JPS5830314A - Gravity filtration method - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To perform filtration of extremely high accuracy at a high rate of filtration in spite of low filtration pressure by using fiber lumps entangled with short fibers having 5-50mm. fiber length as filter media. CONSTITUTION:The fiber lumps formed by dispersing short fiber groups having 5-50mm. length and 10-100mu size selected suitably among natural, org. inorg. and metallic fibers in accordance with need in water, blowing a gas therein in a dispersed state, or agitating the fibers mechanically thereby agitating the fibers with water flow under oscillation and entangling the fibers into lumps are used as filter media for a gravity filtration method. Since the fibrous lumps are extremely small in grain sizes as compared to conventional sand, and since the voids of filter layers are >=90% and are considerably larger as compared to sand, the accuracy of filtration is high. Since the resistance of filtration is low, the difference in water levels is small and the rate of filtration per unit is increased largely.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は水中ンこ懸濁する＠ａ′Ｉ粒子（１ゾ下濁質と
いう。）を除去するために用いる清１ｕ７１！Ｉ過方法
に関するものである。さらＥこ詳しくは一１〕端が開放
された省過槽ｔこ濾材として繊維塊を充填し、水位差す
なわち原水の重力により濾過を行なり方法に関するもの
である。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a method for removing @a'I particles suspended in water (referred to as suspended solids). This relates to an I-transfer method. In detail, 11) A filtration tank with an open end is filled with fiber mass as a filter material, and filtration is performed by the water level difference, that is, the gravity of the raw water.

一般に清澄」過方式としては、（爪７にの重力を６１用
して濾過を行なう開放型の重力濾過方式と、濾過速度を
早めるために原水を加圧する密閉型の圧力濾過方式とシ
こ大別される。In general, there are two types of clarification filtration methods: an open gravity filtration method that uses the gravity of the claw 7 to perform filtration, a closed pressure filtration method that pressurizes the raw water to speed up the filtration speed, and Separated.

　１− このうち＊　ｒＴｉＴ者の重力濾過方式は原水の重力を
利用した濾過であるた２ｈ、　王力泄過方式に比較して
装置ｉ２の構造や操作も簡単であり、原水１の変動に対
しても特別の対応手段を講じる・ら要がなく。1- Of these,* rTiT's gravity filtration method uses the gravity of raw water, and compared to the gravity filtration method, the structure and operation of device i2 are simpler, and it is more resistant to fluctuations in raw water1. There is no need to take any special measures.

比較的γ４ｉ質儂度が低い冬量の原水のｉｌｌ！過に適
した方式として、特に上水道の濾過池として古くから使
われている。しかしながら、従来の重力濾Ｊθでは、濾
材としてもっばら砂が用いられており、そのために次の
ような間四点が指摘されている。Ill of winter raw water with relatively low γ4i quality! It has been used for a long time as a method suitable for filtering water, especially as a filtration pond for waterworks. However, in the conventional gravity filter Jθ, sand is mainly used as the filter medium, and therefore, the following points have been pointed out.

■原水のべ質にもよるが、４過積度を高めるために砂の
粒径を小さくする必要があり、そのため通水抵抗が増大
して水位差が大きくなり、また閉塞も生じやすい。した
がって、一定の処ａｈ−ｗを確保するためｎ、■過装置
の高さ、床面積を大きくする必要がある。■Although it depends on the quality of the raw water, it is necessary to reduce the grain size of the sand in order to increase the degree of overloading, which increases water flow resistance, increases the water level difference, and easily causes blockages. Therefore, in order to ensure a constant treatment ah-w, it is necessary to increase the height and floor area of the filtration device.

（０上記１１）の通水抵抗が大きいことンこ関連して、
濾過速度が小さい。In connection with (0 above 11) where the water flow resistance is large,
Filtration speed is low.

■砂は比重が大きいため、単なる空気吹込による逆洗が
困嬉であり９強力な水流を必要とする。■Due to the high specific gravity of sand, backwashing by simply blowing air is difficult and requires a powerful stream of water.

本発明者は、従来の重力濾過方式Ｐこおける上記のごと
き間鴨点１こついて９種々検討を重ねた結果（用材とし
て砂ｔこかえて短繊維をからみ合わ忙た繊維塊を用いる
ことｔこより、μ車上記問題点を解決しうろことを見出
し１本発明を完成するに至った。As a result of repeated studies on the above-mentioned problems with the conventional gravity filtration method (P), the inventor of the present invention discovered that the method was to use a fiber mass made by intertwining short fibers instead of sand as the material. From this, we discovered that the above-mentioned problems of μ-cars could be solved and completed the present invention.

すなわち９本発明は開放）（９藺渦槽内に戸λ材をＪ（
１−積し、水位差１こより、・虞過を行なう方法１こお
いて。In other words, the present invention is open) (9) The door λ material is placed inside the vortex tank.
1 - A method of stacking, water level difference 1, and passing 1.

濾材として繊維長５〜５０酊の熔繊維をからみ合わせた
繊維塊を用いることを特徴とする重力ｄ　１ｆｉＴｈ方
法である。This is a gravity d 1fiTh method characterized by using a fiber mass in which molten fibers with a fiber length of 5 to 50 mm are intertwined as a filter medium.

本発明の重力濾過方法は、下向流）１４シ式ノンび−１
−向流型式のいずれにも適用することができる。The gravity filtration method of the present invention includes downward flow)
- Can be applied to both countercurrent types.

濾材として用いる繊維塊は、特願昭５５−１１１　／１
２９７号及び特願昭５６−４３３３２　　ｆｉＩ１１細
書に記載された方法１こより塑造することができろ。す
なわち、′に、然繊維、再生俄維５合成繊維等の有機繊
維々びガフス繊維、金属繊維、鉱物繊維等の無機繊維か
ら必要に応じて適宜選択した繊維長５〜５０顛、太さ１
０〜１００ミクロンの短繊維群を水中に分散さ片た状態
で、気体吹込み、あるいは機械的攪拌なイブい。The fiber mass used as a filter medium is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 111/1986.
It can be molded by the method 1 described in No. 297 and Japanese Patent Application No. 56-43332 fiI11. That is, '' is a fiber length of 5 to 50 mm and a thickness of 1, which is appropriately selected from organic fibers such as natural fibers, recycled synthetic fibers, guff fibers, inorganic fibers such as metal fibers and mineral fibers.
A group of short fibers of 0 to 100 microns is dispersed in water without blowing gas or mechanical stirring.

水流と振動により攪拌することにより塊状にからみ合わ
せて形成することができる。ここで繊維長が５ｕ未購の
ものを使用すれば所望の大ぎさの繊維塊が発生しに＜＜
、また５００を猷えるものを使用すると繊維が分肖忙で
きない程度にしつかりからみ合った結び目状の形状とな
り、鎖のようｔこ連結してかなり長い２０削以上のｊＤ
　ｌｌｔｌ塊を形成し。By stirring with water flow and vibration, it can be entangled and formed into a lump. If you use unpurchased fibers with a fiber length of 5u, a fiber mass of the desired size will be generated.
Also, if you use a material that can hold 500, the fibers will form a knot-like shape in which they are tightly intertwined to the extent that they cannot be separated, and the fibers will be connected like a chain to create a fairly long jD of 20 or more cuts.
Form a lltl mass.

濾材として使用困難である。ｗ＆、雄株の形状は球状あ
るいは欄内球状で、最大１育径部分が５〜１００鮪のも
のが好ましい。It is difficult to use as a filter medium. W&, the shape of the male plant is spherical or spherical in the column, and it is preferable that the maximum size of one growing portion is 5 to 100 tuna.

縞付堆積層の厚さは必要１こ応じて任意に設定すること
ができるが、濾過の精度、洗浄後の繊維塊の再堆積の状
態等の点から３０１以上が好ましい。The thickness of the striped deposited layer can be arbitrarily set according to necessity, but it is preferably 301 mm or more from the viewpoint of filtration accuracy, redeposition state of the fiber mass after washing, etc.

また、繊綾塊の堆積に際しては強制的な圧縮は避けるこ
とが望ましい。In addition, it is desirable to avoid forced compression when depositing the fibrous mass.

本発明の重力濾過方法は、上記のごとく短繊維をからみ
合わせた繊維塊を濾材として用いるため次のような格別
の作用効果が得られる。Since the gravity filtration method of the present invention uses a fiber mass in which short fibers are entangled as described above as a filter medium, the following special effects can be obtained.

■繊維塊を構成する短繊維の直径が１０〜１００ミクロ
ンであり、従来の濾材である砂の粒径と比べて非常ｔこ
小さく、そのため濾過精度が高い。(2) The short fibers constituting the fiber mass have a diameter of 10 to 100 microns, which is much smaller than the grain size of sand, which is a conventional filter medium, and therefore provides high filtration accuracy.

■撤Ｍ塊を１ｌ（４積した４■過層の空隙率力；９０％
以上であり、砂に比べて著しく太きく　＋　匂ｙｅｓ抵
抗が低い。したがって、間過をブイ（めろ水位差（ｎ、
＋ｌＴ　ｉｔｓ水頭）が小さい。例えば通常の瀘過速１
１Ｊ：　１２ｎ　ｍ１口＋ｓＩＩ＋’で濾過開始時の水
１々停がわずか２ｎｚ稈１１゛ｒである。そのため単位
幅１１．）１当りの濾過槽容積を小さくすることができ
、また既存の・へ！Ｊ・”・１怖置ｅこ１１穫用する場
合処理能力を大幅ｔこ増大させることかできる。■ 1 liter of removed M blocks (4 stacked 4■ superlayer porosity power; 90%
This means that it is significantly thicker and has lower odor resistance than sand. Therefore, the difference in water level (n,
+lT its water head) is small. For example, normal filter speed 1
1J: 12nm 1 mouth + sII+', each stop of water at the start of filtration is only 2nz culm 11゛r. Therefore, the unit width is 11. ) It is possible to reduce the volume of the filtration tank per unit, and it is also possible to reduce the volume of the filtration tank per unit. When using J.1.1, the processing capacity can be greatly increased.

○洗浄が従来の１沙の場合をこ比べてぎわめて容易であ
る。砂の１に粧がＩｆ？Ｊ２．５であるのに対して、（
訣＃Ｌ塊は比重１．５１１下であり、＋４ｔｔこ濾材１
１ｆ＋下部からの空気吹込みのみで十分流動化さ−ｌト
ることが可能で。○Cleaning is extremely easy compared to the conventional 1-sha. If there is makeup on sand 1? J2.5, whereas (
Tip #L lump has a specific gravity of 1.511 or less, +4tt filter medium 1
It is possible to sufficiently fluidize it by only blowing air from the bottom.

砂の場合のような強力な水流の併用が不・１４９ンであ
り、洗浄水が不要か、または（枳く少１）１でＪ：い。It is not possible to use a strong water current as in the case of sand, and there is no need for washing water, or (1) 1 is necessary.

Ｏ廃棄処分がきわめて容易である。ｌ・を時間使用した
濾材はマッドボール化するため廃棄処分しなければなら
ない。妙の場合は埋立て処分のほかはないが、繊維塊は
焼却処分が可能である。ODisposal is extremely easy. Filter media that has been used for a period of time becomes mud balls and must be disposed of. In Tae's case, the only option is to dispose of it in a landfill, but the fiber mass can be incinerated.

本発明の重力濾過方法は上水の（慮渦ｔこ適用しうると
ともｔこ、一般の廃水の３次処理としても有１１１で、
その処理水はｌコ水として利用できる。具体的には活性
汚泥処理９回転円板処理あるいは接触酸化処理の各処理
水の濾過に好適である。特に濾過の原水としてのｌｌｔ
ｌ段処理水のけが９時間的ｔこ増減する生活系廃水の処
理１例えば一般家庭、ホテル。The gravity filtration method of the present invention can be applied to clean water (as well as tertiary treatment of general wastewater).
The treated water can be used as water. Specifically, it is suitable for filtering treated water of activated sludge treatment, 9-rotation disk treatment, or catalytic oxidation treatment. Especially as raw water for filtration.
Treatment of domestic wastewater in which the injury of stage 1 treated water increases and decreases over 9 hours 1 For example, in general households and hotels.

学校あるいは給食センター等の廃水処理、下水処理又は
し尿＋、！１４埋等の各処理からの処理水についてなん
らリザーブタンク等を経由することなく直ちに濾過処理
しうる利点がある。Wastewater treatment, sewage treatment or human waste from schools or school lunch centers, etc. +,! There is an advantage that the treated water from each treatment, such as 14-day treatment, can be immediately filtered without passing through any reserve tank or the like.

Ｌメ上のごとく本発明の重カベｉ？過方法は濾材として
繊維長５〜５００の短繊維をからみ合わせた繊維塊を用
いることを特徴とするもので、低い濾過圧Ｐこもかかわ
らず高濾過速度で、きわめて精度の高い濾過を行ｌｈう
ことかできるというすぐれた効果を列するものである。Is the heavy wall of the present invention as shown above? The filtration method is characterized by using a fiber mass made of intertwined short fibers with a fiber length of 5 to 500 as the filter medium, and it performs extremely accurate filtration at a high filtration rate despite the low filtration pressure. It lists the excellent effects of being able to do things.

特許出願人　　ユニチカ株式会社Patent applicant: Unitika Co., Ltd.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] （１）開放型濾過４′ｕ内ｅこ濾材を堆積し、水位差？
こより濾過を行なう方法において、濾材として繊に＋ｅ
　ＩＴ　５〜５０ｕの短（ａ維をからみ今わせだ繊維塊
を用いることを特徴とする重力ａ！過方法。(1) Is there a difference in water level by depositing filter media inside the open filter 4'u?
In the method of filtration using fibers, +e is added to the fibers as a filter medium.
A gravity a! method characterized by using a 5 to 50 u short (a fiber) entangled fiber mass.