JPS5850937A - Apparatus for measuring shape of cornea - Google Patents

Apparatus for measuring shape of cornea

Info

Publication number
JPS5850937A
JPS5850937A JP56149058A JP14905881A JPS5850937A JP S5850937 A JPS5850937 A JP S5850937A JP 56149058 A JP56149058 A JP 56149058A JP 14905881 A JP14905881 A JP 14905881A JP S5850937 A JPS5850937 A JP S5850937A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
corneal
index
cornea
measuring device
lens
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP56149058A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS629331B2 (en
Inventor
中村 行告
増田 高
恭司 関口
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Canon Inc
Original Assignee
Canon Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Canon Inc filed Critical Canon Inc
Priority to JP56149058A priority Critical patent/JPS5850937A/en
Publication of JPS5850937A publication Critical patent/JPS5850937A/en
Priority to US06/734,234 priority patent/US4660946A/en
Publication of JPS629331B2 publication Critical patent/JPS629331B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた
め要約のデータは記録されません。
(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は、眼科測定装置とりわけ角膜形状測定装置に関
する。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an ophthalmological measuring device, particularly a corneal topography measuring device.

角膜の形状を測定する角膜針は一般に角膜の一鵬乱視度
そして乱視軸方向の三要素を一定するために使われるが
、コ/タタトレンズのベースカーブの検査などにも使わ
れることがある。
The corneal needle used to measure the shape of the cornea is generally used to stabilize the three elements of the cornea, including the degree of astigmatism and the axis of astigmatism, but it is also sometimes used to examine the base curve of co/tata lenses.

従来、角膜の形状を測定する装置とし【、すクリフ式オ
フサルモメータや、リドマン式オツサルモメータ等の角
膜針が周知であるが、各々次のよ5な欠点があった。
Conventionally, corneal needles such as the Scriff-type off-salmometer and the Lidman-type off-salmometer have been known as devices for measuring the shape of the cornea, but each of them has the following drawbacks.

すタリフ式オフすルモメータは対物レンズと同心の円形
スリットと、その円形スリットを4等分割する位置に特
殊なマークを有する形状の指標を角111に投影して角
膜反射像をつくり、その反射像を移動プリズム式の合致
システムのある測定光学系で観察し、反射像の!−りが
所定状態に合致した時のプリズム移動量を検出して角膜
曲率等の値を測定するものである。
The tarif-type off-lumometer projects a circular slit concentric with the objective lens and an index with special marks at the positions dividing the circular slit into four equal parts onto the corner 111 to create a corneal reflection image. is observed using a measuring optical system with a moving prism-type matching system, and the reflected image! - The amount of prism movement when the curvature matches a predetermined condition is detected to measure values such as corneal curvature.

この装置は水平、垂直方向の指標像を同−視野内で観察
でき、円形指標の反射像の状IIKより不正乱視勢の様
子を観察しやすくなり【いる。、しかし投影指標が角膜
に対し有限遠にあり、測定光学系も角膜反射像を有限遠
の像として結偉する光路になっている為、作動距離(角
膜と測定装置との光軸方向の距離)の誤差が側室誤差に
太き(影響するという欠点がある。   1 一方、リド°マン式のオフサルモメータは作動距離合わ
せ誤差が測定値に影響しないようにつ(られているもの
で、対物レンズの光軸に対し、点対称02つの小さな指
標を各々比較的小径の投影レンズで角膜に対し平行光で
投影して角膜反射書をつくり、その反射像を合致システ
ムを有するテレセントリック光学系からなる測定システ
ムで測定するようKなっている為、測定精度は良い。
This device allows the horizontal and vertical index images to be observed within the same field of view, making it easier to observe irregular astigmatism than the reflected image of the circular index IIK. However, since the projection index is at a finite distance from the cornea and the measurement optical system is also an optical path that focuses the corneal reflected image as an image at a finite distance, the working distance (distance in the optical axis direction between the cornea and the measurement device) ) has the disadvantage that the error greatly affects the side chamber error. 1 On the other hand, the Lidmann-type ophthalmometer is designed so that the working distance adjustment error does not affect the measurement value, and the objective It consists of a telecentric optical system that has a point-symmetrical optical axis with respect to the optical axis of the lens.It projects two small indicators onto the cornea as parallel light using a projection lens with a relatively small diameter to create a corneal reflection, and the reflected image is matched with a telecentric optical system. The measurement accuracy is good because it is measured using a measurement system.

しかし被検眼を照明する指標投影レンズが所定経線方向
に設けられる小径の球面レンズである為、小さな形状の
指標しか投影できず、角膜乱視の度合や不正乱視の状態
を全体的Kni!!察することができず、また自動測定
システムにするには一対の指標のみでは不都合であり、
これを解消するために指標を同時に多数投影する構造に
しようとすると、各々の指標に対応した位置に多数の投
影レンズを所定位置関係で設置する必要があり、構造が
複雑になるという欠点があった。
However, because the index projection lens that illuminates the eye to be examined is a small-diameter spherical lens installed in a predetermined meridian direction, only a small-shaped index can be projected, and the degree of corneal astigmatism and the state of irregular astigmatism can be determined only by Kni! ! In addition, it is inconvenient to use only a pair of indicators for an automatic measurement system.
In order to solve this problem, if a structure is used to project a large number of indicators at the same time, it is necessary to install a large number of projection lenses in a predetermined position at a position corresponding to each indicator, resulting in a complicated structure. Ta.

本発明の目的は、円形状又は円周上に多数の光点を配列
した投影指標を光学的に無限遠から角1llIK投影す
ることにより、角膜と指標の距離が最適位置より若干ず
れても角膜反射像の大きさが変化しないような簡便な指
標投影す段を提供することにある。
The purpose of the present invention is to optically project a projection index having a circular shape or a large number of light spots arranged on the circumference from an infinite distance at an angle of 111K, thereby preventing corneal reflection even if the distance between the cornea and the index is slightly off from the optimal position. The object of the present invention is to provide a simple index projection stage in which the size of the image does not change.

この目的は任意の経線方向で、屈折力をもち、これに直
交する円周方向で屈折力をもたない円環状の一体的なシ
リンドリカルレ・ンズを用い、そ〕焦焦点量に被検眼へ
の投影指標を設けるととにより達成される。
The purpose of this is to use a toric-shaped integral cylindrical lens that has refractive power in any meridian direction and no refractive power in the circumferential direction perpendicular to the meridian direction. This is achieved by providing a projection index of .

本発明の指標投影手段により得られた角膜反射像をテレ
セン)IJフック学系の測定システムで針側すれば、作
動距離会わせ誤差の影響を受けな■正確な測定値を得る
ことができる。
If the corneal reflection image obtained by the index projection means of the present invention is placed on the needle side with a telesensing (IJ hook) measuring system, accurate measured values can be obtained without being affected by working distance alignment errors.

しかも角膜乱視度や涙液による角、膜反射偉の乱れの様
子を容易に観察できる角膜形状測定装置とすることがで
きる。
Moreover, the corneal shape measuring device can easily observe the degree of corneal astigmatism, the angle caused by lachrymal fluid, and the state of disturbance in membrane reflection.

以下、添付する図面を用いて本発明の詳細な説明する。Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail using the accompanying drawings.

第1図でBcは被検眼の角膜を示す。In FIG. 1, Bc indicates the cornea of the eye to be examined.

1は指標投影レンズで円環状のシリンドリカルレンズ、
2は第2図に示されるような円形状スリッドの投影指標
で投影レンズ1の後側焦点位置近傍に配置される。3は
投影指標2を照明する光源ス円環状の光源(例えば円環
状ストロボ)でも、微小光源(例えば発光ダイオード)
を複数個円周上に配列したものでも良い。
1 is an index projection lens, which is a circular cylindrical lens.
Reference numeral 2 denotes a circular slid projection index as shown in FIG. 2, which is arranged near the rear focal point of the projection lens 1. 3 is a light source that illuminates the projection index 2. It can be a circular light source (for example, a circular strobe) or a minute light source (for example, a light emitting diode).
A plurality of them may be arranged on the circumference.

ここで円環状のシリ/トリカルレンズ1は各経線方向で
屈折力をもち、これに直交する方向すなわち円周方向で
屈折力をもたない、一体となったレンズである。4は対
物レンズでその後側焦点位置近傍に絞り5を有し、テレ
セントリック光学系を構成する。
Here, the annular silica/trical lens 1 is an integrated lens that has refractive power in each meridian direction and has no refractive power in a direction perpendicular to the meridian direction, that is, in the circumferential direction. Reference numeral 4 denotes an objective lens, which has a diaphragm 5 near its rear focal point, and constitutes a telecentric optical system.

対物レンズ4の結健位置には位置検出素子6が設けられ
る。位置検出素子6としてはCOD等の1次元イメージ
センナ、1次元ホトダイオードアレイ又は2次元イメー
ジセンナが用いられる。ところで円環状シリンドリカル
レンズ1と、投影指標2と、円環状の光源3とは、対物
レンズ40光軸2を中心として同心円状に配置される。
A position detection element 6 is provided at the position of the objective lens 4. As the position detection element 6, a one-dimensional image sensor such as a COD, a one-dimensional photodiode array, or a two-dimensional image sensor is used. Incidentally, the annular cylindrical lens 1, the projection index 2, and the annular light source 3 are arranged concentrically around the optical axis 2 of the objective lens 40.

これによって、111図のような光軸Sを含む断面すな
わち所定経線方向断面内で、光源6で照明された投影指
標2からの光は円環状シリンドリカルレンズ1により無
限遠からの光束すなわち平行な光束に変換され、角膜l
cに投影される。
As a result, within a cross section including the optical axis S as shown in FIG. transformed, corneal l
projected onto c.

角膜lcの凸面鏡作用によって、投影指標20角膜反射
62’(虚像)が形成されるが、指標投影光学系が前述
のように無隈遠から゛の光束で被検眼を照射し【いるた
め、投影指標と角膜Tlacとの距離が最適距離より若
干ずれた場合でも角膜反射62’の大きさは変化しない
Due to the convex mirror action of the cornea lc, a corneal reflection 62' (virtual image) of the projection target 20 is formed, but since the target projection optical system illuminates the subject's eye with a beam of light from an infinite distance as described above, the projection target Even if the distance between the cornea Tlac and the cornea Tlac deviates slightly from the optimum distance, the magnitude of the corneal reflection 62' does not change.

また角膜反射82’を位置検出素子6に結像する結像光
学系がテレ七ントリック系となっているたへ作動距離(
角膜Bcと対物レンズ4との光軸方向の距離)が変化し
ても位置検出部6に結像される角膜反射像2Iの投影儂
2“の大きさは変化しない。
In addition, since the imaging optical system that images the corneal reflection 82' onto the position detection element 6 is a telescopic system, the working distance (
Even if the distance between the cornea Bc and the objective lens 4 in the optical axis direction changes, the size of the projection area 2'' of the corneal reflection image 2I formed on the position detection unit 6 does not change.

すなわち8羽光学系及び結像光学系の共働作用により、
被検眼が光軸方向に多少動A1ても角膜反射[2’の大
きさは変化せず、測定誤差を生じない。
In other words, due to the cooperative action of the 8-blade optical system and the imaging optical system,
Even if the eye to be examined moves slightly A1 in the optical axis direction, the magnitude of the corneal reflection [2' does not change, and no measurement error occurs.

ところで角@Bcが完全球面の場合、角膜反射像2Iは
真円となるが一般に角jl[Bcはトーリック面となっ
ているので、角膜反射像21は楕円になることが多い。
By the way, if the angle @Bc is a perfect sphere, the corneal reflection image 2I will be a perfect circle, but since the angle jl[Bc is generally a toric surface, the corneal reflection image 21 will often be an ellipse.

そのため、角膜反射$2’の形状を測定するには、一般
に楕円形状を求める測定システムが必要となる。
Therefore, in order to measure the shape of the corneal reflection $2', a measurement system that generally obtains an elliptical shape is required.

第3図はこの測定システムの一実施例の図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram of one embodiment of this measurement system.

これは1次元ホトダイオードアレイを位置検出素子6に
用い、これを測定光軸5を中心として回転走査して角膜
反射62’の投影gI&2#の楕円の長径、短径、楕円
軸を検出して電気的に演算するものである。
This uses a one-dimensional photodiode array as the position detection element 6, which is rotated and scanned around the measurement optical axis 5 to detect the major axis, minor axis, and elliptical axis of the projection gI &2# of the corneal reflection 62'. It is calculated based on the

この楕円形状を換算すれば、角膜の曲率半径、乱視度、
乱視軸方向を算出することができる。
If this elliptical shape is converted, the radius of curvature of the cornea, the degree of astigmatism,
The astigmatism axis direction can be calculated.

なお測定システムとしては、これに限らず、複数個例え
ば6箇の1次元ホトダイオードアレイを所定位置関係で
配置した構成にしたり、又は2次元1偉素子を用い【瞬
時に自動測定するようKし【も良い。
Note that the measurement system is not limited to this, but may have a configuration in which a plurality of, for example, six one-dimensional photodiode arrays are arranged in a predetermined positional relationship, or a two-dimensional one-dimensional element may be used to perform instantaneous automatic measurement. Also good.

なお角膜Ecと測定系との位置合わせ操作を行う際の外
観及び角膜反射像の観察をするために、測定光路中に光
分割ミラー7(例えばハーフミラ−。
In addition, in order to observe the external appearance and the corneal reflection image when aligning the cornea Ec and the measurement system, a light splitting mirror 7 (for example, a half mirror) is installed in the measurement optical path.

グイクロイックミラー)とリレーレンズ8.9%ミラー
10、接眼レンズ11を有する観察光学系を設けると都
合が良い。なお光分割2ラー7として、グイクロイック
ミラーを用いる場合、観察光学系に導くための光束すな
わち第1図におい【光分割ミラー7で反射されるような
光束を発する照明光源な別に設けると良い。
It is convenient to provide an observation optical system having an 8.9% mirror 10, a relay lens 10, and an eyepiece 11. Note that when using a guichroic mirror as the light splitting mirror 7, it is preferable to provide a separate illumination light source that emits a light flux to be guided to the observation optical system, that is, a light flux that is reflected by the light splitting mirror 7 in FIG. .

第4図は本発明の他の実施例で、指標投影レンズに円板
状のフレネル式シリンドリカルレンズ1′を用いたもの
である。IIE5図はこのレンズの経線方向断面を示す
、このレンズは咎経線方向でフレネル状のレンズとなっ
ており、これに直交する円周方向では屈折力を持たない
FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of the present invention, in which a disk-shaped Fresnel type cylindrical lens 1' is used as the target projection lens. Figure IIE5 shows a cross section of this lens in the meridian direction. This lens is a Fresnel-shaped lens in the meridian direction, and has no refractive power in the circumferential direction orthogonal to this.

この7レネルレンズはアクリル樹脂等の゛インジェクシ
ョン成形加工により容易に大量生産できる。
This 7-lens lens can be easily mass-produced by injection molding of acrylic resin or the like.

第6図は本発明の第1実施例の変形例で、鏡筒に組込み
易い形状にしたものである。
FIG. 6 shows a modification of the first embodiment of the present invention, which has a shape that can be easily assembled into a lens barrel.

指標投影2の有効光束付近のみ、前述のシリンドリカル
レンズとして作用する形状に仕上げた円環状シリンドリ
カルレンズ1′を対物レンズ鏡筒12の外周に嵌合し、
カバー111りで抑えて固定するものである。
Only in the vicinity of the effective light beam of the index projection 2, an annular cylindrical lens 1' finished in a shape that acts as the aforementioned cylindrical lens is fitted to the outer periphery of the objective lens barrel 12,
It is held down and fixed with a cover 111.

ここで対物レンズ鏡筒12の先端外縁12aとカバー環
15の先端内縁13mとで絞りを形成し、円環状シリン
ドリカルレンズ1“の後側焦点位置に円形スリット状の
投影指標2を設け、その後側に円環状の光源3が配置さ
れる。
Here, an aperture is formed by the outer edge 12a of the tip of the objective lens barrel 12 and the inner edge 13m of the tip of the cover ring 15, and a circular slit-shaped projection index 2 is provided at the back focal position of the annular cylindrical lens 1''. An annular light source 3 is arranged at.

以上、本発明によれば円形状の指標又は円周状に配列し
た複数個の指標を無限遠光束で角膜に投影でき、角膜反
射像の形状を一経線方向のみでなく、多数経線方向で同
時に検出でき、また1次元ホトダイオードアレイや2次
元1偉素子を検出部に用いた自動測定装置への応用に適
する簡単な構造の角膜形状測定装置を提供できる。
As described above, according to the present invention, a circular index or a plurality of indexes arranged circumferentially can be projected onto the cornea with an infinite beam of light, and the shape of the corneal reflected image can be changed not only in one meridian direction but also in multiple meridian directions simultaneously. It is possible to provide a corneal shape measuring device with a simple structure suitable for application to an automatic measuring device that uses a one-dimensional photodiode array or a two-dimensional one-dimensional element as a detection section.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図は本発明の第1実施例の図、 第2図は円形状スリットの図、 第5図は角膜反射像の形状測定の説明図、第4図は本発
明の第2実施例の図、 第5図は円板状のフレネル式シリンドリカルレンズの経
線方向断面図、 wX6図は第1実施例の変形例で鏡筒に組込み易い形状
にした形態の図、 図中、Bcは角膜、1 、1’、 ’1’は指標投影レ
ンズ、2は投影指標、2は投影指標の角膜反射骨、2“
は投影偉、5は光源、4は対物レンズ、5は絞り、6は
位置検出素子である。 出願人 キャノン株式会社 箔1 ノ 筒22   箭3ノ
Fig. 1 is a diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a diagram of a circular slit, Fig. 5 is an explanatory diagram of shape measurement of a corneal reflection image, and Fig. 4 is a diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view in the meridian direction of a disc-shaped Fresnel type cylindrical lens. Figure wX6 is a modification of the first embodiment, which is shaped to be easily incorporated into a lens barrel. In the figure, Bc is a cornea; 1, 1', '1' is the index projection lens, 2 is the projection index, 2 is the corneal reflection bone of the projection index, 2"
5 is a projection lens, 5 is a light source, 4 is an objective lens, 5 is a diaphragm, and 6 is a position detection element. Applicant: Canon Co., Ltd. Haku 1 Notsutsu 22 Yasu 3 No

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 1、被検眼角膜に所定指標を投影し、該指標の角膜反射
惚の形状より角膜形状を測定する装置において、 各経線方向で前記指標を無限遠から投影する光学手段を
有することを特徴とする角膜形状測定装置。 λ前記光学手段が各経線方向で屈折力を有し、これに直
交する円周方向で屈折力の無い円環状シリンドリカルレ
ンズである特許請求の範囲第1項記載の角膜形状測定装
置。 3、各経線方向で、7レネル状断面を有するシリンドリ
カルレンズである特許請求の範囲112項記載の角膜形
状測定装置。 4、所定指標が円l状指標又は円周上に複数個配列され
た指標で、前記シリンドリカルレンズの悠点位置に設け
られる特許請求の範囲第2項記載の角膜形状測定装置。 5、前記角膜反射曹の形状が、結像光学系によって結像
される位置検出素子上での位置検出により一1定される
特許請求の範囲第1項記載の角膜形状測定装置。 6、前記結像光学系がテレ七ントリック系である特許請
求の範囲第1項記載の角膜形状測定装置載の角膜形状測
定装置。
[Scope of Claims] 1. An apparatus for projecting a predetermined index onto the cornea of a subject's eye and measuring the shape of the cornea from the shape of the corneal reflex of the index, comprising an optical means for projecting the index from infinity in each meridian direction. A corneal shape measuring device characterized by: 2. The corneal shape measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the optical means is a toric cylindrical lens having refractive power in each meridian direction and no refractive power in the circumferential direction perpendicular to the meridian direction. 3. The corneal shape measuring device according to claim 112, which is a cylindrical lens having a 7-lenal cross section in each meridian direction. 4. The corneal shape measuring device according to claim 2, wherein the predetermined index is a circular l-shaped index or a plurality of indexes arranged on the circumference, and is provided at the austral position of the cylindrical lens. 5. The corneal shape measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the shape of the corneal reflector is fixed by position detection on a position detection element on which an image is formed by an imaging optical system. 6. The corneal shape measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the imaging optical system is a telescopic system.
JP56149058A 1981-09-21 1981-09-21 Apparatus for measuring shape of cornea Granted JPS5850937A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP56149058A JPS5850937A (en) 1981-09-21 1981-09-21 Apparatus for measuring shape of cornea
US06/734,234 US4660946A (en) 1981-09-21 1985-05-14 Cornea shape measuring method and apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP56149058A JPS5850937A (en) 1981-09-21 1981-09-21 Apparatus for measuring shape of cornea

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS5850937A true JPS5850937A (en) 1983-03-25
JPS629331B2 JPS629331B2 (en) 1987-02-27

Family

ID=15466743

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP56149058A Granted JPS5850937A (en) 1981-09-21 1981-09-21 Apparatus for measuring shape of cornea

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS5850937A (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59214427A (en) * 1983-05-23 1984-12-04 キヤノン株式会社 Cornea shape measuring apparatus
JPS63216528A (en) * 1987-03-06 1988-09-08 キヤノン株式会社 Cornea shape measuring apparatus
JP2001087226A (en) * 1999-08-04 2001-04-03 Oculus Optikgeraete Gmbh Slit projector

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4930957A (en) * 1972-07-20 1974-03-19
JPS507990U (en) * 1973-05-22 1975-01-27
JPS52135758A (en) * 1976-05-10 1977-11-14 Susumu Hashimoto Circular scale observing device
JPS5618837A (en) * 1979-07-23 1981-02-23 Canon Kk Keratometer

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4930957A (en) * 1972-07-20 1974-03-19
JPS507990U (en) * 1973-05-22 1975-01-27
JPS52135758A (en) * 1976-05-10 1977-11-14 Susumu Hashimoto Circular scale observing device
JPS5618837A (en) * 1979-07-23 1981-02-23 Canon Kk Keratometer

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59214427A (en) * 1983-05-23 1984-12-04 キヤノン株式会社 Cornea shape measuring apparatus
JPS6322822B2 (en) * 1983-05-23 1988-05-13 Canon Kk
JPS63216528A (en) * 1987-03-06 1988-09-08 キヤノン株式会社 Cornea shape measuring apparatus
JP2001087226A (en) * 1999-08-04 2001-04-03 Oculus Optikgeraete Gmbh Slit projector
JP4518351B2 (en) * 1999-08-04 2010-08-04 オクルス オプティクゲレーテ ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング Slit projector

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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