JPS58223697A - Production of collective fiber of silicon nitride whisker - Google Patents

Production of collective fiber of silicon nitride whisker

Info

Publication number
JPS58223697A
JPS58223697A JP57100740A JP10074082A JPS58223697A JP S58223697 A JPS58223697 A JP S58223697A JP 57100740 A JP57100740 A JP 57100740A JP 10074082 A JP10074082 A JP 10074082A JP S58223697 A JPS58223697 A JP S58223697A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
fibers
fiber
compound
silicon nitride
whiskers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP57100740A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Masami Yamaguchi
山口 昌美
Ryoji Kitahama
北浜 良治
Isamu Iwami
岩見 勇
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Asahi Kasei Corp
Asahi Chemical Industry Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Asahi Chemical Industry Co Ltd
Asahi Kasei Kogyo KK
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Asahi Chemical Industry Co Ltd, Asahi Kasei Kogyo KK filed Critical Asahi Chemical Industry Co Ltd
Priority to JP57100740A priority Critical patent/JPS58223697A/en
Publication of JPS58223697A publication Critical patent/JPS58223697A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30BSINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B25/00Single-crystal growth by chemical reaction of reactive gases, e.g. chemical vapour-deposition growth
    • C30B25/005Growth of whiskers or needles
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30BSINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B29/00Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
    • C30B29/10Inorganic compounds or compositions
    • C30B29/38Nitrides

Abstract

PURPOSE:A mixture of SiO2 and C or the like is heated in the presence of a Y compound and the gas formed thereby is brought into contact with fibers containing Si under specific conditions to produce collective fibers suitable for use in reinforcement, because of its being easy to handle in the form of collective whiskers. CONSTITUTION:A mixture of SiO2 or its precursor and C or its precursor is heated in the presence of a Y compound in a nonoxidative atmosphere to form a gas. The resultant gas is brought into contact with organic or active carbon fibers containing Si components in a nonoxidative atmosphere containing nitrogen at 1,300-1,600 deg.C to give the objective easy-to-handle collective fibers which is used in combination of other substances as a reinforced composite.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は窒化ケイ素ウィスカーに関するものであり、特
に窒化ケイ素ウィスカーが果合してなる繊維とその製法
に関する。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to silicon nitride whiskers, and more particularly to a fiber formed by combining silicon nitride whiskers and a method for producing the same.

窒化ケイ素ウィスカーは耐高温性に優れ、比車が小さく
、強度1弾性率が大きい特性をイ]シ、繊維強化複合組
材、特に高温度で用いる金IB;、またはセラミック複
合材料用の素材として期待されているQ しかしながら、このような優れた特性を有するにもかか
イつらず窒化ケイ素フイスカーはまだ実用的に広く使わ
れるには至っていない。そのv11山の一つは、窒化ケ
イ累ウィスカーを]−業的に生rjDする技術が未熟で
大量生産されていないことがあり、もう一つの大きな理
由は窒化ケイ素ウィスカーの長さ/径の比は大きいが、
長さの絶体蛸が小さく、同しく繊S、11強化複合材料
用に用いられる炭素繊細、ガラス繊維などに比べ、非常
に収扱いにくいこ古があげられる。
Silicon nitride whiskers have excellent high-temperature resistance, small specific ratio, and high strength and high elastic modulus.They can be used as materials for fiber-reinforced composite materials, especially gold IB used at high temperatures, or ceramic composite materials. Expected Q However, despite having such excellent properties, silicon nitride fiskers have not yet come into widespread practical use. One of the reasons for this is that the technology for producing silicon nitride whiskers industrially is not mature and mass production is not possible, and another major reason is the length/diameter ratio of silicon nitride whiskers. is large, but
It is extremely small in length and is extremely difficult to handle compared to the delicate carbon fibers and glass fibers used for fiber S and 11 reinforced composite materials.

これらの点を改良すべく取扱いやすい長いウィスカーを
1業的に製造する方法を確立することが従来のl+ji
究の大きな流れてあり、いくつかの提案がなされてきた
。が、ウィスカーを長くするのは至141.のわざてあ
り炭素繊維のような連続長繊維に比し取扱いにくい難点
は克服されてない。
In order to improve these points, it is necessary to establish a method for manufacturing long whiskers that are easy to handle in an industrial manner.
There has been a major trend of research, and several proposals have been made. However, it takes about 141mm to make the whiskers longer. However, the disadvantage that it is difficult to handle compared to continuous filaments such as carbon fiber has not been overcome.

従来、提案された多くの窒化ケイ素ウィスカーの製法で
は生成するウィスカーは反応管内壁に刊着、析出し、こ
れを回収する(例えば特開昭56+ 00115)のが
常法であり、回収の際、反応管内から剥離させるので得
られたウィスカーの配列は全く不規則であった。
In many conventionally proposed methods for producing silicon nitride whiskers, the generated whiskers are deposited and precipitated on the inner wall of a reaction tube, and are recovered (for example, JP-A-56+00115). Since the whiskers were peeled from inside the reaction tube, the arrangement of the obtained whiskers was completely irregular.

本発明者らは、このような不規則、乱雑な配列のウィス
カー集合体ではなく、例えば短いワラが集合して長いナ
ヮが形成される場合のように、多数のウィスカーが集合
して長い繊維状物を形成するならば取扱い易さが向上す
ることに着目し、押々の実験を行った。
The present inventors discovered that rather than such irregular and disorderly arrangement of whisker aggregates, for example, when short straw aggregates to form a long nawa, a large number of whiskers aggregate to form long fibers. We focused on the fact that it would be easier to handle if it was formed into a shape, and conducted extensive experiments.

その結果、 (イI  Si成分を含有する有機繊維または活性炭繊
維と (ロー  SiO□または5i02前駆物質と炭素もし
くは炭素前駆物質との混合物をY化合物の存在下、非酸
化性雰囲気中で加熱して発生する気体 を、窒素を含む非酸化性雰囲気中、+ 300〜] 6
00 ’Cて接触させることにより、変性された該繊維
を中心に多数のウィスカーが集合した集合体、つまり拡
大観察するとウィスカー状物が多数集合しあたかも毛皮
のような外観を有するウィスカー集合体が生成するとい
う新事実を見出した。
As a result, (ii) a mixture of organic fibers or activated carbon fibers containing a Si component and (low) SiO□ or 5i02 precursor and carbon or carbon precursor is heated in a non-oxidizing atmosphere in the presence of a Y compound. The generated gas is heated to +300~ in a non-oxidizing atmosphere containing nitrogen.
By contacting the fibers at 00'C, an aggregate of a large number of whiskers is formed around the modified fibers, in other words, when observed under magnification, a large number of whisker-like objects are aggregated, creating a whisker aggregate that has a fur-like appearance. I discovered a new fact that

このような現象がおこる理由は不明であるが、Y化合物
の存在がウィスカー集合体の生成に子j利に作用し7て
いるのであろう。なおY化合物は特にt−f +成分に
含有されてなくてもウィスカー集合体は生成する。が(
イ)成分にも存在している力が、やや比;にウィスカー
が生成する傾向がある。
The reason why such a phenomenon occurs is unknown, but the presence of the Y compound may have an advantageous effect on the formation of whisker aggregates. Note that even if the Y compound is not particularly contained in the tf + component, whisker aggregates are generated. but(
b) The forces that also exist in the components tend to produce whiskers.

本発明の目的はウィスカーの優れた特性を伯し、−シか
も取扱いやすい形態のウィスカー集合体の製法を提供す
ることにある。
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a whisker aggregate that takes advantage of the excellent properties of whiskers and is easy to handle.

以下、本発明の方法を訂紬に説明する。Hereinafter, the method of the present invention will be explained in detail.

本発明の製法において、81成分とは金属5181水酸
化物、S1酸化物もしくは加水分解または熱分解により
これらを生成するs11分物を意味する。
In the production method of the present invention, component 81 means metal 5181 hydroxide, S1 oxide, or s11 component which produces these by hydrolysis or thermal decomposition.

本発明において有機繊維とは、200〜1500℃の温
度範囲のいずれかの温度に少くとも非酸化性雰囲気中で
加熱した場合に炭素質残留物となる41機物を主成分と
する繊維をいう。
In the present invention, the term "organic fiber" refers to a fiber whose main component is a carbonaceous substance that forms a carbonaceous residue when heated to any temperature in the temperature range of 200 to 1500°C in at least a non-oxidizing atmosphere. .

なお、加熱変成された有機繊維を使用できることは云−
うまでもない。
It should be noted that it is possible to use heat-modified organic fibers.
It's no good.

これら有機物の例をあげれば、セルロース、キチン、ア
ルギン酸澱粉などの多糖類あるいはその誘4 体、ポリ
ビニルアルコール、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリ塩化ビ
ニル、ポリ塩化ビニリデン。
Examples of these organic substances include polysaccharides such as cellulose, chitin, and starch alginate, or their derivatives, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl chloride, and polyvinylidene chloride.

ポリブタジェン、ポリ酢酸ビニルあるいはこれらを−F
成分とする共重合体などビニル重合体およびその誘導体
1石油ピッチ、フェノール樹脂など熱硬化樹脂1グルテ
ン、大豆蛋白などの蛋白質など数名くのものがある。
Polybutadiene, polyvinyl acetate or these -F
There are several copolymers that can be used as ingredients, including vinyl polymers and their derivatives, petroleum pitch, thermosetting resins such as phenolic resins, gluten, and proteins such as soybean protein.

また、本発明において活性炭繊維とは繊維状の活性炭で
あり、一般に知られている通り、微多孔を自する炭素質
繊維であり、多くの市販品が利用できる。
Furthermore, in the present invention, the activated carbon fiber is fibrous activated carbon, and as is generally known, it is a microporous carbon fiber, and many commercially available products are available.

また、上記有機繊維または活性炭繊翁白は織物状または
編物状でも用いることができる。
Further, the above organic fiber or activated carbon fiber can also be used in the form of a woven or knitted fabric.

81成□分を含有する有機繊維は種々の方法、例えば混
合紡糸、含浸法て作ることができる。具体例をあげれば
、ケイ酸水溶液とアルギン酸、ポリビニルアルコールな
ど水溶性ポリマーの混合水溶液から湿式紡糸することに
より作ることができるし、ケイ酸−ポリアクリロニトリ
ルのジメチルフォルムアミド溶液から作ることもてきる
。また自機繊4・U゛をケイ酸溶液またはエチルシリケ
ート溶zfkに混漬してS1分を含浸させてもよい。
Organic fibers containing 81 components can be made by various methods, such as mixed spinning and impregnation methods. For example, it can be made by wet spinning from a mixed aqueous solution of silicic acid and a water-soluble polymer such as alginic acid or polyvinyl alcohol, or it can be made from a dimethylformamide solution of silicic acid and polyacrylonitrile. Alternatively, the self-woven fiber 4.U' may be impregnated with S1 by immersing it in a silicic acid solution or an ethyl silicate solution ZFK.

有機繊維中のC吉S]成分中の81の割合は、モル比と
してC/Si が15〜45、特に18〜3が好ましい
、C/Siが小さいとj工具材の状態での強度が小さく
取扱いにくい。C/Siが大きい場合は収扱いやすいが
、反応後残存するCの除去が必要吉なる場合がある。
The ratio of 81 in the C/Si component in the organic fiber is preferably a molar ratio of C/Si of 15 to 45, particularly 18 to 3. If C/Si is small, the strength in the tool material state is low. Difficult to handle. When C/Si is large, it is easy to handle, but it may be necessary to remove C remaining after the reaction.

なお、Si分を含有する有機繊維にY化合物を存在させ
る場合は、Si 1モル当りO,O5モルジノ、下、特
に0.01モル以丁を含浸などの手法により存在させれ
はよい。Y化合物の存在が過大の場合ライスJy−が短
大になる傾向がある。
In addition, when the Y compound is to be present in the organic fiber containing Si, it may be present by a method such as impregnation in an amount of 0.05 mole or less, particularly 0.01 mole or less, per mole of Si. When the presence of Y compound is excessive, Rice Jy- tends to become short and large.

Sl(’)2または5102前駆物質と炭素もしくは炭
素前駆物質などの還元剤の混合物は、これらの物質を固
体または液体の状態で接触させて得られる。
Mixtures of Sl(')2 or 5102 precursors and reducing agents such as carbon or carbon precursors are obtained by contacting these substances in the solid or liquid state.

8102前駆物Viとは加熱または酸化により5j02
を生成する物Nてあり、炭素前駆物賀とは、200〜1
500 ’Cの温度範囲のいずれかの温度に少くとも非
酸化性雰囲気中で加熱した場合に炭素實残貿物となる4
1機物を意味する。この混合物でのCと!;1の比は、
モル比として1以上、特に1.5−8が!Irましい。
8102 precursor Vi is 5j02 by heating or oxidation.
There is a substance N that produces carbon, and the carbon precursor is 200-1
4. Becomes a carbon residue when heated in at least a non-oxidizing atmosphere to any temperature in the temperature range of 500'C.
It means one aircraft. C in this mixture! ;The ratio of 1 is
The molar ratio is 1 or more, especially 1.5-8! Irish.

Y化合物はYを含む化合物、たとえば硝酸塩、塩酸塩、
ギ酸塩、酢酸塩、酸化物などである。Y化合物の存在は
前記混合物中に混在しているのが好ましい。Y化合物の
量は、Y /L:Siのモル比として、005以下、好
ましくは0.01〜(1,00+がよい。Y化合物存在
T、前記混合物を非酸化性雰囲気中で加熱するが、加熱
温度は1 ] 0 (1’cla」二、好ましくは12
00〜1700℃、特に1300〜1600 ’Cがよ
い。この加熱により発生する気体と81成分を含イ1す
るT=i機繊翔もしくは活性炭繊維を窒素を含む非酸化
性雰囲気中、1300〜1600℃で接触させることに
より、変性された該繊維を中心に多数のウィスカーが放
射状に着生または配列している毛皮状の外観を呈するウ
ィスカー集合体が得られる。反1.己、の際線繊維々気
体発生源の混合物は同−反Lj、容器内にあってもよい
し、別々に存在し、発4トシた気体を該繊維存在箇所に
送りこんでもよい。
Y compounds include compounds containing Y, such as nitrates, hydrochlorides,
These include formates, acetates, and oxides. The presence of the Y compound is preferably mixed in the mixture. The amount of the Y compound is 0.05 or less, preferably 0.01 to (1,00+) as a molar ratio of Y/L:Si. The heating temperature is 1 ] 0 (1'cla'2), preferably 12
00-1700'C, especially 1300-1600'C. By contacting the gas generated by this heating with activated carbon fibers containing 81 components at 1300 to 1600°C in a non-oxidizing atmosphere containing nitrogen, the modified fibers are A whisker aggregate with a fur-like appearance in which a large number of whiskers are attached or arranged radially is obtained. Anti-1. The mixture of gas generation sources between the fibers and the fibers may be present in a container, or may be present separately, and the emitted gas may be sent to the location where the fibers are present.

本発明によれば、ウィスカーでありながら巨視的には長
い繊維状を呈するウィスカー集合体を収率よく得ること
ができる。そして、この集合体は巨視的には長い繊維状
であるので、強化相ネIとして他uh組合せて1史用す
る場合、取扱いが便利な利点がある。
According to the present invention, a whisker aggregate that is a whisker but macroscopically has a long fibrous shape can be obtained with a high yield. Since this aggregate is macroscopically long fibrous, it has the advantage of being convenient to handle when used in combination with other materials as a reinforcing phase I.

息子、実施例により具体的に説明する。なお、実施例に
おいて部はすべて重量部を示す。
This will be explained in more detail with examples. In addition, all parts in Examples indicate parts by weight.

実施例1 繊維として、アルギン酸rンモニクムおよびケイ酸の混
合水溶液から紡糸して得たアルギン酸/ケイ酸繊維(C
/SlO□=2.2./1(モル比)、径150μ)を
1部、気体供給源としてカーボンブラック/ケイ酸/硝
酸イツトリウム混合物(C/5i02/’Y=3.75
/110.0026 (モル比))35部を用いた。5
訴の距離において上部に繊維を、下部に気体供給源をお
き、窒素雰囲気中、1575℃、4時間加熱した。上部
から窒化ケイ素ウィスカーが集合し毛皮状の外観を呈す
る集合体繊維(ウイスノJ−径、約1〜2μ、ウィスカ
ー長、約’、+ 00 It、巣合体繊維径約I Mj
+L ) 0.3部を得た。
Example 1 As fibers, alginic acid/silicic acid fibers (C
/SlO□=2.2. /1 (molar ratio), diameter 150μ) and a carbon black/silicic acid/yttrium nitrate mixture (C/5i02/'Y=3.75) as a gas source.
/110.0026 (molar ratio)) was used. 5
The fibers were placed in the upper part and the gas supply source was placed in the lower part at the same distance, and the fibers were heated at 1575° C. for 4 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. Aggregated fibers with silicon nitride whiskers aggregating from the top and exhibiting a fur-like appearance (Wisno J-diameter, approximately 1 to 2μ, whisker length, approximately ', + 00 It, nest coalesced fiber diameter approximately I Mj
+L) 0.3 parts were obtained.

生成物の電子顕微鏡写真を第1図に示した。An electron micrograph of the product is shown in FIG.

比較例1 気体供給源として硝酸イツトリウムを含まない混合物(
C/′5102 = 3.75/ ] )を用いた他は
実施例1と同様に実験した。ウィスカー集合体は生成せ
ず灰色化した繊維とその破砕物を回収するにとどまった
Comparative Example 1 A mixture containing no yttrium nitrate as a gas source (
The experiment was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, except that C/'5102 = 3.75/]) was used. No whisker aggregates were formed, and only gray fibers and their crushed materials were collected.

実施例2 繊維としてレーヨン1部を6%ケイ酸水溶液に2時間浸
漬したものを用いた。気体供給源とじて澱粉/ケイ酸/
ギ酸イットリウムメ昆合物(e/5i027 Y = 
2.5 / I / 0. OO1(モル比))30部
を用いた。
Example 2 A fiber obtained by soaking 1 part of rayon in a 6% silicic acid aqueous solution for 2 hours was used. Starch/silicic acid/as gas source
Yttrium formate compound (e/5i027 Y =
2.5/I/0. 30 parts of OO1 (molar ratio) was used.

気体供給部を1550℃に保持し、発生する気体を窒素
気流下、1480℃に保持しである繊維部に供給した。
The gas supply portion was maintained at 1550° C., and the generated gas was maintained at 1480° C. and supplied to the fiber portion under a nitrogen stream.

ウィスカー集合体08部が得られた。08 parts of whisker aggregates were obtained.

実施例3 活性炭繊維1部を1%塩化イツトリウム/4%ケイ酸水
溶液100部に2時間浸漬した後、乾燥して繊維として
用いた。カーボンブラック/ケイ酸/硝酸イツトリウム
混合物(C/ S+、02 / Y =2.5/I10
.01(モル比))8部を気体供給Δに蓚として用いた
Example 3 One part of activated carbon fiber was immersed in 100 parts of a 1% yttrium chloride/4% silicic acid aqueous solution for 2 hours, then dried and used as a fiber. Carbon black/silicic acid/yttrium nitrate mixture (C/S+, 02/Y = 2.5/I10
.. 01 (molar ratio)) was used as a gas supply Δ.

両者を151O“C12時間、窒素雰囲気中で加熱して
、窒化ケイ素つィスカー集合体繊独13車量部が得らイ
tた。
Both were heated at 151O"C for 12 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain 13 parts of silicon nitride twine aggregate.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図は実施例て得られた窒化ケイ素ウィスカーが集合
し毛皮状の外観を呈する集合体繊維の電r−顕微鏡写真
である。 代  即  人   豊    ロ]    善   
紺500)L
FIG. 1 is an electron micrograph of an aggregate fiber obtained in an example in which silicon nitride whiskers are aggregated and exhibits a fur-like appearance. Sokuto Yutaka] Good
Navy 500)L

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 1)(イl  Si成分を含有する有機繊維または活性
炭繊組と (ロ)S102または5102 前駆物賞と炭素もしく
は炭素前駆物質との混合物をY化合物の在任l・、非酸
化性雰囲気中で加熱して発生する気体 を、窒素を含む非酸化性雰囲気中、1300〜1600
℃で接触させることを特徴とする留化ケイ素つイヌカー
集合体型繊維の製法。 2)S1成分を含有する有機繊維または活性炭繊維がY
化合物を含有していることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲
第1項記載の方法。
[Scope of Claims] 1) Organic fibers or activated carbon fibers containing Si components and (b) S102 or 5102 precursors and carbon or a mixture of carbon precursors are combined with a Y compound, non- Gas generated by heating in an oxidizing atmosphere is heated at 1300 to 1600 in a non-oxidizing atmosphere containing nitrogen.
A method for producing a silicon distillate-inuka aggregate type fiber characterized by contacting at ℃. 2) Organic fiber or activated carbon fiber containing S1 component is Y
The method according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a compound.
JP57100740A 1982-06-14 1982-06-14 Production of collective fiber of silicon nitride whisker Pending JPS58223697A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP57100740A JPS58223697A (en) 1982-06-14 1982-06-14 Production of collective fiber of silicon nitride whisker

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP57100740A JPS58223697A (en) 1982-06-14 1982-06-14 Production of collective fiber of silicon nitride whisker

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS58223697A true JPS58223697A (en) 1983-12-26

Family

ID=14281954

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP57100740A Pending JPS58223697A (en) 1982-06-14 1982-06-14 Production of collective fiber of silicon nitride whisker

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS58223697A (en)

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