JPS5854370B2 - Denji Shutter - Google Patents

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は、カメラのシャッターに係わり、詳しくは小型
カメラに好適に採用できる電磁シャッターに関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a camera shutter, and more particularly to an electromagnetic shutter that can be suitably employed in a small camera.

シャッターの開閉に電磁制御方式を採用した、いわゆる
電磁シャッターは、従来から公知であるが、励磁コイル
や永久磁石の素材、あるいはその使用方法に格別の技術
的工夫が加えられてこなかったために、最高のシャッタ
ースピードでも３０秒以下と遅く、しかも励磁コイルが
大きいものであったから、シャッター全体が大型化する
等、カメラに組込む上では、未た幾多の問題が残されて
いて、構造が簡単で、かつ、耐久性も高いにもかかわら
ず、現在でも実用化されるに至っていない。So-called electromagnetic shutters, which use an electromagnetic control method to open and close the shutter, have been known for a long time, but because no special technical innovations have been added to the materials of the excitation coils and permanent magnets, or the way they are used, they are not the best. The shutter speed was slow at less than 30 seconds, and the excitation coil was large, making the entire shutter large. In addition, despite its high durability, it has not yet been put into practical use.

本発明は、斯かる上記従来の問題点に鑑みてなされたも
ので、励磁コイルの駆動力が最大の部位で、シャッター
を開閉するようにして、小型の電磁コイルであっても立
上りの良い高速のシャッタースピードを可能とすると共
に、駆動力が小さい部位との相殺効果を利用してシャッ
タースピードの安定化を計ることにより、特に小型カメ
ラに無理なく組込めるよう実用化を試みた電磁シャッタ
ーを新規に提供するものである。The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems.The present invention opens and closes the shutter at the part where the driving force of the excitation coil is maximum, and enables high speed start-up with good start-up even with a small electromagnetic coil. This is a new electromagnetic shutter that we have attempted to put into practical use, making it possible to easily incorporate it into small cameras by stabilizing the shutter speed by making use of the offsetting effect of parts with low driving force. It is provided to

以下、本発明を、いわゆるギロチン型式のシャッターを
例にとった実施例を示す添附図面に従って詳細に説明す
る。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings showing an embodiment of a so-called guillotine type shutter.

第１図において、シャッター基板（図示せず）に穿設し
た撮影孔１（図中破線で示す）とほぼ同径の露出孔２及
び３を夫々有する帯板状の第１シャッタ一部材４及び第
２シャッタ一部材５は、面対面の関係で重ね合わされた
状態で、露出孔２及び３が撮影孔１を開閉するべくシャ
ッター基板上を一方向に往復摺動自在に案内される。In FIG. 1, a first shutter member 4 and a strip-shaped shutter member 4 each have exposure holes 2 and 3 having approximately the same diameter as a photographing hole 1 (indicated by a broken line in the figure) formed in a shutter substrate (not shown), respectively. The second shutter member 5 is guided so as to be slidable back and forth in one direction on the shutter substrate so that the exposure holes 2 and 3 open and close the photographing hole 1 in a state where they are overlapped in a face-to-face relationship.

第１シャッタ一部材４は、常時は撮影孔１を閉じるべく
、露出孔２が撮影孔１の中心に対して僅かに左側へずれ
た位置にあるよう、全体が左方向に摺動された状態で、
左側支持腕６に、長手方向に設けた長溝７の右端が支軸
８に当て止められて定位している。The first shutter member 4 is normally slid in its entirety to the left so that the exposure hole 2 is slightly shifted to the left with respect to the center of the photographing hole 1 in order to close the photographing hole 1. in,
The right end of a long groove 7 provided in the longitudinal direction of the left side support arm 6 is abutted against a support shaft 8 and is positioned in the correct position.

一方、第２シャッタ一部材５は、第１シャッタ一部材４
と同様、常時は撮影孔１を閉じるべく、露出孔３が撮影
孔１の中心に対して僅かに右側へずれた位置にあるよう
、全体が右方向に摺動された状態で、左側支持腕９に、
長手方向に設けた長溝１０の左端が支軸８に当て止めら
れて定位している。On the other hand, the second shutter member 5 is the first shutter member 4.
Similarly, in order to close the photographing hole 1, the left support arm is normally slid in the right direction so that the exposure hole 3 is slightly shifted to the right with respect to the center of the photographing hole 1. At 9,
The left end of the long groove 10 provided in the longitudinal direction is abutted against the support shaft 8 and is oriented.

上記第１シャッタ一部材４と第２シャッタ一部材５とは
、互いに逆方向に連動して摺動するように、たすき掛は
部材１１により連係される。The first shutter member 4 and the second shutter member 5 are interlocked by a cross member 11 so that they slide in mutually opposite directions.

このたすき掛は部材１１は、中央部を上記支軸８で揺動
自在に軸支され、下端側のヒ：ン１２は、第１シャッタ
一部材４の左側支持腕６の下側側縁で、支軸８に対して
常時は左側に位置するように設けた突出部１３の長溝１
３ａに嵌合させると共に、上端側のピン１４は、第２シ
ャッタ一部材５の左側支持腕９の上側側縁で、支軸８に
対Ｉ−で常時は右側に位置するように設けた突出部１５
の長溝１５ａに嵌合させている。The cross member 11 is pivotally supported at its center by the support shaft 8, and the hinge 12 at the lower end is at the lower side edge of the left support arm 6 of the first shutter member 4. , the long groove 1 of the protrusion 13 provided so as to be always located on the left side with respect to the support shaft 8
3a, and the upper end side pin 14 is a protrusion provided on the upper side edge of the left side support arm 9 of the second shutter member 5 so as to be always located on the right side of the support shaft 8 with respect to I-. Part 15
It is fitted into the long groove 15a.

したがって、例えば、第２シャッタ一部材５を左方向へ
摺動させると、該部材５の突出部１５を介して、たすき
掛は部材１１が反時針回りに揺動されて、第１シャッタ
一部材４は、突出部１３を介して右方向へ摺動され、第
２図に示すように、夫々の露出孔２及び３は、撮影孔１
の中心に対して徐々に重なり合うようになって、撮影孔
１を開放する。Therefore, for example, when the second shutter member 5 is slid to the left, the cross member 11 is swung counterclockwise via the protruding portion 15 of the member 5, and the first shutter member 5 is moved counterclockwise. 4 is slid rightward through the protrusion 13, and as shown in FIG.
The photographic aperture 1 is opened so that they gradually overlap with each other with respect to the center.

上記第１シャッタ一部材４の長手右方向に設けた右側支
持腕１６と、第２シャッタ一部材５の左側支持腕９は、
夫々、はぼ同じ駆動特性を有する励磁コイル１７，１８
の中空部１７ａ、１８ａに遊嵌させている。The right side support arm 16 provided in the longitudinal right direction of the first shutter member 4 and the left side support arm 9 of the second shutter member 5 are as follows:
Excitation coils 17 and 18 each have approximately the same drive characteristics.
It is loosely fitted into the hollow parts 17a and 18a of the.

この励磁コイルは、該コイルの一方側の極に対して、第
１図にＡ−Ａで示すように、永久磁石小片１９（後述）
の同極が、該永久磁石小片の異極まりも”近い位置にあ
る場合、上記励磁コイルの同極端をＯ位置としたときに
、第３図に、縦軸に１駆動力Ｐを、横軸に移動距離ｌを
とったグラフからも明らかなように１．駆動力の強さは
、このＯ位置が最大となるような特性を示す。This excitation coil has a small permanent magnet piece 19 (described later) attached to one pole of the coil, as shown by A-A in FIG.
When the same poles of the permanent magnet pieces are located close to the different poles of the permanent magnet pieces, and when the same ends of the excitation coils are set to the O position, the vertical axis shows 1 driving force P, and the horizontal axis shows 1 driving force P in FIG. As is clear from the graph in which the moving distance l is taken as 1. The strength of the driving force exhibits a characteristic such that this O position is the maximum.

したがって、第２シャッタ一部材５の左側支持腕９には
、シャッター全閉時に励磁コイル１７の吸入側のＯ位ｆ
ｌＡに内側端面１９ａが一致する永久磁石小片１９を取
付けると共に、第１シャッタ一部材４の右側支持腕１６
には、シャッター全開時に励磁コイル１８の出口側のＯ
位置Ｂに外側端面２０ａが一致する永久磁石小片２０を
取付けている。Therefore, the left side support arm 9 of the second shutter member 5 has an O position f on the suction side of the excitation coil 17 when the shutter is fully closed.
Attach the small permanent magnet piece 19 whose inner end surface 19a coincides with lA, and attach the right side support arm 16 of the first shutter member 4.
In this example, when the shutter is fully open, the O on the exit side of the excitation coil 18 is
A small permanent magnet piece 20 whose outer end surface 20a coincides with the position B is attached.

上記永久磁石小片１９はシャッター全開時に、また永久
磁石小片２０はシャッター全閉時に、夫夫全閉方向若し
くは全開方向に夫々強い１駆動力が作用するよう励磁コ
イル１７，１８の中心位置に対して、永久磁石小片１９
の中心は僅かに内端面１７ｂ寄りに、永久磁石小片２０
の中心は僅かに外端面１８ｂ寄りにあるように設定して
いる。The permanent magnet piece 19 is attached to the center position of the excitation coils 17 and 18 so that a strong driving force is applied in the fully closed direction or fully opened direction when the shutter is fully opened, and the permanent magnet piece 20 is applied when the shutter is fully closed. , permanent magnet small piece 19
The center of the permanent magnet small piece 20 is slightly closer to the inner end surface 17b.
The center is set to be slightly closer to the outer end surface 18b.

即ち、各永久磁石小片１９，２００ストローク（Ｉｓ）
は、各励磁コイル１７，１８の全月Ｌ）と、永久磁石小
片１９．２０の長さく１ｍｇ）の差の半／１ 分に等しいが、より少なく〔１ｓ≧７（Ｌ−１ｍｇ）設
定すればよい。That is, each permanent magnet piece has 19,200 strokes (Is)
is equal to half the difference between the total length of each excitation coil 17, 18 (L) and the permanent magnet piece 19.20 (length: 1 mg), but it should be set smaller [1s≧7(L-1mg)]. Bye.

このため、シャッターが開く方向には、第２シャッタ一
部材５の永久磁石小片１９に励磁コイル１７の励磁によ
る急激な駆動力が作用し、シャッターが閉じる方向は、
第１シャッタ一部材４の永久磁石小片２０に励磁コイル
１８の励磁による急激な駆動力が作用することとなる。Therefore, in the direction in which the shutter opens, a sudden driving force due to the excitation of the excitation coil 17 acts on the small permanent magnet piece 19 of the second shutter member 5, and in the direction in which the shutter closes,
A sudden driving force due to the excitation of the excitation coil 18 is applied to the permanent magnet small piece 20 of the first shutter member 4 .

なお、永久磁石小片１９ 、２００素材としては、磁力
が強い希土類コバルトを採用すれば励磁コイルの小型化
を助成することができる。Note that if the permanent magnet pieces 19 and 200 are made of rare earth cobalt, which has a strong magnetic force, it is possible to help miniaturize the excitation coil.

今、第１図に示したシャッター全閉時において、励磁コ
イル１７．１８を、夫々外向きに駆動力が発生するよう
同時に励磁すると、永久磁石小片１９は、Ｏ位置Ａから
励磁コイル１７に入る方向に１駆動されて、第２シャッ
タ一部材５を急激に左方向へ摺動させ、該シャッタ一部
材５の突出部１５を介して、たすき掛は部材１１が反時
針回りに揺動されることにより、第１シャッタ一部材４
は突出部１３を介して右方向へ摺動され、夫々の露出孔
２，３は、撮影孔１の中心に対して徐々に重なり合い撮
影孔１を開放していく。Now, when the shutter is fully closed as shown in FIG. 1, if the excitation coils 17 and 18 are simultaneously excited to generate an outward driving force, the permanent magnet piece 19 enters the excitation coil 17 from the O position A. direction, the second shutter member 5 is rapidly slid to the left, and the cross member 11 is swung counterclockwise through the protrusion 15 of the shutter member 5. By this, the first shutter member 4
is slid to the right via the protruding portion 13, and the respective exposure holes 2 and 3 gradually overlap with each other with respect to the center of the photographing hole 1, thereby opening the photographing hole 1.

このとき、永久磁石小片２０は、最初、励磁コイル１８
の励磁力が強く作用しない中間位置より僅か外端面寄り
にあるが、励磁コイル１８のＯ位置Ｂに近ずくにつれて
、したいに強く駆動される。At this time, the permanent magnet piece 20 is initially attached to the exciting coil 18.
The excitation coil 18 is located slightly closer to the outer end surface than the intermediate position where the excitation force does not act strongly, but as it approaches the O position B of the excitation coil 18, it is driven more and more strongly.

したがって、結果的には、両シャッタ一部材４，５の摺
動スピードの強弱（アンバランス）は、たすき掛は部材
１１により均一化され、かつ継続する強い駆動力により
全体として安定した高速のシャッタースピードが得られ
る。Therefore, as a result, the strength (unbalance) of the sliding speed of both shutter members 4 and 5 is equalized by the cross-crossing member 11, and the continuous strong driving force provides a stable high-speed shutter as a whole. Gain speed.

つぎに、第２図に示したように、撮影孔１が全開になる
と、図示しないタイミング手段で、今度に励磁コイル１
７，１８が逆向きの駆動力が作用するように励磁されて
、永久磁石小片２０が、Ｏ位置Ｂから励磁コイル１８に
入る方向に駆動されて第１シャッタ一部材４を急激に右
方向へ摺動させ、たすき掛は部材１１を介して第２シャ
ッタ一部材５を右方向へ摺動させて撮影孔１を全閉させ
る。Next, as shown in FIG. 2, when the imaging hole 1 is fully opened, a timing means (not shown) causes the excitation coil 1 to open.
7 and 18 are excited so that driving forces act in opposite directions, and the small permanent magnet piece 20 is driven in the direction of entering the exciting coil 18 from the O position B, causing the first shutter member 4 to sharply move to the right. The second shutter member 5 is slid to the right via the cross member 11, and the photographing hole 1 is completely closed.

この場合も上記したと同様に、永久磁石小片１９はＯ位
置Ａに近ずくにつれてしだ℃・に強く駆動されるもので
ある。In this case, as described above, as the permanent magnet piece 19 approaches the O position A, it is gradually driven more strongly to .degree.

この実施例では、励磁コイル１７．１８を同時に励磁す
るような駆動方式をとったが、充分なシャッタースピー
ドが得られれば開き側の励磁コイル１７と閉じ側の励磁
コイル１８を交互に励磁する１駆動力式としてもよい。In this embodiment, a driving method was adopted in which the excitation coils 17 and 18 were excited simultaneously, but if a sufficient shutter speed was obtained, the excitation coil 17 on the opening side and the excitation coil 18 on the closing side were alternately excited. It may also be a driving force type.

なお、本発明は、−Ｓのシャッタ一部材を連動して開閉
作動させる型式のシャッターであれば、実施例のような
ギロチン型式に限られることなく、回動形のシャッター
でも容易に適応することができる。It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the guillotine type as in the embodiment, but can be easily applied to a rotary type shutter as long as it is a type of shutter in which the -S shutter members are linked to open and close. I can do it.

以上の説明からも明らかなように、本発明は、相互に連
動して開閉作動する一対のシャッタ一部材に、夫々永久
磁石小片を取付けて、一方のシャッタ一部材の永久磁石
小片は、シャッター全閉時に該当する励磁コイルの駆動
力が最大の部位に、他方のシャッタ一部材の永久磁石小
片は、シャッター全開時に該当する励磁コイルの１駆動
力が最大の部位に、夫々位置させるようにしたから、急
激な立上り特性で一対のシャッタ一部材を開閉作動させ
ることができ、小型の励磁コイルであっても高速のシャ
ッタースピードを得ることができる。As is clear from the above description, the present invention provides a pair of shutter members that operate in conjunction with each other to open and close, each with a small piece of permanent magnet attached thereto, and the small piece of permanent magnet of one shutter member being attached to the entire shutter. This is because the permanent magnet small piece of the other shutter member is located at the part where the driving force of the corresponding excitation coil is maximum when the shutter is closed, and the part where the driving force of the corresponding excitation coil is maximum when the shutter is fully open. , a pair of shutter members can be opened and closed with a rapid rise characteristic, and a high shutter speed can be obtained even with a small excitation coil.

更に、一対の励磁コイルに対する各シャッタ一部材の永
久磁石小片は、一方に強い１駆動力が作用している時は
他方は補助的に用いるようにしたから、駆動力の強弱が
相殺されて平均化し、安定したシャッタースピードを得
ることができる。Furthermore, the permanent magnet pieces of each shutter member for the pair of excitation coils are designed so that when a strong driving force is acting on one side, the other is used as an auxiliary, so the strength of the driving force is canceled out and the average This allows you to obtain a stable shutter speed.

このように本発明は、励磁コイルの駆動力の強弱を有効
に利用した電磁シャッターであるから、従来のものに比
べてより高速のシャッタースピードが得られ、かつシャ
ッター自体を大型化しないので、コンパクトにカメラに
組込むことができ、実用化を図ることが可能となるもの
である。In this way, the present invention is an electromagnetic shutter that effectively utilizes the strength of the driving force of the excitation coil, so a faster shutter speed can be obtained compared to conventional shutters, and the shutter itself does not have to be large, so it is compact. It can be incorporated into a camera, making it possible to put it into practical use.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第１図は、本発明に係る電磁シャッターの全閉時を示す
正面図、第２図は、第１図のシャッターの全開時を示す
正面図、第３図は、縦軸に駆動力Ｐ、横軸に移動距離ｌ
をとった励磁コイルの駆動力特性図である。 ４・・・・・・第１シャッタ一部材、５・・・・・・第
２シャッタ一部材、１１・・・・・・たすき掛は部材、
１７，１８・・・・・・励磁コイル、１９，２０・・・
・・・永久磁石小片。1 is a front view showing the electromagnetic shutter according to the present invention when fully closed, FIG. 2 is a front view showing the shutter of FIG. 1 when fully open, and FIG. 3 shows the driving force P on the vertical axis; The horizontal axis is the moving distance l
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the driving force characteristics of the exciting coil. 4... First shutter member, 5... Second shutter member, 11... Tasuki member,
17, 18... Excitation coil, 19, 20...
...Small piece of permanent magnet.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] １ シャッター基板の撮影孔を開閉する一対のシャッタ
一部材と、該各シャッタ一部材を全閉位置と全開位置と
に連動させる運動部材とが設けられ、該各シャッタ一部
材の開閉方向に沿って、各シャッタ一部材に対して励磁
コイルが夫々配置され、上記各シャッタ一部材には、永
久磁石小片が夫々取付けられており、一方のシャッタ一
部材の永久磁石小片は、その一方の磁極端面がシャッタ
一部材の全閉位置で対応する励磁コイルの一方の磁極端
面よりやや外方で、該永久磁石小片に対する駆動力が最
大となる位置に一致するように位置設定され、他方のシ
ャッタ一部材の永久磁石小片は、その一方の磁極端面が
シャッタ一部材の全開位置で対応する励磁コイルの他方
の磁極端面よりやや外方で、該永久磁石小片に対する駆
動力が最大となる位置に一致するように位置設定されて
いることを特徴とする電磁シャッター。1 A pair of shutter members for opening and closing the photographing hole of the shutter board, and a movement member for interlocking each shutter member between a fully closed position and a fully open position are provided, and a movement member is provided for moving each shutter member in the opening and closing direction of each shutter member. , an excitation coil is arranged for each shutter member, and a small permanent magnet piece is attached to each shutter member, and the permanent magnet piece of one shutter member has one magnetic pole end face. The position is set so that when the shutter member is in the fully closed position, the excitation coil corresponds to the position where the driving force for the permanent magnet piece is at its maximum, slightly outward from the magnetic pole end face of one of the excitation coils. The permanent magnet small piece is arranged so that one magnetic pole end surface is slightly outward from the other magnetic pole end surface of the corresponding excitation coil when the shutter member is in the fully open position, and corresponds to a position where the driving force for the permanent magnet small piece is maximum. An electromagnetic shutter characterized by having a position set.