JPS59143293A - Structure heating system using self-control type heater - Google Patents

Abstract

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた
め要約のデータは記録されません。(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は被加熱構造物例えば低温タンクの底部の如く構
造物加熱方式に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for heating a heated structure, such as the bottom of a cryogenic tank.

一般に低＠液化ガス、例えばＬＰＧタンクの基礎部凍結
防止のため基礎底部にヒータを挿入して底部温度を０℃
以上に保つことによって凍結を防止している。第１図乃
至第３図に示すように基礎底部加熱には基礎部２にヒー
タ３を平行状又は放射状に配置し、タンク外部から給電
している。しかし、タンク基礎部の外周部は約２ｍ幅の
コンクリート基礎部（リングウオール）１２を通過させ
配置することになる。この外周基礎部１ｄ低温液の影響
を殆んど受けず、また外気の影響により比較的高温に保
たれ、加熱が不要な場合が多い。しかし、抵抗線のヒー
タを使用する場合にはこのリングウオール通過部の加熱
量を減らすことは困難である。強いて行うとすればこの
部分に抵抗の小さい導体を使う必要があり長さの違うヒ
ータ各々に細工をすることは困難である。In general, to prevent the base of a low @ liquefied gas tank, such as LPG, from freezing, a heater is inserted at the bottom of the base to lower the bottom temperature to 0°C.
Freezing is prevented by maintaining the temperature above. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, heaters 3 are arranged in parallel or radially on the base 2 to heat the bottom of the base, and power is supplied from outside the tank. However, the outer periphery of the tank foundation will be placed through a concrete foundation (ring wall) 12 with a width of about 2 m. This outer peripheral base portion 1d is hardly affected by the low-temperature liquid, and is kept at a relatively high temperature due to the influence of the outside air, so heating is not necessary in many cases. However, when using a resistance wire heater, it is difficult to reduce the amount of heating in the ring wall passage section. If forced to do so, it would be necessary to use a conductor with low resistance in this part, and it would be difficult to modify heaters of different lengths.

一方、第５図（ａ）　、　（ｂ）に示す如く自己制御形
ヒータを使用すればその特性から周囲温度が高い個所で
は抵抗１７ｔ１４の抵抗が高くなす１ｍ電眠流が減少し
、発熱嘴が小さくなるが、タンク底部の保持温度が０〜
５℃位で周囲基礎部も５〜１５℃位であり両者間の温度
差が小さく周囲部の方が若干加熱用が小さいもののその
差が小さく省エネルギーの観点から効果が少ない。On the other hand, if a self-control type heater is used as shown in Fig. 5(a) and (b), the 1m electrification current caused by the high resistance of the resistor 17t14 will decrease in areas where the ambient temperature is high due to its characteristics, and the heating beak will increase. Although it is smaller, the holding temperature at the bottom of the tank is 0~
At about 5°C, the surrounding base part is also about 5 to 15°C, and the temperature difference between the two is small, and although the heating capacity of the surrounding part is slightly smaller, the difference is small and the effect from the viewpoint of energy saving is small.

本発明の目的は前記した従来技術の欠点を解消し、被加
熱構造物に於いて加熱不要部の電力消費を小さくシ、効
率的な加熱方式を提供することにある。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to eliminate the drawbacks of the prior art described above, and to provide an efficient heating method that reduces power consumption in parts of a heated structure that do not require heating.

本発明の要旨は自己制御形ヒータを用い、加熱不要部と
なる被加熱構造物の怖設部に対してはヒータ外周面に断
熱層を設けたことにある。The gist of the present invention is to use a self-control type heater, and to provide a heat insulating layer on the outer peripheral surface of the heater for a part of the structure to be heated that does not require heating.

即ち、自己制御形ヒータの外周部に局部的に熱抵抗の高
い外被（断熱層）を設けることにより、自己制呻ヒータ
の動作特性（ＰＴＣ特性）を強制的にずらしてやり周囲
が低温でも断ｓ＋ｔｉのためヒータの内部温、変が高く
なり、発熱を制御するようにしたものである。In other words, by providing a locally high thermal resistance outer covering (insulating layer) on the outer periphery of the self-control heater, the operating characteristics (PTC characteristics) of the self-control heater can be forcibly shifted and the heater can be disconnected even when the surrounding temperature is low. Because of s+ti, the internal temperature of the heater becomes high, so the heat generation is controlled.

尚自己制御形ヒータはＰＴＣヒータともいわれ、その構
造及び動作は第５図（ａ）　、　（ｂ）に示す通り、カ
ー月２ンブラソク等の導電粉を分散混入させた結晶性プ
ラスチックを２本の導）４Ｃ１３，１３間に設けて抵抗
体を形成している。これをｉＭ　！すると、プラスチッ
クが膨張して導電粉の分散度が大きくなる為導体ｊ」の
抵抗を大きくしある温度で不導体（絶縁体化）となって
電流が流れず、その後は導通、不動通を繰す返し温度が
一定となる。いわば自己でサーモスタットの成能を有し
ているものである。The self-control type heater is also called a PTC heater, and its structure and operation are shown in Figure 5 (a) and (b). (conductor) 4C is provided between 13 and 13 to form a resistor. iM this! Then, the plastic expands and the degree of dispersion of the conductive powder increases, increasing the resistance of the conductor j. At a certain temperature, it becomes a non-conductor (insulator) and no current flows. After that, it repeats conduction and non-conduction. The reversing temperature becomes constant. In other words, it has the ability to function as its own thermostat.

以下に本発明の実施例を図面に基づいて詳述する。Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below based on the drawings.

第６図（ａ）　、　（ｂ）は部分的に断熱材を施しだ自
己制御型ヒータの斜視図及び断面図を示し、このヒータ
は公知のものに於いてその外周面に断熱層１８を局部的
に施した構造である。尚、ヒータ２１の内部構造は第５
図（ａ）　、　（ｂ）と同じで、符号１４は導体１３を
内包した発熱体であり、それを包んで順に、絶縁体重５
、金属編組Ｉ６、保護被覆１７を積層してなる。FIGS. 6(a) and 6(b) show a perspective view and a sectional view of a self-regulating heater partially provided with a heat insulating material. It has a specially designed structure. Note that the internal structure of the heater 21 is similar to that of the fifth heater 21.
As in Figures (a) and (b), the reference numeral 14 is a heating element containing a conductor 13, and the insulation weight 5 is wrapped around it.
, a metal braid I6, and a protective coating 17 are laminated.

第７図は自己制御、杉ヒータの円曲Ｙ緑１更と出力特性
の関係を示す図であるが、断熱層１８を施すことにより
被覆部の熱抵抗が高くなるだめ周囲温度が低い状態でも
内部が加熱され自己制御作用が出て出力が減少する。こ
の現象により外円基礎部では内部より温（ｌが高い為無
処理の自己ｆ４ｆｌＪ御ヒータでも若干出力が減少する
が、断熱層を設けることによりこの効果をより大きなも
のとし、出力が大幅に減少する。従って加熱不要部に対
する加熱を著しく小さく抑えることができる。Fig. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between the self-control, the circular curve of the cedar heater, and the output characteristics.By applying the heat insulating layer 18, the thermal resistance of the coating increases, so even when the ambient temperature is low. The interior heats up and a self-control action occurs, reducing output. Due to this phenomenon, the outer circle base has a higher temperature (l) than the inside, so the output decreases slightly even with an untreated self-f4flJ heater, but by providing a heat insulating layer, this effect becomes even greater, and the output decreases significantly. Therefore, heating of parts that do not require heating can be significantly suppressed.

尚、断熱層は発泡ゴム利、発泡ポリエチレン材等を巻き
付け、その外部に加熱収縮チューブを施す等で容易に形
成できる。その効果は例えば液化プロ・ξンガスタンク
に於いて、基礎直径５ｏｍ程１〆で、外周基礎部１１ｇ
２　”として、加熱離力量３０Ｗ７ｍ２とし、第７図に
示す様な特性の自己側脚形ヒータに２．５ｍｍ厚程鹿の
断熱層を持たせた曲線２０の特性をもったヒータを使用
したとする。ヒータは周囲温度約４０℃で動作しており
、無処理ヒータ出力２６　ｗ／ｍに対し、断熱層性では
Ｉ　６　Ｗ／ｌｎの出力が得られ、断熱層を外周部ヒー
タ２ｍに適用すると、３．５ｋｗの節約になる。従来の
基礎部全加熱叶は５８．９ｋｗであり、この５．９％、
また外周基礎部は９．Ｏｋｗであり、これに対し３９％
節約出来ることになる。The heat insulating layer can be easily formed by wrapping foamed rubber, foamed polyethylene, or the like, and applying a heat-shrinkable tube to the outside. The effect is, for example, in a liquefied professional ξ gas tank, with a base diameter of about 5 ohm and an outer peripheral base of 11 g.
2'', the amount of heating separation force is 30W7m2, and a heater with the characteristics of curve 20, which is a self-side leg-type heater with characteristics as shown in Fig. 7 and has a heat insulating layer of about 2.5mm thick, is used. The heater operates at an ambient temperature of approximately 40°C, and compared to the untreated heater output of 26 W/m, the heat insulating layer provides an output of I 6 W/ln, and the heat insulating layer is applied to the outer heater 2 m. This results in a savings of 3.5kw.The conventional fully heated base requires 58.9kw, and this is 5.9%.
Also, the outer peripheral foundation is 9. Okw, whereas 39%
You will be able to save money.

本発明は、被加熱構造物として底部加熱への適用として
記したが、例えば給電中に非加熱部を持つような加熱を
実施する場合には無駄な加熱を防Ｉトするため、自己制
呻ヒータを部分的に断熱してやることによって目的を達
成することができる。Although the present invention has been described as being applied to heating the bottom of a heated structure, for example, when heating a structure that has a non-heated part during power supply, self-control is required to prevent unnecessary heating. This objective can be achieved by partially insulating the heater.

即ち吹鋼の・融雪等を行なう場合、横材、斜材等で構成
された構造物（図示せず）の斜材のみを加熱するといつ
だ場合に横材部に添架するヒータに断熱を施せば無駄な
電力消費が少ない。In other words, when blowing steel or melting snow, if only the diagonal members of a structure (not shown) consisting of cross members and diagonal members are heated, it is necessary to insulate the heater attached to the cross members. This reduces unnecessary power consumption.

以−に詳述した直り、本発明にあっては被加熱構造物に
ヒータ布設を行なうにあたり最後の段階で断熱層の被覆
を施せば良ぐ取付作業も容易で、ヒータ製作のうえから
も従来の自己制御ヒータを用いることが出来るので経済
性が良い。また局部加工で済むので取扱いは自己制御形
ヒータの特性をそこなうことなく被加熱部の作用は何ん
ら従来のものと変わらず、不要加熱部の加鴫亀力を著し
く減少させることができ、長期に眠る省エネルギ一対策
となる。As described in detail below, in the present invention, when installing the heater in the structure to be heated, it is only necessary to cover it with a heat insulating layer at the final stage, and the installation work is easy, and the heater manufacturing process is also simpler than the conventional method. It is economical because a self-controlling heater can be used. In addition, since only local machining is required, handling does not affect the characteristics of the self-regulating heater, and the action of the heated part remains the same as in conventional heaters. This is a long-term energy saving measure.

【図面の簡単な説明】 第１図は設置された低温液化ガスタンクの側面図、第２
図は第１図Ａ部断面詳細図、第３図は加熱してないとき
のタンク基礎部の温度分布図、第４図は基礎部ｂｌｌｌ
ｌ耐用配管布設方式行布設例、第５図（ａ）　、　（ｂ
ｊはそれぞれ従来の自己制仰形ヒータの代表構造図及び
その断面図、第６図（ａ）　、　（ｂ）は本発明に適用
の断熱材を施した自己制御形ヒータのイ荷造図及びその
断面図、第７図は自己制御形ヒータ及び断熱Ａｌ側自己
制御形ヒータの出力特性図。 図中符号、１・・低温液化ガスタンク本体、２・・・タ
ンク基礎部、３・・加熱ヒータ、４・・タンク底部！断
熱層、５−・ト°ライサンド、６・基礎コンクリート、
７　・外周基礎部、８・・・ビー２挿入用電線管、９・
・加熱用ヒータ、１０・・基礎部温度、ｌｌ・・底部配
管、１２　・外周基礎部、１３・・導体、１４・・発熱
体、１５・・絶縁体、１６・・・金属編組、１７・・保
護被覆、１８・・・断熱層、１９・・・自己制御形ヒー
タの出力、２０・・・断熱層付自己制御ヒータの出力、
２１　・・ヒータ。 第１ｆ５　　　　　　猪２ｍ 第５　ｍ　　　　第４　国[Brief explanation of the drawings] Figure 1 is a side view of the installed low temperature liquefied gas tank, Figure 2 is a side view of the installed low temperature liquefied gas tank,
The figure is a detailed cross-sectional view of part A in Figure 1, Figure 3 is a temperature distribution diagram of the base of the tank when it is not heated, and Figure 4 is a diagram of the base of the tank.
l Durable piping installation method row installation example, Figure 5 (a), (b
6(a) and 6(b) are a typical structural diagram and a sectional view thereof of a conventional self-regulating heater, respectively, and FIGS. The sectional view and FIG. 7 are output characteristic diagrams of a self-control type heater and an adiabatic Al side self-control type heater. Codes in the figure: 1. Low-temperature liquefied gas tank body, 2. Tank base, 3. Heater, 4. Tank bottom! Heat insulation layer, 5-Trysand, 6-Foundation concrete,
7. Outer periphery foundation, 8... Electric conduit for Bee 2 insertion, 9.
- Heating heater, 10... Base temperature, ll... Bottom piping, 12 - Peripheral foundation, 13... Conductor, 14... Heating element, 15... Insulator, 16... Metal braid, 17... - Protective coating, 18... Heat insulation layer, 19... Output of self-control type heater, 20... Output of self-control heater with heat insulation layer,
21... Heater. 1st f5 boar 2m 5th m 4th country

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 自己制御卸形ヒータの外周部に局部的に断熱層を施し、
被加熱構造物中の不要加熱部に前記断熱層を施しだ部分
が位置するようにしたことを特徴とする自己制御形ヒー
タを用いた構造物加熱方式。A heat insulating layer is applied locally to the outer periphery of the self-control wholesale heater.
A method for heating a structure using a self-controlled heater, characterized in that a portion of the structure to be heated where the heat insulating layer is applied is located at an unnecessary heating portion of the structure to be heated.