JPH1138104A - Residual capacity detecting device for battery - Google Patents
Residual capacity detecting device for batteryInfo
- Publication number
- JPH1138104A JPH1138104A JP9189513A JP18951397A JPH1138104A JP H1138104 A JPH1138104 A JP H1138104A JP 9189513 A JP9189513 A JP 9189513A JP 18951397 A JP18951397 A JP 18951397A JP H1138104 A JPH1138104 A JP H1138104A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- remaining capacity
- detecting
- terminal voltage
- motor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/374—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] with means for correcting the measurement for temperature or ageing
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Tests Of Electric Status Of Batteries (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】この発明は、電気自動車等に
搭載された走行用電池の残存容量を検出する装置に関す
るものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for detecting the remaining capacity of a running battery mounted on an electric vehicle or the like.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】電気自動車の走行用電池の残存容量を検
出する装置として、従来より様々な方式が提案されてい
る。例えば、（１）電池の充放電の状態によらず端子電
圧を検出して電池の残存容量を推定する方式や、（２）
電池の充放電電流を積算し、蓄積または消費した積算電
力量より残存容量を算出する方式、または（３）一定の
基準となる負荷に電流を流し、その時の電池電圧の降下
幅より電池の内部抵抗値を推定演算して電池の残存容量
に換算する方式などがある。2. Description of the Related Art Various systems have been proposed as devices for detecting the remaining capacity of a running battery of an electric vehicle. For example, (1) a method of estimating the remaining capacity of a battery by detecting a terminal voltage regardless of the charge / discharge state of the battery, and (2)
A method of integrating the charge / discharge current of the battery and calculating the remaining capacity from the accumulated or consumed electric power, or (3) applying a current to a constant reference load, and calculating the internal voltage of the battery from the drop width of the battery voltage at that time. There is a method of estimating and calculating the resistance value and converting it to the remaining capacity of the battery.
【０００３】現在の電気自動車の分野では、上記（２）
に挙げた充放電電流積算方式と、これを電池温度検出手
段によって得られた電池温度により補正演算するように
構成されたものが主流となっている。In the current field of electric vehicles, the above (2)
The mainstream is a charge / discharge current integration method described above and a method configured to perform a correction operation based on the battery temperature obtained by the battery temperature detection means.
【０００４】従来の電池残存容量検出装置について説明
する。図４は例えば特開平４−３６８４０１号公報に提
案されているバッテリの残存容量表示装置の構成図であ
り、このバッテリ監視回路１３は、電気自動車の駆動用
電源（バッテリ）１と負荷制御装置１２を介して負荷１
０に流れる電流を検出する負荷電流検出回路１５と、電
源１の温度を検出するバッテリ温度検出回路１６と、負
荷１０に流れる電流とバッテリの温度からバッテリの利
用率を算出すると共に、前回の残存容量と上記残存容量
に対する利用率と電流とから現在の残存容量を算出する
演算手段（ＣＰＵ）４と、算出された現在の残存容量を
表示する表示装置９とから構成されている。A conventional battery remaining capacity detecting device will be described. FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of a battery remaining capacity display device proposed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-368401. The battery monitoring circuit 13 includes a drive power source (battery) 1 for an electric vehicle and a load control device 12. Load 1 via
0, a battery temperature detection circuit 16 for detecting the temperature of the power supply 1, and a battery utilization factor calculated from the current flowing to the load 10 and the battery temperature. It comprises a calculating means (CPU) 4 for calculating the current remaining capacity from the capacity, the utilization rate for the remaining capacity, and the current, and a display device 9 for displaying the calculated current remaining capacity.
【０００５】次に、上記従来装置の動作について説明す
る。電気自動車の駆動用バッテリ１から負荷１０に流れ
る電流を、バッテリ監視回路１３の負荷電流検出回路１
５で検出し、また、バッテリ１の温度をバッテリ温度検
出回路１６で検出する。そして、負荷１０に流れる電流
とバッテリの温度からバッテリ１の利用率をメモリ１７
に記憶されたテーブルを利用して演算装置（ＣＰＵ）４
で算出し、演算装置４で求めた前回のバッテリの残存容
量とその残存容量に対する利用率とから現在の残存容量
を演算装置４で算出する。その後、算出された現在の残
存容量をドライバーが把握しやすいように表示装置９で
表示する。また、演算装置４では、負荷が回生ブレーキ
をかけた時に発生する、バッテリに対する充電電流の充
電効率を求め、残存容量を算出する。Next, the operation of the above conventional device will be described. A current flowing from the driving battery 1 of the electric vehicle to the load 10 is supplied to the load current detection circuit 1 of the battery monitoring circuit 13.
5 and the temperature of the battery 1 is detected by the battery temperature detection circuit 16. The utilization rate of the battery 1 is stored in the memory 17 based on the current flowing through the load 10 and the temperature of the battery.
Arithmetic unit (CPU) 4 using a table stored in
The current remaining capacity is calculated by the arithmetic unit 4 from the previous remaining capacity of the battery obtained by the arithmetic unit 4 and the utilization rate for the remaining capacity. Thereafter, the calculated current remaining capacity is displayed on the display device 9 so that the driver can easily grasp it. Further, the arithmetic unit 4 calculates the charging efficiency of the charging current to the battery, which is generated when the load applies the regenerative braking, and calculates the remaining capacity.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】従来の電池の残存容量
検出装置は以上のように構成されているので、電池の経
年変化に伴う特性劣化のような定格容量の減少に適応し
たものではなく、あくまでも定格容量を維持し続ける理
想的な電池を想定したものである。したがって、継続的
に電池に充放電する場合には演算誤差が大きくなり、正
確な電池の残存容量の表示または容量低下の警告表示を
行うことができない。さらには実際的な容量低下を検出
できず、過放電により電池の短寿命化につながる問題点
を有していた。Since the conventional battery remaining capacity detecting device is configured as described above, it is not adapted to a decrease in the rated capacity such as characteristic deterioration due to aging of the battery. It is based on an ideal battery that keeps the rated capacity. Therefore, when the battery is continuously charged and discharged, a calculation error increases, and it is impossible to accurately display the remaining capacity of the battery or to display a warning of a decrease in the capacity. Further, there is a problem that a practical decrease in capacity cannot be detected, and the overdischarge leads to a shortened life of the battery.
【０００７】この発明は上記のような問題点を解消する
ためになされたもので、複数の異なる方式で求められた
複数の残存容量値を比較し、そのうち一番小さい値を示
す残存容量値を真値とすることで、電池の経年劣化など
による特性変化誤差を補正し、信頼性の高い電池の残存
容量検出装置を得ることを目的とする。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and compares a plurality of remaining capacity values obtained by a plurality of different methods, and determines the smallest remaining capacity value. It is an object of the present invention to obtain a reliable remaining capacity detection device for a battery by correcting a characteristic change error due to aging of the battery or the like by setting it to a true value.
【０００８】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】請求項１の発明の電池の
残存容量検出装置は、電池の開放端子電圧を検出する手
段と、電池の負荷となる電動機の駆動状態を検出する手
段と、電池の充放電電流が零であることを検出する手段
とを備え、電動機が駆動されておらず、かつ電池の充放
電電流が零の場合に、電池の開放端子電圧を検出し、こ
の開放端子電圧から電池の残存容量を推定演算すること
を特徴とする。According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for detecting a remaining capacity of a battery, comprising: means for detecting an open terminal voltage of the battery; means for detecting a driving state of an electric motor serving as a load on the battery; Means for detecting that the charge / discharge current of the battery is zero, and when the motor is not driven and the charge / discharge current of the battery is zero, the open terminal voltage of the battery is detected. The remaining capacity of the battery is estimated and calculated from the calculation.
【０００９】請求項２の発明の電池の残存容量検出装置
は、電池の残存容量を検出する手段が主として充放電電
流の積算により演算するものであって、電池の開放端子
電圧を検出する手段と、電池の負荷となる電動機の駆動
状態を検出する手段と、電池の充放電電流が零であるこ
とを検出する手段と、電動機が駆動されておらずかつ電
池の充放電電流が零の場合の電池の開放端子電圧から電
池の残存容量を推定演算する手段を備え、実測定の充放
電電流の積算演算により求められた残存容量理論値を上
記残存容量推定値により補正すること特徴とする。According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for detecting a remaining capacity of a battery, wherein the means for detecting the remaining capacity of the battery is mainly operated by integrating the charge / discharge current, and the means for detecting the open terminal voltage of the battery includes Means for detecting the driving state of a motor serving as a battery load, means for detecting that the charge / discharge current of the battery is zero, and means for detecting when the motor is not driven and the charge / discharge current of the battery is zero. A means for estimating and calculating the remaining capacity of the battery from the open terminal voltage of the battery is provided, and the theoretical value of the remaining capacity obtained by the integrated calculation of the actually measured charge / discharge current is corrected using the estimated remaining capacity.
【００１０】請求項３の発明の電池の残存容量検出装置
は、電池の端子電圧を検出する手段と、電池の負荷とな
る電動機の駆動状態を検出する手段と、電動機に与えた
駆動トルク指示値と電動機の実回転数とから電動機の出
力電力を推定演算する手段を備え、上記出力電力と電池
の端子電圧とから充放電電流推定値を求め、この電流推
定値から電池の残存容量を推定演算することを特徴とす
る。According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for detecting a remaining capacity of a battery, comprising: means for detecting a terminal voltage of the battery; means for detecting a driving state of an electric motor serving as a load on the battery; Means for estimating and calculating the output power of the electric motor from the actual rotational speed of the electric motor, obtaining a charge / discharge current estimated value from the output power and the terminal voltage of the battery, and estimating and calculating the remaining capacity of the battery from the estimated electric current. It is characterized by doing.
【００１１】請求項４の発明の電池の残存容量検出装置
は、電池の残存容量を検出する手段が主として充放電電
流の積算により演算するものであって、電池の端子電圧
を検出する手段と、電池の負荷となる電動機の駆動状態
を検出する手段と、電動機に与えた駆動トルク指示値と
電動機の実回転数とから電動機の出力電力を推定演算す
る手段と、上記出力電力と電池の端子電圧とから求めた
充放電電流推定値により電池の残存容量を推定演算する
手段を備え、実測定の充放電電流の積算演算により求め
られた残存容量理論値を上記残存容量推定値により補正
することを特徴とする。According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a battery remaining capacity detecting device, wherein the means for detecting the remaining capacity of the battery is mainly operated by integrating the charge / discharge current, and means for detecting the terminal voltage of the battery; Means for detecting the driving state of the motor serving as a battery load, means for estimating and calculating the output power of the motor from the driving torque command value given to the motor and the actual number of revolutions of the motor, and the output power and the terminal voltage of the battery. Means for estimating the remaining capacity of the battery based on the estimated charging / discharging current value obtained from the above, and correcting the theoretical remaining capacity value obtained by the integration operation of the actually measured charging / discharging current by the above estimated remaining capacity value. Features.
【００１２】請求項５の発明の電池の残存容量検出装置
は、充放電電流積算演算のための電池の充放電電流，端
子電圧，電池の温度の各計測手段に加え、電動機の駆動
トルク指令値と電動機回転数の計測手段を併せ持ち、実
測定の充放電電流による充放電電流積算演算から求める
理論値としての残存容量値と、電動機トルク指令値と電
動機回転数および電池端子電圧から得られる推定充放電
電流によって、充放電電流積算演算から求める推定値と
しての残存容量推定値と、電池の充放電電流が零の時の
電池の開放端子電圧から推定演算する残存容量推定値と
を組み合わせ、そのうち一番小さい値を示す残存容量値
を真値と判定するように構成したものである。According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for detecting a remaining capacity of a battery in addition to a battery charging / discharging current, a terminal voltage and a battery temperature measuring means for calculating a charging / discharging current integration, and a driving torque command value of a motor. And a means for measuring the number of revolutions of the motor, and a remaining capacity value as a theoretical value obtained from a charge / discharge current integration calculation based on the actually measured charge / discharge current, and an estimated charge obtained from the motor torque command value, the motor speed, and the battery terminal voltage. The discharge current is used to combine the remaining capacity estimation value estimated from the charge / discharge current integration calculation with the remaining capacity estimation value estimated from the battery open terminal voltage when the battery charge / discharge current is zero. The remaining capacity value indicating the smallest value is determined to be a true value.
【００１３】[0013]
実施の形態１．図１はこの発明の実施の形態１による電
池残存容量検出装置の構成を示すブロック図であり、マ
イクロコンピュータ（ＣＰＵ）４を搭載した残存容量検
出装置１００により、電気自動車を駆動する電池（バッ
テリ）１の残存容量を測定する。電池１にはその充放電
電流を検出する電流センサ２が接続され、このセンサ２
による検出値は電流計測インタフェース５を介して残存
容量検出装置１００のマイクロコンピュータ４に入力さ
れる。なお、上記電流センサ２をシャント抵抗等で代用
しても良い。また、電池１の端子電圧値は電圧計測イン
タフェース６を介して計測され、同じくマイクロコンピ
ュータ４に入力される。更に、電池１のケース温度はサ
ーミスタ３により検出され、温度計測インタフェース７
を介してマイクロコンピュータ４に入力される。Embodiment 1 FIG. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a battery remaining capacity detection device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. A battery (battery) that drives an electric vehicle by a remaining capacity detection device 100 equipped with a microcomputer (CPU) 4. The remaining capacity of 1 is measured. The battery 1 is connected to a current sensor 2 for detecting the charge / discharge current.
Is input to the microcomputer 4 of the remaining capacity detection device 100 via the current measurement interface 5. The current sensor 2 may be replaced by a shunt resistor or the like. Further, the terminal voltage value of the battery 1 is measured via the voltage measurement interface 6 and is similarly input to the microcomputer 4. Further, the case temperature of the battery 1 is detected by the thermistor 3 and the temperature measurement interface 7
Is input to the microcomputer 4 via the.
【００１４】電池（バッテリ）１には実負荷（ここでは
電気自動車の電動機）１０が接続されており、この負荷
（電動機）１０には回転数を検出する回転センサ１１が
設置されている。コントローラ１２は負荷（電動機）１
０を制御する機能を有しており、負荷（電動機）１０の
駆動トルク指令値を内部で演算し、かつ実負荷トルクを
負荷（電動機）の端子電圧と所要電流及び回転数とから
計測演算している。また、残存容量検出装置１００のマ
イクロコンピュータ４は、通信インタフェース８を介し
て上記コントローラ１２と通信しており、トルク情報及
び電動機回転数情報をコントローラ１２から入手してい
る。An actual load (here, an electric motor of an electric vehicle) 10 is connected to the battery (battery) 1, and a rotation sensor 11 for detecting the number of rotations is installed on the load (electric motor) 10. The controller 12 is a load (motor) 1
0, has a function of internally calculating the drive torque command value of the load (motor) 10 and measuring and calculating the actual load torque from the terminal voltage of the load (motor), the required current, and the number of revolutions. ing. Further, the microcomputer 4 of the remaining capacity detection device 100 communicates with the controller 12 via the communication interface 8, and obtains torque information and motor rotation speed information from the controller 12.
【００１５】次に、上記電池残存容量検出装置の動作に
ついて説明する。通常、電池の残存容量を検出する手法
として、実測定の充放電電流の積算演算によって残存容
量値を求める充放電電流積算方式を採用する。すなわ
ち、図１において、残存容量検出装置１００のマイクロ
コンピュータ４は、電流センサ２の出力を電流計測イン
タフェース５を介して読み取り、充放電電流を計測する
と共に、サーミスタ３の抵抗値を温度計測インタフェー
ス６（Ｒ−Ｖ変換器等）を介して読み取り、充電時又は
放電時のそれぞれ個別の電池温度補正を加味した充放電
電流の積算演算を行って、残存容量理論値を演算する。Next, the operation of the battery remaining capacity detecting device will be described. Normally, as a method of detecting the remaining capacity of the battery, a charge / discharge current integration method of obtaining a remaining capacity value by an integration operation of charge / discharge currents actually measured is adopted. That is, in FIG. 1, the microcomputer 4 of the remaining capacity detection device 100 reads the output of the current sensor 2 via the current measurement interface 5 to measure the charge / discharge current, and the resistance value of the thermistor 3 to the temperature measurement interface 6. (R-V converter, etc.), and performs the integration calculation of the charge / discharge current in consideration of the individual battery temperature correction at the time of charging or discharging, respectively, to calculate the theoretical remaining capacity value.
【００１６】次に、実施の形態１の残存容量推定手順に
ついて述べる。残存容量検出装置１００のマイクロコン
ピュータ４は、コントローラ１２の実負荷トルク演算結
果と電動機の回転数とから負荷（電動機）１０が完全に
停止したことを確認し、かつ実測定電流値が零と見なせ
る範囲となった時点で、電池１の充放電電流が零となっ
たことを認識し、電池１の端子電圧による残存容量推定
を開始する。Next, a procedure for estimating the remaining capacity according to the first embodiment will be described. The microcomputer 4 of the remaining capacity detection device 100 confirms that the load (motor) 10 has completely stopped from the calculation result of the actual load torque of the controller 12 and the number of revolutions of the motor, and can regard the actual measured current value to be zero. At this point, it is recognized that the charge / discharge current of the battery 1 has become zero, and the remaining capacity estimation based on the terminal voltage of the battery 1 is started.
【００１７】ところで、一般的に電池（バッテリ）１は
同一の残存容量を有していても、充放電停止直後の電池
端子電圧は直前の充放電電流の大きさによって異なり、
安定した電圧（開放端子電圧）と見なせるまでの電圧回
復時間が一定でないという特性がある。この特性を補償
するため、マイクロコンピュータ４は単位時間毎（以下
Δｔとする）の電池端子電圧の変化幅（以下ΔＶ／Δｔ
とする）を計測することにより、電池端子電圧の回復安
定度を得る。In general, even if the batteries (batteries) 1 have the same remaining capacity, the battery terminal voltage immediately after charging / discharging stops differs depending on the magnitude of the charging / discharging current immediately before.
There is a characteristic that the voltage recovery time until it can be regarded as a stable voltage (open terminal voltage) is not constant. In order to compensate for this characteristic, the microcomputer 4 sets the change width of the battery terminal voltage per unit time (hereinafter referred to as Δt) (hereinafter referred to as ΔV / Δt).
) To obtain the recovery stability of the battery terminal voltage.
【００１８】すなわち、マイクロコンピュータ４は、Δ
Ｖ／Δｔ＝０（ｎｅａｒｌｙ ｅｑｕａｌ）を検出した
時点で安定した電池開放端子電圧と見なし、あらかじめ
電池の温度に対応して複数個用意された、例えば図２の
ような電池開放端子電圧−残存容量特性マップより残存
容量推定値を求める。That is, the microcomputer 4 calculates Δ
When V / Δt = 0 (nearly equal) is detected, it is regarded as a stable battery open terminal voltage, and a plurality of battery open terminal voltages-remaining capacity prepared in advance corresponding to the battery temperature, for example, as shown in FIG. An estimated remaining capacity value is obtained from the characteristic map.
【００１９】最後に、実測定の充放電電流の積算演算に
より求められた残存容量理論値を、上記で求めた残存容
量推定値により補正する。Finally, the theoretical value of the remaining capacity obtained by the integration operation of the actually measured charge / discharge current is corrected by the estimated value of the remaining capacity obtained above.
【００２０】実施の形態２．次に、実施の形態２の残存
容量推定手順について述べる。残存容量検出装置１００
のマイクロコンピュータ４は、コントローラ１２から入
手した駆動トルク指令値Ｔと電動機回転数Ｎ、および電
圧計測インタフェース６を介して読み取った上記駆動ト
ルク指令値Ｔを出力した時刻の電池端子電圧Ｖbとか
ら、推定充放電電流値Ｉbを求める。Embodiment 2 Next, a remaining capacity estimation procedure according to the second embodiment will be described. Remaining capacity detection device 100
Microcomputer 4 obtains the drive torque command value T obtained from the controller 12, the motor rotation speed N, and the battery terminal voltage Vb at the time when the drive torque command value T read via the voltage measurement interface 6 is output. An estimated charge / discharge current value Ib is obtained.
【００２１】すなわち、基本演算式は下記（１）式の通
りとなる。That is, the basic arithmetic expression is as shown in the following expression (1).
【００２２】 出力Ｐb ＝ 電池端子電圧Ｖb × 充放電電流Ｉb ＝ 係数ｋ × 回転数Ｎ × トルクＴ ・・・・・・（１）Output Pb = battery terminal voltage Vb × charge / discharge current Ib = coefficient k × rotational speed N × torque T (1)
【００２３】ここで係数ｋは、固有の定数と電動機の電
力消費効率や回生発電効率を含めたシステム固有の数値
との積を取ったもので、条件によって可変である。The coefficient k is obtained by multiplying a constant peculiar to a numerical value peculiar to the system including the power consumption efficiency of the motor and the regenerative power generation efficiency, and is variable depending on conditions.
【００２４】ところで、上記の電動機トルク指示値を使
用した演算では、充放電電流計測手段に依存しないとい
う利点があるが、反面下記の２点の問題点も生じる。The above-described calculation using the motor torque instruction value has the advantage that it does not depend on the charging / discharging current measuring means, but has the following two problems.
【００２５】（ａ）トルク指示値出力時刻と実トルク追
従時刻のずれ。 （ｂ）当該電池から電力供給を受ける電動機以外の電気
負荷消費電力分の誤差。(A) The difference between the output time of the torque command value and the actual torque follow-up time. (B) An error corresponding to power consumption of an electric load other than the electric motor supplied with power from the battery.
【００２６】前記（ａ）の問題に対しては、あらかじめ
システムを構成する上で明らかにされるコントローラ１
２の制御時定数を記憶しておき、これより早いトルク変
化に対しては、例えば図３に示すような駆動トルクの一
次関数補正演算により変化量に上限を設けることで補正
を行っている。In order to solve the above problem (a), the controller 1 clarified beforehand in configuring the system.
The control time constant of No. 2 is stored, and a faster torque change is corrected by, for example, setting an upper limit on the amount of change by a linear function correction calculation of the driving torque as shown in FIG.
【００２７】前記（ｂ）の問題に対しては、電池の消費
電力をＰb（Ｗ），電動機の消費電力をＰL（Ｗ），その
他電気負荷の消費電力をＰs（Ｗ）とすると、下記の
（２）式が成立する。Regarding the problem (b), if the power consumption of the battery is Pb (W), the power consumption of the motor is PL (W), and the power consumption of the other electric loads is Ps (W), Equation (2) holds.
【００２８】Ｐb ＝ ＰL ＋ Ｐs ・・・・・・（２）Pb = PL + Ps (2)
【００２９】前記Ｐsにかかる電気機器類は、動作中か
非動作中かで消費電力の限定が容易であり、補正すべき
消費電流Ｉs（Ａ）は下記（３）式で求められる。It is easy to limit the power consumption of the electric devices related to the Ps during operation or non-operation, and the current consumption Is (A) to be corrected is obtained by the following equation (3).
【００３０】Ｉs ＝ Ｐs ／ Ｖb ・・・・・・（３）Is = Ps / Vb (3)
【００３１】ここで、Ｖb（Ｖ）は式（１）の電池端子
電圧である。式（２）より、電動機以外の電気負荷が作
動中の場合には、式（１）は下記（４）式とされる。Here, Vb (V) is the battery terminal voltage of the equation (1). From equation (2), when an electric load other than the electric motor is operating, equation (1) becomes equation (4) below.
【００３２】 Ｐb ＝ ＰL ＋ Ｖb×Ｉs ・・・・・・（４）Pb = PL + Vb × Is (4)
【００３３】この（４）式を、電池の充放電電流Ｉbに
ついて解けば、By solving this equation (4) for the charge / discharge current Ib of the battery,
【００３４】 Ｉｂ ＝ （ｋ・Ｎ・Ｔ）／Ｖｂ − Ｉｓ ・・・・・・（５）Ib = (k · N · T) / Vb−Is (5)
【００３５】因みに、負荷の正トルク発生時を電池の放
電時とすれば、充電時（回生充電等）は負トルクとなる
ため、負荷の消費電力ＰLを負電力として取り扱う。By the way, if the time when the positive torque of the load is generated is the time of discharging the battery, the time of charging (for example, regenerative charging) becomes a negative torque, so that the power consumption PL of the load is treated as negative power.
【００３６】このように、式（５）から明らかなよう
に、実施の形態２の電池残存容量検出装置によれば、充
放電電流計測手段に依存することなく電池の充放電電流
を高精度に求めることが可能となる。この電池充放電電
流推定値を使用した充放電電流の積算演算により、残存
容量推定値を求める。Thus, as is apparent from the equation (5), according to the battery remaining capacity detecting device of the second embodiment, the charging / discharging current of the battery can be accurately determined without depending on the charging / discharging current measuring means. It is possible to ask. The remaining capacity estimated value is obtained by integrating the charge / discharge current using the battery charge / discharge current estimated value.
【００３７】実施の形態３．次に、実施の形態３の残存
容量推定手順について述べる。残存容量検出装置１００
のマイクロコンピュータ４は、通常の実測定の充放電電
流値の積算演算により求めた残存容量理論値を、前記実
施の形態１で述べた電動機が駆動されておらず充放電電
流が零である場合の電池開放端子電圧から推定演算によ
って得られた残存容量推定値と、実施の形態２で述べた
電池の端子電圧と電動機の駆動トルク指令値及び実回転
数から充放電電流を推定演算し、さらにその充放電電流
推定値を積算演算することによって求められた残存容量
推定値のうち、各計測手段に故障等による誤りがないと
判断できた残存容量値のみを採択し、そのうち最も小さ
い値を真値として採用し、表示装置９に表示する。その
結果、電気自動車の運転者に対して高精度な残存容量値
を提示し、かつ電池の過放電の危険性を大きく低減する
ことができる。Embodiment 3 Next, a remaining capacity estimation procedure according to the third embodiment will be described. Remaining capacity detection device 100
The microcomputer 4 calculates the remaining capacity theoretical value obtained by the integration calculation of the charge / discharge current value of the normal actual measurement when the electric motor described in the first embodiment is not driven and the charge / discharge current is zero. The charge / discharge current is estimated and calculated from the remaining capacity estimation value obtained by the estimation calculation from the battery open terminal voltage and the battery terminal voltage, the motor driving torque command value, and the actual rotation speed described in the second embodiment. Of the remaining capacity estimation values obtained by integrating the charging / discharging current estimation values, only the remaining capacity values for which it has been determined that there is no error due to a failure or the like in each measuring means are adopted, and the smallest value among them is determined as true. It is adopted as a value and displayed on the display device 9. As a result, a highly accurate remaining capacity value can be presented to the driver of the electric vehicle, and the risk of overdischarging of the battery can be greatly reduced.
【００３８】[0038]
【発明の効果】以上のようにこの発明によれば、電池の
経年劣化による特性変化等に起因する誤差を補正し、信
頼性の高い残存容量を得ることができるので、運転者等
に対し的確な時期に残存容量の低下を警告することがで
き、加えて電池の過放電を未然に防ぎ、電池の破壊や短
寿命化を防ぐことができる。As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to correct an error caused by a change in characteristics due to aging of a battery, and to obtain a highly reliable remaining capacity. It is possible to warn of a decrease in the remaining capacity at an appropriate time, to prevent the battery from being over-discharged beforehand, and to prevent the battery from being broken or shortened in life.
【００３９】また、一般的な電気自動車等における既存
のシステムを活用することで特別な手段を追加する必要
がない。Further, it is not necessary to add a special means by utilizing an existing system in a general electric vehicle or the like.
【００４０】更に、電池の充放電電流計測手段だけによ
らず電池端子電圧および負荷の駆動状態からも残存容量
演算を行うように構成したので、電池の定格特性での使
用時はもちろん、電池の特性劣化時や大電流を放電した
ときの見かけ上の容量低下をも補正することができる。Furthermore, the configuration is such that the remaining capacity is calculated not only from the battery charge / discharge current measuring means but also from the battery terminal voltage and the driving state of the load. It is also possible to correct an apparent decrease in capacity when characteristics are deteriorated or when a large current is discharged.
【００４１】更に波及的には、電池の充放電電流検出手
段の故障時にも継続して残存容量演算が可能となり、表
示装置へ故障警告の表示を行うと共に残存容量の更新表
示を継続することにより、運転者の不安感解消と電池の
過放電の危険性を大きく低減できる効果がある。More specifically, even when the battery charge / discharge current detecting means fails, the remaining capacity can be calculated continuously. By displaying a failure warning on the display device and continuing to update the remaining capacity. This has the effect of eliminating the driver's anxiety and greatly reducing the risk of overdischarging the battery.
【図１】 この発明の実施の形態１による電池残存容量
検出装置の構成を示すブロック図である。FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a battery state of charge detection device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
【図２】 実施の形態１で使用される温度補正を含めた
一般的な電池の開放端子電圧−残存容量特性図である。FIG. 2 is an open terminal voltage-remaining capacity characteristic diagram of a general battery including temperature correction used in the first embodiment.
【図３】 実施の形態２で使用される電動機駆動トルク
指示値の一次関数補正特性図である。FIG. 3 is a linear function correction characteristic diagram of a motor drive torque instruction value used in the second embodiment.
【図４】 従来の電池の残存容量検出装置の構成図であ
る。FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of a conventional battery remaining capacity detection device.
１ 電池（バッテリ）、２ 電流センサ、３ 温度セン
サ、４ マイクロコンピュータ（ＣＰＵ）、５ 電流計
測インタフェース、６ 電圧計測インタフェース、７
温度計測インタフェース、８ 通信制御インタフェー
ス、９ 表示装置、１０ 実負荷（電動機）、１１ 回
転センサ、１２ コントローラ。1 battery (battery), 2 current sensor, 3 temperature sensor, 4 microcomputer (CPU), 5 current measurement interface, 6 voltage measurement interface, 7
Temperature measurement interface, 8 communication control interface, 9 display device, 10 actual load (motor), 11 rotation sensor, 12 controller.
フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.6 識別記号 ＦＩ Ｈ０２Ｊ 7/00 Ｈ０２Ｊ 7/00 Ｍ Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. 6 Identification code FI H02J 7/00 H02J 7/00 M
Claims (5)
て、電池の開放端子電圧を検出する手段と、電池の負荷
となる電動機の駆動状態を検出する手段と、電池の充放
電電流が零であることを検出する手段とを備え、電動機
が駆動されておらず、かつ電池の充放電電流が零の場合
に、電池の開放端子電圧を検出し、この開放端子電圧か
ら電池の残存容量を推定演算することを特徴とする電池
の残存容量検出装置。1. A device for detecting a remaining capacity of a battery, comprising: means for detecting an open terminal voltage of the battery; means for detecting a driving state of an electric motor serving as a load on the battery; Means for detecting that the motor is not driven and the charge / discharge current of the battery is zero, the open terminal voltage of the battery is detected, and the remaining capacity of the battery is determined from the open terminal voltage. An apparatus for detecting a remaining capacity of a battery, wherein the apparatus performs an estimation calculation.
て充放電電流の積算により演算する電池の残存容量検出
装置であって、電池の開放端子電圧を検出する手段と、
電池の負荷となる電動機の駆動状態を検出する手段と、
電池の充放電電流が零であることを検出する手段と、電
動機が駆動されておらずかつ電池の充放電電流が零の場
合の電池の開放端子電圧から電池の残存容量を推定演算
する手段を備え、実測定の充放電電流の積算演算により
求められた残存容量理論値を上記残存容量推定値により
補正することを特徴とする電池の残存容量検出装置。2. The battery remaining capacity detection device, wherein the means for detecting the remaining capacity of the battery is mainly calculated by integrating the charge / discharge current, and means for detecting the open terminal voltage of the battery.
Means for detecting a driving state of a motor serving as a battery load;
Means for detecting that the charge / discharge current of the battery is zero, and means for estimating and calculating the remaining capacity of the battery from the open terminal voltage of the battery when the motor is not driven and the charge / discharge current of the battery is zero. An apparatus for detecting a remaining capacity of a battery, wherein the remaining capacity theoretical value obtained by the integration calculation of the actually measured charge / discharge current is corrected by the remaining capacity estimation value.
て、電池の端子電圧を検出する手段と、電池の負荷とな
る電動機の駆動状態を検出する手段と、電動機に与えた
駆動トルク指示値と電動機の実回転数とから電動機の出
力電力を推定演算する手段を備え、上記出力電力と電池
の端子電圧とから充放電電流推定値を求め、この電流推
定値から電池の残存容量を推定演算することを特徴とす
る電池の残存容量検出装置。3. An apparatus for detecting a remaining capacity of a battery, comprising: means for detecting a terminal voltage of the battery; means for detecting a driving state of a motor serving as a load on the battery; and a drive torque instruction value given to the motor. Means for estimating and calculating the output power of the electric motor from the actual rotational speed of the electric motor, obtaining a charge / discharge current estimated value from the output power and the terminal voltage of the battery, and estimating and calculating the remaining capacity of the battery from the estimated electric current. A battery remaining capacity detecting device, comprising:
て充放電電流の積算により演算する電池の残存容量検出
装置であって、電池の端子電圧を検出する手段と、電池
の負荷となる電動機の駆動状態を検出する手段と、電動
機に与えた駆動トルク指示値と電動機の実回転数とから
電動機の出力電力を推定演算する手段と、上記出力電力
と電池の端子電圧とから求めた充放電電流推定値により
電池の残存容量を推定演算する手段を備え、実測定の充
放電電流の積算演算により求められた残存容量理論値を
上記残存容量推定値により補正することを特徴とする電
池の残存容量検出装置。4. A device for detecting a remaining capacity of a battery, wherein the means for detecting the remaining capacity of the battery is a device for detecting the remaining voltage of the battery, which is mainly calculated by integrating the charging and discharging currents. Means for detecting the driving state, means for estimating and calculating the output power of the motor from the driving torque command value given to the motor and the actual number of revolutions of the motor, and the charging / discharging current obtained from the output power and the terminal voltage of the battery Means for estimating the remaining capacity of the battery based on the estimated value, and correcting the theoretical value of the remaining capacity obtained by the integration operation of the actually measured charge / discharge current using the estimated remaining capacity. Detection device.
て、実測定の充放電電流の積算演算によって求められた
残存容量理論値と、請求項１記載の充放電電流が零であ
る場合の電池開放端子電圧から推定演算によって得られ
た残存容量推定値と、請求項３記載の電池の端子電圧と
電動機の駆動トルク指令値及び実回転数から充放電電流
を推定演算し、さらにその充放電電流推定値を積算演算
することによって求められた残存容量推定値のうち、一
番小さい値を示す残存容量値を真値とすることを特徴と
する電池の残存容量検出装置。5. An apparatus for detecting a remaining capacity of a battery, wherein the theoretical value of the remaining capacity obtained by the integration calculation of the charging / discharging current of the actual measurement and the charging / discharging current according to claim 1 are zero. A charge / discharge current is estimated and calculated from the remaining capacity estimated value obtained by the estimation calculation from the battery open terminal voltage, the battery terminal voltage, the drive torque command value of the electric motor and the actual rotation speed according to claim 3, and further charged / discharged. A remaining capacity detection device for a battery, wherein the remaining capacity value indicating the smallest value among the remaining capacity estimation values obtained by integrating the current estimation values is set to a true value.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9189513A JPH1138104A (en) | 1997-07-15 | 1997-07-15 | Residual capacity detecting device for battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9189513A JPH1138104A (en) | 1997-07-15 | 1997-07-15 | Residual capacity detecting device for battery |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH1138104A true JPH1138104A (en) | 1999-02-12 |
Family
ID=16242538
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9189513A Pending JPH1138104A (en) | 1997-07-15 | 1997-07-15 | Residual capacity detecting device for battery |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH1138104A (en) |
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1997
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