JPS5854113B2 - Compost growing house - Google Patents

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は堆肥の製造に用いて好適な育成用ハウスに関す
る。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a growing house suitable for use in producing compost.

化学肥料と農薬の使用によって肥沃塵が低下した土壌を
、有機的に改良して元の肥沃な土壌に戻す方法として、
堆肥の利用が再び注目されて来たが、堆肥の製造技術に
関しては昔ながらの非能率的な方法が用いられており、
また製造の機械化、装置化も殆ど進んでいないのが現状
である。As a method of organically improving soil whose fertility has decreased due to the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, it returns it to its original fertile soil.
The use of compost has once again been attracting attention, but traditional and inefficient methods are still being used to produce compost.
Furthermore, there is currently little progress in the mechanization and equipmentization of manufacturing.

従来行なわれていた一般的な堆肥の製造は、堆肥素材を
集合して山積みし、適当な潅水を行なうことによって該
素材を加熱、発酵、分解させて熟成し、堆肥化するので
あるが、良好な堆肥を得るには潅水と空気の供給量を程
良く調節する必要がある。Conventionally, the conventional method of producing compost is to collect compost materials, pile them up, and apply appropriate watering to heat, ferment, and decompose the materials to ripen them and turn them into compost. To obtain good compost, it is necessary to appropriately adjust the amount of water and air supplied.

即ち、製造に際しては始めの約へ週間は堆積のなかに酸
素が容易に浸透し、二酸化炭素が逃げるようにするため
に通気が必要である。That is, during manufacturing, aeration is necessary for the first few weeks to allow oxygen to easily penetrate into the pile and carbon dioxide to escape.

通気不良は発酵作用を遅らす原因となり、従って従来は
堆積する時に予めパイプを差込んでおいて、堆積後この
パイプを引抜くことにより空気穴を形成して空気の供給
を図っていたが、作業が面倒であると共に程良い空気穴
の形成が難しかった。Poor ventilation can cause delays in the fermentation process, so conventionally a pipe was inserted in advance during deposition and then pulled out after deposition to form air holes and supply air. This was troublesome, and it was also difficult to form just the right air holes.

また一般的には堆積後約三週間後と五週間に、外側の素
材を内部に行くように切り返しを行ない、加熱、発酵、
分解を均一化する作業が必要であって、この作業も甚だ
煩雑であるし、更に第２回目の切り返し後は内部温度が
細菌の棲息圏まで下降するので、細菌が活発に繁殖する
のであるが、これ等の細菌はだいたいが嫌気性のもので
あるため、前述した空気穴が不必要となって、堆積物を
なるべく空気に晒さないようにしなくてはならない。Generally, about three and five weeks after deposition, the outer material is cut back to the inside, heated, fermented,
It is necessary to homogenize the decomposition, which is extremely complicated, and furthermore, after the second cut, the internal temperature drops to the habitat of bacteria, which causes bacteria to actively multiply. Since these bacteria are mostly anaerobic, the air holes described above are unnecessary and the deposit must be exposed to the air as little as possible.

また堆積した素材は、堆積後二〜三日で温度が上昇（華
氏１５０度以上）するため、充分な湿気を与えないと乾
燥して発酵が衰え、熟成するのに時間がかかるし、多く
の重要な栄養が失われてしまう。Also, the temperature of the deposited material increases (over 150 degrees Fahrenheit) within two to three days after it is deposited, so if it is not provided with sufficient moisture, it will dry out and fermentation will slow down, taking longer to ripen and producing more Important nutrients are lost.

・逆に水分が過多になると発酵が低下して良質の堆肥を
得ることができず、従って堆肥の製造は上述した空気量
の調節と共に、湿気の調節も重要な要素となり、加えて
これ等の条件は天候に大きく左右される。・On the other hand, if there is too much water, fermentation will slow down and it will be impossible to obtain high-quality compost. Therefore, in addition to controlling the amount of air mentioned above, controlling humidity is also an important factor in compost production. Conditions largely depend on the weather.

以上の如く堆肥は各種の煩雑な作業と共に、自然環境が
極めて密接に関係して製造されるのであるが、従来は素
材を単に野積みにして雨水と太陽光線の調節を堆積表面
をワラのマルチで覆うことによ゛つて行なっていたため
、湿気の完全なコントロールと空気量の調節、更には製
造後期に於ける空気の遮断効果を充分に発揮できず、ま
た堆肥熟成に必要な窒素とかその他の堆肥成分の散出を
防ぐことができないため良質の堆肥を得られないとか、
野積み方法はコンバイン等で細かく切ったワラを崩れな
いように堆積するのが難しいといった問題があった。As mentioned above, composting involves various complicated operations and is extremely closely related to the natural environment. Conventionally, the materials were simply piled up in the open and the surface of the pile was covered with straw mulch to control rainwater and sunlight. Since this was done by covering the compost with compost, it was not possible to completely control moisture and adjust the amount of air, and furthermore, it was not possible to fully demonstrate the effect of blocking air in the latter stages of production. You may not be able to obtain high-quality compost because you cannot prevent the release of compost components.
The open stacking method has the problem that it is difficult to pile up the straw that has been cut into small pieces using a combine harvester or the like without crumbling.

そこで考えられたのが堆肥素材を適当なハウス内に堆積
して育成する方法であるが、普通のハウスでは空気と水
の供給調節が難しく、また堆肥素材の崩れ止め効果を充
分に発揮できない難点を有し、更に堆肥は熟成すると積
み込み時の％〜Ａの体積に減少するため、ハウス上部に
空間が生じて空気調節が更に難しくなると共に、ハウス
の屋根に積もった雪等によってハウスが潰れたり、カバ
ーが破れたりする事故が生ずる虞れがある等の各種欠陥
があった。The idea was to grow the compost material by depositing it in a suitable greenhouse, but in a normal greenhouse it is difficult to control the supply of air and water, and the compost material cannot fully prevent the material from collapsing. Moreover, as the compost matures, the volume decreases to %~A when loaded, which creates a space above the greenhouse, making air conditioning even more difficult, and also prevents the greenhouse from collapsing due to snow accumulating on the roof of the greenhouse. There were various defects, including the risk of accidents such as the cover being torn.

而して本発明は上述の諸問題を一挙に解決し、体間中の
田や畑の隅等を利用して極めて簡単な方法で良質な堆肥
を得ることができるように工夫した堆肥育成用ハウスを
提供せんとするものであって、以下にその具体的な構成
を図示の実施例の記載に基ずいて詳細に説明する。Therefore, the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems all at once, and provides a compost cultivation method that is devised so that high-quality compost can be obtained in an extremely simple manner by using the corners of rice fields and fields. The present invention is intended to provide a house, and its specific configuration will be described in detail below based on the description of the illustrated embodiment.

図面に於いて１・・・は一定の形態を自己保持できる硬
質でしかも通気性のある板材、例えば金属製或は硬質プ
ラスチック製の網状物ないしはパンチ板等を以って形成
した枠体であって、図示のものは計３枚の板材（金網）
を支持金具２・・・を用いて円形に接続することによっ
て、１個の枠体１を構成している。In the drawings, 1... is a frame formed of a hard yet breathable plate material that can self-retain a certain shape, such as a mesh or punched plate made of metal or hard plastic. The one shown is a total of three plates (wire mesh).
are connected in a circular manner using supporting metal fittings 2... to constitute one frame 1.

支持金具２は第３図の断面図に詳記した如く、複数のボ
ルト２ａ′・・・を外方に向けて突出した内板２ａと、
該ボルト２ａ′に対応する複数のバカ穴２ｂ’・・・を
穿設した外板２ｂと、各ボルト２ａ′・・・の先端に螺
合される複数のナラ）２Ｃ・・・とによって構成され、
金網板の接合に際しては、接合すべき２枚の板材１ａ、
１ｂを重ねて、重ねた網目或は穴内に前記内板２ａの各
ボルト２３′・・・を挿通し、然る後に該ボルト２ａ′
の先端側にバカ穴２ｂ’・・・を利用して外板２ｂを装
着すると共に、ボルト２３′の各先端に夫々ナツト２ｃ
・・・を螺着して締付けることにより、重ねた板材１ａ
ｔｌｂを内外２枚の板２ａ、２ｂで挾むようにして接続
する。As detailed in the sectional view of FIG. 3, the support fitting 2 includes an inner plate 2a with a plurality of bolts 2a' projecting outward;
Consisting of an outer plate 2b having a plurality of hollow holes 2b'... corresponding to the bolts 2a', and a plurality of hollow holes 2C... screwed into the tips of each bolt 2a'... is,
When joining wire mesh plates, two plates 1a to be joined,
1b, and insert each bolt 23' of the inner plate 2a into the overlapped mesh or hole, and then insert the bolt 2a'.
Attach the outer plate 2b to the tip of the bolt 23' using the blank hole 2b', and insert a nut 2c to each tip of the bolt 23'.
By screwing and tightening..., the stacked plate material 1a
The tlb is connected by sandwiching it between two inner and outer plates 2a and 2b.

また上述の如く構成された支持金具２は丈が枠体１の高
さより若干長く形成されていて、この長く形成された部
分で上下に積層された枠体１の積層状態を保持する仕組
になっている。Furthermore, the support fitting 2 configured as described above is formed to have a length slightly longer than the height of the frame 1, and this long portion serves as a mechanism to maintain the stacked state of the frames 1 stacked one above the other. ing.

即ち円形状に構成された枠体１は、例えば第１図の如く
３段に積層され、内部が堆肥素材の収容室１′となる。That is, the circular frame 1 is stacked, for example, in three layers as shown in FIG. 1, and the inside thereof becomes a storage chamber 1' for the compost material.

枠体１の形状としては、図示の円形の他に正方形等の矩
形に形成する場合があり、いずれの枠体も素材である板
材は防蝕処理が施されていることは勿論である。The frame 1 may be formed into a rectangular shape such as a square other than the circular shape shown in the drawings, and the plate material from which each frame is made is of course subjected to anti-corrosion treatment.

また枠体１の積層段数は図示の３段が一般的であるが、
積込む堆肥素材の量によって段数が加減されることは勿
論であり、更に熟成によって素材の量が減った時には、
適宜段数を減すことは、ハウスの保守、管理上重要なこ
とである。In addition, the number of stacked layers of the frame 1 is generally three layers as shown in the figure, but
Of course, the number of stages will be adjusted depending on the amount of compost material to be loaded, and when the amount of material decreases due to aging,
Reducing the number of stages appropriately is important in terms of greenhouse maintenance and management.

以上の如く構成された枠体１の上部には計６本の屋根杆
３・・・を用いて屋根の骨組が構成される。A roof frame is constructed using a total of six roof rods 3 on the upper part of the frame 1 constructed as described above.

３′は底面に計６本の嵌合パイプ３ａ・・・を放射状に
固定した支持盤で、各嵌合パイプ３ａ・・・には屋根杆
３・・・の上端が嵌込まれ、該杆の下端には第５図に示
す取付金具４・・・が夫々固着される。3' is a support plate on which a total of six fitting pipes 3a... are fixed radially on the bottom surface, and the upper ends of the roof rods 3... are fitted into each fitting pipe 3a. Mounting metal fittings 4 shown in FIG. 5 are fixed to the lower ends of the respective parts.

取付金具４の上端には屋根杆３の下端が差込まれる嵌合
穴４ａが凹設され、下端にはスリット４ｂが設けられて
おり、該スリンｈ４ｂの部分を枠体１の上縁に差込み、
ボルト４′とナツト４“によって枠体１側に締着される
。A fitting hole 4a into which the lower end of the roof rod 3 is inserted is provided at the upper end of the mounting bracket 4, and a slit 4b is provided at the lower end, and the slit h4b is inserted into the upper edge of the frame 1. ,
It is fastened to the frame 1 side by bolts 4' and nuts 4''.

この様に枠体１上に構成される屋根の骨組は全て分解自
在であり、また収納室１′を構成する枠体１自体も支持
金具２によって組立てと分解が自由に行なえるものであ
るから、本発明のハウスは必要な時だけ組立て使用する
ことが可能である。In this way, the roof frame constructed on the frame 1 can be completely disassembled, and the frame 1 itself, which constitutes the storage room 1', can be freely assembled and disassembled using the support fittings 2. The house of the present invention can be assembled and used only when necessary.

次に５は屋根杆３・・・によって形成された屋根部分に
取付けられる屋根用のカバーで、周面には開閉蓋６ａを
備え、且つ窓孔に網を張設した窓部６・・・が設けられ
ている。Next, reference numeral 5 denotes a roof cover that is attached to the roof portion formed by the roof rods 3, and has an opening/closing lid 6a on the circumference, and a window portion 6 with a mesh stretched over the window hole. is provided.

５ａは該カバー５の下縁に挿通した締付用の紐で、この
カバー５には更に必要に応じて開閉自在なファスナー（
図示せず）が取付けられる。5a is a tightening string inserted into the lower edge of the cover 5, and the cover 5 also has a zipper (
(not shown) is attached.

７は枠体１・・・の周囲を覆うように取付けられたカバ
ーで、前記屋根用のカバー５を含むこれ等のカバーは、
いずれもビニールシート地の如き耐水構造のものが使用
される。7 is a cover attached to cover the periphery of the frame 1, and these covers including the roof cover 5 are:
In both cases, water-resistant materials such as vinyl sheets are used.

７ａは該カバー７の側面縦方向に取付けられていて、該
カバー７の開閉を自由にさせるファスナー、７ｂ・・・
はカバー７の下縁に取付けた固定用のフックを示す。7a is a fastener attached to the side surface of the cover 7 in the vertical direction and allows the cover 7 to be opened and closed freely; 7b...
indicates a fixing hook attached to the lower edge of the cover 7.

また第６図に於いて、８は枠体１の内部、即ち収納室１
′内に立設した多孔パイプで、一端８ａは枠体１の外部
に導出し、外気を収納室１′内に取入れられる構造とな
っている。Further, in FIG. 6, 8 indicates the inside of the frame 1, that is, the storage chamber 1.
It is a perforated pipe installed inside the storage chamber 1', and one end 8a is led out to the outside of the frame 1, so that outside air can be taken into the storage chamber 1'.

同図示はしていないか、屋根用カバー５の周面に設けた
開閉蓋６ａ付きの窓部６と同じものを、前記カバー７の
周面に設ける場合も考えられる。Although not shown in the figure, it is also conceivable that the same window portion 6 with an opening/closing lid 6a provided on the circumferential surface of the roof cover 5 is provided on the circumferential surface of the cover 7.

本発明に係る堆肥育成用のハウスは上述の如き構成であ
って、組立、分解が自在で運搬、保管に便利であり、ど
こにでも簡単に組立て堆肥を育成できるので、取入れ後
（体間中）の田圃の片隅等に組立て実施することができ
る。The compost growing house according to the present invention has the above-mentioned structure, and can be assembled and disassembled freely, making it convenient to transport and store.Since it can be easily assembled and grown anywhere, compost can be grown easily after it is taken in (all over the body). It can be assembled and carried out in a corner of a rice field.

この事は堆肥の製造を堆肥素材のある現場で行なえるた
め、無駄な運搬作業等を省略できて好適である。This is advantageous because the compost can be produced at the site where the compost material is available, and wasteful transportation work can be omitted.

また本発明のハウスは、堆肥素材を積込む収納室を金網
とかパンチ板の如き通気性のある枠体によって構成して
いるため、コンバイン等で細断したワラでも種部れの心
配なくハウス内に堆積して育成することができ、加えて
枠体の周囲を覆うカバーは、太陽の直射から素材を守っ
て、素材の乾燥を防止することができる。In addition, in the greenhouse of the present invention, the storage chamber in which compost material is loaded is constructed with a breathable frame such as a wire mesh or punch board, so even straw shredded with a combine harvester etc. can be stored inside the greenhouse without worrying about seeds breaking. In addition, the cover surrounding the frame protects the material from direct sunlight and prevents it from drying out.

更に枠体は通気構造であり、加えて該枠体を覆うカバー
は、全体が開閉自在であり、しかも側面には開閉自在な
窓部を備えているため、熟成初期には該窓或はカバー自
体を開いて空気を供給し、発酵を促進させることが可能
であり、また熟成後期にはカバー並びに窓を閉じて外気
と遮断し、細菌の繁殖を活発にすると共に、窒素を始め
とする。Furthermore, the frame has a ventilation structure, and in addition, the cover that covers the frame can be opened and closed as a whole, and has a window on the side that can be opened and closed. It is possible to open the container itself to supply air and promote fermentation, and in the later stages of ripening, the cover and window are closed to isolate it from the outside air, which activates the growth of bacteria and releases nitrogen and other nitrogen.

各種堆肥成分の散出を防止して良質の堆肥を得ることが
できる。It is possible to obtain high-quality compost by preventing the release of various compost components.

一方堆積した素材の中心部に対する空気の供給は、枠体
（収納室）内に立設した多孔パイプからむら無く行なわ
れるため、素材の発酵を内外の区別無く均一化すること
ができる。On the other hand, since air is evenly supplied to the center of the deposited material from a porous pipe installed inside the frame (storage chamber), the fermentation of the material can be uniformized without distinction between inside and outside.

またハウス内に堆積した素材に対する水の供給は、カバ
ーに設けた窓部よりホースとかシャワー等を差込んで行
なえるから、いちいちカバーを開いたり、或は外したり
する手間を省き、能率の高い育成を果すことができる。In addition, water can be supplied to the materials accumulated inside the greenhouse by inserting a hose or shower through the window provided in the cover, which eliminates the need to open and remove the cover each time, making it highly efficient. It can be cultivated.

更に前述した多孔パイプは、素材に供給した余分な水の
排水路ともなるから、素材の発酵と細菌の繁殖を好条件
下で進めることができる。Furthermore, since the porous pipe described above also serves as a drainage channel for excess water supplied to the material, fermentation of the material and proliferation of bacteria can proceed under favorable conditions.

尚堆肥素材の積込みに当っては、雨等で予め濡れたワラ
等を選んで積込めば、水分供給のための余分な労力を省
略できて好適である。When loading the compost material, it is preferable to select and load straw or the like that has been wetted by rain or the like in advance, as this will save unnecessary labor for supplying moisture.

そして堆肥素材の積込みに当っては、枠体を順次１段宛
重ねながら積込めるので、積込みの作業性が良好である
一方、分解も容易であるから不使用時には全体を可及的
に小さくまとめて収納、保管することができる。When loading compost materials, the frames can be stacked one by one in sequence, making loading work easier, while also being easy to disassemble, so the whole thing can be kept as small as possible when not in use. It can be stored and stored.

以上述べた如く本発明のハウスは、空気の供給調節と、
水分の供給が外部より自在に行なえるから、堆積素材の
加熱、発酵、分解がそのままの状態で全体的にむら無く
行なわれ、従って堆肥製造に欠くことのできなかった面
倒な切り返し作業を省略できて、堆肥の製造を頗る簡単
にすることができる。As described above, the house of the present invention can adjust the supply of air,
Since moisture can be freely supplied from the outside, the heating, fermentation, and decomposition of the deposited materials can be carried out evenly throughout the pile, thus eliminating the troublesome work of turning back and forth, which is indispensable for compost production. This can greatly simplify the production of compost.

加えてハウス全体はカバーで覆われているため、天候、
風等の自然環境に左右されず、更に堆肥成分並びに湿度
を外部に散出することなく、バクテリヤの繁殖を好条件
に保つことができ、促成菌等の使用と相俟って短時間で
良質の堆肥を製造することができる。In addition, the entire house is covered with a cover, so it is protected from weather,
It is not affected by the natural environment such as wind, and it is possible to maintain favorable conditions for bacterial growth without dispersing compost components and humidity to the outside. Combined with the use of accelerator bacteria, high quality can be achieved in a short period of time. compost can be produced.

また本発明のハウスは、支持金具を用いて積層した複数
の枠体を以って構成しているため、素材の積込みに便利
であると共に、堆肥素材の体積が熟成によって減少した
時は、該支持金具を外して枠体の段数を減らして素材と
天井間の空間を無くすことができ、従って空間の発生に
よる空気量の調節不完全とか、積雪によるハウスの破損
といった各種事故を未然に防ぐことができる。Furthermore, since the house of the present invention is constructed with a plurality of frames laminated using supporting metal fittings, it is convenient for loading materials, and when the volume of compost materials decreases due to aging, By removing the support fittings and reducing the number of frames, it is possible to eliminate the space between the material and the ceiling, thereby preventing various accidents such as incomplete adjustment of air volume due to the creation of a space, and damage to the house due to snow accumulation. Can be done.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

図面は本発明の一実施例であって、第１図はハウス全体
の一部切断正面図、第２図はカバーを外したハウスの平
面図、第３図は支持金具の断面図、第４図は支持盤の正
面図、第５図は屋根杆用取付金具の側面図、第６図は多
孔パイプの配設状態を示した説明図である。 １・・・・・・枠体、２・・・・・・支持金具、５，７
・・・・・・カバー８・・・・・・多孔パイプ。The drawings show one embodiment of the present invention, in which Fig. 1 is a partially cutaway front view of the entire house, Fig. 2 is a plan view of the house with the cover removed, Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the support fittings, and Fig. 4 The figure is a front view of the support board, FIG. 5 is a side view of the roof rod mounting bracket, and FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing the arrangement of the porous pipes. 1... Frame body, 2... Support metal fittings, 5, 7
...Cover 8...Porous pipe.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] １ 硬質で自己保持でき、且つ通気性のある板材を以っ
て全体を円形成は矩形に形成した枠体複数個を、支持金
具を用いて順次積層自在と成し、該積層した枠体の天井
部と周辺を開閉可能なカバーによって覆い、該カバーに
は開閉自在な窓部を設けると基に、前記枠体の内部には
一端を枠体外に導出した多孔パイプを立設したことを特
徴とする堆肥育成用ハウス。1 A plurality of circular or rectangular frames made of hard, self-retaining, and air permeable plate material can be laminated one after another using supporting metal fittings, and the laminated frames are The ceiling and surrounding area are covered by a cover that can be opened and closed, and the cover is provided with a window that can be opened and closed, and a perforated pipe with one end led out of the frame is installed inside the frame. A house for growing compost.