドに、好適に適用でき、しかも、材料を低
コストとすることができる利点がある。
As is clear from the above, according to the heat-resistant cast iron of the present invention, trace amounts of Cr, Mo, ■, Ni+Cu are added to the conventional diesel engine sill head material (cast iron).
By adding , it has a low Young's modulus, a high high-temperature yield point, and excellent thermal conductivity, and by creating a pearlite structure that is stable at high temperatures, it improves heat cracking resistance and is #1. It has the advantage that it can be suitably applied to the cylinder head of a large-sized diesel engine and can be made of low-cost materials.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図は、本発明鋳鉄の熱疲労試験結果を示すグラフ、 第2図は、本発明鋳鉄の熱衝撃試験結果を示すグラフで
ある。 出願人 トヨタ自2宏閾践
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the thermal fatigue test results of the cast iron of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a graph showing the thermal shock test results of the cast iron of the present invention. Applicant: Toyota Motor Corporation

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 1、重量比率で、Ci 3.5〜3.9%、5iH1,
7〜2.2%、Mll;0.5〜1.0%、Cr;0.
1〜0.5%、Mo; 0.2〜1.0%、Vio、1
〜0.4%、Ni+CuHO82〜2.0%、残部Fe
および不可避の不純物からなる耐熱鋳鉄であって、 低ヤング率で、高い高温降伏点と優れた熱伝導率を有す
るとと5に、高温において安定なパーライト基地組織と
したことを特徴とする耐熱鋳鉄。
[Claims] 1. Ci 3.5-3.9% in weight ratio, 5iH1,
7-2.2%, Mll; 0.5-1.0%, Cr; 0.
1-0.5%, Mo; 0.2-1.0%, Vio, 1
~0.4%, Ni+CuHO82~2.0%, balance Fe
and unavoidable impurities, the heat-resistant cast iron is characterized by having a low Young's modulus, a high high-temperature yield point, and excellent thermal conductivity. .
JP25033783A 1983-12-26 1983-12-26 Heat resistant cast iron Pending JPS60138051A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP25033783A JPS60138051A (en) 1983-12-26 1983-12-26 Heat resistant cast iron

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP25033783A JPS60138051A (en) 1983-12-26 1983-12-26 Heat resistant cast iron

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS60138051A true JPS60138051A (en) 1985-07-22

Family

ID=17206414

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP25033783A Pending JPS60138051A (en) 1983-12-26 1983-12-26 Heat resistant cast iron

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS60138051A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH02310336A (en) * 1989-05-23 1990-12-26 Kiriyuu Kikai Kk Alloy cast iron for friction material
IT201900012738A1 (en) * 2019-07-24 2021-01-24 Freni Brembo Spa CAST IRON, ESPECIALLY FOR DISC BRAKE COMPONENTS

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH02310336A (en) * 1989-05-23 1990-12-26 Kiriyuu Kikai Kk Alloy cast iron for friction material
IT201900012738A1 (en) * 2019-07-24 2021-01-24 Freni Brembo Spa CAST IRON, ESPECIALLY FOR DISC BRAKE COMPONENTS
WO2021014404A1 (en) * 2019-07-24 2021-01-28 Freni Brembo S.P.A. Cast iron, in particular for components of disc brakes

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