JPS5939232Y2 - Transmission with hydraulic clutch - Google Patents

Description

【考案の詳細な説明】 この考案は、前後進の切り換えが正逆転装置の油圧クラ
ッチの操作のみでたやすく行なわれて操作性が良く、歯
車噛合式の変速装置で多段に変速切換えを行う際に必要
なりラッチの断続を正逆転装置のための油圧クラッチを
利用して行うことが出来て、その専用のクラッチを省略
することにより、油圧クラッチ付変速装置を廉価に提供
することを目的とするものである。[Detailed description of the invention] This invention allows for easy switching between forward and reverse motion by simply operating the hydraulic clutch of the forward/reverse device, resulting in good operability and when changing gears at multiple speeds using a gear-meshing type transmission. To provide a transmission device with a hydraulic clutch at a low price by using a hydraulic clutch for a forward/reverse device to connect/disconnect the latch required for the forward/reverse device, and by omitting a dedicated clutch. It is something.

農用トラクタその他の産業機械では、通常は機械を旋回
させながら前進方向のみで作業するので、作業期間中９
９％以上が前進速度で用いられる。Agricultural tractors and other industrial machinery are usually operated only in the forward direction while turning the machine, so the
More than 9% is used in forward speed.

従って、後進速度は、４段変速成は５段変速中の１段に
しかすぎない。Therefore, the reverse speed is only one of five speeds in a four-speed transmission.

ここに、狭い場所では、前進で作業したのち、作業機を
遊ばせてその姿勢で後退し、前進と後進とを交互に繰り
返しながら、前進のみで作業をする方が能率的な場合が
ある。In a narrow space, it may be more efficient to work in a forward motion, then let the work machine idle and then retreat in that position, alternately repeating forward and backward motion, and work only in a forward motion.

しかし、従来の装置はクランク軸に設けたクラッチと歯
車噛合式の変速装置との協動作用によって変速及び前後
進の切換えを行なっていた。However, in the conventional device, speed change and switching between forward and backward motion was performed through cooperation between a clutch provided on the crankshaft and a gear-meshing type transmission device.

そして、この従来装置によると、例えば４段変速中の１
段が後進であるので、前進と後進とが必ずしも対応した
位置になくて、その切り換えのレバー操作は、コ字形そ
の他の複雑な経路が必要となって煩雑であった。According to this conventional device, for example, one of the four gears is
Since the gears are in reverse, the forward and reverse gears are not necessarily in corresponding positions, and the lever operation for switching between them is complicated and requires a U-shaped or other complicated path.

また、前進は速くでも、後進が極度に遅くなって、能率
的でなく、異和感が強かった。Also, even though the vehicle moved forward quickly, the reverse motion was extremely slow, which was inefficient and felt strange.

これに対し、この考案は、カウンター軸と原動機で一定
方向に駆動される人力軸との間には人力軸の回転軸を正
逆２方向に切り換でカウンター軸に伝達する油圧式の正
逆転装置を設け、カウンター軸と推進装置に連動するチ
ェンジ軸との間にはカウンター軸の回転速度を多段に変
更してチェンジ軸に伝達する歯車噛合式の変速装置を設
けたから、前後進の切り換が油圧クヤッチの切り換のみ
で行なわれて、操作性が著しく向上し、後進速度が前進
速度と同じ段数で得られ、後進速度の選択の巾が拡大し
て、能率的な作業が行なわれるものとなり、油圧クラッ
チの切り換によって、前進速度に対応した後進速度が得
られで、前後進の速度差の拡大による異和感もなくなっ
た。In contrast, this invention uses a hydraulic forward/reverse mechanism that switches the rotation axis of the human-powered shaft between the forward and reverse directions and transmits the information to the counter-shaft between the counter shaft and the human-powered shaft that is driven in a fixed direction by the prime mover. Between the counter shaft and the change shaft that is linked to the propulsion device, we installed a gear-meshing type transmission device that changes the rotational speed of the counter shaft in multiple stages and transmits it to the change shaft, so it can switch between forward and backward movement. This is done only by switching the hydraulic clutch, which significantly improves operability, allows reverse speed to be obtained with the same number of steps as forward speed, and expands the range of reverse speed selection, allowing for efficient work. By switching the hydraulic clutch, a reverse speed corresponding to the forward speed can be obtained, and the discomfort caused by the widening of the speed difference between forward and backward travels has disappeared.

特に、この考案では、油圧式の正逆転装置と歯車噛合式
の変速装置とがこの順序に直列的に設けられるので、油
圧式の正逆転装置の中立位置においで歯車噛合式の変速
機を変速操作することが出来、この歯車噛合式の変速装
置を用いて所要の作業速度を選択するに当り、クランク
軸と人力軸との間のクラッチの操作が不要で、作業性が
向上し、これを取り除くことも出来て経済性も向上する
特徴がある。In particular, in this invention, a hydraulic forward/reverse device and a gear-meshing type transmission are provided in series in this order, so that when the hydraulic forward/reverse device is in the neutral position, the gear-meshing type transmission changes gears. When selecting the required working speed using this gear-meshing type transmission, there is no need to operate a clutch between the crankshaft and the human power shaft, improving work efficiency. It has the feature of being able to be removed and improving economic efficiency.

つぎに、この考案を施した農用トラクタを図面について
説明すると、１は、原動機で、そのクランク軸２には、
クラッチ３で人力軸４が接続されこの人力軸４は、歯車
箱５に支架されている。Next, the agricultural tractor with this invention will be explained with reference to the drawings. 1 is a prime mover, and its crankshaft 2 has a
A human power shaft 4 is connected by a clutch 3 and supported by a gear box 5.

６は、カウンター軸で、人力軸４に並行に歯車箱５に支
架されて、入力軸４との間には油圧式の正逆転装置７が
設けられている。A counter shaft 6 is supported by a gear box 5 in parallel to the human power shaft 4, and a hydraulic forward/reverse device 7 is provided between it and the input shaft 4.

この油圧式の正逆転装置７は、つぎのように構成されて
いる。This hydraulic forward/reverse device 7 is configured as follows.

すなわち、人力軸４の末端部には一対の正逆転用歯車８
と逆転用歯車９とが一定の巾を隔てて回転自在に設けら
れて、カウンター軸６に固定された正転歯車１０が正転
用歯車８に噛み合い、カウンター軸６に固定された逆転
歯車１１が中間歯車１２を介して逆転用歯車９に噛み合
っている。That is, a pair of forward/reverse gears 8 are provided at the end of the human power shaft 4.
and a reversing gear 9 are rotatably provided with a certain width between them, the forward rotating gear 10 fixed to the counter shaft 6 meshes with the normal rotating gear 8, and the reversing gear 11 fixed to the counter shaft 6 meshes with the forward rotating gear 8. It meshes with the reversing gear 9 via the intermediate gear 12.

正転用歯車８と逆転用歯車９との間には、一対の筒軸１
３．１３がキー１４．１４で人力軸４に固定して左右に
並べて設けられ、各歯車８，９に固着されて内側に突出
したケース１５．１５は、それぞれ対応する筒軸１３．
１３を被うように出来ている。A pair of cylindrical shafts 1 are connected between the forward rotation gear 8 and the reverse rotation gear 9.
3.13 are fixed to the human power shaft 4 with keys 14.14 and arranged side by side on the left and right, and cases 15.15 fixed to each gear 8, 9 and protruding inward are connected to the corresponding cylindrical shaft 13.13, respectively.
It is made to cover 13.

外板１６．１６・・・・・・と内板１７．１７・・・・
・・は、それぞれ外周および内周がケース１５．１５お
・よび筒軸１３．１３に係合して交互に重ね合され、受
板１ｇ、 １８と押板１９、１９の間に設けられ、シリ
ンダ２０．２０内に設けられたピストン２１．２１の端
部がこの押板１９．１９を押すことによって、その外板
１６．１６・・・・・・と内板１７゜１７・・・・・・
とが圧接するように出来ている。Outer plate 16.16... and inner plate 17.17...
... are arranged between the receiving plates 1g, 18 and the push plates 19, 19, whose outer and inner circumferences engage with the case 15.15 and the cylinder shaft 13.13, respectively, and are overlapped alternately, The end of a piston 21.21 provided in the cylinder 20.20 presses against this push plate 19.19, thereby causing its outer plate 16.16... and inner plate 17°17...・・・
It is made so that they come into pressure contact with each other.

２２．２２は戻しばね、２３．２４は油路を示す。22.22 is a return spring, and 23.24 is an oil path.

２５は、チェンジ軸で、これとカウンター軸６との間に
は、つぎの歯車噛合式の変速装置２６が設けられている
。Reference numeral 25 denotes a change shaft, and between this and the counter shaft 6, a gear meshing type transmission 26 is provided.

すなわち、それぞれ歯数の異る第１歯車２７・第２歯車
２８・第３歯車２９および第４歯車３０が一定の間隔で
逆転歯車１１よりも伝動後位においてカウンター軸６に
固着され、第１変速歯車３１と第２変速歯車３２および
第３変速歯車３３の第４変速歯車３４とがそれぞれ一体
となって、チェンジ軸２５に軸方向には移動出来るよう
に楔着され、第１変速歯車３１・第２変速歯車３２・第
３変速歯車３３および第４変速歯車３４がそれぞれ対応
する第１歯車２７・第２歯車２８・第３歯車２９および
第４歯車３０に噛み合うように出来ている。That is, the first gear 27, the second gear 28, the third gear 29, and the fourth gear 30, each having a different number of teeth, are fixed to the counter shaft 6 at a position downstream of the reversing gear 11 at regular intervals. The speed change gear 31 and the fourth speed change gear 34 of the second speed change gear 32 and the third speed change gear 33 are each integrally wedged to the change shaft 25 so as to be movable in the axial direction, and the first speed change gear 31 - The second gear 32, the third gear 33, and the fourth gear 34 are configured to mesh with the corresponding first gear 27, second gear 28, third gear 29, and fourth gear 30, respectively.

なお、図中の３５は、別の歯車噛合式の変速装置で、チ
ェンジ軸２５の末端に固定された歯車３６と、ピニオン
軸３７の始端に楔着されてこの歯車３６の側面にも噛み
合う摺動歯車３８と、一体に出来てカウンター軸６に遊
嵌されていて歯車３６に常時噛み合う減速歯車３９とこ
の歯車３９とこの歯車３９に一体に設けられていて摺動
歯車３８の移動で噛み合う中間歯車４０とで構成されて
いる。In addition, 35 in the figure is another gear-meshing type transmission, which includes a gear 36 fixed to the end of the change shaft 25, and a sliding gear wedged to the starting end of the pinion shaft 37 and also meshing with the side surface of this gear 36. A moving gear 38, a reduction gear 39 that is integrally formed and loosely fitted to the counter shaft 6 and always meshes with the gear 36, and an intermediate gear 39 that is integrally provided with the gear 39 and meshes with the movement of the sliding gear 38. It is composed of a gear 40.

４１、４２は傘歯車、４３はギヤー軸、４４は車軸、４
５゜４６は歯車、４７は推進装置を示す。41 and 42 are bevel gears, 43 is a gear shaft, 44 is an axle, 4
5. 46 is a gear, and 47 is a propulsion device.

さらに、４８は作業用第１歯車、４９は作業用第２歯車
、５０は作業用第３歯車、５１は作業用伝動軸、５２は
作業用取出軸、５３は変速機を示すものである。Furthermore, 48 is a first working gear, 49 is a second working gear, 50 is a third working gear, 51 is a working transmission shaft, 52 is a working extraction shaft, and 53 is a transmission.

この農用トラクタは、上記のように構成されるので、油
圧式の正逆転装置７を中立或はクラッチ３で伝達動力を
遮断し、第１歯車２７、第２歯車２８、第３歯車２９或
は第４歯車３０に、第１変速歯車３１゜第２変速歯車３
２、第３変速歯車３３或は第４変速歯車３４を噛み合わ
せて、所要の進行速度を選定し、クラッチ３を入れ、弁
の操作で、ポンプの油を油路２３に流す。Since this agricultural tractor is configured as described above, the hydraulic forward/reverse device 7 is set to neutral or the clutch 3 is used to cut off the transmitted power, and the first gear 27, second gear 28, third gear 29, or The fourth gear 30 includes a first gear 31 and a second gear 3.
2. Engage the third speed change gear 33 or the fourth speed change gear 34, select a desired traveling speed, engage the clutch 3, and operate the valve to flow the pump oil into the oil path 23.

すると、正転用歯車８例のシリンダ２０内に油が流入し
てピストン２１を押し、その側において、外板１６．１
６・・・・・・と内板１７．１７・・・・・・とが圧接
する。Then, oil flows into the cylinder 20 of the eight normal rotation gears and pushes the piston 21, and on that side, the outer plate 16.1
6... and the inner plates 17, 17... are pressed into contact with each other.

従って、原動機１の動力は、クランク軸２、クラッチ３
、人力軸４、正転用歯車８および正転歯車１０を径で、
カウンター軸６に正転として伝わり、第１歯車２７と第
１変速歯車３１．第２歯車２８と第２変速歯車３２、第
３歯車２９と第３変速歯車３３或は第４歯車３０と第４
変速歯車３４の噛合でチェンジ軸２５に所定に減速され
て達し、以後、歯車噛合式の変速装置３５、ピニオン軸
３７、傘歯車４１．傘歯車４２、ギヤー軸４３、歯車４
５、歯車４６および車軸４４を経て推進装置４７に達し
、機体を所定の速度で前進させる。Therefore, the power of the prime mover 1 is generated by the crankshaft 2 and the clutch 3.
, the diameter of the human power shaft 4, the forward rotation gear 8, and the forward rotation gear 10,
The normal rotation is transmitted to the counter shaft 6, and the first gear 27 and the first speed change gear 31. The second gear 28 and the second transmission gear 32, the third gear 29 and the third transmission gear 33, or the fourth gear 30 and the fourth gear
The meshing of the transmission gear 34 reduces the speed to a predetermined speed and reaches the change shaft 25, and thereafter the gear meshing type transmission 35, the pinion shaft 37, the bevel gear 41. Bevel gear 42, gear shaft 43, gear 4
5. It reaches the propulsion device 47 via the gear 46 and the axle 44, and moves the aircraft forward at a predetermined speed.

なお、人力軸４から作業用第１歯車４８に分れた他方の
回転は、作業用第２歯車４９、作業用第３歯車５０、作
業用伝達軸５１および変速機５３を経て、作業用取出軸
５２から、作業機に達する。In addition, the rotation of the other side divided from the human power shaft 4 to the first working gear 48 passes through the second working gear 49, the third working gear 50, the working transmission shaft 51, and the transmission 53, and is transferred to the working output. From the shaft 52, the working machine is reached.

即ち、農用トラクタは、作業機を駆動しながら前進して
、所定の作業速度で定められた作業を実行する。That is, the agricultural tractor moves forward while driving the working machine and performs a predetermined work at a predetermined work speed.

そして、作業場の端に達すると、作業機を揚げてその作
業を中止させ、弁を切り換で油路２３への流れを止め、
油路２４側に流す。When the end of the work area is reached, the work equipment is raised to stop the work, and the valve is switched to stop the flow to the oil path 23.
Flow to the oil path 24 side.

すると、正転用歯車８側の戻しばね２２でピストン２１
が戻って、その側の外板１６．１６・・・・・・と内板
１７．１７との圧接が解かれ、この間に滑りが生じ、動
力伝達が断たれ、逆に、逆転用歯車９例のピストン２１
が作動し、この側の外板１６．１６・・・・・・と内板
１７．１７・・・・・・とが圧接し、人力軸４の回転が
逆転用歯車９に伝わる。Then, the return spring 22 on the forward rotation gear 8 side causes the piston 21 to
returns, the pressure contact between the outer plates 16, 16, and the inner plates 17, 17 on that side is released, slippage occurs between them, and power transmission is cut off. Example piston 21
is activated, the outer plates 16, 16, . . . and inner plates 17, 17, .

このため、カウンター軸６が逆転用歯車９、中間歯車１
２および逆転歯車１１の噛合でもつで、前記とは逆方向
に回転し、以下前記と同一の経路で推進装置４７につた
わり、機体を後退させる。Therefore, the counter shaft 6 is connected to the reversing gear 9 and the intermediate gear 1.
2 and the reversing gear 11, it rotates in the opposite direction to that described above, and thereafter connects to the propulsion device 47 along the same path as described above, causing the aircraft to move backward.

また、所定の位置まで機体が後退すると、頭初のように
、油路２３側へ油を流すように弁を切り換えると、機体
は前進に切り換る。Furthermore, when the aircraft moves backward to a predetermined position, the valve is switched to allow oil to flow toward the oil passage 23, as in the beginning, and the aircraft switches to forward movement.

このように、この農用トラクタにあたっては、油路２３
から油路２４への切り換操作のみで、機体の前進と後進
とがたちどころに転換されるので、操作性が良くで、作
業が能率的に行なわれる。In this way, in this agricultural tractor, the oil path 23
The machine can be immediately switched between forward and backward movement simply by switching from the oil passage 24 to the oil passage 24, so that operability is good and work can be carried out efficiently.

また、正逆転装置と変速装置とが、動力伝達経路中に直
列的に設けられ、前進速度の変速段数と同一段数の後進
速度の変速段数を備え、後進速度の選択中が拡大し、前
進と後進を多く繰返しで行なう作業、例えばフロントロ
ーダ一作業の場合、作業場所の広い狭い、走行路の軟弱
度、運搬物の性質等の作業条件に常に合った速度を選択
しで、その速度で前進と後進とが容易に転換できるので
、作業能率が向上する。In addition, the forward/reverse device and the transmission are provided in series in the power transmission path, and have the same number of gears for the forward speed and the same number of gears for the reverse speed, so that the time during which the reverse speed is selected is expanded, and the time during which the reverse speed is selected is expanded, and the time when the forward speed is selected is expanded. For work that requires many repeated backward movements, such as front loader work, always select a speed that suits the work conditions, such as the wide and narrow work area, the softness of the road, and the nature of the material to be transported, and then move forward at that speed. Since it is easy to switch between moving and reversing, work efficiency is improved.

油路２３から油路２４への切換で後進速度を得ることに
より、歯車噛合式の変速装置２６にお・ける使用歯車の
噛合はそのままであるから、前進速度に対応した後進速
度が得られるので、速度差による異和感もない。By obtaining a reverse speed by switching from the oil passage 23 to the oil passage 24, the meshing of the gears used in the gear mesh type transmission 26 remains unchanged, so a reverse speed corresponding to the forward speed can be obtained. , there is no discomfort due to the speed difference.

さらに、正逆転装置は油圧式で、変速装置の伝動前位に
あるから、この油圧式の正逆転装置７を中立にして歯車
噛合式の変速装置２６を操作し、つづいて正逆転装置７
を正転成は逆転に操作でき、クラッチ３を操作する必要
がなく、従って又、クラッチ３を省略出来る特徴がある
。Furthermore, since the forward/reverse device is hydraulic and is located at the front of the transmission of the transmission, the hydraulic forward/reverse device 7 is placed in neutral and the gear-meshing type transmission 26 is operated, and then the forward/reverse device 7 is operated.
It is possible to change the forward rotation to the reverse rotation, and there is no need to operate the clutch 3, so that the clutch 3 can be omitted.

なお、図のものは、作業用取出軸５２のためにクラッチ
３が必要なため、これを、分岐位置よりも前に設けでい
るが、作業用取出軸５２を備えないものにあては、全く
不要である。In addition, in the case shown in the figure, the clutch 3 is required for the working take-out shaft 52, so it is installed before the branching position, but if it is not equipped with the working take-out shaft 52, it is not necessary at all. Not necessary.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第１図はこの考案を施した農用トラクタの伝動機構図、
第２図はその一部の切断平面図である。 なお・、図中の符号は、つぎの通り。 １・・・・・・原動機、４・・・・・・人力軸、６・・
・・・・カウンター軸、７・・・・・・油圧式の正逆転
装置、２５・・・・・・チェンジ軸、４７・・・・・・
推進装置、２６・・・・・・歯車噛合式の変速装置。Figure 1 is a diagram of the transmission mechanism of an agricultural tractor with this invention.
FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway plan view. The symbols in the figure are as follows. 1... Prime mover, 4... Human power axis, 6...
...Counter axis, 7...Hydraulic forward/reverse device, 25...Change axis, 47...
Propulsion device, 26...Gear mesh type transmission device.

Claims (1)

【実用新案登録請求の範囲】[Scope of utility model registration request] カウンター軸と原動機で一定方向に駆動される人力軸と
の間には人力軸の回転を正逆２方向に切り換でカウンタ
ー軸に伝達する油圧式の正逆転装置が設けられ、カウン
ター軸と推進装置に連動するチェンジ軸との間にはカウ
ンター軸の回転速度を多段に変更してチェンジ軸に伝達
する歯車噛合式の変速装置が設けられていることを特徴
とする油圧クラッチ付変速装置。A hydraulic forward/reverse device is installed between the counter shaft and the human power shaft driven in a fixed direction by the prime mover, which transmits the rotation of the human power shaft to the counter shaft by switching between two directions, forward and reverse. A transmission device with a hydraulic clutch, characterized in that a gear mesh type transmission device is provided between a change shaft interlocked with the device and which changes the rotational speed of a counter shaft in multiple stages and transmits the same to the change shaft.