JPH1146585A - Promotion of growing of plant, and apparatus therefor - Google Patents
Promotion of growing of plant, and apparatus thereforInfo
- Publication number
- JPH1146585A JPH1146585A JP18098A JP18098A JPH1146585A JP H1146585 A JPH1146585 A JP H1146585A JP 18098 A JP18098 A JP 18098A JP 18098 A JP18098 A JP 18098A JP H1146585 A JPH1146585 A JP H1146585A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- combustion
- greenhouse
- temperature
- plant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Greenhouses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明はイチゴ，メロン，ブ
ドウ等の果実、キュウリ，ナス，ニラ等の野菜、キキョ
ウ等の花卉等の各種植物を、植物栽培用温室内で促成栽
培するための栽培促進装置に関する。The present invention relates to cultivation for forcing cultivation of fruits such as strawberries, melons and grapes, vegetables such as cucumbers, eggplants and chives, and various plants such as flowers of Japanese caramel in a greenhouse for plant cultivation. Related to a facilitating device.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、上記した各種植物をビニールハウ
スやガラス張り温室等の栽培用温室（以下「温室」とい
う）内で促成栽培する際、昼間は温室内が所定温度以下
に下がった場合の加温、夜間は温室内を所定温度以上に
維持するための暖房として使用するべく、重油燃焼装置
からなる暖房機からの温風をダクトを介して温室内に供
給し、温室内を高温環境下に維持する方法が採られてい
る。また近年においては、植物の光合成の増進にＣＯ2
（炭酸ガス）が関与することが知見され、上記暖房機と
共にＣＯ2 発生装置を併用することが提案されている。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, when forcing cultivation of the above-mentioned various plants in a greenhouse for cultivation (hereinafter referred to as a "greenhouse") such as a greenhouse or a glass-covered greenhouse, the temperature of the greenhouse falls below a predetermined temperature during the daytime. At night, in order to use it as heating to maintain the greenhouse above a predetermined temperature at night, hot air from a heater consisting of a heavy oil combustion device is supplied into the greenhouse through a duct, and the greenhouse is exposed to a high temperature environment. The method of maintaining is adopted. In recent years, CO 2 has been promoted to enhance photosynthesis in plants.
It has been found that (carbon dioxide) is involved, and it has been proposed to use a CO 2 generator together with the heater.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし乍ら上記暖房機
による温風の強制供給は、温室内を高温環境に維持する
ことで花房の発育を促進して、収穫量の増加や品質の向
上に一定の効果を奏するものの、植物の光合成について
は影響が少ない、すなわち、昼間の太陽光による光反応
（光合成の明反応）には温度の影響が少ないため、収穫
量増加や品質の向上には限界があり、また過剰暖房によ
り緑葉の乾燥や老化、病気の発生等の逆効果の虞れもあ
る。However, the forced supply of warm air by the above-described heater promotes the development of inflorescences by maintaining the greenhouse in a high-temperature environment, thereby increasing the yield and improving the quality. Although it has a certain effect, it has little effect on the photosynthesis of plants, that is, it has little effect on temperature in the daylight sunlight photoreaction (light reaction of photosynthesis). In addition, overheating may cause adverse effects such as drying and aging of green leaves and occurrence of diseases.
【０００４】一方、従来のＣＯ2 供給方式は、昼間の太
陽光による光合成（前述の明反応）を補助するべく、換
気等によりＣＯ2 が不足する昼間の温室内に所定量のＣ
Ｏ2を補給するものであって、前記明反応は光化学反応
であり本質的にはＣＯ2 濃度の影響が少ないことから鑑
みれば、収穫量増加、品質向上については限界があると
考えられる。またＣＯ2 を温風ガスによって強制的に温
室内に供給する方式であるため、ＣＯ2 の過剰供給によ
り緑葉が過繁茂となって花房の発育に影響が生じる、不
受精果の発生が多くなるなどの問題もあるばかりか、温
室内の植物に対するＣＯ2 の均一な供給が困難であり、
コスト面からも改良の余地があった。On the other hand, in the conventional CO 2 supply system, a predetermined amount of C 2 is supplied in a daytime greenhouse in which CO 2 is insufficient due to ventilation or the like in order to assist photosynthesis (daylight reaction) by sunlight in the daytime.
O 2 is replenished, and the light reaction is a photochemical reaction, and it is considered that there is a limit in increasing the yield and improving the quality in view of the fact that the influence of the CO 2 concentration is essentially small. In addition, since CO 2 is forcibly supplied into the greenhouse by hot air gas, excessive supply of CO 2 causes overgrowth of green leaves, which affects the development of inflorescences. Not only is there a problem such as that, it is difficult to supply CO 2 uniformly to plants in the greenhouse,
There was also room for improvement in terms of cost.
【０００５】本発明は上述した従来事情に鑑みてなされ
たものであり、その目的とする処は、植物の光合成作用
を大幅に促進させて、従来の温風供給方式やＣＯ2 供給
方式で得られる以上の収穫量の増加、品質の向上を図る
ことができる栽培促進方法とその装置を提供することに
ある。The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional circumstances, and an object thereof is to greatly promote the photosynthetic action of plants and to obtain a conventional hot air supply system or CO 2 supply system. It is an object of the present invention to provide a cultivation promotion method and a device capable of increasing the yield and improving the quality more than possible.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】本願発明者等は長年イチ
ゴを用いて、果実，野菜，花卉等の植物における光合成
反応について研究を続けてきた。また光合成が、水を光
分解する明反応と、炭酸ガスを還元する暗反応との二つ
の過程に分けられ、明反応が光化学反応であって温度や
ＣＯ2 濃度の影響を大きく受けないことに対し、暗反応
は光を必要としない化学反応で温度やＣＯ2 濃度の影響
を強く受けるという知見に基づき、前記暗反応に注目し
てさらに鋭意研究を続けた。その結果、暗反応を促進す
ることが明反応の増進に結び付き、収穫量の増加と品質
向上に極めて効果的であること、並びに暗反応の促進に
は、夜間において、植物に対してやさしく時間をかけて
ゆっくりとＣＯ2 や水分を供給し且つ温度を所定範囲内
に調整することが重要であり、これにはＬＰガスを所定
条件で燃焼し、温室内の環境を整えることが効果的であ
ること等を見い出して、本発明を完成するに至った。Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors have been studying photosynthetic reactions in plants such as fruits, vegetables and flowers using strawberries for many years. In addition, photosynthesis is divided into two processes, a light reaction that photolyzes water and a dark reaction that reduces carbon dioxide gas.The light reaction is a photochemical reaction that is not greatly affected by temperature or CO 2 concentration. On the other hand, based on the finding that the dark reaction is a chemical reaction that does not require light and is strongly affected by the temperature and the CO 2 concentration, the inventors have continued their further studies focusing on the dark reaction. As a result, promoting the dark response leads to an increase in the light response, which is extremely effective in increasing the yield and improving the quality, and in promoting the dark response, gently spending time on the plants at night. It is important to supply CO 2 and moisture slowly and adjust the temperature within a predetermined range, and it is effective to burn LP gas under predetermined conditions and prepare the environment in the greenhouse. The inventors have found that the present invention has been completed.
【０００７】すなわち本発明は、温室内でＬＰガスを燃
焼させて該温室内の環境を制御する植物の栽培促進方法
であって、前記ＬＰガスの燃焼を夜間に行って緑葉及び
花房近傍の温度を所定範囲内に制御すると共に、燃焼ガ
スに含まれるＣＯ2 を緑葉及び花房に向けて供給して該
緑葉及び花房近傍のＣＯ2 濃度を明け方に向けて漸増さ
せることを特徴とする。[0007] That is, the present invention is a method for promoting cultivation of plants, in which LP gas is burned in a greenhouse to control the environment in the greenhouse, wherein the LP gas is burned at night and the temperature near green leaves and flower clusters is increased. Is controlled within a predetermined range, and CO 2 contained in the combustion gas is supplied to the green leaves and inflorescence to gradually increase the CO 2 concentration in the vicinity of the green leaves and inflorescence toward dawn.
【０００８】上記方法の採用により、温室で促成栽培す
る植物の収穫量及びその品質が、従来の促成栽培方法に
よるものに比べて優れた効果が得られる理由は必ずしも
明らかではないが、以下のように推測できる。すなわ
ち、ＬＰガスが燃焼した際の燃焼ガスの放出により所定
量の炭酸ガス（ＣＯ2 ）と水分（Ｈ2 Ｏ）が反応する
が、その燃焼を夜間に行って、緑葉及び花房近傍の温度
を制御すると共に、緑葉及び花房近傍に向けて適量のＣ
Ｏ2 を供給した場合、燃焼ガスに含まれる適量のＣＯ2
と水分が緑葉及び花房に向けて優しく且つ時間をかけて
ゆっくりと供給される環境が形成され、この環境が植物
の暗反応の促進に有効に機能し、夜が明けて周囲が明る
くなるのとほぼ同時に活発な明反応を行うのに十分な準
備がなされると考えられる。しかも緑葉及び花房近傍に
は、活発な明反応に対応するに十分な量のＣＯ2 が蓄積
されており、夜が明けて周囲が明るくなるのとほぼ同時
に活発な明反応が開始され、これら活発な暗反応と明反
応の相乗効果により花房の発育が大幅に促進し、本発明
の課題を達成できると考えられる。[0008] It is not clear why the above method is used to obtain excellent effects on the yield and quality of plants forcibly cultivated in a greenhouse as compared with the conventional forced cultivation method. Can be guessed. That is, a predetermined amount of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) reacts with water (H 2 O) due to the release of the combustion gas when the LP gas is burned, but the combustion is performed at night to reduce the temperature near the green leaves and flower clusters. Control, and an appropriate amount of C
When O 2 is supplied, an appropriate amount of CO 2 contained in the combustion gas
An environment is formed in which water is supplied gently and slowly over time to green leaves and inflorescences, and this environment effectively functions to promote the dark response of plants, and at night it becomes brighter at night. At the same time, it is thought that sufficient preparation is made for a vigorous light reaction. In addition, a sufficient amount of CO 2 is accumulated in the vicinity of the green leaves and inflorescences to cope with the active light reaction, and an active light reaction is started almost at the same time when the surroundings become bright at dawn. It is considered that the development of flower clusters is greatly promoted by a synergistic effect of a dark reaction and a light reaction, thereby achieving the object of the present invention.
【０００９】緑葉及び花房に向けて供給するＣＯ2 量
は、理想気体の標準状態（ＳＴＰ）で１６００〜２２０
０ｐｐｍ／時間であることが好ましく、この範囲の時、
燃焼ガスに含まれる適量のＣＯ2 と水分が緑葉及び花房
に向けて優しく且つ時間をかけてゆっくりと供給される
環境が形成されると考えられる。また、活発な明反応に
対応するに十分な量のＣＯ2 としては、明け方付近にお
ける緑葉及び花房近傍のＣＯ2 濃度が１００００ｐｐｍ
程度又はそれ以上とすることが好ましい。緑葉及び花房
近傍の温度が５℃を下回ると暗反応の促進に影響を及ぼ
し、また１１℃を越えると過剰暖房となって好ましくな
い。よって、ＬＰガスの燃焼によって温室内の温度を５
〜１１℃の範囲に保つことが好ましく、より好ましい温
度範囲は６〜１０℃である。このような条件でＬＰガス
を燃焼させるには、例えば２０坪に１台程度の割合で小
型のＬＰガス燃焼装置（ガスバーナー）を設置すること
が、本発明の課題を達成する上で、より好ましい。The amount of CO 2 supplied to the green leaves and inflorescences is 1600 to 220 in the ideal gas standard state (STP).
0 ppm / hour is preferable, and in this range,
It is considered that an environment is formed in which an appropriate amount of CO 2 and moisture contained in the combustion gas are supplied to the green leaves and inflorescence gently and slowly over time. In addition, as a sufficient amount of CO 2 to cope with an active light reaction, the CO 2 concentration in the vicinity of green leaves and inflorescence near dawn is 10,000 ppm.
It is preferable that the degree is higher. If the temperature in the vicinity of the green leaves and inflorescences is lower than 5 ° C., it will affect the promotion of the dark reaction, and if it exceeds 11 ° C., excessive heating will occur, which is not preferable. Therefore, the temperature in the greenhouse is reduced by 5 by combustion of LP gas.
It is preferable to keep the temperature in the range of １１11 ° C., and the more preferable temperature range is 6〜１０10 ° C. In order to burn LP gas under such conditions, for example, it is necessary to install a small LP gas combustion device (gas burner) at a rate of about one in 20 tsubo in order to achieve the object of the present invention. preferable.
【００１０】上述した本発明の方法を実施する装置の一
例として、温室内の植物の緑葉及び花房の周辺（例えば
上方）に設置されるＬＰガス燃焼装置と、該燃焼装置の
燃焼筒の頂部上方に設置され同燃焼装置から放出される
燃焼ガスを下方へ拡散させる拡散板とを有し、前記ＬＰ
ガス燃焼装置を夜間に燃焼させ、理想気体の標準状態
（ＳＴＰ）で１６００〜２２００ｐｐｍ／時間のＣＯ2
を前記緑葉及び花房に向けて供給する装置があげられ
る。上記拡散板の裏面には、上記燃焼筒頂部から放出さ
れる燃焼ガスを水平方向へ渦巻き状に拡散させるらせん
状のスリット又は突条を設けることが好ましい。また上
記ＬＰガス燃焼装置の夜間運転により緑葉及び花房近傍
のＣＯ2 濃度が漸増し明け方付近に１００００ｐｐｍ程
度又はそれ以上となるよう同ＬＰガス燃焼装置を所定時
間運転させるコントロールユニットを有し、該コントロ
ールユニットは、ＬＰガス燃焼装置の燃焼終了時刻にお
いて、前記緑葉及び花房近傍の温度が５℃付近である場
合、該運転終了時刻を所定時間遅らせる遅延手段を備え
ていることが好ましい。As an example of an apparatus for carrying out the above-described method of the present invention, an LP gas combustion apparatus installed around (for example, above) green leaves and inflorescences of plants in a greenhouse, and an upper part of a combustion cylinder of the combustion apparatus A diffusion plate installed in the combustion apparatus to diffuse combustion gas emitted from the combustion apparatus downward, wherein the LP
The gas-burning apparatus is burned at night and CO 2 of 1600 to 2200 ppm / hour in a standard state (STP) of an ideal gas.
To the green leaves and inflorescences. It is preferable that a spiral slit or a ridge for spirally diffusing the combustion gas discharged from the top of the combustion cylinder in the horizontal direction is provided on the back surface of the diffusion plate. A control unit for operating the LP gas combustion apparatus for a predetermined time so that the CO 2 concentration in the vicinity of the green leaves and the inflorescence gradually increases due to night operation of the LP gas combustion apparatus and becomes about 10,000 ppm or more near dawn; It is preferable that the unit includes a delay unit that delays the operation end time by a predetermined time when the temperature near the green leaves and the inflorescence is around 5 ° C. at the combustion end time of the LP gas combustion device.
【００１１】本発明の装置は上述の如く、温室内でＬＰ
ガスを燃焼させて該温室内の環境を調節するものである
が、ここで、従来の重油燃焼方式と同様に、ＬＰガスを
温室外で燃焼させその燃焼ガスを温室内に供給するよう
にすることも考えられる。しかし乍ら本発明はＬＰガス
を燃焼させるものであり、その燃焼ガスには有害成分が
ほとんど含まれていない。従って、重油燃焼方式のよう
に燃焼ガスに有害成分が含まれるため温室内で燃焼させ
る事ができず、室外で燃焼させて温風のみをダクトや送
風機等を介して温室内に強制的に供給する大掛かりな設
備を必要とし、且つ強制送風のため植物に対して好まし
いとは言えない従来方式の不具合を解消し得る。すなわ
ち、燃焼手段を温室内に設置して燃焼ガスを温室内に直
接供給できるので簡便な装置構成とし得、しかもダクト
や送風機を用いることなく自然対流接触式で燃焼ガスに
含まれる炭酸ガスと水分を供給出来るので、植物に対し
て優しい環境を作ることができる。[0011] As described above, the apparatus of the present invention can be used in a greenhouse in an LP.
The environment in the greenhouse is adjusted by burning the gas. Here, similarly to the conventional heavy oil combustion system, the LP gas is burned outside the greenhouse and the combustion gas is supplied to the greenhouse. It is also possible. However, the present invention burns LP gas, and the combustion gas contains almost no harmful components. Therefore, combustion gas cannot be burned in a greenhouse because it contains harmful components as in the heavy oil combustion system, and it is burned outdoors and only hot air is forcibly supplied to the greenhouse via a duct or blower. It is possible to eliminate the disadvantages of the conventional system which requires large-scale equipment and is not preferable for plants due to forced air blowing. That is, since the combustion means can be installed in the greenhouse and the combustion gas can be supplied directly into the greenhouse, a simple device configuration can be achieved, and the carbon dioxide and moisture contained in the combustion gas can be obtained by natural convection contact without using a duct or a blower. Can provide a friendly environment for plants.
【００１２】本発明におけるＬＰガス燃焼のためのより
具体的な構成としては、温室内に設置した燃焼装置の着
火／消火を人手により行うことも可能であるが、例え
ば、装置運転のための省力化，少人化やランニングコス
ト等の点から、コントロールユニットにより、ＬＰガス
燃焼装置の運転開始／停止を自動制御する構成を採用す
ることもできる。具体的には、温室内の植物の緑葉及び
花房の周辺、例えば上方にＬＰガス燃焼装置を設置する
と共に、該燃焼装置の自動着火機構及び自動消火機構と
それら両機構の作動を制御する制御部並びに温室内温度
検出手段等を有するコントロールユニットを適所に配備
し、該コントロールユニットにより前記ＬＰガス燃焼装
置の夜間運転を自動制御するようにする。As a more specific configuration for the LP gas combustion in the present invention, it is possible to manually ignite / extinguish a combustion device installed in a greenhouse. From the viewpoints of downsizing, downsizing, running costs, and the like, it is also possible to adopt a configuration in which the control unit automatically controls the start / stop of the operation of the LP gas combustion device. Specifically, an LP gas combustion device is installed around, for example, above the green leaves and inflorescences of the plants in the greenhouse, and an automatic ignition mechanism and an automatic fire extinguishing mechanism of the combustion device and a control unit that controls the operations of both mechanisms. In addition, a control unit having a greenhouse temperature detecting means and the like is provided at an appropriate position, and the night operation of the LP gas combustion device is automatically controlled by the control unit.
【００１３】ここで、燃焼装置によるＬＰガスの燃焼を
コントロールユニットにより自動制御するとは、例え
ば、制御部により自動着火装置を作動させて燃焼装置を
運転させる時刻（運転開始時刻）、同制御部により自動
消火装置を作動させて燃焼装置の運転を停止させる時刻
（運転終了時刻）を適宜に設定し、燃焼装置の運転開始
と終了を自動的に行うことをいう。Here, the automatic control of the combustion of the LP gas by the combustion device by the control unit means, for example, a time when the control device activates the automatic ignition device to operate the combustion device (operation start time). It means that the time when the operation of the combustion apparatus is stopped by operating the automatic fire extinguishing apparatus (operation end time) is appropriately set, and the operation start and end of the combustion apparatus are automatically performed.
【００１４】このように、ＬＰガス燃焼装置を運転開始
時刻に自動着火して運転を開始し、運転終了時刻まで連
続して運転させ、且つ温室内へのＣＯ2 の供給量や温室
内の温度を本発明の規定範囲に制御するには、温室の大
きさや保温能力，気密能力、畝の寸法、燃焼装置の設置
箇所やＬＰガス燃焼によるＣＯ2 の対流等の各種条件を
勘案して、所定の燃焼能力を有する燃焼装置を適宜数用
い、適所に設置すれば良い。As described above, the LP gas combustion device is automatically ignited at the operation start time to start the operation, is continuously operated until the operation end time, and supplies the CO 2 to the greenhouse and the temperature in the greenhouse. Is controlled within the specified range of the present invention by taking into account various conditions such as the size of the greenhouse, the heat retention capacity, the airtight capacity, the size of the ridge, the installation location of the combustion device, and the convection of CO 2 by LP gas combustion. It is sufficient to use an appropriate number of combustion devices having the above combustion capacity and to install them in appropriate places.
【００１５】しかし乍ら、温室内の温度は、温室内の状
況変化によって左右されることもあるので、上記コント
ロールユニットに、下記の調節手段を装備せしめると好
ましい。すなわち上記コントロールユニットには、温室
内温度検出手段からの検出信号に基づき、上記運転開始
時刻から終了時刻の間であっても、上記緑葉・花房近傍
の温度が本発明の規定温度の上限（１１℃）に近付いた
場合にＬＰガス燃焼装置の燃焼量を低減させたりその運
転を停止すると共に、上記緑葉・花房近傍の温度が本発
明の規定温度の下限（５℃）に近付いた場合にＬＰガス
燃焼装置の燃焼量を増加させたりその運転を再開する温
度調節手段を装備せしめると良い。However, the temperature in the greenhouse may be affected by changes in the state of the greenhouse. Therefore, it is preferable to equip the control unit with the following adjusting means. That is, based on the detection signal from the greenhouse temperature detecting means, the control unit determines whether the temperature in the vicinity of the green leaves / flowers is within the upper limit (11) of the specified temperature of the present invention even during the operation start time to the end time. ° C), the amount of combustion of the LP gas combustion device is reduced or its operation is stopped, and when the temperature near the green leaves / flowers approaches the lower limit (5 ° C) of the specified temperature of the present invention, LP is decreased. It is preferable to provide a temperature control means for increasing the amount of combustion of the gas combustion device or restarting its operation.
【００１６】尚、上記燃焼装置の運転開始時刻は植物の
暗反応が開始されると想定される所定時刻（日没後の所
定時間経過時）、運転終了時刻は植物の明反応が開始さ
れると想定される時刻（日の出後の所定時間経過時）
で、且つＳＴＰ１６００〜２２００ｐｐｍ／時間のＣＯ
2 を供給し、明け方付近における緑葉及び花房近傍のＣ
Ｏ2 濃度が１００００ｐｐｍ程度又はそれ以上となるよ
うに設定されるが、冬季においては日の出から所定時間
経過しても外気温が上がらず、燃焼装置の運転を停止す
ると温室内が５℃を下回る場合も考えられる。そこで上
記コントロールユニットには、上記運転終了時刻におけ
る温室内温度が５℃付近の場合に、引き続き１〜３時間
程度運転終了時刻を遅らせる遅延手段を装備せしめると
良い。The operation start time of the combustion device is a predetermined time when a dark reaction of the plant is assumed to start (when a predetermined time has elapsed after sunset), and the operation end time is when a light reaction of the plant starts. Expected time (when a predetermined time has elapsed after sunrise)
And CO of STP 1600-2200 ppm / hour
2 to give green leaves near dawn and C near inflorescences
Although the O 2 concentration is set to be 10000ppm about or more, the outside temperature does not rise even after the lapse of sunrise predetermined time in winter, if the greenhouse when stopping the operation of the combustion device is below 5 ° C. Is also conceivable. Therefore, the control unit may be provided with delay means for continuously delaying the operation end time by about 1 to 3 hours when the greenhouse temperature at the operation end time is around 5 ° C.
【００１７】このような構成によれば、燃焼装置の夜間
運転をコントロールユニットで自動制御して、人手を介
することなく上述の課題を達成することが可能になる。
よって、省力化，少人化の促進はもとより、例えば人手
作業による場合のように、燃焼装置の着火，消火や温
度，ＣＯ2 濃度の測定等を行うべく数時間ごとに温室に
出入りする結果、該出入りの度に外気が流入して温室内
の環境が変わってしまい温度制御・ＣＯ2 濃度制御に影
響を及ぼしたり、ＬＰガスの燃焼効率が低下するという
ような虞れもない。さらに、小さいＬＰガス燃焼装置
（ガスバーナー）を使って少量のガス燃焼で効果的に光
合成を促進させることが可能になり、前記効果と相俟っ
て装置のランニングコストの低減にも寄与することが出
来る。According to such a configuration, the night operation of the combustion device can be automatically controlled by the control unit, and the above-mentioned problem can be achieved without manual intervention.
Therefore, as a result of going into and out of the greenhouse every few hours to perform ignition, extinguishment of the combustion device, measurement of temperature, CO 2 concentration, etc., as in the case of manual labor, as well as promotion of labor saving and labor reduction, There is no danger that the outside air flows in every time the air enters and exits, which changes the environment in the greenhouse and affects the temperature control and the CO2 concentration control, and the combustion efficiency of LP gas is reduced. Furthermore, it is possible to effectively promote photosynthesis with a small amount of gas combustion using a small LP gas combustion device (gas burner), and together with the above-mentioned effects, contribute to a reduction in the running cost of the device. Can be done.
【００１８】また本発明装置では、ＬＰガスの燃焼ガス
を利用するので、燃焼装置を温室内に設置して、ダクト
等を介することなく燃焼ガスを直接温室内に供給し得、
さらに緑葉及び花房の周辺位置に前記燃焼装置を設置す
ることで、その燃焼ガスが反応した炭酸ガスや水分を、
緑葉及び花房に、ほぼ均一且つ自然対流接触式にやさし
く供給することが可能になる。尚、前記燃焼装置は温室
の大きさに応じて適宜数用いるものであって、例えば温
室が家庭栽培用などの比較的小型のものであれば一台、
農園などの比較的大型の温室であれば複数台を適宜箇所
に設置するようにすることは言うまでもない。具体的に
は、例えば２０坪に１台程度の割合でＬＰガス燃焼装置
（ガスバーナー）を設置することで、本発明の課題を達
成できると考えられる。Further, in the apparatus of the present invention, since the combustion gas of the LP gas is used, the combustion apparatus can be installed in the greenhouse and the combustion gas can be directly supplied to the greenhouse without passing through a duct or the like.
Further, by installing the combustion device at a position around the green leaves and inflorescence, the combustion gas has reacted carbon dioxide and moisture,
Green leaves and inflorescences can be supplied gently in a substantially uniform and natural convection contact manner. Incidentally, the number of the combustion device is appropriately used according to the size of the greenhouse, for example, if the greenhouse is a relatively small one such as for home cultivation, one unit,
Needless to say, if a relatively large greenhouse such as a farm is installed, a plurality of greenhouses are installed at appropriate locations. Specifically, for example, it is considered that the object of the present invention can be achieved by installing an LP gas combustion device (gas burner) at a rate of about one in 20 tsubo.
【００１９】上記燃焼装置における燃焼筒の頂部上方に
は拡散板が設置されており、前記燃焼筒頂部から放出さ
れるＬＰガスの燃焼ガスは拡散板に当たって下方へ流動
し、該燃焼ガスが反応した炭酸ガスと水分が、高温度の
うちに緑葉及び花房に向けて効率良く供給されるように
なる。A diffusion plate is provided above the top of the combustion cylinder in the above-described combustion apparatus. The combustion gas of LP gas discharged from the top of the combustion cylinder hits the diffusion plate and flows downward, and the combustion gas reacts. Carbon dioxide and moisture can be efficiently supplied to green leaves and inflorescences at high temperatures.
【００２０】上記拡散板の裏面には、上記燃焼筒頂部か
ら放出されるＬＰガスの燃焼ガスを、水平方向へ渦巻き
状に拡散させるらせん状のスリット又は突条を設けると
良い。この場合前記燃焼ガスが、水平方向に向けて渦を
巻くように拡散されつつ下方へ流動するようになり、燃
焼装置周囲の緑葉及び花房に対して、燃焼ガスが反応し
た炭酸ガスと水分がより効率良く供給される。It is preferable that a spiral slit or a ridge is provided on the back surface of the diffusion plate so as to spirally diffuse the combustion gas of the LP gas discharged from the top of the combustion cylinder in a horizontal direction. In this case, the combustion gas flows downward while being swirled toward the horizontal direction while being diffused, so that the carbon dioxide gas and the moisture reacted by the combustion gas with respect to the green leaves and inflorescence around the combustion device are more increased. It is supplied efficiently.
【００２１】また、本発明の装置に用いるＬＰガスは、
プロパンガスとそれ以外のガスの混合ガスでも良いが、
植物にとってより好ましい環境を形成するには、プロパ
ンガス留分の多いガスを用いる方が好ましく、純プロパ
ンガスを用いることが最も好ましい。The LP gas used in the apparatus of the present invention is:
A mixed gas of propane gas and other gas may be used,
In order to form a more favorable environment for plants, it is preferable to use a gas having a high propane gas fraction, and it is most preferable to use pure propane gas.
【００２２】[0022]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の実施の形態の一例
を示すが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。図
１は、本発明が対象とする栽培用植物をビニールハウス
で促成栽培する際の栽培促進装置を示し、該装置は、温
室としてのビニールハウス（以下「ハウス」と称す）１
内にＬＰガスの燃焼装置２を適宜数設置し、各燃焼装置
２をガス配管３を介してＬＰガスボンベ４に連絡せしめ
ると共に、各燃焼装置２の運転開始と終了を自動的に制
御するコントロールユニット５を装備してなる。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described, but the present invention is not limited thereto. FIG. 1 shows a cultivation promoting device for forcing cultivation of a plant for cultivation, which is a target of the present invention, in a greenhouse. The device includes a greenhouse (hereinafter referred to as “house”) 1 as a greenhouse.
A control unit that appropriately installs LP gas combustion devices 2 therein, communicates each combustion device 2 to an LP gas cylinder 4 via a gas pipe 3, and automatically controls the start and end of operation of each combustion device 2. 5 equipped.
【００２３】燃焼装置２は図２に示すように、基台２ａ
上に燃焼筒２ｂを設け、該燃焼筒２ｂの中空内部の軸心
位置にガスバーナ２ｃを立ち上げ、該バーナ２ｃの閉塞
された上端部２ｄの外周に炎口２ｅを適宜間隔をおいて
複数穿設すると共に、前記上端部２ｄの頂部に放熱板２
ｆを取り付け、炎口２ｅの近傍には後述する自動着火機
構を構成する点火プラグ６を配設し、さらにガスバーナ
２ｃの下端部にガス配管３の末端部を連結してなる。As shown in FIG. 2, the combustion device 2 includes a base 2a.
A combustion cylinder 2b is provided on the upper side, a gas burner 2c is set up at an axial position inside the hollow of the combustion cylinder 2b, and a plurality of flame ports 2e are formed at appropriate intervals on the outer periphery of a closed upper end 2d of the burner 2c. And a heat sink 2 at the top of the upper end 2d.
f, an ignition plug 6 constituting an automatic ignition mechanism to be described later is arranged in the vicinity of the flame port 2e, and furthermore, an end of the gas pipe 3 is connected to a lower end of the gas burner 2c.
【００２４】上記放熱板２ｆは、夫々の炎口２ｅから放
出される炎の先端部分が当たるように設置され、これに
より各炎を完全燃焼させて、少ないガス消費量で効率良
く燃焼ガス、すなわち炭酸ガス（ＣＯ2 ）と水分（Ｈ2
Ｏ）を得られるようになっている。The heat radiating plate 2f is installed so that the tip of the flame emitted from each of the flame openings 2e hits, so that each flame is completely burned, and the combustion gas, that is, the combustion gas efficiently with a small gas consumption. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and moisture (H 2
O).
【００２５】上記燃焼筒２ｂの開口する頂部上方には拡
散板７が設置される。拡散板７はセラミックスやステン
レス等を用いて略皿形状に形成されたもので、裏面に突
設した適宜数の支持脚７ａを介して、燃焼筒２ｂの頂部
上方適宜位置に固定される。また拡散板７の裏面には図
３に示すように、拡散板７の中心から外周に向けてらせ
ん状に放射するよう、複数条のスリット８が形成され、
該スリット８により、燃焼筒２ｂ頂部から放出される燃
焼ガスを水平方向へ渦巻き状に拡散しながら放出させる
ようになっている。前記スリット８に代えて突条を形成
しても、同様の作用効果を得ることが出来る。A diffusion plate 7 is provided above the opening of the combustion tube 2b. The diffusion plate 7 is formed in a substantially dish shape using ceramics, stainless steel, or the like, and is fixed at an appropriate position above the top of the combustion tube 2b via an appropriate number of support legs 7a projecting from the back surface. As shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of slits 8 are formed on the back surface of the diffusion plate 7 so as to radiate spirally from the center of the diffusion plate 7 toward the outer periphery.
The slit 8 allows the combustion gas discharged from the top of the combustion cylinder 2b to be discharged while spirally diffusing in the horizontal direction. Even if a ridge is formed instead of the slit 8, the same operation and effect can be obtained.
【００２６】上記燃焼装置２は、基台２ａの下面に取り
付けた適宜数の支持脚９で支持してハウス１内における
畝100 の周辺、本例では上方に設置するをもって、植物
の緑葉201 及び花房202 の上方に位置させる。The combustion device 2 is supported by an appropriate number of support legs 9 attached to the lower surface of the base 2a, and is installed around the ridge 100 in the house 1, in this example, above, so that the green leaves 201 of the plant and It is located above the flower cluster 202.
【００２７】上記ガス配管３の適宜位置には、該ガス配
管３による各燃焼装置２へのＬＰガスの供給を自動制御
するための自動開閉弁（例えば電磁弁等）10を配設し、
該自動開閉弁10と上述した点火プラグ６とで、燃焼装置
２の自動着火機構と自動消火機構を構成する。該自動開
閉弁10及び点火プラグ６は、その作動を自動的に制御さ
れるよう、コントロールユニット５に電気的に接続す
る。At an appropriate position of the gas pipe 3, an automatic opening / closing valve (for example, a solenoid valve) 10 for automatically controlling the supply of LP gas to each combustion device 2 by the gas pipe 3 is provided.
The automatic opening / closing valve 10 and the above-described ignition plug 6 constitute an automatic ignition mechanism and an automatic fire extinguishing mechanism of the combustion device 2. The automatic opening and closing valve 10 and the spark plug 6 are electrically connected to the control unit 5 so that the operation thereof is automatically controlled.
【００２８】コントロールユニット５は、上記燃焼装置
２の自動着火機構及び自動消火機構、それら両機構の作
動を制御する制御部５ａ、温室（ハウス）内温度センサ
ー５ｂ、温室（ハウス）外温度センサー５ｃ、照度セン
サー５ｄ等を備え、前記制御部５ａは例えば図４に示す
ように、２４時間タイマー11、温度調節器12、メイン電
源スイッチ13、温度調節器用スイッチ14、タイマー用ス
イッチ15、電源，温度調節器，タイマー，点火等の各動
作確認用ランプ16,17,18,19 、異常動作報知ランプ20等
を備えたシーケンス制御回路で構成する。The control unit 5 includes an automatic ignition mechanism and an automatic fire extinguishing mechanism of the combustion device 2, a control unit 5a for controlling the operation of both mechanisms, a greenhouse (house) temperature sensor 5b, and a greenhouse (house) temperature sensor 5c. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the control unit 5a includes a 24-hour timer 11, a temperature controller 12, a main power switch 13, a temperature controller switch 14, a timer switch 15, a power supply, and a temperature controller. It is composed of a sequence control circuit provided with operation check lamps 16, 17, 18, and 19 such as a controller, a timer, and ignition, and an abnormal operation notification lamp 20 and the like.
【００２９】制御部５ａは、タイマー11の動作により自
動着火機構と自動消火機構を自動的に作動させて、各燃
焼装置２を夜間の所定時刻（運転開始時刻）に作動させ
翌朝の所定時刻（運転終了時刻）に停止させるよう構成
する。The control section 5a automatically activates the automatic ignition mechanism and the automatic fire extinguishing mechanism by the operation of the timer 11, activates each of the combustion devices 2 at a predetermined time during the night (operation start time), and activates each combustion device 2 at a predetermined time in the next morning (operation start time). It is configured to stop at the operation end time).
【００３０】燃焼装置２は、制御部５ａにより上記運転
開始時刻に自動着火して運転を開始し、運転終了時刻に
自動消火して運転を停止するよう制御される。また燃焼
装置２は、ハウス１の構造による温度保持機能や温室外
温度の下降等の各種条件を勘案して、前記運転開始時刻
から終了時刻まで連続運転した場合に、植物の緑葉201
及び花房202 に対するＣＯ2 供給量が１６００〜２２０
０ｐｐｍ／時間、運転終了付近における緑葉201 及び花
房202 近傍でのＣＯ2 濃度が１００００ｐｐｍ程度又は
それ以上、緑葉201 及び花房202 近傍の温度が５〜１１
℃の範囲内になる程度の所要の燃焼能力を持つものが、
所定面積（例えば２０坪程度）内に一台の割合で適宜数
用いられる。The combustion unit 2 is controlled by the control unit 5a so as to automatically ignite at the operation start time and start operation, and to automatically extinguish at the operation end time and stop operation. Further, in consideration of various conditions such as a temperature holding function due to the structure of the house 1 and a decrease in the temperature outside the greenhouse, the combustion device 2 performs continuous operation from the operation start time to the end time, and the green leaf 201 of the plant
And the amount of CO 2 supplied to the flower cluster 202 is 1600 to 220
0 ppm / hour, the CO 2 concentration near the green leaf 201 and the flower cluster 202 near the end of the operation is about 10,000 ppm or more, and the temperature near the green leaf 201 and the flower cluster 202 is 5 to 11 ppm.
The one with the required combustion capacity within the range of ℃
An appropriate number is used in one unit within a predetermined area (for example, about 20 tsubo).
【００３１】また上記コントロールユニット５には、温
室内の状況変化に対応するための温度調節手段を備えて
いる。温度調節手段は、温度センサー５ｂからの検出信
号に基づき、温度調節器12を介して燃焼装置２の運転停
止，再開を制御する温度調節回路によって構成し、ハウ
ス１内の温度が上がり過ぎた場合や下がり過ぎた場合な
どは適時各燃焼装置２の運転を停止，再作動させて、前
記運転開始時刻から終了時刻までの間、すなわち夜間に
おける各ハウス１内の温度を５〜１１℃の範囲内に保つ
ものである。The control unit 5 is provided with a temperature adjusting means for responding to a change in the state of the greenhouse. The temperature control means is constituted by a temperature control circuit for controlling the stop and restart of the operation of the combustion device 2 via the temperature controller 12 based on the detection signal from the temperature sensor 5b, and when the temperature in the house 1 rises excessively. If the temperature falls too low, the operation of each combustion device 2 is stopped and restarted at appropriate times, and the temperature in each house 1 between the operation start time and the end time, that is, at night, is within the range of 5 to 11 ° C. To keep.
【００３２】またコントロールユニット５には、ＣＯ2
濃度調節手段を装備せしめても良い。ＣＯ2 濃度調節手
段は例えば、ＣＯ2 濃度センサー（不図示）からの検出
信号に基づき、温度調節器12等を介して燃焼装置２の運
転停止，再開を制御するＣＯ 2 濃度調節回路によって形
成し、ハウス１内のＣＯ2 濃度が上がり過ぎた場合や下
がり過ぎた場合などは適時各燃焼装置２の運転を停止，
再作動させて、前記運転開始時刻から終了時刻までの
間、すなわち夜間における各ハウス１内のＣＯ2濃度を
適正範囲内に保つよう構成することもできる。The control unit 5 includes CO2
A density adjusting means may be provided. COTwoConcentration control
The stage is, for example, COTwoDetection from concentration sensor (not shown)
Based on the signal, the operation of the combustion device 2 is performed via the temperature controller 12 or the like.
CO that controls stop and restart TwoShaped by density control circuit
And CO in House 1TwoIf the concentration is too high or too low
In case of excessive removal, the operation of each combustion device 2 is stopped at appropriate times,
Reactivate, from the operation start time to the end time
During the night, that is, at night in each house 1TwoConcentration
It can be configured to keep it within an appropriate range.
【００３３】尚、上記した温度調節手段やＣＯ2 濃度調
節手段は、温度調節器12等を介して自動開閉弁10の開閉
と点火プラグの作動を制御するをもって、各燃焼装置２
の消火，着火を制御するものとして説明したが、これに
限定されず、例えば、温度調節器12等を介して自動開閉
弁10の開閉量を調節することでガス供給量を制御して、
燃焼装置２の燃焼量を適宜に調節（増減）するよう構成
することも可能である。また、上記制御部は図示しない
マイクロコンピュータやパーソナルコンピュータ等で構
成し、上記温度調節やＣＯ2 濃度調節をプログラム制御
するようにすることも可能である。上記制御部、コント
ロールユニット等を装備せず、各燃焼装置２の消火，着
火を手動で行うようにすることも可能である。The above-mentioned temperature control means and CO 2 concentration control means control the opening and closing of the automatic on-off valve 10 and the operation of the ignition plug via the temperature controller 12 and the like, and each combustion device 2
It has been described as controlling the fire extinguishing and ignition, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the gas supply amount is controlled by adjusting the opening / closing amount of the automatic opening / closing valve 10 via the temperature controller 12 or the like.
The combustion amount of the combustion device 2 may be appropriately adjusted (increased or decreased). Further, the control unit may be constituted by a microcomputer or a personal computer (not shown), and the temperature control and the CO 2 concentration control may be program-controlled. It is also possible to manually extinguish and ignite each of the combustion devices 2 without providing the control unit, the control unit, and the like.
【００３４】30は拡散板７上に載置した固形の散布剤
で、該散布剤は加熱により気化して人体に無害な程度の
殺虫効果、殺菌効果、病気予防効果等を発揮するもので
ある。該散布剤は加熱により気化する液状のものを用い
ることも出来る。Numeral 30 denotes a solid spraying agent placed on the diffusion plate 7, which is vaporized by heating and exerts an insecticidal effect, a bactericidal effect, a disease prevention effect, etc. to a degree harmless to the human body. . The spraying agent may be in the form of a liquid which is vaporized by heating.
【００３５】[0035]
【実施例】以下、より具体的な実施例を参照して本発明
を説明する。図５に示すグラフは、上記した栽培促進装
置を用いてイチゴを促成栽培した際の、緑葉及び花房近
傍箇所のＣＯ2 濃度・温度・湿度の変化を示す。本実施
例では図１に示すように、温室として外張り１ａと内張
り１ｂの内外二重張りタイプで、幅５〜６ｍ、奥行き４
０〜５０ｍ、外張りの高さ２〜３ｍ、内張りの高さ１〜
２ｍ程度のビニールハウスを二棟用意した。またＬＰガ
スの燃焼手段として上述した実施の形態で説明した燃焼
装置２と同様の構造で燃焼量約1300Kcalのものを１棟あ
たり４台づつ用意し、ハウス１内の緑葉、花房にほぼ均
一にＣＯ2 と水分が供給されるよう、夫々適所に配設し
た。各燃焼装置２は上述したコントロールユニット５に
よりその作動を制御して、各ハウス１内における緑葉及
び花房に向けて、理想気体の標準状態（ＳＴＰ）で１６
００〜２２００ｐｐｍ／時間のＣＯ2 を供給できると共
に、地面からの高さ60ｃｍの箇所での温度が５〜１１℃
の範囲になるよう燃焼させた。The present invention will be described below with reference to more specific examples. The graph shown in FIG. 5 shows changes in CO 2 concentration, temperature, and humidity near green leaves and inflorescences when strawberries are forcibly cultivated using the above-described cultivation promotion device. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, a greenhouse is an inner / outer double-layered type having an outer lining 1a and an inner lining 1b, a width of 5 to 6 m and a depth of 4 mm.
0-50m, 2-3m height of lining, 1m of lining height
We prepared two 2m plastic houses. Also, as a means for burning LP gas, four units each having a structure similar to that of the combustion device 2 described in the above-described embodiment and having a burning amount of about 1300 Kcal per house are prepared, and the green leaves and flower clusters in the house 1 are almost uniformly dispersed. Each was provided in a suitable place so that CO 2 and moisture could be supplied. The operation of each combustion device 2 is controlled by the above-described control unit 5 toward the green leaves and inflorescences in each house 1 in the standard state (STP) of the ideal gas.
CO 2 of 00 to 2200 ppm / hour can be supplied, and the temperature at a height of 60 cm from the ground is 5 to 11 ° C.
It was burned to be within the range.
【００３６】ここで、各燃焼装置２の運転開始時刻は午
後６時〜１０時の間、運転終了時刻は午前６時〜１０時
の間で、昼間のハウス外温度，ハウス内温度，日の入り
時刻，日の出時刻等に応じて適宜に選択して設定するよ
うにし、少なくとも７時間は燃焼するものとした。また
この中でも、運転終了時刻は、照度検出センサーやタイ
マー等の併用により、日の出から１〜３時間程度遅れた
時刻に設定し、且つ該時刻におけるハウス内温度が５℃
付近の場合は、引き続き２〜３時間程度運転終了時刻を
遅らせる遅延手段（遅延回路）を上記制御部５ａに装備
せしめた。Here, the operation start time of each combustion device 2 is between 6:00 pm and 10:00 pm, and the operation end time is between 6:00 am and 10:00 am, and the daytime outside house temperature, inside house temperature, sunset time, sunrise time, etc. , And the fuel is burned for at least 7 hours. Among these, the operation end time is set to a time that is about 1 to 3 hours behind sunrise by the combined use of an illuminance detection sensor and a timer, and the temperature in the house at that time is 5 ° C.
In the case of the vicinity, the control unit 5a is provided with a delay means (delay circuit) for continuously delaying the operation end time by about 2 to 3 hours.
【００３７】このような条件下で、平成８年１０月〜平
成９年５月までの間に茨城県水戸市でイチゴの促成栽培
を行った結果、図５に示すように、夜間においては供給
されるＣＯ2 が少量ではあるが減少しつつ、時間の経過
に応じて漸増し、明け方近くの５時過ぎ付近において緑
葉及び花房近傍のＣＯ2 濃度が１００００ｐｐｍ以上と
なり、その直後から減少して約２時間の間に１００００
ｐｐｍ程度が消費されていることが分かった。また、花
房の発育速度は従来のイチゴ促成栽培方法の約３割アッ
プになり、しかも従来法による場合では収穫シーズンが
１１月から３月までの約５か月程度であるのに対し、本
例では１０月から５月までの約８か月の間で繰り返し収
穫が行え、その収穫量は従来の約２〜３倍程度であっ
た。収穫したイチゴの品質も、色，光沢，丸み，大き
さ，甘味などすべての点に優れたＡクラスのものがほと
んどであり、これに準ずるＢクラスのものは少なかっ
た。これにより、上述の如く本発明の方法が植物の暗反
応の促進に有効に機能し、夜が明けて周囲が明るくなる
のとほぼ同時に活発な明反応を行うに十分な準備がなさ
れ、しかも緑葉及び花房近傍には、活発な明反応に対応
するに十分な量のＣＯ2 が蓄積されており、夜が明けて
周囲が明るくなるとほぼ同時に活発な明反応が開始さ
れ、これら活発な暗反応と明反応の相乗効果により花房
の発育が大幅に促進するであろうことが確認できた。Under these conditions, as a result of forcing strawberry cultivation in Mito City, Ibaraki Prefecture between October 1996 and May 1997, as shown in FIG. Although the amount of CO 2 is small but decreasing, it gradually increases with the passage of time.At around 5 o'clock near dawn, the CO 2 concentration near green leaves and inflorescences becomes 10,000 ppm or more, and immediately after that, the CO 2 concentration decreases. 10,000 in 2 hours
It was found that about ppm was consumed. In addition, the growth rate of flower clusters is about 30% higher than that of the conventional strawberry forcing cultivation method, and in the case of the conventional method, the harvest season is about 5 months from November to March. In this case, harvesting was repeatedly performed during about eight months from October to May, and the yield was about two to three times the conventional amount. The quality of the harvested strawberries was almost A-class excellent in all aspects such as color, gloss, roundness, size, and sweetness, and few B-class equivalents. As a result, as described above, the method of the present invention effectively functions to promote the dark response of the plant, and at the same time that the surroundings become bright at dawn, sufficient preparation is made to perform a vigorous light reaction at the same time. And near the inflorescence, a sufficient amount of CO 2 has been accumulated to respond to the active light response, and at night the surroundings became brighter, and at the same time, the active light reaction started, and these active dark reactions and It was confirmed that the synergistic effect of the light reaction would greatly promote the development of flower clusters.
【００３８】また、上記燃焼量約1300Kcalの燃焼装置の
１時間当りのＣＯ2 排出量は３１８ｇ／時間であり、こ
れをハウスにおける内張りの容積（幅5.4m×高さ1.7 ｍ
×長さ43m ＝98.4ｍ3 ）で割って１時間当りのＣＯ2 供
給量を算出したところ、約３．３ｇ／ｍ3 であり、これ
を、理想気体の標準状態（ＳＴＰ）で計算すると、１６
４６ｐｐｍ／時間であった。また、燃焼量約1800Kcalの
燃焼装置によれば、１時間当りのＣＯ2 供給量は約４．
３ｇ／ｍ3 であり、これを理想気体の標準状態（ＳＴ
Ｐ）で計算すると、２１７４ｐｐｍ／時間であった。こ
のことから、本発明における好ましいＣＯ2 供給量は、
１６００〜２２００ｐｐｍ／時間であることが確認でき
た。またこの計算値から、５５〜６５ｍ2 に１台の割合
で燃焼装置を設置すると好ましいことが確認できた。Further, the amount of CO 2 emitted per hour from the above-described combustion apparatus having a combustion amount of about 1300 Kcal is 318 g / hour, which is equal to the volume of the lining (5.4 m in width × 1.7 m in height) in the house.
× length 43m = 98.4m 3 ), and the amount of CO 2 supplied per hour was calculated to be about 3.3g / m 3 , which was calculated in the standard state (STP) of an ideal gas. 16
46 ppm / hour. Further, according to the combustion apparatus having a combustion amount of about 1800 Kcal, the supply amount of CO 2 per hour is about 4.
3 g / m 3, which is the standard state of the ideal gas (ST
Calculated by P), it was 2174 ppm / hour. From this, the preferred CO 2 supply in the present invention is:
It was confirmed that it was 1600-2200 ppm / hour. From this calculated value, it was confirmed that it is preferable to install one combustion device every 55 to 65 m2.
【００３９】また、各燃焼装置２の夜間運転を自動制御
した場合と手動制御した場合のハウス内温度（緑葉及び
花房近傍の温度）を測定した結果、自動制御の場合の方
が保温効果が高く、ＬＰガスの消費量も少ないことが確
認できた。このことは、自動制御の場合はハウスに出入
りする必要がないのに対し、手動制御では燃焼装置の着
火，消火や温度，ＣＯ2 濃度測定等を行うべく数時間ご
とに温室に出入りし、その度に外気が流入して温室内環
境が変わってしまい、ＬＰガスの燃焼効率も低下するこ
とに起因すると思われる。すなわち、自動制御では少な
いガス消費量で効率良く燃焼を行って植物に対して快適
な環境を得ることができ、よって装置のランニングコス
ト低減に有利であることが確認できた。Also, as a result of measuring the temperature in the house (the temperature in the vicinity of the green leaves and the flower bunches) when the night operation of each combustion device 2 is automatically controlled and when the night operation is manually controlled, the heat control effect is higher in the case of the automatic control. , LP gas consumption was also small. This is to not have to be out of the house in the case of automatic control, the ignition of the combustion device is manually controlled, and out fire extinguishing and temperature, such as the greenhouse every few hours in order to perform the CO 2 concentration measurement, the This is probably because the outside air flows in every time and the environment in the greenhouse changes, and the combustion efficiency of LP gas also decreases. That is, it was confirmed that the automatic control can efficiently burn with a small gas consumption and obtain a comfortable environment for the plants, which is advantageous in reducing the running cost of the apparatus.
【００４０】尚、上記実施の形態においては図示のよう
に、一つの畝に対して二箇所に燃焼装置を設置するよう
にしたが、本発明はこれに限定されず、温室の大きさや
植物の種類等に応じて適宜能力の燃焼装置を適宜数用
い、且つ温室内の植物の緑葉や花房に対してほぼ均一に
ＣＯ2 と水分が供給されるよう、各燃焼装置を適所に設
置するようにすることは言うまでもない。In the above-mentioned embodiment, as shown in the figure, two flaming devices are installed for one ridge. However, the present invention is not limited to this. Use appropriate number of combustion devices with appropriate capacity according to the type, etc., and install each combustion device in the appropriate place so that CO 2 and moisture are supplied almost uniformly to green leaves and inflorescences of plants in the greenhouse. Needless to say.
【００４１】[0041]
【発明の効果】本発明に係る植物の栽培促進方法及び装
置は以上説明したように構成したことから、下記の効果
を奏する。温室内へのＣＯ2 供給量が所定範囲内になる
ように夜間の温室内でＬＰガスを燃焼させることで、そ
の燃焼ガスが反応した適量の炭酸ガスと水分を自然対流
接触式で植物の緑葉や花房に供給してその暗反応を促進
させ、これにより昼間の明反応を大幅に増進させて花房
の発育を促進させることが出来る。また、温風や炭酸ガ
スを強制供給するため植物に対して好ましいとは言えな
い従来の促成栽培法の不具合を解消し、ダクトや送風機
を用いることなく自然対流接触式に炭酸ガスと水分を供
給出来るので植物に対して優しい環境を作ることができ
る。従って、従来の促成栽培で得られる以上の収穫量の
増加と品質の向上を図ることができる。さらに温室内で
ＬＰガスを燃焼する自然対流供給方式のため、簡便な装
置構成での実施が可能であり、且つＬＰガスを所定量以
上燃焼する必要はないのでガス消費量も少なくて済み、
経済的効果も大なる栽培促進装置として、栽培農家など
で好適に用いることができる。さらに、ＣＯ2 の過剰供
給を抑制することで、近年地球規模で問題となっている
ＣＯ2 の削減にも寄与し得、環境対策をも考慮した商品
価値の高い装置を提供できる。The method and apparatus for promoting plant cultivation according to the present invention have the following effects because they are constructed as described above. By burning LP gas in the greenhouse at night so that the amount of CO 2 supplied into the greenhouse is within a predetermined range, the appropriate amount of carbon dioxide and moisture reacted by the combustion gas can be converted into natural green vegetation by natural convection contact. Or the inflorescence to promote its dark response, thereby greatly enhancing the daytime light response and promoting inflorescence development. In addition, it eliminates the disadvantages of conventional forced cultivation methods, which are not desirable for plants because of the forced supply of warm air and carbon dioxide, and supplies carbon dioxide and moisture in a natural convection contact manner without using a duct or a blower. It is possible to create a friendly environment for plants. Therefore, it is possible to increase the yield and improve the quality more than can be obtained by conventional forcing cultivation. Furthermore, because of the natural convection supply system in which LP gas is burned in a greenhouse, implementation with a simple device configuration is possible, and since there is no need to burn LP gas in a predetermined amount or more, the gas consumption is small,
As a cultivation promoting device having a great economic effect, it can be suitably used in cultivation farmers and the like. Further, by suppressing oversupply of CO 2, recently obtained also contributes to the reduction of CO 2 on a global scale in question, it is possible to provide a high device commercial value in consideration also the environmental measures.
【００４２】また、ＬＰガスの燃焼を自動制御するよう
にすれば省力化，少人化の促進を図り得、且つＬＰガス
消費量のさらなる低減をも図ってランニングコストの低
下にも寄与するなど、多くの効果がある。また、燃焼装
置に拡散板を装備せしめることで、燃焼ガスを下方へ流
動させて炭酸ガスと水分を高温度のうちに緑葉及び花房
に向けて効率良く供給し得、上述の効果をより実効ある
ものとし得る。拡散板裏面にらせん状のスリット又は突
条を設けた場合は、燃焼ガスに含まれる炭酸ガスと水分
をより効率良く、且つ燃焼装置周囲の緑葉、花房に向け
てより均一に供給することができ、上述の効果をさらに
実効あるものとし得る。Further, by automatically controlling the combustion of LP gas, labor saving and promotion of the number of persons can be promoted, and the LP gas consumption can be further reduced, thereby contributing to a reduction in running cost. Has many effects. In addition, by equipping the combustion device with a diffusion plate, it is possible to efficiently supply the carbon dioxide gas and moisture to the green leaves and inflorescences at a high temperature by flowing the combustion gas downward, and the above effect is more effective. It can be. When spiral slits or ridges are provided on the back surface of the diffusion plate, carbon dioxide and moisture contained in the combustion gas can be supplied more efficiently and more uniformly to the green leaves and inflorescence around the combustion device. The above-described effect can be made more effective.
【００４３】また、燃焼装置の運転終了時刻における温
室内温度が５℃付近の場合に、引き続き１〜３時間程度
運転終了時刻を遅らせる遅延手段を装備せしめた場合
は、ＬＰガスの燃焼による夜間温室内の温度制御から太
陽光による活発な光合成が開始され、より信頼性の高い
栽培方法、装置とし得る。If the temperature of the greenhouse at the end time of the operation of the combustion apparatus is around 5 ° C., and a delay means for continuously delaying the operation end time by about 1 to 3 hours is provided, the nighttime greenhouse due to the combustion of the LP gas is provided. Active photosynthesis by sunlight is started from the temperature control in the inside, and a more reliable cultivation method and apparatus can be obtained.
【図１】本発明に係る植物の栽培促進方法及び装置の実
施の形態の一例を簡略して示す斜視図で、要部を拡大し
て示す。FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing an example of an embodiment of a plant cultivation promotion method and device according to the present invention, in which main parts are enlarged.
【図２】図１の（Ｘ）−（Ｘ）線に沿う拡大断面図。FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line (X)-(X) in FIG.
【図３】図２の（Ｙ）−（Ｙ）線に沿う断面図。FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line (Y)-(Y) of FIG. 2;
【図４】コントロールユニットにおける制御部の一例を
示す模式図。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a control unit in the control unit.
【図５】本発明を用いたイチゴの促成栽培における緑葉
及び花房近傍のＣＯ2 濃度・温度・湿度の変化を示すグ
ラフ。FIG. 5 is a graph showing changes in CO 2 concentration, temperature, and humidity near green leaves and inflorescences in forcing cultivation of strawberries using the present invention.
１：ビニールハウス（温室） ２：ＬＰガスの燃焼装置 ２ｂ：燃焼筒 ２ｆ：放熱板 ３：ガス配管 ４：ＬＰガスボンベ ５：コントロールユニット ５ａ：制御部 ５ｂ：温室内温度センサー ６：点火プラグ ７：拡散板 ８：らせん状のスリット 10：自動開閉弁 100:畝 201:緑葉 202:花房 1: Greenhouse (greenhouse) 2: LP gas combustion device 2b: Combustion cylinder 2f: Heat sink 3: Gas pipe 4: LP gas cylinder 5: Control unit 5a: Control unit 5b: Greenhouse temperature sensor 6: Spark plug 7: Diffuser 8: Spiral slit 10: Automatic open / close valve 100: Ridge 201: Green leaf 202: Hanabusa
Claims (6)
の環境を制御する植物の栽培促進方法であって、前記Ｌ
Ｐガスの燃焼を夜間に行って緑葉及び花房近傍の温度を
所定範囲内に制御すると共に、燃焼ガスに含まれるＣＯ
2 を緑葉及び花房に向けて供給して該緑葉及び花房近傍
のＣＯ2 濃度を明け方に向けて漸増させることを特徴と
する果実，野菜，花卉等の植物の栽培促進方法。1. A method for promoting cultivation of a plant, wherein LP gas is burned in a greenhouse to control an environment in the greenhouse.
The P gas is burned at night to control the temperature in the vicinity of the green leaves and inflorescences within a predetermined range, and to reduce the CO contained in the combustion gas.
2. A method for promoting the cultivation of plants such as fruits, vegetables, flowers, etc., wherein 2 is supplied to green leaves and flower clusters to gradually increase the CO 2 concentration near the green leaves and flower clusters at dawn.
０〜２２００ｐｐｍ／時間のＣＯ2 を上記緑葉及び花房
に向けて供給し、明け方付近における前記緑葉及び花房
近傍のＣＯ2 濃度を１００００ｐｐｍ程度又はそれ以上
とする請求項１記載の植物の栽培促進方法。2. An ideal gas standard state (STP) of 160
0～2200Ppm / time CO 2 is supplied toward the green leaf and flower clusters, cultivation promoting method according to claim 1, wherein the plant to the green leaf and 10000ppm about the CO 2 concentration of the flower clusters near or above near dawn.
℃の範囲内に制御する請求項１又は２記載の植物の栽培
促進方法。3. The temperature in the vicinity of the green leaves and inflorescence is 5-11.
The method for promoting plant cultivation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the temperature is controlled within the range of ° C.
置されるＬＰガス燃焼装置と、該燃焼装置の燃焼筒の頂
部上方に設置され同燃焼装置から放出される燃焼ガスを
下方へ拡散させる拡散板とを有し、前記ＬＰガス燃焼装
置を夜間に燃焼させ、理想気体の標準状態（ＳＴＰ）で
１６００〜２２００ｐｐｍ／時間のＣＯ 2 を前記緑葉及
び花房に向けて供給する果実，野菜，花卉等の植物の栽
培促進装置。4. The greenhouse of the plant in the greenhouse and around the inflorescence
LP gas combustion device to be installed, and a top of a combustion cylinder of the combustion device
Combustion gas that is installed above the
A diffusion plate for diffusing the LP gas downward.
The gas is burned at night, in the standard state of ideal gas (STP).
1600-2200 ppm / hour of CO TwoThe green leaf
Of plants such as fruits, vegetables, and flowers to be supplied to
Culture promotion device.
ら放出される燃焼ガスを水平方向へ渦巻き状に拡散させ
るらせん状のスリット又は突条を設けた請求項４記載の
植物の栽培促進装置。5. The plant cultivation according to claim 4, wherein a spiral slit or a ridge for horizontally diffusing the combustion gas discharged from the top of the combustion cylinder is provided on the back surface of the diffusion plate. apparatus.
緑葉及び花房近傍のＣＯ2 濃度が漸増し明け方付近に１
００００ｐｐｍ程度又はそれ以上となるよう同ＬＰガス
燃焼装置を所定時間運転させるコントロールユニットを
有し、該コントロールユニットは、ＬＰガス燃焼装置の
燃焼終了時刻において、前記緑葉及び花房近傍の温度が
５℃付近である場合、該運転終了時刻を所定時間遅らせ
る遅延手段を備えている請求項４又は５記載の植物の栽
培促進装置。6. The nighttime operation of the LP gas combustion device gradually increases the CO 2 concentration in the vicinity of green leaves and inflorescences, and increases the CO 2 concentration in the vicinity of dawn.
A control unit for operating the LP gas combustion device for a predetermined time so as to be about 0000 ppm or more, wherein the control unit has a temperature near the green leaf and the flower cluster of about 5 ° C. at the combustion end time of the LP gas combustion device. 6. The plant cultivation promotion device according to claim 4, further comprising a delay unit that delays the operation end time by a predetermined time.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP18098A JPH1146585A (en) | 1997-06-06 | 1998-01-05 | Promotion of growing of plant, and apparatus therefor |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14950197 | 1997-06-06 | ||
| JP9-149501 | 1997-06-06 | ||
| JP18098A JPH1146585A (en) | 1997-06-06 | 1998-01-05 | Promotion of growing of plant, and apparatus therefor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH1146585A true JPH1146585A (en) | 1999-02-23 |
Family
ID=26333102
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP18098A Pending JPH1146585A (en) | 1997-06-06 | 1998-01-05 | Promotion of growing of plant, and apparatus therefor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH1146585A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007111005A (en) * | 2005-10-21 | 2007-05-10 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Method and system for controlling insect pest |
| JP2013094156A (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2013-05-20 | Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd | Greenhouse cultivation method |
| JP2015223118A (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2015-12-14 | こもろ布引いちご園株式会社 | Control method of plant growth environment, control device, and program for control |
-
1998
- 1998-01-05 JP JP18098A patent/JPH1146585A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007111005A (en) * | 2005-10-21 | 2007-05-10 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Method and system for controlling insect pest |
| JP2013094156A (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2013-05-20 | Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd | Greenhouse cultivation method |
| JP2015223118A (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2015-12-14 | こもろ布引いちご園株式会社 | Control method of plant growth environment, control device, and program for control |
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