JPH1150072A - System for converting waste plastic to solid fuel - Google Patents
System for converting waste plastic to solid fuelInfo
- Publication number
- JPH1150072A JPH1150072A JP9221996A JP22199697A JPH1150072A JP H1150072 A JPH1150072 A JP H1150072A JP 9221996 A JP9221996 A JP 9221996A JP 22199697 A JP22199697 A JP 22199697A JP H1150072 A JPH1150072 A JP H1150072A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- waste plastic
- hydrogen chloride
- dechlorination
- waste
- waste plastics
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/406—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on plastic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/02—Combustion or pyrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/56—Specific details of the apparatus for preparation or upgrading of a fuel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、廃プラスチックの
固形燃料化装置に関するものであり、詳しくは燃焼時に
腐食性ガスや有毒ガス発生の原因となる塩素を除去した
固形燃料を得るための装置に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for converting waste plastic into a solid fuel, and more particularly to an apparatus for obtaining a solid fuel from which chlorine, which causes corrosive gas and toxic gas during combustion, has been removed. Things.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術及びその課題】従来、資源の有効利用の面
から都市ゴミや産業廃棄物として廃棄される廃プラスチ
ックを固形燃料として利用することが行なわれている。
この種の固形燃料化装置であつて、燃焼時に腐食性ガス
や有毒ガス発生の原因となる塩素を除去すべく、廃プラ
スチックから脱塩素化を行なうことも提案されている。
これは、雑多な廃プラスチックに含まれるポリ塩化ビニ
ール等から塩化水素ガスを放出させるものであり、塩化
水素ガスを放出させた後のポリ塩化ビニール等を溶融状
態の廃プラスチックに混合させる場合と、廃プラスチッ
クから分離させる場合とがある。この内、塩化水素ガス
を放出させた後のポリ塩化ビニール等を溶融した廃プラ
スチックに混合させるものは、廃プラスチックの固形燃
料化装置の構造が簡素になる利点があるため、安価な固
形燃料を得る上で望ましい。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, waste plastic discarded as municipal waste or industrial waste has been used as a solid fuel from the viewpoint of effective use of resources.
It has also been proposed to dechlorinate waste plastics in order to remove chlorine, which causes the generation of corrosive gas and toxic gas during combustion, with this type of solid fuel conversion device.
This is to release hydrogen chloride gas from polyvinyl chloride etc. contained in miscellaneous waste plastics, and to mix polyvinyl chloride etc. after releasing hydrogen chloride gas into waste plastic in a molten state, It may be separated from waste plastic. Among them, the one that mixes PVC and the like after releasing hydrogen chloride gas with the molten waste plastic has the advantage of simplifying the structure of the waste plastic solid fuel conversion device. Desirable to get.
【０００３】この種の塩化水素ガスを放出させた後のポ
リ塩化ビニール等を溶融状態の廃プラスチックに混合さ
せる固形燃料化装置としては、例えば特開平８−６０１
６８号公報に記載されるものが知られている。これは、
予熱反応機と成形機とを備え、予熱反応機は、投入口か
ら溶融混合室内へ投入された廃プラスチックを溶融・混
合並びに脱塩素処理して排出口から排出し、成形機は、
廃棄物投入口から投入された可燃性廃棄物（廃プラスチ
ック以外の乾燥処理された可燃性廃棄物）を、予熱反応
機の排出口から成形室内へ押し込まれた溶融廃プラスチ
ックと攪拌・混合しながら加圧してダイスから押し出
す。[0003] As a solid fuel conversion device for mixing polyvinyl chloride or the like after releasing hydrogen chloride gas of this kind with waste plastic in a molten state, for example, JP-A-8-601
No. 68 is known. this is,
A preheating reactor and a molding machine are provided, and the preheating reactor melts, mixes, dechlorinates, and discharges waste plastic put into the melting and mixing chamber from the input port, and discharges it from the discharge port.
The flammable waste (dry combustible waste other than waste plastic) introduced from the waste inlet is stirred and mixed with the molten waste plastic pushed into the molding chamber from the outlet of the preheating reactor. Press and extrude from die.
【０００４】しかしながら、このような従来の廃プラス
チックの固形燃料化装置にあつては、次の技術的課題を
有している。 （１）予熱反応機において、塩化水素ガスが水蒸気と混
合した状態で放出されるため、処理すべきガスが大量と
なる。これにより、塩化水素ガスの処理装置を含む固形
燃料化装置が大形化するのみならず、固形燃料化の作業
能率が悪い。 （２）脱塩素を行なう必要がない廃プラスチックの場合
であつても同一の予熱反応機をそのまま使用することに
なるため、固形燃料化の作業能率が悪いのみならず、多
大のエネルギーを浪費することにもなる。However, such a conventional waste plastics solid fuel conversion apparatus has the following technical problems. (1) In the preheating reactor, hydrogen chloride gas is released in a state of being mixed with water vapor, so that a large amount of gas is to be treated. This not only increases the size of the solid fuel conversion device including the hydrogen chloride gas treatment device, but also degrades the efficiency of solid fuel conversion. (2) Even in the case of waste plastics that do not need to be dechlorinated, the same preheating reactor is used as it is, so that not only the work efficiency of solid fuel conversion is poor but also a large amount of energy is wasted. It will also be.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、このような従
来の技術的課題に鑑みてなされたもので、その構成は、
次の通りである。請求項１の発明は、所定の大きさに破
砕された状態で供給口２ａから供給される廃プラスチッ
クＰを、樹脂温度が１００〜１７０℃の範囲となるよう
に昇温させて、水蒸気をベント孔２ｃから外部に放出さ
せると共に、軟化した廃プラスチックＰを排出口２ｂか
ら排出させる押出機からなる減容化装置２と、減容化装
置２によつて軟化させた状態で供給口３ａから供給され
る廃プラスチックＰを、樹脂温度が２５０〜４００℃の
範囲となるように昇温させて、廃プラスチックＰに含ま
れるポリ塩化ビニールを熱分解させて生じた塩化水素ガ
スをベント孔３ｃから外部に放出させると共に、溶融し
た廃プラスチックＰを排出口３ｂから排出させる押出機
からなる脱塩素装置３と、脱塩素装置３のベント孔３ｃ
から放出される塩化水素ガスを中和させる塩化水素処理
装置５とを備え、前記減容化装置２及び脱塩素装置３の
少なくとも一方が２軸押出機によつて構成されているこ
とを特徴とする廃プラスチックの固形燃料化装置であ
る。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of such a conventional technical problem.
It is as follows. According to the first aspect of the present invention, the waste plastic P supplied from the supply port 2a in a state of being crushed to a predetermined size is heated so that the resin temperature is in a range of 100 to 170 ° C., and the steam is vented. A volume reducing device 2 composed of an extruder for discharging the softened waste plastic P from the discharge port 2b while discharging the waste plastic P from the hole 2c to the outside and a supply port 3a softened by the volume reducing device 2 are supplied. The waste plastic P to be heated is heated so that the resin temperature is in the range of 250 to 400 ° C., and hydrogen chloride gas generated by thermally decomposing polyvinyl chloride contained in the waste plastic P is discharged from the vent hole 3c to the outside. And a vent hole 3c of an extruder for discharging the molten waste plastic P from an outlet 3b.
A hydrogen chloride treatment device 5 for neutralizing the hydrogen chloride gas released from the apparatus, and at least one of the volume reduction device 2 and the dechlorination device 3 is constituted by a twin-screw extruder. This is a device for converting waste plastic into solid fuel.
【０００６】請求項２は、脱塩素装置３の排出口３ｂに
接続される造粒兼冷却・脱水装置４が備えられ、脱塩素
装置３の排出口３ｂから排出される廃プラスチックＰが
切断されると共に水冷・脱水されることを特徴とする請
求項１の廃プラスチックの固形燃料化装置である。According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a granulating / cooling / dewatering device 4 connected to the discharge port 3b of the dechlorination device 3, and the waste plastic P discharged from the discharge port 3b of the dechlorination device 3 is cut. The waste plastics solid fuel conversion device according to claim 1, wherein the waste plastics are cooled and dewatered.
【０００７】[0007]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の実施の形態につい
て図面を参照して説明する。図１は、本発明に係る廃プ
ラスチックの固形燃料化装置の１実施の形態を示す。固
形燃料化装置は、計量機１、減容化装置２、脱塩素装置
３、造粒兼冷却・脱水装置４及び塩化水素処理装置５を
主構成要素とする。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of an apparatus for converting waste plastic into solid fuel according to the present invention. The solid fuel conversion device has, as main components, a meter 1, a volume reduction device 2, a dechlorination device 3, a granulation / cooling / dehydrating device 4, and a hydrogen chloride treatment device 5.
【０００８】計量機１は、種々雑多な複合プラスチック
からなる廃プラスチックＰを計量し、その適量を減容化
装置２に連続的に供給する機能を有し、例えばスクリュ
フィーダによつて構成される。減容化装置２は、２本の
スクリュをバレル内に回転自在に備える２軸押出機によ
つて構成され、バレルの一端上部に供給口２ａを有し、
他端下部（又は側部）に排出口２ｂを有すると共に、加
熱装置としてのヒータ６をバレルの周囲に備えている。
排出口２ｂのダイ形状は、任意の形状を与え得るが、棒
状の成形品が得られるものでよい。The weighing machine 1 has a function of weighing waste plastics P composed of various composite plastics and continuously supplying an appropriate amount of the waste plastics P to the volume reducing device 2, and is constituted by, for example, a screw feeder. . The volume reducing device 2 is constituted by a twin-screw extruder having two screws rotatably provided in a barrel, and has a supply port 2a at one upper end of the barrel.
A discharge port 2b is provided at the lower end (or side) of the other end, and a heater 6 as a heating device is provided around the barrel.
The shape of the die of the discharge port 2b may be any shape, but a bar-shaped molded product may be obtained.
【０００９】減容化装置２は、廃プラスチックＰを減容
化させると共に水分を除去する機能を有し、ガス分を放
出させる脱気孔２ｃを有するベント式押出機となつてい
る。しかして、減容化装置２は、２本のスクリュによる
混練作用及びヒータ６による加熱により、廃プラスチッ
クＰの樹脂温度が１００〜１７０℃の範囲となるように
昇温させることができればよい。なお、減容化装置２に
２本のスクリュを備えさせる理由は、１本のスクリュを
用いた１軸押出機では、フィルム状の廃プラスチックが
噛み込まれ難く、減容化され難いためである。廃プラス
チックＰは、減容化装置２内においてこの所定温度（１
００〜１７０℃）に１〜１０分程度維持し、水分の十分
な蒸発を図ることが望まれる。The volume reducing device 2 has a function of reducing the volume of the waste plastic P and removing moisture, and is a vent type extruder having a deaeration hole 2c for releasing a gas component. Thus, the volume reducing device 2 only needs to be able to raise the temperature of the waste plastic P by the kneading action of the two screws and the heating by the heater 6 so that the resin temperature of the waste plastic P is in the range of 100 to 170 ° C. The reason why the two screws are provided in the volume reducing device 2 is that in a single-screw extruder using one screw, the film-shaped waste plastic is hardly caught and the volume is hardly reduced. . The waste plastic P is stored at the predetermined temperature (1
(0.degree.-170.degree. C.) for about 1-10 minutes to achieve sufficient evaporation of water.
【００１０】脱塩素装置３は、２本のスクリュをバレル
内に回転自在に備える２軸押出機によつて構成され、バ
レルの一端上部に供給口３ａを有し、他端側部に排出口
３ｂを有すると共に、加熱装置としてのヒータ７をバレ
ルの周囲に備えている。脱塩素装置３は、減容化装置２
の排出口２ｂから減容化されて排出される廃プラスチッ
クＰをそのままの状態で供給口３ａから受け入れて、更
に溶融・混練させると共に攪拌させて塩化水素ガスを放
出させる機能を有し、ガス分を放出させる脱気孔３ｃを
有するベント式押出機となつている。脱塩素装置３に２
本のスクリュを備えさせる理由は、１本のスクリュを用
いた１軸押出機では、十分な攪拌・混練が確保され難い
ためである。The dechlorination device 3 is constituted by a twin screw extruder having two screws rotatably provided in a barrel, having a supply port 3a at one upper end of the barrel and a discharge port at the other end. 3b and a heater 7 as a heating device is provided around the barrel. The dechlorination device 3 is a volume reduction device 2
Has the function of receiving the waste plastic P reduced in volume from the discharge port 2b and discharged from the supply port 3a as it is, and further melting and kneading and stirring to release hydrogen chloride gas. And a vented extruder having a deaeration hole 3c for discharging air. 2 for dechlorination unit 3
The reason why the screws are provided is that it is difficult for a single screw extruder using one screw to secure sufficient stirring and kneading.
【００１１】減容化装置２の排出口２ｂから排出される
廃プラスチックＰは、スクリュによる押し出し圧力を受
けているので、減容化装置２の排出口２ｂと脱塩素装置
３の供給口３ａとの間の供給路２３を単なる配管によつ
て形成し、廃プラスチックＰをそのままの状態で脱塩素
装置３に供給することができる。減容化装置２の排出口
２ｂから排出される廃プラスチックＰを、脱塩素装置３
の供給口３ａに自然落下させてもよい。なお、脱塩素装
置３の排出口３ｂのダイ形状は、任意の形状を与え得る
が、後述するように排出口３ｂに備えるカッタにより燃
料として扱い易いペレット状とした成形品を得るように
する。Since the waste plastic P discharged from the discharge port 2b of the volume reducing device 2 is subjected to the pushing pressure by the screw, the discharge port 2b of the volume reducing device 2 and the supply port 3a of the dechlorination device 3 Is formed by simple piping, and the waste plastic P can be supplied to the dechlorination apparatus 3 as it is. The waste plastic P discharged from the outlet 2b of the volume reduction device 2
May be naturally dropped on the supply port 3a of. The die of the outlet 3b of the dechlorinator 3 may have any shape. However, as will be described later, a molded product in the form of pellets that can be easily handled as fuel is obtained by using a cutter provided in the outlet 3b.
【００１２】脱塩素装置３は、廃プラスチックＰの樹脂
温度が２５０〜４００℃の範囲となるように昇温させ、
廃プラスチックＰに混入しているポリ塩化ビニールやポ
リ塩化ビニリデンを熱分解させ、塩化水素ガスとして回
収する。脱塩素装置３内の廃プラスチックＰは、この所
定温度に３〜１５分程度維持し、熱分解を促すことが望
まれる。但し、廃プラスチックＰの温度を上昇させ過ぎ
ると、プラスチック分が炭化したり、揮発減量が増加し
たりするので、好ましくない。The dechlorination device 3 raises the temperature of the waste plastic P so that the resin temperature is in the range of 250 to 400 ° C.
The polyvinyl chloride or polyvinylidene chloride mixed in the waste plastic P is thermally decomposed and recovered as hydrogen chloride gas. It is desired that the waste plastic P in the dechlorination apparatus 3 be maintained at the predetermined temperature for about 3 to 15 minutes to promote thermal decomposition. However, if the temperature of the waste plastic P is excessively increased, the plastic component is carbonized and the volatilization loss increases, which is not preferable.
【００１３】塩化水素処理装置５は、脱塩素装置３の脱
気孔３ｃから流出し、排気ポンプ１８によつて送気され
る塩化水素ガスを冷却して塩酸とした後に、水酸化ナト
リウム等のアルカリと反応させて中和させるもので構成
できる。また、造粒兼冷却・脱水装置４は、脱塩素装置
３の排出口３ｂから排出される溶融状態の廃プラスチッ
クＰをカッタによつて所定長さに切断すると共に水中で
冷却し、その後に脱水する機能を有する。かくして得ら
れる所定の大きさの廃プラスチックＰは、コンベヤー８
に乗せて容器９に投入し、必要に応じて梱包し、固形燃
料とされる。The hydrogen chloride treatment device 5 cools the hydrogen chloride gas flowing out of the degassing hole 3c of the dechlorination device 3 and sent by the exhaust pump 18 to hydrochloric acid, and then converts the gas to an alkali such as sodium hydroxide. And neutralized by reacting. The granulating / cooling / dewatering device 4 cuts the waste plastic P in a molten state discharged from the discharge port 3b of the dechlorination device 3 to a predetermined length by a cutter, cools it in water, and then dewaters it. It has a function to do. The waste plastic P of a predetermined size thus obtained is transferred to the conveyor 8.
And put it in the container 9 and pack it if necessary to obtain a solid fuel.
【００１４】次に作用について説明する。先ず、計量機
１に供給される廃プラスチックＰについて説明する。こ
の廃プラスチックＰは、図２に示すように都市ゴミや産
業廃棄物として廃棄されて非破砕状態の廃プラスチック
Ｐ1 をコンベヤー１０に乗せて破砕機１１に供給して破
砕し、減容化装置２に投入可能な所定の大きさの破砕済
みの廃プラスチックＰ2 を得る。この破砕済みの廃プラ
スチックＰ2 は、磁選機１２に通して鉄分を除去した後
に選別機１３に掛け、プラスチック以外の成分（鉄以外
の金属、ガラス、土砂等）を可及的に除去し、廃プラス
チックＰを得る。廃プラスチックＰは、コンベヤー１４
に乗せて貯留ホッパー１５に貯留させておく。Next, the operation will be described. First, the waste plastic P supplied to the weighing machine 1 will be described. The waste plastics P is crushed and supplied to the crusher 11 is discarded as municipal waste and industrial waste waste plastics P 1 of undisrupted state placed on a conveyor 10 as shown in FIG. 2, volume reduction device obtaining a predetermined capable poured into 2 size of the crushed pre waste plastic P 2. The crushed waste plastic P 2 is passed through a magnetic separator 12 to remove iron, and then passed through a separator 13 to remove components other than plastic (metal other than iron, glass, earth and sand, etc.) as much as possible. Obtain waste plastic P. Waste plastic P is transferred to conveyor 14
And stored in the storage hopper 15.
【００１５】このようにして得られた廃プラスチックＰ
は、必要量をコンベヤー１６に乗せて計量機１に導き、
計量機１によつて計量しながら減容化装置２の供給口２
ａに連続的に供給する。減容化装置２では、廃プラスチ
ックＰが同方向又は異方向に回転駆動される２本のスク
リュに噛み込まれて混練され、ヒータ６による加熱をも
受けながら次第に温度が上昇する。減容化装置２では、
廃プラスチックＰに含まれる水分が蒸発する温度、具体
的には樹脂温度が１００〜１７０℃の範囲になるように
昇温させる。これにより、廃プラスチックＰに含まれる
水分、その他の揮発成分が気化し、ベント孔２ｃから外
部に放出されると共に、軟化しながら容積が減少した廃
プラスチックＰが先端の排出口２ｂから押し出される。
この減容化した状態の廃プラスチックＰは、カッターに
よつて切断することなく、脱塩素装置３の供給口３ａに
連続的に供給される。このように、減容化装置２内の廃
プラスチックＰは、単に物理的形状や密度が変化するだ
けで、プラスチックの成分そのものに変化はない。The waste plastic P thus obtained
Leads the required amount to the weighing machine 1 on the conveyor 16,
Supply port 2 of volume reduction device 2 while weighing by weighing machine 1
a. In the volume reducing device 2, the waste plastic P is bitten and kneaded by two screws that are driven to rotate in the same direction or different directions, and the temperature gradually increases while being heated by the heater 6. In the volume reduction device 2,
The temperature at which the moisture contained in the waste plastic P evaporates, specifically, the temperature of the resin is raised so that the resin temperature falls within a range of 100 to 170 ° C. As a result, the moisture and other volatile components contained in the waste plastic P are vaporized and released to the outside through the vent hole 2c, and the waste plastic P whose volume has been reduced while being softened is pushed out from the outlet 2b at the tip.
The waste plastic P in the reduced volume is continuously supplied to the supply port 3a of the dechlorination device 3 without being cut by a cutter. As described above, the waste plastic P in the volume reduction device 2 merely changes its physical shape and density, but does not change the components of the plastic itself.
【００１６】脱塩素装置３では、軟化した状態の廃プラ
スチックＰが同方向又は異方向に回転駆動される２本の
スクリュに噛み込まれて攪拌を受け、ヒータ７による加
熱をも受けながら更に温度が上昇する。脱塩素装置３で
は、廃プラスチックＰに混在する塩素を含むポリ塩化ビ
ニール等が熱分解する温度、具体的には樹脂温度が２５
０〜４００℃の範囲になるようにし、塩化水素ガスを生
成させると同時に、十分な攪拌を与え、塩化水素ガス、
残余の水蒸気、ジメチルテレフタレート及びテレフター
ル酸等に対して脱気作用を与える。この塩化水素ガス等
は、排気ポンプ１８によつて引かれてベント孔３ｃから
流出し、図外のフィルターを通つて不純物が除去された
後、塩化水素処理装置５に流入する。塩化水素処理装置
５に流入した塩化水素ガスは、水に溶かして塩酸とした
後に、水酸化ナトリウム等のアルカリと反応させて中和
させる。一方、塩素分が除去された廃プラスチックＰ
は、高温になつて十分に溶融し、かさ密度が更に大きく
なつた状態で脱塩素装置３の排出口３ｂから連続的に固
形燃料として排出される。In the dechlorination apparatus 3, the waste plastic P in a softened state is bitten by two screws which are driven to rotate in the same direction or different directions, is stirred, and is further heated while being heated by the heater 7. Rises. In the dechlorination apparatus 3, the temperature at which polyvinyl chloride or the like containing chlorine mixed in the waste plastic P is thermally decomposed, specifically, the resin temperature is 25 ° C.
In the range of 0 to 400 ° C., hydrogen chloride gas is generated, and at the same time, sufficient stirring is given, and hydrogen chloride gas,
Degass the remaining water vapor, dimethyl terephthalate and terephthalic acid. The hydrogen chloride gas or the like is drawn by the exhaust pump 18 and flows out of the vent hole 3c, passes through a filter (not shown) to remove impurities, and then flows into the hydrogen chloride treatment device 5. The hydrogen chloride gas flowing into the hydrogen chloride treatment device 5 is dissolved in water to form hydrochloric acid, and then neutralized by reacting with an alkali such as sodium hydroxide. On the other hand, waste plastic P from which chlorine is removed
Is sufficiently melted at a high temperature, and is continuously discharged as a solid fuel from the discharge port 3b of the dechlorination apparatus 3 in a state where the bulk density is further increased.
【００１７】脱塩素装置３の排出口３ｂから連続的に排
出される廃プラスチックＰは、造粒兼冷却・脱水装置４
に導かれ、カッターによつて所定長さに切断されると共
に、水中で冷却・固化された後に脱水される。造粒兼冷
却・脱水装置４で脱水された後の廃プラスチックＰは、
固形燃料として使用に供される。この廃プラスチックＰ
は、必要に応じてコンベヤー８に乗せて容器９に搬送す
る。このようにして減容化装置２及び脱塩素装置３を順
次に通過させ、２段階に十分な溶融を受けた後に得られ
る廃プラスチックＰからなる固形燃料は、その後に形状
が壊れ難く、輸送及び取扱いに便宜である。The waste plastic P continuously discharged from the discharge port 3b of the dechlorination device 3 is granulated and cooled / dewatered by a dewatering device 4.
And is cut into a predetermined length by a cutter, cooled and solidified in water, and then dehydrated. The waste plastic P after being dewatered by the granulation / cooling / dewatering device 4 is
Used as a solid fuel. This waste plastic P
Is transported to a container 9 on a conveyor 8 as necessary. In this way, the solid fuel composed of the waste plastic P obtained after passing through the volume reducing device 2 and the dechlorinating device 3 and undergoing sufficient melting in two stages is hardly deformed thereafter, and is transported and processed. It is convenient for handling.
【００１８】このようにして製造された廃プラスチック
の固形燃料は、廃プラスチックのみからなり、予め脱塩
素が施された固形燃料が得られるので、クリーン燃料と
して広い用途が得られると共に、ボイラー等での燃焼時
に腐食性ガス、有毒ガス発生の原因となることが防止さ
れる。これにより、熱回収時にボイラのスーパーヒータ
による過熱蒸気の温度を高く設定（５００℃）できるよ
うになり、熱交換効率を高くできると共に、発電への利
用に際して発電効率が高くなり、経済性に優れる。The waste plastic solid fuel produced in this way is made of only waste plastic, and a solid fuel which has been dechlorinated in advance can be obtained, so that it can be used widely as a clean fuel and can be used in a boiler or the like. It is possible to prevent corrosive gas and toxic gas from being generated during combustion. As a result, the temperature of the superheated steam by the super heater of the boiler can be set high (500 ° C.) at the time of heat recovery, so that the heat exchange efficiency can be increased, and the power generation efficiency when used for power generation is increased, and the economy is excellent. .
【００１９】ところで、上記１実施の形態にあつては、
減容化装置２及び脱塩素装置３の両者を２軸押出機によ
つて構成したが、フィルム状の廃プラスチックの噛み込
みを促し、廃プラスチックＰに十分な溶融を受けさせた
固形燃料が得られればよく、一方を２軸押出機によつて
構成し、他方を１本のスクリュを備える１軸押出機によ
つて構成することもできる。By the way, in the first embodiment,
Although both the volume reduction device 2 and the dechlorination device 3 are constituted by a twin-screw extruder, a bite of the film-like waste plastic is promoted, and a solid fuel obtained by sufficiently melting the waste plastic P is obtained. One may be constituted by a twin-screw extruder, and the other may be constituted by a single-screw extruder provided with one screw.
【００２０】[0020]
【発明の効果】以上の説明によつて理解されるように、
本発明に係る廃プラスチックの固形燃料化装置によれ
ば、下記の効果を奏することができる。請求項１に係る
発明によれば、減容化装置及び脱塩素装置の両者が備え
られ、減容化装置において予め水蒸気が良好に除去され
ると共に軟化・減容化した状態の廃プラスチックが脱塩
素装置に供給され、脱塩素装置において廃プラスチック
に含まれるポリ塩化ビニールが熱分解されて塩化水素ガ
スを生じ、この塩化水素ガスをベント孔から外部に放出
させる。このように、水蒸気及び塩化水素ガスを選択的
に分別除去するので、小形の塩化水素処理装置によつて
塩化水素ガスを能率的に除去することができる。加え
て、脱塩素を行なう必要のない廃プラスチックの場合に
は、脱塩素装置への供給を省略して、減容化装置から排
出される減容化した廃プラスチックをそのまま固形燃料
とすることができるので、廃プラスチックの固形燃料を
高能率で製造することができる。As will be understood from the above description,
According to the waste plastics solid fuel conversion device of the present invention, the following effects can be obtained. According to the first aspect of the present invention, both the volume reduction device and the dechlorination device are provided, and in the volume reduction device, the waste plastic in a state in which water vapor is well removed in advance and softened and reduced in volume is removed. The polyvinyl chloride contained in the waste plastic is supplied to a chlorine device and decomposed, and the polyvinyl chloride contained in the waste plastic is thermally decomposed to generate hydrogen chloride gas. The hydrogen chloride gas is released from the vent hole to the outside. As described above, since the water vapor and the hydrogen chloride gas are selectively separated and removed, the hydrogen chloride gas can be efficiently removed by the small-sized hydrogen chloride treatment device. In addition, in the case of waste plastics that do not need to be dechlorinated, supply to the dechlorination unit can be omitted, and the reduced waste plastic discharged from the volume reduction unit can be used directly as solid fuel. As a result, waste plastic solid fuel can be produced with high efficiency.
【図１】 本発明の１実施の形態に係る廃プラスチック
の固形燃料化装置を示す図。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an apparatus for converting waste plastic into solid fuel according to one embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】 同じく廃プラスチックの処理工程を示す図。FIG. 2 is a view showing a process for treating waste plastic.
１：計量機、２：減容化装置、２ａ：供給口、２ｂ：排
出口、２ｃ：ベント孔、３：脱塩素装置、３ａ：供給
口、３ｂ：排出口、３ｃ：ベント孔、４：造粒兼冷却・
脱水装置、５：塩化水素処理装置、６，７：ヒータ（加
熱装置）、８：コンベヤー、９：容器、１０：コンベヤ
ー、１１：破砕機、１２：磁選機、１３：選別機、１
４：コンベヤー、１５：貯留ホッパー、１６：コンベヤ
ー、１８：排気ポンプ、２３：供給路、Ｐ：廃プラスチ
ック。1: weighing machine, 2: volume reduction device, 2a: supply port, 2b: discharge port, 2c: vent hole, 3: dechlorination device, 3a: supply port, 3b: discharge port, 3c: vent hole, 4: Granulation and cooling
Dehydration device, 5: hydrogen chloride treatment device, 6, 7: heater (heating device), 8: conveyor, 9: container, 10: conveyor, 11: crusher, 12: magnetic separator, 13: separator, 1
4: Conveyor, 15: Storage hopper, 16: Conveyor, 18: Exhaust pump, 23: Supply path, P: Waste plastic.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 伝田 六郎 東京都府中市日鋼町１番１ 株式会社日本 製鋼所内 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Rokuro Denda 1-1, Nikko-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo Inside the Japan Steel Works, Ltd.
Claims (2)
（２ａ）から供給される廃プラスチック（Ｐ）を、樹脂
温度が１００〜１７０℃の範囲となるように昇温させ
て、水蒸気をベント孔（２ｃ）から外部に放出させると
共に、軟化した廃プラスチック（Ｐ）を排出口（２ｂ）
から排出させる押出機からなる減容化装置（２）と、減
容化装置（２）によつて軟化させた状態で供給口（３
ａ）から供給される廃プラスチック（Ｐ）を、樹脂温度
が２５０〜４００℃の範囲となるように昇温させて、廃
プラスチック（Ｐ）に含まれるポリ塩化ビニールを熱分
解させて生じた塩化水素ガスをベント孔（３ｃ）から外
部に放出させると共に、溶融した廃プラスチック（Ｐ）
を排出口（３ｂ）から排出させる押出機からなる脱塩素
装置（３）と、脱塩素装置（３）のベント孔（３ｃ）か
ら放出される塩化水素ガスを中和させる塩化水素処理装
置（５）とを備え、前記減容化装置（２）及び脱塩素装
置（３）の少なくとも一方が２軸押出機によつて構成さ
れていることを特徴とする廃プラスチックの固形燃料化
装置。1. A waste plastic (P) supplied from a supply port (2a) in a state of being crushed to a predetermined size is heated so that a resin temperature is in a range of 100 to 170 ° C. Is discharged to the outside through the vent hole (2c), and the softened waste plastic (P) is discharged to the discharge port (2b).
(2) consisting of an extruder for discharging from the outlet, and a supply port (3) softened by the volume reducing device (2).
The waste plastic (P) supplied from (a) is heated so that the resin temperature is in the range of 250 to 400 ° C., and chloride generated by thermally decomposing polyvinyl chloride contained in the waste plastic (P). Hydrogen gas is released from the vent hole (3c) to the outside, and molten waste plastic (P)
Device (3) composed of an extruder for discharging water from an outlet (3b), and a hydrogen chloride treatment device (5) for neutralizing hydrogen chloride gas discharged from a vent hole (3c) of the dechlorination device (3). ), Wherein at least one of the volume reduction device (2) and the dechlorination device (3) is constituted by a twin-screw extruder.
続される造粒兼冷却・脱水装置（４）が備えられ、脱塩
素装置（３）の排出口（３ｂ）から排出される廃プラス
チック（Ｐ）が切断されると共に水冷・脱水されること
を特徴とする請求項１の廃プラスチックの固形燃料化装
置。2. A granulating / cooling / dehydrating device (4) connected to an outlet (3b) of the dechlorinator (3) is provided, and is discharged from an outlet (3b) of the dechlorinator (3). The solid waste fuel conversion apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the waste plastic (P) is cut and water-cooled / dewatered.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP22199697A JP3607051B2 (en) | 1997-08-04 | 1997-08-04 | Waste plastics into solid fuel |
| KR1019980031466A KR19990023301A (en) | 1997-08-04 | 1998-08-03 | Solid fueling device of waste plastic |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP22199697A JP3607051B2 (en) | 1997-08-04 | 1997-08-04 | Waste plastics into solid fuel |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH1150072A true JPH1150072A (en) | 1999-02-23 |
| JP3607051B2 JP3607051B2 (en) | 2005-01-05 |
Family
ID=16775464
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP22199697A Expired - Fee Related JP3607051B2 (en) | 1997-08-04 | 1997-08-04 | Waste plastics into solid fuel |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3607051B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR19990023301A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007217640A (en) * | 2006-02-20 | 2007-08-30 | Japan Steel Works Ltd:The | Method for controlling stopping time of apparatus for forming solid fuel |
| JP2008307775A (en) * | 2007-06-14 | 2008-12-25 | Japan Steel Works Ltd:The | Apparatus for recovering granule in dechlorination facilities |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100599377B1 (en) * | 2004-04-13 | 2006-07-12 | 한국에너지기술연구원 | Dechlorination System by Indirect Heating for Removal of Chlorine From Mixed Polymer Wastes Including PVC |
| CN104004564A (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2014-08-27 | 李先强 | Production method of mixed garbage fuel rods |
| KR102335513B1 (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-12-06 | 김돈한 | Non-flow type waste plastic rapid pyrolysis device and system capable of continuous operation |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2648412B2 (en) * | 1991-10-18 | 1997-08-27 | 工業技術院長 | Method and apparatus for treating mixed plastic waste |
| JPH08108164A (en) * | 1994-10-12 | 1996-04-30 | Motoda Electron Co Ltd | Treatment method by thermal decomposition of synthetic resin waste containing chlorine without generating dioxin |
| JP3714743B2 (en) * | 1996-11-07 | 2005-11-09 | 株式会社タクマ | Solid fuel production equipment |
-
1997
- 1997-08-04 JP JP22199697A patent/JP3607051B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-08-03 KR KR1019980031466A patent/KR19990023301A/en active IP Right Grant
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007217640A (en) * | 2006-02-20 | 2007-08-30 | Japan Steel Works Ltd:The | Method for controlling stopping time of apparatus for forming solid fuel |
| JP4585466B2 (en) * | 2006-02-20 | 2010-11-24 | 株式会社日本製鋼所 | Control method for stopping solid fuel generator |
| JP2008307775A (en) * | 2007-06-14 | 2008-12-25 | Japan Steel Works Ltd:The | Apparatus for recovering granule in dechlorination facilities |
| JP4589944B2 (en) * | 2007-06-14 | 2010-12-01 | 株式会社日本製鋼所 | Granulated material recovery equipment in dechlorination equipment |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3607051B2 (en) | 2005-01-05 |
| KR19990023301A (en) | 1999-03-25 |
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