JPS5833058A - Solar heat collecting apparatus - Google Patents
Solar heat collecting apparatusInfo
- Publication number
- JPS5833058A JPS5833058A JP56131133A JP13113381A JPS5833058A JP S5833058 A JPS5833058 A JP S5833058A JP 56131133 A JP56131133 A JP 56131133A JP 13113381 A JP13113381 A JP 13113381A JP S5833058 A JPS5833058 A JP S5833058A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- heat
- water
- pump
- heat collection
- pipe
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
- F24S40/70—Preventing freezing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は、水を直接集熱器へ循環させ太陽熱を集熱する
太陽熱集熱装置に関するもので、その目的とするところ
は、凍結のおそれのある場合には、集熱ポンプとは別個
に設けた水回収ポンプを作動させて、集熱器や配管内の
水を強制排出させることにより、凍結を完全に防止する
ことができる太陽熱集熱装置を提供することにある。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a solar heat collector that collects solar heat by circulating water directly to a heat collector. An object of the present invention is to provide a solar heat collector that can completely prevent freezing by operating a water recovery pump installed separately from a heat pump and forcibly discharging water in the collector and piping. .
従来、水を直接集熱器に循環させ集熱を行なう太陽熱集
熱装置は数多く存在したが、いずれも水抜きが完全に行
なえないため、凍結事故が続発していた。第3図はその
代表的な例を示すものである。すなわち、集熱器31へ
は集熱ポンプ32により蓄熱槽33内の水が、集熱往き
管34を経て循環され、かつ集熱器で昇温された温水は
集熱器 ゛り管36を経て再び蓄熱槽33に戻される。Conventionally, there have been many solar heat collectors that collect heat by circulating water directly through the collector, but all of them have been unable to drain water completely, resulting in a series of freezing accidents. FIG. 3 shows a typical example. That is, the water in the heat storage tank 33 is circulated to the heat collector 31 by the heat collection pump 32 via the heat collection inlet pipe 34, and the hot water heated in the heat collector is circulated through the heat collector inlet pipe 36. After that, it is returned to the heat storage tank 33 again.
また蓄熱槽33の上部にはジスターン36が設けられて
おり、ボールタップ37にて水道水が供給停止される。Further, a distern 36 is provided above the heat storage tank 33, and a ball tap 37 stops the supply of tap water.
給湯栓38には給湯ポンプ39にて蓄熱槽33の温水が
供給される。また使用された温水の補給水は給水管40
を通って上部のジスターン36よシ水が補給される。さ
て、このシステムの3 ・・−ン
凍結防止方法としては、集熱器31を出た集熱戻り管3
6の最上部にエア抜き弁41が設けられており、集熱ポ
ンプ32の運転停止時には集熱ポンプ32の吐出圧がか
からなくなるため、このエア抜き弁41から空気を吸い
込み、がっ集熱器31や集熱往き管34.集熱戻り管3
6内の水はジスターン36内の水位まで自然に落下する
設計となっている。しかし、この場合は、自然落水に頼
っているため、多少とも集熱器31や管内に水が残った
り、おるりはエア抜き弁41の通気孔が大気中に開口し
ているため、まずこの通気孔が凍結で塞がり落水が行な
えなくなり、集熱器31や管が破損する事故が続出して
いた。また配管施工上もトラップ部ができると落水時に
水が残るため、棟越し配管ができないとか、落水のため
に細い管であるとエアロツクや表面張力により水が抜け
ないので、管を太くする必要がある等、不都合が多かっ
た。そしてまた、との落水方式以外にも、凍結のおそれ
のある時は、集熱ポンプを運転し蓄熱槽の温水を循環さ
せる循環方式もあるが、この場合は、集熱ポンプの動力
が必要であったり、せっかく集熱した温水を凍結防止の
ため、使ってしまったりするという欠点があり、省エネ
ルギーに反していた。以上のように従来の方式は、水抜
きが完全に行なえず、凍結事故を起こしたシ、省エネル
ギーに反するものであった。Hot water from the heat storage tank 33 is supplied to the hot water tap 38 by a hot water pump 39 . Also, the hot water that was used is the water supply pipe 40.
Water is replenished from the upper part of the cylinder 36 through the pipe. Now, as a method for preventing freezing of this system, the heat collection return pipe 3 that exits the heat collector 31
An air bleed valve 41 is provided at the top of the heat collecting pump 6, and when the heat collecting pump 32 stops operating, the discharge pressure of the heat collecting pump 32 is no longer applied. vessel 31 and heat collection pipe 34. Heat collection return pipe 3
The water in the tank 6 is designed to fall naturally to the water level in the tank 36. However, in this case, since it relies on natural water falling, some water may remain in the heat collector 31 or inside the pipes, and since the vent of the air vent valve 41 is open to the atmosphere, this may occur first. Accidents were occurring one after another in which the ventilation holes were blocked by freezing, making it impossible for water to drain, resulting in damage to the heat collector 31 and pipes. In addition, in piping construction, if a trap is created, water will remain when water falls, making it impossible to run piping over the ridge, or if the pipe is thin due to water falling, water cannot escape due to aerodynamics and surface tension, so the pipe must be thicker. There were many inconveniences. In addition to the falling water method, there is also a circulation method that operates a heat collection pump to circulate hot water in the heat storage tank when there is a risk of freezing, but in this case, the power of the heat collection pump is required. However, the drawback was that the hot water that had been collected was used to prevent freezing, which was contrary to energy conservation. As described above, the conventional method was not able to drain water completely, causing freezing accidents, and was contrary to energy conservation.
本発明は、集熱ポンプとは別個に集熱ポンプと逆方向に
送水を行なって集熱器および配管内の水を強制排出させ
る水回収ポンプを設けることにより、上記従来の欠点を
解消したものである。The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional drawbacks by providing a water recovery pump that is separate from the heat collection pump and forcibly discharges water in the heat collector and piping by sending water in the opposite direction to the heat collection pump. It is.
以下、本発明をその実施例を示す図面とともに説明する
。Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained with reference to drawings showing embodiments thereof.
第1図は本発明における水回収ポンプを配管に集熱ポン
プと直列関係に設けた一実施例を示したもので、1は太
陽熱を集熱する集熱器で、この集熱器1へは集熱ポンプ
2によシ蓄熱槽a内の水が集熱配管の集熱往き管4を通
って供給され、かつ集熱器1で昇温された温水は集熱配
管の集熱戻り管6を通って再び蓄熱槽3に戻るもので、
これらにより集熱回路を構成している。また前記集熱ポ
する集熱往き管4に設けられている。そしてまた蓄熱槽
3の上部には空気層部6が設けられておシ、集熱器1の
出口と蓄熱槽3との間を配管する集熱戻り管6の端部間
ロアは、この空気層部6に臨まプ8は集熱ポンプ2と送
水方向が逆になるように、集熱配管である集熱往き管4
に集熱ポンプ2と直列関係に取り付けられている。なお
、ポンプの圧力損失は以外に低く、太陽熱集熱において
は直列に接続されていてもあまり問題とならない。また
蓄熱槽3から給湯栓9へは、給湯ポンプ10により加圧
給湯される。そしてこの給湯栓9へは蓄熱槽3の温度が
高い時には直接お湯が供給され、また蓄熱槽3の温度が
低い時には補助ボイラー11を経てお湯が供給されるが
、この選択は給湯経路切換弁12にて行なわれる。Fig. 1 shows an embodiment in which a water recovery pump according to the present invention is installed in a pipe in series with a heat collection pump. 1 is a heat collector that collects solar heat; The water in the heat storage tank a is supplied by the heat collection pump 2 through the heat collection outgoing pipe 4 of the heat collection pipe, and the hot water heated in the heat collector 1 is supplied to the heat collection return pipe 6 of the heat collection pipe. and returns to the heat storage tank 3 again.
These constitute a heat collection circuit. Moreover, it is provided in the heat collection outgoing pipe 4 that collects the heat. Furthermore, an air layer 6 is provided in the upper part of the heat storage tank 3, and the lower end of the heat collection return pipe 6 that connects the outlet of the heat collector 1 and the heat storage tank 3 is filled with air. A pipe 8 facing the layer 6 has a heat collecting pipe 4 which is a heat collecting pipe so that the water supply direction is opposite to that of the heat collecting pump 2.
is installed in series with the heat collecting pump 2. In addition, the pressure loss of the pump is extremely low, so it does not pose much of a problem even if the pumps are connected in series for solar heat collection. Further, hot water is supplied under pressure from the heat storage tank 3 to the hot water tap 9 by a hot water pump 10 . When the temperature of the heat storage tank 3 is high, hot water is directly supplied to the hot water tap 9, and when the temperature of the heat storage tank 3 is low, hot water is supplied through the auxiliary boiler 11. It will be held at
また給湯栓9を開くことにより消費される水は、水道管
よυポールタップ13を介して蓄熱槽3に供給される。Further, water consumed by opening the hot water tap 9 is supplied to the heat storage tank 3 via a water pipe and a υ pole tap 13.
そし工水が直接蓄熱槽3の上部に供給されると、上部に
溜まった温度の高い温水が低温になってしまうため、連
通管14を用いて水を蓄熱槽3の下部に導いている。ま
たこのシステムの制御は、制御装置16.集熱器1に取
り付けられ、かつ凍結防止のための温度センサーを兼ね
た高温側センサー16.蓄熱槽3の下部に取シ付けられ
た低温側センサー17などによって行なわれる。If the industrial water is directly supplied to the upper part of the heat storage tank 3, the high temperature hot water accumulated in the upper part becomes low temperature, so the water is guided to the lower part of the heat storage tank 3 using the communication pipe 14. The system is also controlled by the control device 16. A high temperature side sensor 16 attached to the heat collector 1 and also serving as a temperature sensor for freezing prevention. This is performed using a low temperature side sensor 17 attached to the lower part of the heat storage tank 3.
上記構成において、このシステムの動作を説明する。太
陽の日射により、集熱器1の温度が上昇し蓄熱槽3との
温度差が設定値以上になると、高温側センサー16と低
温側センサー17及び制御装置16の働きで集熱ポンプ
2が起動する。この集熱ポンプ2の起動によシ、蓄熱槽
3の水は水回収ポンプ8.集熱往き管4を通って集熱器
1に送られ、かつこの集熱器1で昇温された温水は集熱
戻り管6を通って再び蓄熱槽3に戻る。また日射がなく
なり、集熱器1と蓄熱槽3の温度差が少なくなると、集
熱ポンプ2は運転を停止する。給湯7 パ 。The operation of this system in the above configuration will be explained. When the temperature of the heat collector 1 rises due to sunlight and the temperature difference with the heat storage tank 3 exceeds a set value, the heat collection pump 2 is activated by the action of the high temperature side sensor 16, low temperature side sensor 17, and control device 16. do. By starting this heat collection pump 2, the water in the heat storage tank 3 is removed by the water recovery pump 8. The hot water sent to the heat collector 1 through the heat collection outgoing pipe 4 and heated in the heat collector 1 returns to the heat storage tank 3 again through the heat collection return pipe 6. Furthermore, when there is no sunlight and the temperature difference between the heat collector 1 and the heat storage tank 3 decreases, the heat collection pump 2 stops operating. Hot water supply 7 pa.
栓9が開かれると給湯ポンプ1oが起動し、蓄熱槽3内
の温水を供給する。次に、このシステムの凍結防止方法
について述べる。集熱器1の温度が下がると高温側セン
サー16がこれを検出し、あらかじめ定めた設定値以下
になると制御装置16を介して、水回収ポンプ8が動作
する。この場合、集熱ポンプ2はもちろん停止した状態
にある。そしてこの水回収ポンプ8は集熱ポンプ2とは
逆方向に送水を行なうように取シ付けられているため、
集熱戻り管6の開ロアよシ空気を吸い込み、集熱戻り管
6.集熱器1.集熱往き管4の順番で順次水を強制排出
して行く。またこの水回収ポンプ8は所定時間回転する
と制御装置15内に設けたタイマーの働きで自動的に運
転が停止する。このため、外気温が下がり凍結点以下に
なっても、特に外気にさらされ凍結を起こしやすい集熱
器やこの周辺の集熱配管は凍結を起こすことはない。When the tap 9 is opened, the hot water pump 1o is activated and supplies hot water from the heat storage tank 3. Next, a method for preventing freezing of this system will be described. When the temperature of the heat collector 1 falls, the high temperature side sensor 16 detects this, and when the temperature falls below a predetermined set value, the water recovery pump 8 is operated via the control device 16. In this case, the heat collection pump 2 is of course in a stopped state. Since the water recovery pump 8 is installed to send water in the opposite direction to the heat collection pump 2,
Air is sucked through the open lower part of the heat collection return pipe 6, and the heat collection return pipe 6. Heat collector 1. Water is forcibly discharged one by one in the order of the heat collection and outflow pipes 4. Further, after the water recovery pump 8 has been rotated for a predetermined period of time, the operation is automatically stopped by the action of a timer provided in the control device 15. Therefore, even if the outside temperature drops below the freezing point, the heat collector and the surrounding heat collection pipes, which are exposed to the outside air and are susceptible to freezing, will not freeze.
次に本発明における水回収ポンプを、集熱配管から分岐
したバイパス経路に設けた実施例について、第2図をも
とに説明する。Next, an embodiment in which the water recovery pump of the present invention is provided in a bypass path branching from a heat collection pipe will be described with reference to FIG. 2.
この第2図においては、集熱ポンプ2の吐出側の集熱器
き管4から分岐し、かつ集熱ポンプ2の吸込側に戻るバ
イパス経路18が設けられている。In FIG. 2, a bypass path 18 is provided that branches from the heat collector pipe 4 on the discharge side of the heat collector pump 2 and returns to the suction side of the heat collector pump 2.
そしてこのバイパス経路18の分岐点には、集熱往き管
4側の経路とバイパス経路18側の経路とを選択する経
路切換手段としての電動三方弁19が設けられている。An electric three-way valve 19 is provided at a branch point of the bypass path 18 as a path switching means for selecting the path on the heat collecting/outgoing pipe 4 side and the path on the bypass path 18 side.
そして水回収ポンプ8はバイパス経路18に設けられ、
かつ集熱ポンプ2とは逆方向に送水を行なう方向で並列
関係に設けられている。なお、他の部分の構成について
は第1図と同様である。And the water recovery pump 8 is provided in the bypass path 18,
In addition, it is provided in a parallel relationship with the heat collection pump 2 in a direction in which water is fed in the opposite direction. Note that the configuration of other parts is the same as that in FIG. 1.
上記第2図の構成において、動作を説明すると、通常の
集熱運転時には電動三方弁19は集熱往き管4側に切り
かわっており、その結果、集熱ポンプ2は蓄熱槽3の水
を集熱器1に送っている。夜間になって集熱器1の温度
が下がると、高温側センサー16がこれを検出し、制御
装置16を介して電動三方弁19を動作させ、バイパス
経路18側を選択するように経路切換えを行なう。To explain the operation of the configuration shown in FIG. 2 above, during normal heat collection operation, the electric three-way valve 19 is switched to the heat collection outgoing pipe 4 side, and as a result, the heat collection pump 2 pumps water from the heat storage tank 3. It is sent to heat collector 1. When the temperature of the heat collector 1 falls at night, the high temperature side sensor 16 detects this and operates the electric three-way valve 19 via the control device 16 to switch the path to select the bypass path 18 side. Let's do it.
それとともに、水回収ポンプ8が起動して、集9 い
熱戻り管6.集熱器1.集熱往き管4内の水を強制排出
する。そして水の強制排出が終ると、水回収ポンプ8が
運転を停止し、かつ電動三方弁19も元の集熱往き管4
側に戻る。なお、バイパス経路18の戻し方は、この実
施例以外にも直接蓄熱槽3に戻すとか、外部に臨ませる
など、要望に応じて任意に選べる。At the same time, the water recovery pump 8 is started and the heat return pipe 6. Heat collector 1. The water in the heat collection/outflow pipe 4 is forcibly discharged. When the forced discharge of water is finished, the water recovery pump 8 stops operating, and the electric three-way valve 19 returns to the original heat collection and outflow pipe 4.
Return to the side. Note that the method of returning the bypass path 18 can be arbitrarily selected in accordance with the request, such as returning directly to the heat storage tank 3 or facing the outside, in addition to this embodiment.
また、前記バイパス経路18は、上記第2図の実施例で
は、集熱ポンプ2の吐出側の集熱往き管4から分岐して
集熱ポンプ2の吸込側に戻る構成を採用したが、集熱ポ
ンプ2の吐出側の集熱往き管4から分岐するとともに、
集熱ポンプ2の吐出側に戻す方法もある。但しこの場合
、水の強制排出運転時において水回収ポンプ8により強
制排出される水は、集熱ポンプ2内を通るととKなるた
め、水回収ポンプ8の揚程はやや太き目のものを選定す
る必要がある。Further, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the bypass path 18 is configured to branch from the heat collection outgoing pipe 4 on the discharge side of the heat collection pump 2 and return to the suction side of the heat collection pump 2. It branches off from the heat collecting pipe 4 on the discharge side of the heat pump 2, and
There is also a method of returning the heat to the discharge side of the heat collecting pump 2. However, in this case, the water that is forcibly discharged by the water recovery pump 8 during the forced water discharge operation becomes K when it passes through the heat collection pump 2, so the pump head of the water recovery pump 8 should be slightly thicker. It is necessary to select.
従って、上記第2図の実施例の効果としては、集熱ポン
プ2が動いている集熱運転時、および水回収ポンプ8が
動く凍結防止運転時とも、相手方10 。Therefore, as for the effect of the embodiment shown in FIG.
のポンプの中を水が通り抜けないので、ポンプの揚程は
太き目のものにする必要がない点である。Since water does not pass through the pump, there is no need for the pump to have a large lift.
以上のように本発明によれば、集熱ポンプとは別個に、
集熱ポンプと逆方向に送水を行なって集熱、器および配
管内の水を強制排出させる水回収ポンプを設けているた
め、例えば集熱器と蓄熱槽を接続する配管がトラップ状
になっていたり、あるいは棟越し配管がなされている場
合でも、水を強制排出させることができ、工事上の制約
がなくなる。また従来の落水方式のように配管を太くす
る必要がなく、細い配管でよいため、配管が安価にでき
るとともに、集熱運転時の放熱ロスもなくなる。そして
ま1.た前記水回収ポンプは凍結防止のために短時間運
転するだけでよいため、従来の循環方式に比べ、大巾な
省エネルギーがはかれるものである。As described above, according to the present invention, separately from the heat collection pump,
A water recovery pump is installed that sends water in the opposite direction of the heat collection pump to collect heat and forcibly discharge the water in the vessel and piping, so for example, the piping connecting the heat collector and the heat storage tank becomes a trap. Water can be forcibly discharged even in cases where there is over-building piping or over-building piping, eliminating construction constraints. In addition, there is no need to make the piping thicker as in the conventional falling water system, and only thin piping is required, so the piping can be made at low cost and there is no heat radiation loss during heat collection operation. And 1. Since the water recovery pump only needs to be operated for a short period of time to prevent freezing, a large amount of energy can be saved compared to conventional circulation systems.
第1図は本発明の一実施例を示す太陽熱集熱装置のシス
テム構成図、第2図は本発明の他の実施例を示す太陽熱
集熱装置のシステム構成図、第311 。
図は従来の太陽熱集熱装置のシステム構成図である。
1・・・・・集熱器、2・・・・・・集熱ポンプ、3・
・・・・蓄熱槽、4・・・・・・集熱往き管(配管)、
6・・・・・・集熱戻り管(配管)、8・・・・・・水
回収ポンプ、18・・・・・バイパス経路、19・・・
・・・電動三方弁(経路切換手段)。
代理人の氏名 弁理士 中 尾 敏 男 ほか1名第1
図
22
83 図FIG. 1 is a system configuration diagram of a solar heat collection device showing one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a system configuration diagram of a solar heat collection device showing another embodiment of the present invention. The figure is a system configuration diagram of a conventional solar heat collector. 1... Heat collector, 2... Heat collection pump, 3...
... Heat storage tank, 4 ... Heat collection pipe (piping),
6...Heat collection return pipe (piping), 8...Water recovery pump, 18...Bypass route, 19...
...Electric three-way valve (route switching means). Name of agent: Patent attorney Toshio Nakao and 1 other person No. 1
Figure 22 83 Figure
Claims (3)
環させる集熱ポンプを介して配管接続され、かつ集熱器
で昇温された温水を蓄える蓄熱槽とを備え、前記集熱ポ
ンプとは別個に、集熱ポンプと逆方向に送水を行なって
集熱器および配管内の水を強制排出させる水回収ポンプ
を設けてなる太陽熱集熱装置。(1) Equipped with a heat collector that collects solar heat, and a heat storage tank that is connected to the heat collector via piping via a heat collection pump that circulates water to the heat collector, and that stores hot water heated by the heat collector, A solar heat collection device that is provided with a water recovery pump that is separate from the heat collection pump and that sends water in the opposite direction to the heat collection pump to forcibly discharge water in the heat collector and piping.
直列関係に設けた特許請求の範囲第1項記載の太陽熱集
熱装置。(2) The solar heat collection device according to claim 1, wherein the water recovery pump is provided in the piping in series with the heat collection pump.
つこの分岐点に経路切換手段を有するノ(イノくス経路
に、集熱ポンプと並列関係に設けた特許請求の範囲第1
項記載の太陽熱集熱装置。(3) The water recovery pump is provided in a parallel relationship with the heat collection pump in a path branched from the piping and having path switching means at this branch point.
The solar heat collector described in Section 1.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP56131133A JPS5833058A (en) | 1981-08-20 | 1981-08-20 | Solar heat collecting apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP56131133A JPS5833058A (en) | 1981-08-20 | 1981-08-20 | Solar heat collecting apparatus |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS5833058A true JPS5833058A (en) | 1983-02-26 |
Family
ID=15050752
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP56131133A Pending JPS5833058A (en) | 1981-08-20 | 1981-08-20 | Solar heat collecting apparatus |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS5833058A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102589165A (en) * | 2012-03-08 | 2012-07-18 | 徐何燎 | Series-type displacing constant-temperature anti-freezing solar water heater system |
-
1981
- 1981-08-20 JP JP56131133A patent/JPS5833058A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102589165A (en) * | 2012-03-08 | 2012-07-18 | 徐何燎 | Series-type displacing constant-temperature anti-freezing solar water heater system |
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