JPH1150266A - Method for topical modification of base material - Google Patents
Method for topical modification of base materialInfo
- Publication number
- JPH1150266A JPH1150266A JP20445097A JP20445097A JPH1150266A JP H1150266 A JPH1150266 A JP H1150266A JP 20445097 A JP20445097 A JP 20445097A JP 20445097 A JP20445097 A JP 20445097A JP H1150266 A JPH1150266 A JP H1150266A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- base material
- reforming
- probe
- modifying
- embedded
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1275—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding involving metallurgical change
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/128—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding making use of additional material
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】この発明は、各種工業分野に
おいて使用される金属等よりなる母材の一部分の特性、
例えば硬さ、電気伝導度、磁気特性等を、当該母材とは
異なるように改質するための局部的改質方法に関する。TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to the characteristics of a part of a base material made of metal or the like used in various industrial fields,
For example, the present invention relates to a local modification method for modifying hardness, electric conductivity, magnetic properties, and the like so as to be different from the base material.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来技術とその課題】近年、各種工業分野における製
造工程や製品自体の高機能化に伴い、例えば硬さ、電気
伝導度、磁気特性等の特性が局部的に異なる材料の需要
が増大すると共に、このような材料として特に耐久性及
び信頼性に優れて且つ安価なものが希求されている。と
ころが、従来におけるこの種の材料は、一般的に母材の
一部に特性の異なる異種材料を接合した形態であるた
め、その接合強度が不充分で耐久性に乏しかったり、溶
融接合では接合部にクラックの発生や組織の変質を生じ
て品質低下をきたす等の問題を生じることが多い上、接
合に要するコストが高く付くという難点があった。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, as the manufacturing process and the product itself have become more sophisticated in various industrial fields, demands for materials having locally different properties such as hardness, electrical conductivity, and magnetic properties have been increasing. As such a material, a material which is particularly excellent in durability and reliability and is inexpensive is demanded. However, this type of conventional material generally has a form in which dissimilar materials having different properties are joined to a part of the base material, and thus the joining strength is insufficient and the durability is poor. In addition, there are many problems that cracks are generated and the quality of the structure is deteriorated due to deterioration of the structure, and the cost required for joining is high.
【０００３】例えば、各種工場の自動生産システムにお
いては、加工用及び組立用の各種機器の動作や移動、ワ
ークの移動等のために多くのガイドレールが設けられる
が、その耐摩耗性を向上させる手段として、ガイドレー
ル母材の他との接触部分に母材金属とは異なる硬質金属
の板材を接合させることが多い。しかるに、異種金属間
では密着性に乏しいため、接合界面が剥離して浮き上が
り等を生じ易く、耐久性に劣るという問題があった。ま
た、自動車等のエンジンに使用されるピストンでは、ピ
ストンの母材にリング状の異種金属を融着させてピスト
ンリング部を形成する方法が多用されているが、その融
着後の凝固時にピストンリング部に微小なクラックが発
生し易いという問題があった。For example, in an automatic production system of various factories, many guide rails are provided for the operation and movement of various processing and assembling devices, the movement of a work, and the like. As a means, a plate material of a hard metal different from the base metal is often joined to a contact portion of the guide rail base material with another. However, there is a problem that the adhesion between the dissimilar metals is poor, so that the bonding interface is likely to peel off and to be lifted up, resulting in poor durability. Also, in pistons used in engines of automobiles and the like, a method of forming a piston ring portion by fusing a ring-shaped dissimilar metal to a base material of the piston is often used. There is a problem that minute cracks are easily generated in the ring portion.
【０００４】この発明は、上述の事情に鑑みて、母材の
一部を異なる特性を持つように局部的に改質する手段と
して、改質部に実質的な接合界面を生じず、もって界面
剥離等による耐久性の低下が防止されると共に、熱影響
によるクラックの発生や変質による品質低下を回避でき
る上、加工を容易に且つ低コストで行える方法を提供す
ることを目的としている。[0004] In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, the present invention provides a means for locally modifying a part of a base material so as to have different characteristics without substantially forming a bonding interface in a modified portion. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method capable of preventing a decrease in durability due to peeling or the like, preventing generation of cracks due to heat influence and deterioration in quality due to deterioration, and performing processing easily and at low cost.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】この発明者らは、上記目
的を達成するために鋭意検討を行う過程で、近年におい
て金属材の溶接やロウ付けに代わる新しい接合技術とし
て普及しつつある摩擦攪拌接合法に着目し、これを母材
の局部改質に応用することを考えた。In order to achieve the above object, the inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive studies, and have recently found that friction stirring, which has become popular as a new joining technique replacing metal welding and brazing, has recently become popular. Focusing on the joining method, we considered applying it to local modification of the base material.
【０００６】この摩擦攪拌接合法は、例えば特表平７−
５０５０９０号公報に開示されるように、被加工物より
も硬い材質のプローブ（棒状物）を回転させながら被加
工物に摺接させた際に、この摺接部分で発生する摩擦熱
と圧力によって被加工物素材が塑性流動化し、該プロー
ブが被加工物中に埋入して且つこの埋入状態のまま被加
工物中を移動できることを利用したものであり、例えば
金属板同士の突き合わせ接合線に沿ってプローブを上記
埋入状態で移動させると、進行するプローブの前方側で
塑性流動した両金属板の素材が攪拌混練されながら該プ
ローブの後方側へ漸次移行し、後方側で摩擦熱を失って
急速に冷却固化するから、両金属板は素材同士が攪拌混
練されて完全に一体化した状態で接合されることにな
る。This friction stir welding method is disclosed in, for example,
As disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 505090, when a probe (rod) made of a material harder than the workpiece is brought into sliding contact with the workpiece while rotating, the frictional heat and pressure generated in the sliding contact portion cause The method utilizes the fact that the workpiece material is plastically fluidized and the probe is embedded in the workpiece and can be moved in the workpiece in this embedded state. For example, a butt joint line between metal plates is used. When the probe is moved in the embedded state along the above, the material of the two metal plates plastically flowing at the front side of the advancing probe gradually moves to the rear side of the probe while being stirred and kneaded, and frictional heat is generated at the rear side. Since it is lost and rapidly cooled and solidified, the two metal plates are joined in a state where the raw materials are stirred and kneaded and are completely integrated.
【０００７】しかして、この発明者らは、摩擦攪拌接合
法における金属素材の塑性流動化現象を、一般的な金属
材同士の接合ではなく、母材の局部的改質に利用すると
いう独特の発想のもとに、綿密な実験研究を重ねた結
果、前記接合に使用するのと同様の加工用ツールを用
い、簡単な手法によって上記の局部的改質を容易に行え
ることを見出し、この発明をなすに至った。[0007] However, the present inventors have a unique technique in which the plastic fluidization phenomenon of a metal material in the friction stir welding method is used not for general joining of metal materials but for local modification of a base material. As a result of thorough experimental research based on the idea, the inventors have found that the above-mentioned local modification can be easily performed by a simple method using a processing tool similar to that used for the joining. Was reached.
【０００８】すなわち、この発明の請求項１に係る母材
の局部的改質方法は、図面の参照符号を付して示せば、
母材（１）の改質を要する領域（１ａ）に改質用材料
（２）を配置し、この改質用材料（２）の配置部に、加
工用ツール（３）の回転子（３１）に突設されたプロー
ブ（３２）を回転しつつ埋入させると共に、この埋入状
態で当該ツール（３）を前記改質用材料（２）の配置部
に沿って移動させることにより、埋入した前記プローブ
（３２）の回転に伴う摩擦攪拌によって改質用材料
（２）と母材（１）の素材とを一体化することを特徴と
している。That is, a method for locally modifying a base material according to claim 1 of the present invention is described with reference numerals in the drawings.
The modifying material (2) is arranged in the area (1a) where the reforming of the base material (1) is required, and the rotor (31) of the processing tool (3) is placed in the area where the modifying material (2) is arranged. ), The probe (32) protruding therefrom is rotated and embedded, and the tool (3) is moved along the portion where the modifying material (2) is placed in this embedded state, thereby embedding the probe (32). The material for the reforming material (2) and the material of the base material (1) are integrated by frictional agitation accompanying the rotation of the probe (32) inserted.
【０００９】上記構成では、プローブ（３２）が改質用
材料（２）の配置部に埋入すると、母材（１）の素材が
摩擦攪拌によって塑性流動するが、このとき流動する素
材中に改質用材料（２）が混ざり込んで一緒に流動する
ことになる。しかして、この流動する材料は回転する該
プローブ（３２）の移動に伴い、攪拌混練されながら該
プローブ（３２）の後方側へ漸次移行し、後方側で摩擦
熱を失って急速に冷却固化する。この固化部分は、母材
（１）の素材と改質用材料（２）とが混練されて完全に
一体化しており、改質用材料（２）に基づく所要の特性
を具備する改質領域となる。In the above configuration, when the probe (32) is embedded in the portion where the modifying material (2) is placed, the material of the base material (1) plastically flows due to frictional stirring. The reforming material (2) mixes and flows together. The flowing material gradually moves toward the rear side of the probe (32) while being stirred and kneaded with the movement of the rotating probe (32), and loses frictional heat at the rear side to rapidly cool and solidify. . In the solidified portion, the material of the base material (1) and the modifying material (2) are kneaded and completely integrated, and the modified region having the required characteristics based on the modifying material (2) is provided. Becomes
【００１０】従って、母材（１）と改質用材料（２）と
の接合界面は存在せず、また母材（１）の素材に対する
改質用材料（２）の混ざり込みは前記固化部分の周辺ほ
ど少なくなる、なだらかな分布を示すため、改質部分と
その周囲との間でも明確な界面が形成されない。しかし
て、この摩擦攪拌では、溶融法とは異なって材料の塑性
流動化が融点よりもかなり低い温度で生じ、固化部分は
母材（１）の素材と改質用材料（２）とが殆ど固相で混
合した状態になり、溶融法のような凝固組織ではないか
らクラックの発生や熱変質を生起しにくく、両者が金属
であっても金属間化合物の生成が抑制される。Accordingly, there is no bonding interface between the base material (1) and the modifying material (2), and the mixing of the modifying material (2) with the material of the base material (1) is caused by the solidified portion. , The distribution becomes gentler and less gradual, so that a clear interface is not formed between the modified portion and its periphery. In this friction stirrer, unlike the melting method, plastic fluidization of the material occurs at a temperature much lower than the melting point, and the solidified portion is mostly composed of the base material (1) and the modifying material (2). Since they are in a mixed state in a solid phase and do not have a solidified structure as in a melting method, they do not easily generate cracks or thermal alteration, and even when both are metals, the formation of intermetallic compounds is suppressed.
【００１１】請求項２の発明では、上記請求項１の母材
の局部的改質方法において、母材（１）の改質を要する
領域に凹所（１１）を形成し、この凹所（１１）内に改
質用材料（２）を配置する構成としているから、プロー
ブ（３２）を埋入状態で移動させる際に改質用材料
（２）が配置位置から逃げにくく、もって母材（１）の
素材と改質用材料（２）とが摩擦攪拌によって効率よく
混練されることになる。According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the method for locally modifying a base material according to the first aspect, a recess (11) is formed in a region where the base material (1) requires modification, and the recess (11) is formed. 11), the reforming material (2) is arranged inside, so that when the probe (32) is moved in the embedded state, the reforming material (2) does not easily escape from the disposition position, so that the base material ( The material of 1) and the modifying material (2) are kneaded efficiently by friction stirring.
【００１２】請求項３の発明では、上記請求項２の母材
の局部的改質方法において、改質用材料（２）が粉末な
いし粒状形態である構成としているから、母材（１）の
凹所（１１）へ充填し易い上、その充填量の増減による
改質特性の強弱調整が容易であり、また複数種の改質用
材料（２）を併用して異なる特性を同時に付与すること
も容易になる。According to the third aspect of the present invention, in the method of locally modifying the base material according to the second aspect, since the modifying material (2) is in a powder or granular form, It is easy to fill the recess (11), it is easy to adjust the strength of the reforming property by increasing or decreasing the filling amount, and simultaneously imparting different properties by using a plurality of types of reforming materials (2). Will also be easier.
【００１３】請求項４の発明では、上記請求項３の母材
の局部的改質方法において、加工用ツール（３）のプロ
ーブ（３２）周面にねじ（３３）が刻設され、このプロ
ーブ（３２）を前記ねじ（３３）の進行方向に回転させ
ながら改質用材料（２）の配置部に埋入させる構成とし
ているから、粉末ないし粒状形態の改質用材料（２）が
ねじ（３３）の螺旋誘導によって圧縮作用を受けながら
母材（１）の流動する素材中に混ざり込むことになる。According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the method for locally modifying a base material according to the third aspect, a screw (33) is engraved on a peripheral surface of the probe (32) of the processing tool (3). (32) is embedded in the portion where the modifying material (2) is disposed while rotating the screw (33) in the traveling direction of the screw (33). The material is mixed into the flowing material of the base material (1) while being compressed by the spiral guidance of 33).
【００１４】[0014]
【発明の実施の形態】この発明の局部的改質方法では、
母材の改質を要する領域に改質用材料を配置し、この改
質用材料の配置部に加工用ツールの回転子に突設された
プローブを回転しつつ埋入させて移動させる。すなわ
ち、ここで用いる加工用ツールは既述の摩擦攪拌接合に
使用されるものと同様であり、プローブを回転させなが
ら母材に摺接させた際に、母材の素材が摩擦攪拌によっ
て塑性流動化することにより、該プローブが母材中に埋
入して且つこの埋入状態のまま母材中を移動可能とな
る。しかして、プローブの移動に伴い、流動化した母材
の素材と改質用材料とが一体化して固化し、もって母材
の上記領域に改質用材料に基づく異なった特性が付与さ
れる。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In the local reforming method of the present invention,
A reforming material is arranged in a region where the base material needs to be reformed, and a probe protruding from a rotor of a processing tool is buried and moved in a portion where the reforming material is arranged while rotating. In other words, the processing tool used here is the same as that used for the friction stir welding described above. When the probe is slid into contact with the base material while rotating the probe, the material of the base material is subjected to plastic flow by friction stirring. This allows the probe to be embedded in the base material and move in the base material in this embedded state. Thus, with the movement of the probe, the fluidized base material and the reforming material are integrated and solidified, so that different properties based on the reforming material are given to the above-mentioned region of the base material.
【００１５】改質対象とする母材は、特に制約はない
が、一般的にはアルミニウムやその合金その他の金属材
である。その改質すべき物性としては、硬さ（耐摩耗
性）、電気伝導度、磁気特性、機械的強度、耐薬品性、
表面粗さ等、極めて多岐にわたり、特に制約はない。ま
た、改質を要する領域の形状、大きさ、長さ、深さ等に
ついても制約はない。しかして、加工用ツールのプロー
ブは、母材よりも硬い材質であればよく、単なる棒軸状
でもよいが、特に改質用材料が粉末ないし粒状形態であ
る場合には周面にねじを刻設したものが好適である。The base material to be modified is not particularly limited, but is generally aluminum, an alloy thereof, or another metal material. The properties to be modified include hardness (wear resistance), electrical conductivity, magnetic properties, mechanical strength, chemical resistance,
There is a wide variety such as surface roughness, and there is no particular limitation. In addition, there is no limitation on the shape, size, length, depth, and the like of the region that requires modification. The probe of the processing tool may be a material that is harder than the base material and may be a simple rod-shape, but in particular, if the material for modification is in a powder or granular form, a screw is formed on the peripheral surface. The one provided is preferable.
【００１６】一方、改質用材料としては、銅，鉄，ニッ
ケル，マンガン等の金属材料や、酸化アルミニウム，酸
化クロム，炭化チタン，炭化ケイ素，窒化ケイ素等のセ
ラミック系材料を始めとして、極めて広範な材料を特に
制約なく使用でき、母材の改質すべき物性に応じて適当
なものを選択すればよい。また、その形態についても、
粉末、粒状物、塊状物、板材、帯板材、ブロック等、特
に制約はない。On the other hand, examples of the modifying material include metal materials such as copper, iron, nickel, and manganese, and ceramic materials such as aluminum oxide, chromium oxide, titanium carbide, silicon carbide, and silicon nitride. Any suitable material can be used without any particular limitation, and an appropriate material may be selected according to the properties of the base material to be modified. In addition, about the form,
There are no particular restrictions on powder, granules, aggregates, plates, strips, blocks, and the like.
【００１７】このような改質用材料は、母材の改質を要
する領域上に単に載置するだけでもよいが、埋入状態で
移動するプローブとの接触によって当該改質用材料が配
置位置から逃げるのを防止するために、例えば図１に示
すように、母材（１）の図示一点鎖線鎖線で示す改質を
要する領域（１ａ）に凹所（１１）を設け、この凹所
（１１）内に、粉末、粒状物、塊状物等では充填し、板
材、帯板材、ブロック等では嵌合させるのがよい。Such a modifying material may be simply placed on a region where the base material needs to be modified, but the reforming material is placed at the disposition position by contact with a probe moving in an embedded state. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, a recess (11) is provided in a region (1a) of the base material (1) that requires modification as indicated by a one-dot chain line in FIG. It is preferable to fill 11) with powders, granules, lumps, and the like, and to fit with plates, strips, blocks, and the like.
【００１８】次に、前記の図１に示す凹所（１１）を設
けた母材（１）を対象とした局部的改質方法の一例につ
いて、図２〜図４を参照して説明する。Next, an example of a local reforming method for the base material (1) provided with the recess (11) shown in FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIGS.
【００１９】図２（Ａ）（Ｂ）において、（３）は加工
用ツールであり、丸軸状の回転子（３１）の下端に、先
端球面状で周面にねじ（３３）を刻設したプローブ（３
２）が同心状に突設されており、回転駆動機構（図示省
略）によって回転子（３１）がプローブ（３２）と一体
に回転すると共に、昇降駆動機構（図示省略）によって
昇降動作するようになっている。この加工用ツール（１
０）の下方には、母材（１）が粉末状ないし粒状の改質
用材料（２）を充填した凹所（１１）の一端部をプロー
ブ（３２）の直下に位置させて配置している。しかし
て、プローブ（３２）の径及び長さは凹所（１１）の幅
及び深さよりも大きく設定してある。In FIGS. 2A and 2B, reference numeral (3) denotes a processing tool, and a screw (33) is formed at the lower end of a rotor (31) having a round shaft shape and has a spherical tip surface on the peripheral surface. Probe (3
2) is protruded concentrically so that the rotor (31) rotates integrally with the probe (32) by a rotation drive mechanism (not shown) and moves up and down by a lifting drive mechanism (not shown). Has become. This processing tool (1
Below (0), one end of the recess (11) in which the base material (1) is filled with the powdery or granular modifying material (2) is positioned immediately below the probe (32). I have. The diameter and length of the probe (32) are set to be larger than the width and depth of the recess (11).
【００２０】改質に際しては、回転子（３１）を図示矢
印ａの如くねじ（２１）の進行方向に回転しつつ下降さ
せ、プローブ（３２）を凹所（１１）にかかる状態で母
材（１）中に埋入させる。これにより、凹所（１１）の
周辺にある母材（１）の素材が摩擦攪拌によって塑性流
動化すると共に、この流動する素材中に改質用材料
（２）が混ざり込む。次いで、この埋入状態のまま加工
用ツール（３）を凹所（１１）に沿って移動させてゆく
と、図３に示すように、回転するプローブ（３２）の前
方では母材（１）の素材が改質用材料（２）を混ざり込
ませて流動化する一方、該プローブ（３２）の後方側で
は流動化していた母材（１）の素材が改質用材料（２）
を混ざり込ませた状態で急速に固化し、改質領域（１
０）が形成されてゆく。しかして、この場合、プローブ
（３２）がねじ（３３）の進行方向に回転するため、粉
末ないし粒状形態の改質用材料（２）がねじ（３３）の
螺旋誘導によって圧縮作用を受けながら母材（１）の流
動する素材中に混ざり込むから、改質領域（１０）への
空気の混入が防止される。At the time of reforming, the rotor (31) is lowered while rotating in the direction of travel of the screw (21) as shown by the arrow a in the figure, and the probe (32) is put on the base material ( 1) Embed inside. As a result, the material of the base material (1) around the recess (11) is plastically fluidized by friction stirring, and the modifying material (2) is mixed into the flowing material. Next, when the processing tool (3) is moved along the recess (11) in this embedded state, as shown in FIG. 3, the base material (1) is located in front of the rotating probe (32). Is mixed with the reforming material (2) and fluidized, while on the rear side of the probe (32), the fluidized base material (1) is transformed into the reforming material (2).
Is rapidly solidified in a state in which
0) is formed. However, in this case, since the probe (32) rotates in the traveling direction of the screw (33), the reforming material (2) in powder or granular form undergoes a compressive action by the helical induction of the screw (33) while undergoing a compression action. Since the material (1) is mixed into the flowing material, air is prevented from entering the reforming region (10).
【００２１】かくして局部的改質を施した母材（１）
は、図４に示すように、その素材中に改質用材料（２）
が分散状態で一体化した改質領域（１０）を有し、この
改質領域（１０）では混在する改質用材料（２）に基づ
いて当該母材（１）とは異なった特性が発揮される。し
かるに、当該母材（１）と改質用材料（２）とのマクロ
的な接合界面は存在せず、また改質領域（１０）におけ
る改質用材料（２）の混ざり込みは周辺ほど少なくな
る、なだらかな分布を示すため、改質領域（１０）とそ
の周囲との間でも明確な界面を有さず、もって従来の接
合による改質のような接合強度面の問題がなく、優れた
耐久性が得られる。なお、改質領域（１０）の上面には
ガイドレール等とする浅い溝（１２）が形成されてい
る。The base material thus locally modified (1)
Is, as shown in FIG. 4, a modifying material (2)
Has a modified region (10) integrated in a dispersed state, and in the modified region (10), characteristics different from those of the base material (1) are exhibited based on the mixed modifying material (2). Is done. However, there is no macroscopic bonding interface between the base material (1) and the modifying material (2), and the mixing of the modifying material (2) in the modified region (10) is smaller in the periphery. In other words, it shows a gentle distribution, so that it does not have a clear interface between the modified region (10) and its surroundings. Durability is obtained. Note that a shallow groove (12) serving as a guide rail or the like is formed on the upper surface of the modified region (10).
【００２２】また、この改質方法では、溶融法とは異な
って摩擦攪拌による材料の塑性流動化が融点よりもかな
り低い温度で生じ、改質領域（１０）は母材（１）の素
材と改質用材料（２）とが殆ど固相で混合した状態とな
り、溶融法のような凝固組織にはならないから、クラッ
クの発生や熱変質を生起しにくく、両者が金属であって
も金属間化合物の生成が抑制され、この金属間化合物に
よる本来の材料性状の変質も回避される。さらに、この
例では、改質領域（１０）への空気の混入が防止される
から、この空気混入による脆化も回避される。Further, in this modification method, unlike the melting method, plastic fluidization of the material by friction stirring occurs at a temperature considerably lower than the melting point, and the modified region (10) is different from the material of the base material (1). Since the reforming material (2) and the reforming material (2) are almost in a mixed state in a solid phase and do not form a solidified structure as in a melting method, cracks and thermal deterioration are unlikely to occur. The formation of the compound is suppressed, and the deterioration of the original material properties due to the intermetallic compound is also avoided. Further, in this example, the incorporation of air into the reforming region (10) is prevented, so that embrittlement due to the incorporation of air is also avoided.
【００２３】上記例では母材（１）の改質を要する領域
（１ａ）が直線的に連続した細長い形状であるが、該領
域（１ａ）の形状や大きさには制約はなく、不連続であ
っても差し支えない。例えば該領域（１ａ）の幅がプロ
ーブ（３２）の径より大きい場合でも、加工用ツール
（３）をジグザグ状に移動させたり、位置をずらせなが
ら往復移動させることによって対応できる。なお、改質
は、通常では上記の加工用ツール（３）による加工にて
完了するが、付与する特性によっては、この加工後に母
材（１）の全体あるいは改質領域（１０）部分に熱処理
等の後処理を施してもよい。In the above example, the region (1a) requiring modification of the base material (1) has a linearly continuous and elongated shape. However, the shape and size of the region (1a) are not limited, and the region (1a) is discontinuous. It does not matter. For example, even when the width of the region (1a) is larger than the diameter of the probe (32), it can be dealt with by moving the processing tool (3) in a zigzag manner or by reciprocating while shifting the position. The modification is usually completed by the above-mentioned processing with the processing tool (3), but depending on the characteristics to be imparted, after the processing, the entire base material (1) or the modified region (10) is heat-treated. May be performed.
【００２４】しかして、上記例のように、凹所（１１）
に配置する改質用材料（２）として粉末状ないし粒状の
ものを使用すれば、該凹所（１１）へ充填し易い上、そ
の充填量の増減による改質特性の強弱調整が容易であ
り、また複数種の改質用材料（２）を併用して異なる特
性を同時に付与することも可能となる。一方、母材
（１）の改質を要する領域（１ａ）が円周面等の曲面上
にある場合は、改質用材料（２）が粉末状ないし粒状の
ものでは凹所（１１）を設けても保持できないため、該
凹所（１１）に適嵌するように寸法設定した板状、帯板
状、ブロック状等の改質用材料（２）を用いるのがよ
い。However, as in the above example, the recess (11)
When the powdery or granular material is used as the modifying material (2) to be disposed in the recess, it is easy to fill the recess (11), and it is easy to adjust the strength of the modifying property by increasing or decreasing the filling amount. It is also possible to simultaneously impart different properties by using a plurality of types of modifying materials (2). On the other hand, when the region (1a) requiring modification of the base material (1) is on a curved surface such as a circumferential surface, the recess (11) is formed when the modifying material (2) is powdery or granular. Since it cannot be held even if it is provided, it is preferable to use a reforming material (2) in a plate shape, a strip plate shape, a block shape, or the like, which is dimensioned so as to fit in the recess (11).
【００２５】なお、上記例の改質方法では母材（１）の
改質領域（１０）の上面側に浅い溝（１２）が形成され
るが、改質領域（１０）の表面を母材（１）と略同レベ
ルに設定することも可能である。例えば、母材（１）凹
所（１１）に対して、図５（Ａ）に示すように粉末状な
いし粒状の改質用材料（２）を空隙分を考慮して山盛り
状態に充填したり、図６（Ａ）に示すように該凹所（１
１）の容積に略等しい体積を有する帯板状の改質用材料
（２）を嵌合することにより、図５及び図６の（Ｂ）に
示すように形成される改質領域（１０）の表面を母材
（１）と略同レベルにすることができる。In the modification method of the above example, a shallow groove (12) is formed on the upper surface side of the modified region (10) of the base material (1). It is also possible to set the same level as (1). For example, as shown in FIG. 5 (A), the base material (1) recess (11) is filled with a powdery or granular modifying material (2) in a heaped state in consideration of voids. , As shown in FIG.
The modified region (10) formed as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6B by fitting a strip-shaped reforming material (2) having a volume substantially equal to the volume of 1). Can be made substantially the same level as the base material (1).
【００２６】[0026]
【実施例】アルミニウムの６０６１−Ｔ５材からなる縦
横２００×１００ｍｍ、厚さ４ｍｍの母材の片面に、幅
３ｍｍ、長さ８０ｍｍ、深さ２ｍｍの溝状の凹所を形成
し、この凹所内に粒子径２０〜４０μｍの銅粉末を当該
凹所の深さの約８０％まで充填した。そして、図２に示
す構成において長さ３ｍｍ、直径４ｍｍで周面にねじを
刻設したプローブを備える加工用ツールを使用し、その
回転子を前記ねじの進行方向へ回転させつつ該プローブ
を上記母材の凹所の一端側に埋入させ、この埋入状態で
当該ツールを凹所に沿って移動させることにより、該母
材の局部的改質を行った。この母材の改質部及び非改質
部のビッカース硬度（Ｈｖ）を測定したところ、改質部
はＨｖ＝３００、非改質部はＨｖ＝１００であった。EXAMPLE A groove-shaped recess having a width of 3 mm, a length of 80 mm and a depth of 2 mm was formed on one side of a base material having a length of 200 × 100 mm and a thickness of 4 mm made of aluminum 6061-T5 material. Was filled with copper powder having a particle diameter of 20 to 40 μm to about 80% of the depth of the recess. Then, using a processing tool provided with a probe having a length of 3 mm, a diameter of 4 mm, and a thread engraved on the peripheral surface in the configuration shown in FIG. The base material was locally modified by embedding it at one end of the recess of the base material and moving the tool along the recess in this embedding state. When the Vickers hardness (Hv) of the modified part and the non-modified part of this base material was measured, Hv = 300 in the modified part and Hv = 100 in the non-modified part.
【００２７】[0027]
【発明の効果】請求項１の発明によれば、母材の局部的
改質方法として、改質部に実質的な接合界面を生じず、
もって界面剥離等による耐久性の低下が防止されると共
に、熱影響に起因したクラックの発生や変質による品質
低下を回避できる上、加工を容易に且つ低コストで行え
る方法が提供される。According to the first aspect of the present invention, as a method for locally modifying the base material, a substantial bonding interface is not generated in the modified portion,
Thus, a method is provided in which a decrease in durability due to interface peeling or the like can be prevented, a crack can be prevented from being generated due to heat influence, and a quality can be prevented from being deteriorated due to deterioration, and processing can be performed easily and at low cost.
【００２８】請求項２の発明によれば、上記の局部的改
質方法において、母材の改質を要する領域に凹所を形成
し、この凹所内に改質用材料を配置するから、この改質
用材料が加工中に逃げにくく、もってより確実な改質を
行えるという利点がある。According to the second aspect of the present invention, in the above-described local reforming method, a recess is formed in a region where the base material needs to be reformed, and the reforming material is disposed in the recess. There is an advantage that the reforming material hardly escapes during processing, so that more reliable reforming can be performed.
【００２９】請求項３の発明によれば、母材の改質を要
する領域に凹所を設ける上記の局部的改質方法におい
て、改質用材料として粉末ないし粒状形態のものを使用
することから、該凹所へ充填し易い上、改質特性の強弱
調整が容易であり、また複数種の改質用材料を併用して
異なる特性を同時に付与することも容易になるという利
点がある。According to the third aspect of the present invention, in the above-described local reforming method in which a recess is formed in a region where the base material needs to be reformed, a powdery or granular material is used as the reforming material. In addition, the recess can be easily filled, the strength of the reforming property can be easily adjusted, and different properties can be easily imparted simultaneously by using a plurality of types of modifying materials.
【００３０】請求項４の発明によれば、改質用材料とし
て粉末ないし粒状形態のものを使用する上記の局部的改
質方法において、改質領域への空気の混入が防止され、
この混入による脆化が回避されるという利点がある。According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, in the above-described local reforming method using a powdery or granular material as the reforming material, air is prevented from being mixed into the reforming region,
There is an advantage that embrittlement due to this mixing is avoided.
【図１】この発明に係る局部的改質方法の一例に適用す
る母材の斜視図である。FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a base material applied to an example of a local reforming method according to the present invention.
【図２】同局部的改質方法の一例における改質開始前の
状態を示し、（Ａ）は縦断側面図、（Ｂ）は縦断正面図
である。FIG. 2 shows a state before the start of reforming in an example of the local reforming method, where (A) is a longitudinal side view and (B) is a longitudinal front view.
【図３】同局部的改質方法の一例における改質途上の状
態を示す縦断側面図である。FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional side view showing a state in the middle of reforming in an example of the local reforming method.
【図４】同局部的改質方法の一例における改質後の母材
の縦断正面図である。FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional front view of a modified base material in an example of the local reforming method.
【図５】同局部的改質方法の他の例に適用する母材を示
し、（Ａ）は改質開始前の縦断正面図、（Ｂ）は改質後
の縦断正面図である。5A and 5B show a base material applied to another example of the local reforming method, in which FIG. 5A is a longitudinal sectional front view before starting reforming, and FIG. 5B is a longitudinal sectional front view after reforming.
【図６】同局部的改質方法の更に他の例に適用する母材
を示し、（Ａ）は改質開始前の縦断正面図、（Ｂ）は改
質後の縦断正面図である。6A and 6B show a base material applied to still another example of the local reforming method, wherein FIG. 6A is a longitudinal sectional front view before starting reforming, and FIG. 6B is a longitudinal sectional front view after reforming.
１ ・・・母材 １ａ ・・・改質を要する領域 １０ ・・・改質領域 １１ ・・・凹所 ２ ・・・改質用材料 ３ ・・・加工用ツール ３１ ・・・回転子 ３２ ・・・プローブ DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Base material 1a ... The area | region which needs reforming 10 ... Reformation area 11 ... Recess 2 ... Reforming material 3 ... Processing tool 31 ... Rotor 32 ···probe
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 橋本 武典 堺市海山町６丁224番地 昭和アルミニウ ム株式会社内 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Takenori Hashimoto 6224, Kaiyamacho, Sakai City Showa Aluminum Co., Ltd.
Claims (4)
配置し、この改質用材料の配置部に、加工用ツールの回
転子に突設されたプローブを回転しつつ埋入させると共
に、この埋入状態で当該ツールを前記改質用材料の配置
部に沿って相対移動させることにより、 埋入した前記プローブの回転に伴う摩擦攪拌によって改
質用材料と母材の素材とを一体化することを特徴とする
母材の局部的改質方法。1. A reforming material is arranged in an area where a reforming of a base material is required, and a probe protruding from a rotor of a processing tool is embedded in a portion where the reforming material is arranged while rotating. At the same time, by relatively moving the tool along the disposition portion of the modifying material in the embedded state, the reforming material and the base material are mixed with each other by frictional stirring accompanying rotation of the embedded probe. A method for locally modifying a base material, comprising:
し、この凹所内に改質用材料を配置する請求項１記載の
母材の局部的改質方法。2. The method of locally modifying a base material according to claim 1, wherein a recess is formed in a region where the base material needs to be modified, and a material for modification is disposed in the recess.
請求項２に記載の母材の局部的改質方法。3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the modifying material is in a powder or granular form.
設され、このプローブを前記ねじの進行方向に回転させ
ながら改質用材料の配置部に埋入させる請求項３に記載
の母材の局部的改質方法。4. The base material according to claim 3, wherein a screw is engraved on a peripheral surface of the probe of the processing tool, and the probe is embedded in the arrangement portion of the modifying material while rotating the probe in a traveling direction of the screw. Local reforming method.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP20445097A JP3775894B2 (en) | 1997-07-30 | 1997-07-30 | Method for local modification of base material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP20445097A JP3775894B2 (en) | 1997-07-30 | 1997-07-30 | Method for local modification of base material |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH1150266A true JPH1150266A (en) | 1999-02-23 |
| JP3775894B2 JP3775894B2 (en) | 2006-05-17 |
Family
ID=16490736
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP20445097A Expired - Fee Related JP3775894B2 (en) | 1997-07-30 | 1997-07-30 | Method for local modification of base material |
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| Country | Link |
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| JP2007302997A (en) * | 2006-04-11 | 2007-11-22 | Osaka Univ | Method of producing metallic material, and metallic material |
| JPWO2005092558A1 (en) * | 2004-03-25 | 2008-02-07 | 学校法人日本大学 | Method and apparatus for joining metal plates by friction welding |
| JP2010150621A (en) * | 2008-12-26 | 2010-07-08 | Hitachi Ltd | Composite material, and method for producing the composite material |
| JP2010172995A (en) * | 2009-01-28 | 2010-08-12 | Masayuki Shima | Reforming method of round shaft surface and reforming device used for the reforming method |
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