JPS5963688A - Panel heater and method of producing same - Google Patents

Panel heater and method of producing same

Info

Publication number
JPS5963688A
JPS5963688A JP56201554A JP20155481A JPS5963688A JP S5963688 A JPS5963688 A JP S5963688A JP 56201554 A JP56201554 A JP 56201554A JP 20155481 A JP20155481 A JP 20155481A JP S5963688 A JPS5963688 A JP S5963688A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
heating element
temperature
carbon black
resin composition
modified polyolefin
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP56201554A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS6325468B2 (en
Inventor
中山 邦之
大滝 恭吏
正嗣 石橋
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fujikura Ltd
Original Assignee
Fujikura Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fujikura Ltd filed Critical Fujikura Ltd
Priority to JP56201554A priority Critical patent/JPS5963688A/en
Publication of JPS5963688A publication Critical patent/JPS5963688A/en
Publication of JPS6325468B2 publication Critical patent/JPS6325468B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Abstract

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた
め要約のデータは記録されません。
(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は、カーボンブラックを配合してなる導電性樹脂
組成物を発熱体素子とする面状発熱体に関する。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a planar heating element whose heating element is a conductive resin composition containing carbon black.

従来、ポリエチレンあるいはボリグロビレンなどの樹脂
に、金属微粉末あるいはカーボンブラックなどを配合し
た導電性樹脂組成物は、その抵抗値が温度変化に対し正
の温度係数、いわゆるPTC特性を示し・特定の温度に
おいて抵抗値が急激に増大することが知られている。そ
のため、発熱体として使用すると、通電により昇温する
が特定の温度範囲において抵抗値が急激に増大;〜て発
熱量を減少させる発熱体自体で、自己温度制御作用ヲ示
し、サーモスタットや温度ヒユーズ等の温度制御素子を
必要とせず、しかも安全であるためヒーター等に利用さ
れている。従って、前記のような導電性樹脂組成物を発
熱体として利用する場合には、長期通電においても定温
を長期間自動的に維持するとともに使用環境条件におけ
る耐熱性等の′安定性がすぐれたものでなければならな
い。
Conventionally, conductive resin compositions made by blending fine metal powder or carbon black with resins such as polyethylene or polyglopylene have a resistance value that exhibits a positive temperature coefficient with respect to temperature changes, the so-called PTC characteristic. It is known that the resistance value increases rapidly. Therefore, when used as a heating element, the temperature rises when energized, but the resistance value increases rapidly in a specific temperature range; It is used in heaters, etc. because it does not require a temperature control element and is safe. Therefore, when using the above-mentioned conductive resin composition as a heating element, it is necessary to use a conductive resin composition that automatically maintains a constant temperature for a long period of time even when energized for a long period of time, and has excellent stability such as heat resistance under the usage environmental conditions. Must.

ところが、この種発熱体には、通電用導体としての電極
線が配設されるので、この発熱体と電極線は密着がよく
ないと電流が発熱体に流れず、温度上昇しない問題を生
ずるにもかかわらず、従来の発熱体の合成樹脂材料にお
いては、電極線の材料である銅やアルミニウム等の金属
との接着性が必ずしも良好でなく、また、電極の酸化等
や、ヒートサイクルによってだんだん両者の密着が悪く
なり、発熱体と電極線との接触抵抗が増大し発熱体に電
流が流れなくなり発熱しなくなる等の欠点があった。
However, this type of heating element is equipped with electrode wires that act as current-carrying conductors, so if the heating element and electrode wires are not in good contact, current will not flow to the heating element and the temperature will not rise. However, conventional synthetic resin materials for heating elements do not necessarily have good adhesion to metals such as copper and aluminum, which are the materials of electrode wires, and they gradually deteriorate due to oxidation of the electrodes or heat cycles. There were drawbacks such as poor adhesion between the heating element and the electrode wire, increased contact resistance between the heating element and the electrode wire, and no current flowing through the heating element and no longer generating heat.

そこで本発明者等は、種々の樹脂材料について鋭意研究
の結果、マレモレ酸変性ポリオレフィンが、合成樹脂及
び金属の両方に接着性良く、またこの種材料には従来材
料よシも高温での使用可能なグレードもあるので、目的
によって材料の選択が容易であり、また発熱体素子上に
設ける被覆材料も熱膨張の差を十分に考慮して組合せて
使用できるのでこの種樹脂材料として好ましいものであ
ることを見出し、本発明に至ったもので、その要旨は、
少なくともマレイン酸変性ポリオレフィンにカーボンブ
ラックを配合してなる導電性樹脂組リオレフインにカー
ボンブラックを配合してなる導電性樹脂組成物よシなる
発熱体素子部とその上に設ける絶縁被覆層とを同時押出
することによって面状発熱体を製造する方法の第2の発
明とに係るものである。
Therefore, as a result of intensive research on various resin materials, the present inventors found that malemoleic acid-modified polyolefin has good adhesion to both synthetic resins and metals, and can be used for this type of material at higher temperatures than conventional materials. It is preferable as this type of resin material because it is available in different grades, so it is easy to select the material depending on the purpose, and the coating material provided on the heating element can be used in combination with sufficient consideration of the difference in thermal expansion. This discovery led to the present invention, the gist of which is as follows:
Co-extrusion of a conductive resin composition made of at least a maleic acid-modified polyolefin blended with carbon black and a heating element element part made of a conductive resin composition made of a lyolefin blended with carbon black and an insulating coating layer provided thereon. This invention relates to a second invention of a method for manufacturing a planar heating element by.

前記マレイン酸変性ポリオレフィンは、ポリプロピレン
やポリエチレンに、ラジカル開始剤およびアルキル芳香
族炭火水素溶媒の存在下でマレイン酸類を反応させて得
るもので、例えば、アトマー(三井石油化学工業株式会
社製)なる商品名で知られるもので、アトマーNEO5
0,アトマーQE305等の種類がある。
The maleic acid-modified polyolefin is obtained by reacting polypropylene or polyethylene with maleic acids in the presence of a radical initiator and an alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon solvent, and is, for example, a product called Atmer (manufactured by Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd.). It is known as Atmar NEO5
0, Atmer QE305 and other types.

このマレイン酸変性ボ′リオレフインには導電性のカー
ボンブラックを適当量均一に配合し導電性合成樹脂とし
、これを成形して発熱体素子上するものである。これに
電極を設は通電したところ発熱し、温度は漸次上昇する
と共に電流値は減少し、約10分間で発熱量と放熱量が
均衡して定常値に達し、そして、印加電圧を相当低下せ
しめてもこの温度変化は少なく、印加電圧を高めると急
激に電流値は減少したが、その表面温度に大きな変化は
なかった。
This maleic acid-modified polyolefin is uniformly blended with an appropriate amount of conductive carbon black to form a conductive synthetic resin, which is molded and applied onto a heating element. When an electrode was placed on this electrode and electricity was applied, it generated heat, and as the temperature gradually rose, the current value decreased, and in about 10 minutes, the amount of heat generated and the amount of heat dissipated were balanced and reached a steady value, and then the applied voltage was significantly reduced. However, this temperature change was small, and when the applied voltage was increased, the current value decreased rapidly, but there was no major change in the surface temperature.

また、前記発熱体を外部よシ赤外線ランプで加熱し、非
通電状態で電極間の抵抗値を測定したところ、裏面温度
35C前後において急激に抵抗値が増大した。
Further, when the heating element was heated with an external infrared lamp and the resistance value between the electrodes was measured in a non-energized state, the resistance value suddenly increased when the back surface temperature was around 35C.

このようにマレイン酸変性ポリオレフィンに導電性のカ
ーボンブラックを配合して得た発熱体素子は・正の抵抗
温度特性を示し、その電気抵抗の温度変化は、第1図の
通りであった。同図において、Aはマレイン酸変性ポリ
オレフィンとして三井石油化学工業株式会社製、アトマ
ーNEO50にカーボンブラックを30部配合したもの
、Bは同シく同社製のアトマーQF、305にカーボン
ブラック30配合合したもの1.Cは同じく同社製のア
トマーNEO50にカーボンブラン250部配合したも
の、Dは同じく同社製のアトマーQE305にカーボン
ブラン250部配合した2のをそまた、前記アトマー樹
脂の軟化温度を調べたところ、ベース材によって異なり
、低密度ポリエチレンベース材においては8.5tZ’
、ポリプロピレンベース材においては130〜150C
(何れもASTMD1525ビカット法による測定値)
を示し、自己温度制御によって前記の電気抵抗の顕著な
増大を示す温度は、ベースレジンの軟化点によって自己
制御温度範囲をかえることができることも明らかになっ
た。
The heating element obtained by blending conductive carbon black with maleic acid-modified polyolefin exhibited positive resistance-temperature characteristics, and the temperature change in electrical resistance was as shown in FIG. In the same figure, A is maleic acid-modified polyolefin made by Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd., Atomer NEO 50 mixed with 30 parts of carbon black, and B is also made by the same company, Atomer QF, 305 mixed with 30 parts of carbon black. Thing 1. C is a mixture of Atomer NEO50, also manufactured by the same company, with 250 parts of carbon bran, and D is a mixture of Atmer QE305, also manufactured by the same company, with 250 parts of carbon bran. Varies depending on the material, 8.5tZ' for low density polyethylene base material
, 130-150C for polypropylene base material
(All values measured by ASTM D1525 Vicat method)
It has also become clear that the self-control temperature range can be changed by changing the softening point of the base resin at a temperature at which the electric resistance significantly increases due to self-temperature control.

しかも、これ等アトマー樹脂の各種基材に対する接着性
は、第1表及び第2表に示す通りで、金属及び合成樹脂
の両方に対し接着性がよい。
Moreover, the adhesion of these attomer resins to various base materials is as shown in Tables 1 and 2, and the adhesion is good to both metals and synthetic resins.

第1表 金属(トルエン脱脂処理) 第2表 前記各種基材は、前記アトマーNEO50のフィルム(
100μ厚)に、基材が金属の場合200Cで、基材が
金属以外の場合160Cで、加熱融着した場合のもので
、表の接着力は20 Q un/minのスピードで剥
離した時の値である。
Table 1 Metals (toluene degreasing treatment) Table 2 The various base materials mentioned above are the Atmer NEO50 film (
100μ thick) at 200C if the base material is metal, or 160C if the base material is non-metal. It is a value.

このようにマレイン酸変性ポリオレフィンにカーボンブ
ラックを配合した導電性樹脂組成物よりなる発熱体素子
は、特定の温度において抵抗値が急激に増大し、温度を
一定範囲に保つ自己温度制御作用を示すとともに、自己
制御温度範囲も変えることができ、しかも、このマレイ
ン酸変性ポリオレフィンは、金属及び合成樹脂の両方に
接着性がよいから、電極及び発熱体素子上に設ける絶縁
性被覆層との密着を強固に維持し安定性にも優れている
から、温度制御素子を必要としない面状発熱体として最
も好ましいものである。
In this way, a heating element made of a conductive resin composition containing carbon black and maleic acid-modified polyolefin exhibits a self-temperature control function that rapidly increases the resistance value at a certain temperature and maintains the temperature within a certain range. The self-controlling temperature range can also be changed, and since this maleic acid-modified polyolefin has good adhesion to both metals and synthetic resins, it provides strong adhesion to the insulating coating layer provided on the electrode and heating element. It is most preferable as a planar heating element that does not require a temperature control element because it maintains a constant temperature and has excellent stability.

また、面状発熱体としての構成も、特に限定されず従来
公知の種々の形態でよく、第2図乃至第4図に示す如く
である。第2図は断面まゆ形の帯状のもの、第3図は板
状のもので、1はマレイン酸変性ポリオレフィンにカー
ボンブラックを配合した導電性樹脂組成物よシなる発熱
体素子、2は絶縁性被覆層で、ポリエチレンやポリ1ロ
ピレン、マレイン酸変性ポリオレフィン等が使用される
Furthermore, the structure of the planar heating element is not particularly limited and may be of various conventionally known forms, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4. Figure 2 shows a band-shaped one with a cocoon-shaped cross section, and Figure 3 shows a plate-shaped one. 1 is a heating element made of a conductive resin composition containing maleic acid-modified polyolefin and carbon black, and 2 is an insulating element. For the coating layer, polyethylene, poly-1-ropylene, maleic acid-modified polyolefin, etc. are used.

この被覆層2は発熱体素子1との熱膨張率が少なくとも
同等以上のものが特に好ましい。
It is particularly preferable that the coating layer 2 has a coefficient of thermal expansion at least equal to or higher than that of the heating element 1.

3.4は銅やアルミニウム等よシなる電極である。3.4 is an electrode made of copper, aluminum, or the like.

第4図は、発熱体素子1に多数の電極3,4を設けて発
熱体素子1の面積を犬にしたものである。
In FIG. 4, a large number of electrodes 3 and 4 are provided on the heating element 1 so that the area of the heating element 1 is reduced to a dog.

いずれにしても本発明に於ては、少なくとも発熱体素子
がマレイン酸変性ポリオレフィンにカーボンブラック等
を配合した導電性組成物によって形成されるものである
In any case, in the present invention, at least the heating element is formed from a conductive composition comprising a maleic acid-modified polyolefin mixed with carbon black or the like.

実施例 1 電極線を配線した上に、アトマー樹脂(三井石油化学工
業株式会社製アトマーQE305)(軟化点130C)
100部に対しアセチレンブラック30部及び少量の老
化防止剤を混練して得たペレット(導電性樹脂組成物)
を押出し、第2図に示す如く断面まゆ型の帯状の発熱体
素子1を得た。
Example 1 After wiring the electrode wires, Atmer resin (Atmer QE305 manufactured by Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd.) (softening point 130C) was applied.
Pellets obtained by kneading 30 parts of acetylene black and a small amount of anti-aging agent per 100 parts (conductive resin composition)
was extruded to obtain a band-shaped heating element 1 having a cocoon-shaped cross section as shown in FIG.

実施例 2 アトマー樹脂(三井石油化学工業株式会社製アトマー□
B、305)(軟化点130C)100部に対してアセ
チレンブラック30部及び少量の老化防止剤を混練して
得たペレット(導電性樹脂組成物)を、一文字形のスリ
ットを廟するTダイよりシート状の成形体を得、この押
出された樹脂が末だ溶融状態もしくは軟化状態にある間
に、樹脂温度に加熱した電極線を配設した後冷却し、厚
さ0.2m112巾500朋の第3図に示す如く面状発
熱体素子1を得た。この発熱体素子は、第1図曲線Bに
示す如く抵抗特性を示した。
Example 2 Atmer resin (Atmer □ manufactured by Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd.)
B, 305) (softening point 130C) 100 parts of acetylene black and a small amount of anti-aging agent are kneaded into pellets (conductive resin composition) obtained through a T-die with a single letter-shaped slit. A sheet-like molded product was obtained, and while the extruded resin was still in a molten or softened state, an electrode wire heated to the resin temperature was placed, and then cooled to a thickness of 0.2 m, 112 mm, and 500 mm. A planar heating element 1 was obtained as shown in FIG. This heating element exhibited resistance characteristics as shown by curve B in FIG.

次に、前記のような発熱体素子1に、絶縁性被覆層2を
設けた面状発熱体の製造としては、従来、発熱体素子1
を押出等の適当な方法で成形した後・絶縁性被覆層2を
別の工程で改めて被覆する方法で行なわれている。
Next, in manufacturing a planar heating element in which an insulating coating layer 2 is provided on the heating element element 1 as described above, conventionally, the heating element element 1 is provided with an insulating coating layer 2.
After molding by a suitable method such as extrusion, the insulating coating layer 2 is coated again in a separate process.

ところが、カーボンブラックを配合してなる導電性樹脂
組成物は、熱を加えるとその抵抗値が変化する現象が生
じ、ある条件のもとでは熱リレキ゛前後の抵抗値が異な
るという不都合が生ずる。
However, a phenomenon in which the resistance value of a conductive resin composition containing carbon black changes when heat is applied occurs, and under certain conditions, the resistance value before and after heat recovery may be different.

従って、従来の如く第一工程で発熱体素子1ノを押出成
形した後、該押出物を常温まで冷却し、第二工程で絶縁
性被覆層2を改めて押出被覆する製゛造方法では、第一
工程で得られた発熱体素子に、第二工程である熱リレキ
を加えることになり、熱リレキ条件が発熱体素子の融点
近傍で±40tll”の範囲内にあると、発熱体素子の
抵抗値が大巾に上昇してしまう欠点がある。
Therefore, in the conventional manufacturing method in which the heating element element 1 is extruded in the first step, the extrudate is cooled to room temperature, and the insulating coating layer 2 is re-extruded in the second step. In the second step, thermal relief is applied to the heating element obtained in the first step, and if the thermal relief condition is within the range of ±40tll'' near the melting point of the heating element, the resistance of the heating element The drawback is that the value increases dramatically.

また、従来のように発熱体素子を押出成形した後、別の
工程で絶縁性被覆層を改めて被覆する方法では、製造が
二工程に分れるため手数がかかり不能率で生産性の面で
も好ましくない。
In addition, the conventional method of extruding the heating element element and then recoating it with an insulating coating layer in a separate process is not preferable in terms of productivity since the manufacturing process is divided into two processes, which is labor-intensive and has a failure rate. do not have.

そこで、好ましくはマレイン酸変性ポリオレフィンにカ
ーボンブラックを配合してなる導電性樹脂組成物よシな
る発熱体素子と、絶縁性被覆層を同時押出で被覆して面
体発熱体を得るものである。
Therefore, preferably, a heating element element made of a conductive resin composition prepared by blending carbon black with maleic acid-modified polyolefin is coated with an insulating coating layer by coextrusion to obtain a face heating element.

このように絶縁性被覆層と、発熱体素子とを同時押出す
ると、発熱体素子に熱リレキが加わり抵抗値が上昇する
ことを防止できるし、抵抗値は押出条件を選ぶことによ
シ任意の値に設定できるし、生産性の面でも好ましい。
By extruding the insulating coating layer and the heating element at the same time in this way, it is possible to prevent the resistance value from increasing due to heat relaxation being applied to the heating element element, and the resistance value can be changed arbitrarily by selecting the extrusion conditions. It can be set to any value, which is good from a productivity standpoint.

しかして、安定かつ所望の抵抗値を有する面状発熱体を
簡単に製造できる。
Therefore, a planar heating element having a stable and desired resistance value can be easily manufactured.

実施例 3 電極線を配設した上に、アトマー樹脂(三井石油化学工
業株式会社製アトマーQE305)(軟化点130C)
100部に対しアセチレンブラック30部及び少量の老
化防止剤を混練して得たベレット(導電性樹脂組成物)
を押出し発熱体素子を得ると同時に、前記発熱体素子上
に絶縁性被覆層としてポリプロピレン樹脂を押出被覆し
、第2図に示す如く発熱体を得た。
Example 3 On top of the electrode wires, Atmer resin (Atmer QE305 manufactured by Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd.) (softening point 130C) was applied.
A pellet (conductive resin composition) obtained by kneading 100 parts of acetylene black with 30 parts of acetylene black and a small amount of anti-aging agent.
At the same time, a polypropylene resin was extruded and coated as an insulating coating layer on the heating element to obtain a heating element as shown in FIG. 2.

この発熱体に通電したところ、中心点の表面温度は11
5r、内部温度(120tr)であシ、この時の電流値
よシ逆算した抵抗値は、3500万Ωであって、室温2
0C時の4倍であった。
When this heating element was energized, the surface temperature at the center point was 11
5r, internal temperature (120tr), the resistance value calculated backwards from the current value at this time is 35 million Ω, which is 2 at room temperature.
It was four times as high as at 0C.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図は使用したアトマー樹脂発熱体素子の電気抵抗の
温度変化を示す図表、第2図及び第3図はそれぞれ本発
明の別の実施例を示す斜視図である。 1・・・発熱体素子   2・・・絶縁性被覆層3.4
・・・電極線 特許出願人 藤倉電線株式会社 代理人 弁理士 清 水 定 信 、゛・第1図 46 第4図 特許庁長官若杉和夫  殿 1、事件の表示 昭和56年 特 許 願第201554号2、発明の名
称 面状発熱体およびその製造方法3、 補正をする者 事件との関係 特許出願人 住 所東京都江東区木場1丁目5番1号氏 名(名称)
  (518)藤倉電線株式会社代表者 加賀谷 誠 
− 4、代理人 6、 補正により増加する発明の数 7、補正の対象 : 明細」の第12頁の図面の簡単な説明の欄を下記の
通り補正する。 記 4、図面の簡単な説明 第1図は使用しだアトマー樹脂発熱体素子の電気抵抗の
温度変化を示す図表、第2図、第3図及び第4図はそれ
ぞれ本発明の別の実施例を示す斜視図である。 1・・・発熱体素子 2・・・絶縁性被覆層 3.4・・・電極線
FIG. 1 is a chart showing temperature changes in electrical resistance of the attomer resin heating element used, and FIGS. 2 and 3 are perspective views showing other embodiments of the present invention. 1...Heating element element 2...Insulating coating layer 3.4
...Electrode wire patent applicant Fujikura Electric Cable Co., Ltd. Agent Patent attorney Sadanobu Shimizu, ゛・Figure 1 46 Figure 4 Patent Office Commissioner Kazuo Wakasugi 1, Indication of the case 1982 Patent Application No. 201554 2. Title of the invention Planar heating element and its manufacturing method 3. Relationship with the case of the person making the amendment Patent applicant address 1-5-1 Kiba, Koto-ku, Tokyo Name (Name)
(518) Fujikura Electric Wire Co., Ltd. Representative Makoto Kagaya
- 4. Agent 6. Number of inventions increased by amendment 7. Subject of amendment: The brief description of the drawings column on page 12 of "Details" is amended as follows. Note 4: Brief description of the drawings Figure 1 is a chart showing temperature changes in electrical resistance of the attomer resin heating element used, and Figures 2, 3 and 4 are different embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 1... Heating element element 2... Insulating coating layer 3.4... Electrode wire

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 け)電極、発熱体素子および絶縁体からなる面状発熱体
に於て、少なくとも発熱体素子をマレイン酸変性ポリオ
レフィンにカーボンブラックを配合してなる導電性樹脂
組成物によって構成したことを特徴とする面状発熱体。 (2)マレイン酸変碓ポリオレフィンにカーボンブラッ
クを配合してなる導電性樹脂組成物よりなる発熱体素子
部とその上に設ける絶縁被覆層とを同時押出によって形
成することを特徴とする面状発熱体の製造方法。
[Scope of Claims] K) In a planar heating element consisting of an electrode, a heating element, and an insulator, at least the heating element is made of a conductive resin composition formed by blending carbon black with maleic acid-modified polyolefin. A sheet heating element characterized by: (2) Planar heating characterized by forming a heating element element portion made of a conductive resin composition made of a maleic acid modified polyolefin and carbon black and an insulating coating layer provided thereon by co-extrusion. How the body is manufactured.
JP56201554A 1981-12-16 1981-12-16 Panel heater and method of producing same Granted JPS5963688A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP56201554A JPS5963688A (en) 1981-12-16 1981-12-16 Panel heater and method of producing same

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP56201554A JPS5963688A (en) 1981-12-16 1981-12-16 Panel heater and method of producing same

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS5963688A true JPS5963688A (en) 1984-04-11
JPS6325468B2 JPS6325468B2 (en) 1988-05-25

Family

ID=16442965

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP56201554A Granted JPS5963688A (en) 1981-12-16 1981-12-16 Panel heater and method of producing same

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS5963688A (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6014791A (en) * 1983-07-04 1985-01-25 松下電器産業株式会社 Heater
JPS6028195A (en) * 1983-07-27 1985-02-13 松下電器産業株式会社 Heater
JPS6229085A (en) * 1985-07-31 1987-02-07 菱和産資株式会社 Surface heat generating body
JPS63213283A (en) * 1987-03-02 1988-09-06 三菱電機株式会社 Temperature self-control type flat heater
JPS6427892U (en) * 1987-08-04 1989-02-17

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6014791A (en) * 1983-07-04 1985-01-25 松下電器産業株式会社 Heater
JPS6028195A (en) * 1983-07-27 1985-02-13 松下電器産業株式会社 Heater
JPS6259415B2 (en) * 1983-07-27 1987-12-10 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd
JPS6229085A (en) * 1985-07-31 1987-02-07 菱和産資株式会社 Surface heat generating body
JPS63213283A (en) * 1987-03-02 1988-09-06 三菱電機株式会社 Temperature self-control type flat heater
JPS6427892U (en) * 1987-08-04 1989-02-17

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS6325468B2 (en) 1988-05-25

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