JPH1160422A - Seeds coated with coating substance containing pyroligneous acid - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide coated seeds in which active ingredients are contained in the coating layer uniformly in appropriate proportions without danger in handling and environmental pollution. SOLUTION: Seeds 2 are coated with a biodegradable coating layer 3 comprising at least a coating layer-forming agent 3 and pyroligneous acid. In the case that the seeds 2 are weak to acid, a charcoal powder 6 is preferably added to the biodegradable coating layer 3. A plurality of effective components are evenly fed to the coated seeds and their germination and growth are promoted.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【０００１】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、農業、園芸、法面
緑化に利用可能な被覆種子に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a coated seed which can be used for agriculture, horticulture and slope revegetation.

【０００２】[0002]

【従来の技術】効率的な播種・植物繁茂を達成するため
に、発芽・生育に有効な成分を含む薄い層又は厚い層の
被膜で表面を被覆した被覆種子が種々開発されている。
上記被膜には、被膜に厚みを持たせるための鉱物質材
料、着色用の染料や顔料、病原菌を殺す殺菌剤、植物の
発芽と生長を促進する発芽生長促進剤及び虫害や鳥害を
防止する忌避剤などの有効成分と、これらの有効成分を
種子の表面に保持するための被膜形成剤が含まれてい
る。2. Description of the Related Art In order to achieve efficient sowing and plant growth, various types of coated seeds whose surface is coated with a thin or thick layer containing components effective for germination and growth have been developed.
In the above-mentioned coating, a mineral material for giving a thickness to the coating, a coloring dye or pigment, a fungicide for killing pathogenic bacteria, a germination growth promoter for promoting germination and growth of plants, and preventing insect damage and bird damage. It contains active ingredients such as repellents and a film-forming agent for retaining these active ingredients on the surface of the seed.

【０００３】[0003]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、経済性
を考慮すると、それぞれの種子に応じて上記複数の有効
成分の適正濃度を求めて調節することは極めて困難であ
る。特に、殺菌剤は病原菌だけでなく、高濃度状態では
植物の奇形を発生する危険があり、また植物の発芽生長
に有効な土壌微生物も殺してしまうので、適用される種
子や土壌に対して個別的な対応が要求される。However, in consideration of economic efficiency, it is extremely difficult to obtain and adjust appropriate concentrations of the plurality of active ingredients for each seed. In particular, fungicides not only cause pathogens, but also can cause plant malformation at high concentrations, and also kill soil microorganisms that are effective for plant germination and growth. Response is required.

【０００４】また、粉状の有効成分（殺菌剤、忌避剤）
を小さな種子の周囲に一定の割合で付着させるのは容易
なことでない。[0004] Powdered active ingredients (bactericides, repellents)
It is not easy to attach a certain rate around small seeds.

【０００５】さらに、粉状の合成殺菌剤や忌避剤は、吸
入や皮膚への付着により、これを取り扱う者の健康を害
する恐れがある。[0005] Furthermore, powdery synthetic bactericides and repellents may harm the health of the person who handles them by inhalation or adherence to the skin.

【０００６】そして、合成薬剤は土壌に残留してこれを
長期間にわたって汚染するという問題がある。[0006] There is a problem that the synthetic drug remains in the soil and contaminates it for a long period of time.

【０００７】[0007]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、上記問題点を
解決し、被膜中に有効成分を適当な割合でかつ均等に含
み、取り扱いの危険がなく、環境汚染のない被覆種子を
提供するためになされたもので、第１の発明にかかる被
覆種子は、種子の表面を、少なくとも被覆形成剤と木酢
液とを含む、分解性被膜で被覆したものである。また、
第２の発明にかかる被覆種子は、酸に弱い種子の表面
を、少なくとも被膜形成剤と木酢液と木炭粉とを含む、
分解性被膜で被覆したものである。DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention solves the above problems and provides a coated seed which contains an active ingredient in an appropriate ratio and evenly in a coating film, has no danger of handling, and has no environmental pollution. The coated seed according to the first invention is obtained by coating the surface of the seed with a degradable coating containing at least a coating forming agent and a wood vinegar solution. Also,
The coated seed according to the second invention, the surface of the seed weak to acid, at least comprises a film forming agent, wood vinegar and charcoal powder,
It is covered with a degradable film.

【０００８】[0008]

【発明の実施の形態】以下、添付図面を参照して本発明
の好適な実施の形態を説明する。Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

【０００９】図１は、第１の発明にかかる被覆種子の実
施形態を示し、この被覆種子１は、種子２の周囲が分解
性被膜３で覆われている。種子２としては、農業、園芸
及び法面緑化の分野で使用されるあらゆる種類の種子が
適用可能で、例えば、細粒かつ軽量であって均一な播種
が困難なニンジンやヒナゲシの種子、鳥獣害に遭いやす
いトウモロコシの種子、土壌病害に遭いやすいベント・
グラスの種子なども含まれる。FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a coated seed according to the first invention. The coated seed 1 has a seed 2 covered with a degradable coating 3. As the seed 2, all kinds of seeds used in the fields of agriculture, horticulture and slope greening can be applied. For example, carrot and corn poppy seeds which are fine and light and difficult to sow evenly, bird and animal damage Corn seeds that are more susceptible to soil and bents that are more susceptible to soil diseases
Glass seeds are also included.

【００１０】分解性被膜３は、被膜形成剤４を含む。被
膜形成剤４としては、澱粉、ＰＶＡ、ＣＭＣ、ゼラチ
ン、アルギン酸塩などの公知の分解性物質が利用でき
る。被覆される種子２が細粒で軽量のものである場合、
分解性被膜３には、ベントナイト、クレイ、酸性白土、
カオリンなどの鉱物質材料を混合をしてもよい。また、
土壌の色と異なる色の染料や顔料を混合して、播種され
たときの分布状態を確認できるようにしてもよい。The decomposable film 3 contains a film forming agent 4. As the film forming agent 4, known degradable substances such as starch, PVA, CMC, gelatin, and alginate can be used. When the seed 2 to be coated is fine and lightweight,
The degradable coating 3 includes bentonite, clay, acid clay,
Mineral materials such as kaolin may be mixed. Also,
Dyes and pigments of a color different from the color of the soil may be mixed so that the distribution state at the time of sowing can be confirmed.

【００１１】分解性被膜３はまた、木酢液５を含む。木
酢液５は、木材の乾留により（例えば、木炭製造過程
で）得られる液体生成物を静置したときに分かれる２層
のうち、上層の多量の酢酸を含む黄赤褐色透明液で、酢
酸の他に２００種類以上の成分を含み、水で希釈でき
る。したがって、木酢液５を分解性被膜３に含ませるこ
とにより、２００種類以上もの有効成分を各種子２に対
して均等に付与できる。The decomposable coating 3 also contains a wood vinegar solution 5. The wood vinegar liquid 5 is a yellow-red-brown transparent liquid containing a large amount of acetic acid in the upper layer of the two layers separated when the liquid product obtained by dry distillation of wood (for example, in the charcoal production process) is allowed to stand. Contains more than 200 components and can be diluted with water. Therefore, by including the wood vinegar solution 5 in the decomposable film 3, more than 200 kinds of active ingredients can be evenly applied to the various seeds 2.

【００１２】木酢液５に含まれる各種成分は、種子２の
発芽生長に対して極めて有効な働きを果たす。具体的
に、（ａ）酢酸、メタノール、フェノールは、細菌や糸
状菌に対して殺菌効果を発揮する。したがって、ヤマハ
ンノキなどの緑化に用いられる在来種の種子は病原菌
（特に糸状菌）に感染していることが多いが、このよう
な病原菌は木酢液の殺菌作用により取り除かれるので、
種子の発芽率が著しく向上する。また、（ｂ）土壌水分
や降雨によって木酢液が２００倍以上希釈されると土壌
中で酢酸などを栄養源として放線菌などの有用な微生物
が急激に繁殖し、種子に好適な発芽生長環境を提供す
る。さらに、（ｃ）有機酸メチルエステルなどのエステ
ル類は、種子の発芽生長促進効果がある。さらにまた、
（ｄ）酢酸やクレオソートは昆虫や鳥獣に対する忌避効
果を発揮する。そして、（ｅ）ケトン類、アルデハイド
類、アルコール類は、生体組織に浸透し易く、染料や顔
料を分解性被膜３に含ませる場合、これら染料や顔料を
積極的に付着させる展着作用を発揮する。加えて、
（ｆ）酢酸は、生物の代謝によりアセチル酸になって生
物に利用されるので、土壌に残留してこれを汚染するこ
とがない。Various components contained in the wood vinegar liquid 5 play a very effective role in the germination and growth of the seed 2. Specifically, (a) acetic acid, methanol, and phenol exhibit a bactericidal effect on bacteria and filamentous fungi. Therefore, the seeds of native species used for greening such as alder are often infected with pathogenic bacteria (especially filamentous fungi), but such pathogenic bacteria are removed by the bactericidal action of wood vinegar,
The germination rate of seeds is significantly improved. (B) When the wood vinegar solution is diluted 200 times or more due to soil moisture or rainfall, useful microorganisms such as actinomycetes rapidly proliferate in the soil using acetic acid or the like as a nutrient source, and a germination growth environment suitable for seeds is obtained. provide. Further, (c) esters such as organic acid methyl esters have an effect of promoting seed germination and growth. Furthermore,
(D) Acetic acid and creosote exert a repellent effect on insects and birds and animals. (E) Ketones, aldehydes, and alcohols easily penetrate into living tissues, and when a dye or pigment is contained in the decomposable film 3, exerts a spreading action of positively attaching the dye or pigment. I do. in addition,
(F) Since acetic acid is converted into acetyl acid by the metabolism of the organism and used for the organism, it does not remain in the soil and contaminate it.

【００１３】木酢液５はｐＨが３．０±０．５の酸性を
呈する。したがって、酸に弱い植物（例えば、ホワイト
・クローバなどのマメ科植物、カスミソウなどの園芸植
物の種子）に木酢液５を適用しようとすれば、約１００
００倍以上希釈しなければならないが、この程度まで希
釈すると木酢液５の有する上述の作用効果が実質的に失
われてしまう。そこで、酸性に弱いマメ科植物等の植物
種子の場合、図２に示すように、分解性被膜３に木炭粉
６を含めるのが好ましい。この場合、ｐＨ８．０−９．
０のアルカリ性を有する木炭粉６が木酢液５をその作用
効果を失うことなく中和し、酸性に弱い植物に対して好
適な発芽生長環境を提供する。また、木炭粉に木酢液を
含浸し、これを分解性被膜３中に混入する方法もある
が、このときの木酢液の含有量は約１０−３０％前後と
するのが望ましい。さらに、木炭粉は、ミクロン単位の
多数の孔を有し、そこに水分や栄養分を長期にわたって
保管して植物に供給できると共に、窒素固定菌などの菌
に好適な住みかを提供して土壌改良材の役割を果たす。
そのため、木炭粉６には、マメ科植物の根粒菌を接種し
てもよい。さらにまた、木炭粉６には、開花を促進する
微量要素のホウ素が含まれているので、園芸植物の被覆
材料として理想的といえる。The wood vinegar liquid 5 has an acidity of pH 3.0 ± 0.5. Therefore, if an attempt is made to apply the wood vinegar solution 5 to a plant that is vulnerable to acid (eg, seeds of legumes such as white clover and garden plants such as gypsophila), about 100
The dilution must be at least 00 times, but when diluted to this extent, the above-mentioned effects of the wood vinegar solution 5 are substantially lost. Therefore, in the case of plant seeds such as legumes which are weak in acidity, it is preferable to include the charcoal powder 6 in the degradable film 3 as shown in FIG. In this case, pH 8.0-9.
The charcoal powder 6 having an alkalinity of 0 neutralizes the wood vinegar solution 5 without losing its function and effect, and provides a suitable germination growth environment for plants that are weak in acidity. There is also a method of impregnating charcoal powder with a wood vinegar solution and mixing it into the decomposable film 3. At this time, the content of the wood vinegar solution is preferably about 10-30%. In addition, charcoal powder has a large number of micron-sized pores, which can store water and nutrients for a long period of time and supply it to plants, and at the same time provide soil suitable for bacteria such as nitrogen fixing bacteria to improve soil quality. Plays the role of wood.
Therefore, the charcoal powder 6 may be inoculated with rhizobial bacteria of legumes. Furthermore, since the charcoal powder 6 contains a trace element of boron that promotes flowering, it can be said that it is ideal as a covering material for garden plants.

【００１４】以上の構成を有する被覆種子１は、種子
２、被膜形成剤４、木酢液５、また必要ならば木炭粉６
を、公知の噴霧式被覆装置や回転パン式被覆装置で混合
し、種子２の周囲に被膜形成剤４、木酢液５等を付着さ
せて製造するのが好ましい。The coated seed 1 having the above-mentioned structure comprises a seed 2, a film-forming agent 4, a wood vinegar solution 5, and a charcoal powder 6 if necessary.
Is mixed with a known spray-type coating device or a rotary pan-type coating device, and a film forming agent 4, a wood vinegar solution 5, and the like are adhered around the seeds 2 to produce the seeds.

【００１５】[0015]

【発明の効果】以上の説明から明らかなように、木酢液
は種々の有益な作用効果（すなわち、病原菌の殺菌作
用、発芽生長促進作用、栄養補給作用、忌避作用、展着
作用、非残留作用）を有し、どのような大きさの種子に
対しても均一に有効成分を供給して上記効能を得ること
ができる。また、木炭粉を添加することにより、酸に弱
い種子に対しても木酢液を適用でき、上記作用効果を得
ることができる。As is clear from the above description, wood vinegar has various beneficial effects (ie, bactericidal action of pathogens, germination and growth promotion action, nutritional supplementation action, repellent action, spreading action, non-residual action). ), And the above-mentioned effect can be obtained by uniformly supplying an active ingredient to seeds of any size. In addition, by adding charcoal powder, the wood vinegar solution can be applied to seeds that are vulnerable to acid, and the above-described effects can be obtained.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図１】 種子に木酢液を保持させた被覆種子の拡大断
面図。FIG. 1 is an enlarged sectional view of a coated seed in which a wood vinegar solution is held on the seed.

【図２】 種子に木酢液と木炭粉を保持させた被覆種子
の拡大断面図。FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of a coated seed in which a wood vinegar solution and charcoal powder are held on the seed.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

１…被覆種子、２…種子、３…分解性被膜、４…被膜形
成剤、５…木酢液、６…木炭粉。DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Coated seed, 2 ... seed, 3 ... Degradable coating, 4 ... Coating agent, 5 ... Wine vinegar, 6 ... Charcoal powder.

Claims (2)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項１】 種子の表面を、少なくとも被覆形成剤と
木酢液とを含む、分解性被膜で被覆したことを特徴とす
る木酢液含有被覆種子。1. A wood vinegar liquid-containing seed wherein the surface of the seed is coated with a degradable film containing at least a coating forming agent and a wood vinegar liquid. 【請求項２】 酸に弱い種子の表面を、少なくとも被膜
形成剤と木酢液と木炭粉とを含む、分解性被膜で被覆し
たことを特徴とする木酢液含有被覆種子。2. A wood vinegar solution-containing coated seed, wherein the surface of a seed that is vulnerable to acid is coated with a degradable film containing at least a film-forming agent, wood vinegar solution and charcoal powder.