JPH1129608A - Production of ultramicro particular aqueous resin emulsion - Google Patents

Production of ultramicro particular aqueous resin emulsion

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Publication number
JPH1129608A
JPH1129608A JP10033900A JP3390098A JPH1129608A JP H1129608 A JPH1129608 A JP H1129608A JP 10033900 A JP10033900 A JP 10033900A JP 3390098 A JP3390098 A JP 3390098A JP H1129608 A JPH1129608 A JP H1129608A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
water
weight
polymerization
aqueous resin
emulsion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP10033900A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP3678902B2 (en
Inventor
Takeo Tsukamoto
健夫 塚本
Norikiyo Kato
典聖 加藤
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitsubishi Chemical BASF Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Mitsubishi Chemical BASF Co Ltd
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Priority to JP03390098A priority Critical patent/JP3678902B2/en
Publication of JPH1129608A publication Critical patent/JPH1129608A/en
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Publication of JP3678902B2 publication Critical patent/JP3678902B2/en
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  • Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for easily producing an ultramicro particular aqueous resin emulsion excellent in polymerizable stability and having a particle size of 0.03-0.08 μm. SOLUTION: This method comprises emulsion polymerization, in a water- dispersed medium obtained by dispersing (A) a water-dispersible copolymer in water, (B) an unsaturated monomer having polymerizable double bond(s) to produce an aqueous resin emulsion having a mean particle size of 0.03-0.08 μm. Wherein, the water-dispersible copolymer includes (Al) 3-40 wt.% of an ethylenic unsaturated carboxylic acid (Al) and, as the residue, (A2) an ethlylenic unsaturated carboxylic acid, having a mean particle size of 0.005-0.03 μm.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【技術分野】本発明は,保護コロイド重合によって,容
易に超微粒子水性エマルジョンを製造する方法に関する
ものである。
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for easily producing an ultrafine aqueous emulsion by protective colloid polymerization.

【0002】[0002]

【従来技術】粒子径が,0. 005〜0. 05μm程度
の超微粒子水性樹脂エマルジョンは,一般的な乳化重合
で得られる白色不透明な水性樹脂エマルジョンとは異な
り,反射光に対して青白色で,透過光に対しては黄赤色
に見える半透明ないしは,透明な溶液である。そして,
成膜時には,その微細な粒子径により,緻密で,透明性
の良い皮膜の形成が可能である。
2. Description of the Related Art An ultrafine aqueous resin emulsion having a particle diameter of about 0.005 to 0.05 .mu.m is different from a white opaque aqueous resin emulsion obtained by general emulsion polymerization and has a bluish white color against reflected light. It is a translucent or transparent solution that looks yellow-red for transmitted light. And
At the time of film formation, a dense and highly transparent film can be formed due to the fine particle diameter.

【0003】水性樹脂エマルジョンの製造方法として一
般的である乳化剤を用いた乳化重合では,生成する水性
樹脂エマルジョン粒子の粒子径は,乳化剤量の増加とと
もに減少することがよく知られている。すなわち,超微
粒子水性樹脂エマルジョンを生成するためには,非常に
多量の乳化剤を必要とする。
It is well known that in emulsion polymerization using an emulsifier, which is a general method for producing an aqueous resin emulsion, the particle size of the resulting aqueous resin emulsion particles decreases as the amount of the emulsifier increases. That is, a very large amount of an emulsifier is required to produce an ultrafine aqueous resin emulsion.

【0004】[0004]

【解決しようとする課題】しかしながら,重合安定性及
び生成する水性樹脂エマルジョンの分散安定性の確保に
不可欠なこの乳化剤は,乾燥後の皮膜の耐水性や基材と
の接着性などの諸物性に悪影響を及ぼす欠点を有してお
り,多量の使用は,実用的ではない。そこで,これらの
乳化剤の欠点を改良する一つの方法として,水溶性高分
子を用いた乳化重合,すなわち保護コロイド重合法があ
げられる。
However, this emulsifier, which is indispensable for ensuring the stability of polymerization and the dispersion stability of the aqueous resin emulsion to be formed, has various properties such as water resistance of the dried film and adhesion to the substrate. It has the disadvantage of adverse effects and is not practical for large quantities. Therefore, as one method for improving the drawbacks of these emulsifiers, there is an emulsion polymerization using a water-soluble polymer, that is, a protective colloid polymerization method.

【0005】しかしながら,この重合方法の場合には,
得られる水性樹脂エマルジョン粒子の粒子径の制御は困
難である。そのため,安定な超微粒子水性樹脂エマルジ
ョンを得ることが非常に困難であった。
[0005] However, in the case of this polymerization method,
It is difficult to control the particle size of the obtained aqueous resin emulsion particles. Therefore, it has been very difficult to obtain a stable ultrafine aqueous resin emulsion.

【0006】本発明は,上記従来の問題点に鑑み,重合
安定性良く,0. 03〜0. 08μmの超微粒子水性樹
脂エマルジョンを容易に製造することができる方法を提
供しようとするものである。
The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and has as its object to provide a method capable of easily producing an ultrafine aqueous resin emulsion of 0.03 to 0.08 μm with good polymerization stability. .

【0007】[0007]

【課題の解決手段】請求項1の発明は,水分散性共重合
体(A)を水中に分散させてなる水分散媒中において,
重合性二重結合を含有する不飽和単量体(B)を乳化重
合させることにより,平均粒子径が0. 03〜0. 08
μmの水性樹脂エマルジョンを製造する方法であって,
上記水分散性共重合体(A)は,エチレン性不飽和カル
ボン酸単位(A1)が3〜40重量%と上記エチレン性
不飽和カルボン酸と共重合可能な不飽和単量体単位(A
2)が残部とよりなると共に,上記水分散媒中における
平均粒子径が0. 005〜0. 03μmであることを特
徴とする超微粒子水性樹脂エマルジョンの製造方法であ
る。
According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an aqueous dispersion medium comprising a water-dispersible copolymer (A) dispersed in water.
By subjecting the unsaturated monomer (B) containing a polymerizable double bond to emulsion polymerization, the average particle size is from 0.03 to 0.08.
A method for producing an aqueous resin emulsion of μm, comprising:
The water-dispersible copolymer (A) has 3 to 40% by weight of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid unit (A1) and an unsaturated monomer unit (A) copolymerizable with the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid.
2) The method for producing an ultrafine particle aqueous resin emulsion, wherein the balance is the balance, and the average particle diameter in the aqueous dispersion medium is 0.005 to 0.03 μm.

【0008】本発明においては,上記水分散性共重合体
(A)として,エチレン性不飽和カルボン酸単位(A
1)を上記特定の範囲に規定している。したがって,本
発明によれば,平均粒子経0. 03〜0. 08μmの超
微粒子水性樹脂エマルジョンを効率的に,重合安定性よ
く得ることができる。
In the present invention, as the water-dispersible copolymer (A), an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid unit (A
1) is defined in the above specific range. Therefore, according to the present invention, an ultrafine aqueous resin emulsion having an average particle diameter of 0.03 to 0.08 μm can be obtained efficiently and with good polymerization stability.

【0009】このようにして得た超微粒子水性樹脂エマ
ルジョンは,超微粒子であるため特に,乾燥フィルムに
した場合,あるいは乾燥フィルムを加熱処理した場合,
保護コロイド成分とエマルジョン粒子の樹脂成分が相互
に混ざり合い,均質なフィルムが得られやすいといった
特長がある。こうした特長を生かし,塗料用バインダー
や感熱材料への展開が期待できる。
Since the ultrafine particle aqueous resin emulsion thus obtained is an ultrafine particle, especially when it is formed into a dry film or when the dry film is heat-treated,
The protective colloid component and the resin component of the emulsion particles are mixed with each other, so that a uniform film is easily obtained. Taking advantage of these features, it can be expected to be applied to paint binders and heat-sensitive materials.

【0010】一方,超微粒子であることは,特にスレー
ト板やケイ酸カルシウム板などの無機質基材への浸透性
が良好であることを意味しており,補強用シーラーとし
て応用できる可能性も高い。
On the other hand, the use of ultrafine particles means good permeability to inorganic base materials such as a slate plate and a calcium silicate plate, and has a high possibility of being used as a reinforcing sealer. .

【0011】本発明においては,水分散性共重合体
(A)を保護コロイドとして上記不飽和単量体(B)を
乳化重合反応させて超微粒子状の水性樹脂エマルジョン
生成させる。本発明で使用される水分散性共重合体
(A)は,エチレン性不飽和カルボン酸単位(A1)を
3〜40重量%含有し,残部として該エチレン性不飽和
カルボン酸と共重合可能な不飽和単量体単位(A2)を
含有する共重合体である。エチレン性不飽和カルボン酸
としては,アクリル酸,メタクリル酸,イタコン酸など
があげられる。不飽和カルボン酸は1種類を用いてもよ
いし,2種以上を併用してもよい。
In the present invention, the unsaturated monomer (B) is subjected to an emulsion polymerization reaction using the water-dispersible copolymer (A) as a protective colloid to form an ultrafine aqueous resin emulsion. The water-dispersible copolymer (A) used in the present invention contains 3 to 40% by weight of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid unit (A1), and the remainder is copolymerizable with the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid. It is a copolymer containing an unsaturated monomer unit (A2). Examples of the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and itaconic acid. One type of unsaturated carboxylic acid may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.

【0012】エチレン性不飽和カルボン酸単位(A1)
が3重量%未満の場合には,アルカリを添加した場合で
も十分に水に分散化せず,安定な乳化重合の実現が難し
い。一方,40重量%を超えると,水分散性共重合体
(A)自体の粘性が高く,その後の乳化重合の操作過程
での作業性が低下すると共に,乳化重合後に得られる水
性樹脂エマルジョン粒子の粒径が,増大する。なお,好
ましくは,5〜20重量%である。
Ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid unit (A1)
If it is less than 3% by weight, it will not be sufficiently dispersed in water even when an alkali is added, making it difficult to realize stable emulsion polymerization. On the other hand, when the content exceeds 40% by weight, the viscosity of the water-dispersible copolymer (A) itself is high, the workability in the operation process of the subsequent emulsion polymerization is reduced, and the aqueous resin emulsion particles obtained after the emulsion polymerization are reduced. The particle size increases. Incidentally, the content is preferably 5 to 20% by weight.

【0013】次に,上記エチレン性不飽和カルボン酸と
共重合させられる不飽和単量体単位(A2)は,特に限
定されないが,アクリル酸もしくはメタクリル酸の炭素
数1〜18のアルキルエステル(例えば,アクリル酸も
しくはメタクリル酸のメチル,エチル,イソプロピル,
n−プロピル,s−ブチル,イソブチル,t−ブチル,
2−エチルヘキシル,ラウリル,ステアリルなどのエス
テル),アクリル酸もしくはメタクリル酸のシクロアル
キルエステル(例えば,アクリル酸もしくはメタクリル
酸のシクロヘキシルエステル),ビニル芳香族化合物
(例えば,スチレン,α−メチルスチレン),ハロゲン
化ビニル(例えば,塩化ビニル,塩化ビニリデン),エ
ポキシ基含有不飽和単量体(例えば,グリシジルメタク
リレート),ヒドロキシル基含有不飽和単量体(例え
ば,2−ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート,3−ヒドロ
キシプロピルアクリレート),不飽和カルボン酸アミド
(例えば,アクリル酸アミド,メタクリル酸アミド),
不飽和カルボン酸アミドのN−アルキル及び/またはN
−アルキロール誘導体(例えば,N−メチルアクリルア
ミド,N−イソブチルアクリルアミド,N−メチロール
アクリルアミド,N−メチロールメタクリルアミド),
飽和カルボン酸ビニルエステル(例えば,酢酸ビニル,
プロピオン酸ビニル),アクリロニトリル,メタクリロ
ニトリル等が挙げられる。
The unsaturated monomer unit (A2) copolymerized with the above-mentioned ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid is not particularly limited, but may be an alkyl ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid having 1 to 18 carbon atoms (for example, , Acrylic or methacrylic acid methyl, ethyl, isopropyl,
n-propyl, s-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl,
Esters such as 2-ethylhexyl, lauryl and stearyl), cycloalkyl esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid (eg, cyclohexyl esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid), vinyl aromatic compounds (eg, styrene, α-methylstyrene), halogens Vinyl chloride (eg, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride), unsaturated monomer containing epoxy group (eg, glycidyl methacrylate), unsaturated monomer containing hydroxyl group (eg, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl acrylate) , Unsaturated carboxylic amides (eg, acrylamide, methacrylamide),
N-alkyl and / or N of unsaturated carboxylic amide
-Alkylol derivatives (for example, N-methylacrylamide, N-isobutylacrylamide, N-methylolacrylamide, N-methylolmethacrylamide),
Saturated carboxylic acid vinyl esters (eg, vinyl acetate,
Vinyl propionate), acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile and the like.

【0014】さらに,少なくとも1個のアルデヒド基又
はケト基及び重合可能な二重結合を有するカルボニル含
有単量体(例えば,アクロレイン,ジアセトンアクリル
アミド,ホルミルスチロール,ビニルアルキルケトン)
を0. 5〜30重量%,好ましくは,5〜20重量%使
用した場合,乳化重合によって得られた水性樹脂エマル
ジョンにヒドラジン誘導体を加えると,基材に対する接
着性,耐水性等が,その粒径の細かさとの相乗効果によ
り向上する
Further, a carbonyl-containing monomer having at least one aldehyde group or keto group and a polymerizable double bond (eg, acrolein, diacetone acrylamide, formylstyrene, vinyl alkyl ketone)
When 0.5 to 30% by weight, preferably 5 to 20% by weight is used, when a hydrazine derivative is added to the aqueous resin emulsion obtained by emulsion polymerization, the adhesion to a substrate, the water resistance, etc. are reduced. Improved by synergistic effect with fineness of diameter

【0015】0. 5重量%未満では,乳化重合によって
得られた水性樹脂エマルジョンにヒドラジン誘導体を加
えても,著しい物性の改善効果は見られない。30重量
%を超えると,得られる水性樹脂エマルジョンの粒径
が,増大し,重合安定性は著しく低下する傾向にある。
If the amount is less than 0.5% by weight, even if a hydrazine derivative is added to the aqueous resin emulsion obtained by the emulsion polymerization, no remarkable effect of improving the physical properties is obtained. If it exceeds 30% by weight, the particle size of the resulting aqueous resin emulsion tends to increase, and the polymerization stability tends to decrease significantly.

【0016】次に,上記水分散性共重合体(A)の平均
粒子径は,0. 005〜0. 03μmである。0. 00
5μm未満では乳化重合後に得られる水性樹脂エマルジ
ョン粒子の粒径が増大するという問題があり,一方,
0. 03μmを超えると乳化重合の安定性低下の問題が
ある。そのためには,水分散性共重合体の一部を構成す
るエチレン性不飽和カルボン酸単位(A1)の量に合わ
せ,エチレン性不飽和カルボン酸と共重合させられ不飽
和単量体単位(A2)を選択して,親水/疎水のバラン
スをとることが重要である。
Next, the average particle size of the water-dispersible copolymer (A) is 0.005 to 0.03 μm. 0.00
If it is less than 5 μm, there is a problem that the particle size of the aqueous resin emulsion particles obtained after the emulsion polymerization increases, while
If it exceeds 0.03 μm, there is a problem that the stability of emulsion polymerization is reduced. For this purpose, the amount of the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid unit (A1) constituting a part of the water-dispersible copolymer is adjusted to the amount of the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid and the unsaturated monomeric unit (A2). It is important to select (1) to balance hydrophilic / hydrophobic.

【0017】例えば,エチレン性不飽和カルボン酸の量
が少ない組成では,相対的に親水性の高いメタクリル酸
メチルの様な炭素数の少ないアルキル基を有するアクリ
ル酸もしくはメタクリル酸エステルの量を増やす必要が
ある。一方,エチレン性不飽和カルボン酸の量が多い組
成では,相対的に疎水性の高いメタクリル酸ブチルの様
な炭素数の多いアルキル基を有するアクリル酸もしくは
メタクリル酸エステルもしくはスチレンの量を増やす必
要がある。なお,ここで言う平均粒子径は,動的光散乱
法にて測定された重量平均粒子径を指す。
For example, in a composition in which the amount of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid is small, it is necessary to increase the amount of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid ester having an alkyl group having a small number of carbon atoms such as methyl methacrylate having relatively high hydrophilicity. There is. On the other hand, in a composition having a large amount of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, it is necessary to increase the amount of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid ester or styrene having an alkyl group having a large number of carbon atoms such as butyl methacrylate having relatively high hydrophobicity. is there. Here, the average particle size refers to a weight average particle size measured by a dynamic light scattering method.

【0018】この水分散性共重合体(A)のガラス転移
温度は,特には限定されないが,重合安定性の点から0
〜100℃であることが好ましい。0℃未満では重合安
定性低下の問題があり,一方100℃を超えると,理由
ははっきりしないが,乳化重合後に得られる水性樹脂エ
マルジョン粒子の粒径の増大という問題がある。なお,
最も好ましくは,30〜70℃である。この水分散性共
重合体(A)の重量平均分子量は,特には限定されない
が,重合安定性の点から1, 000〜30, 000であ
ることが好ましく,最も好ましくは,5, 000〜2
0, 000である。
The glass transition temperature of the water-dispersible copolymer (A) is not particularly limited, but may be 0 from the viewpoint of polymerization stability.
It is preferable that it is -100 degreeC. If the temperature is lower than 0 ° C., there is a problem of a decrease in polymerization stability. On the other hand, if the temperature is higher than 100 ° C., although the reason is not clear, there is a problem that the particle size of the aqueous resin emulsion particles obtained after emulsion polymerization increases. In addition,
Most preferably, it is 30 to 70 ° C. The weight average molecular weight of the water-dispersible copolymer (A) is not particularly limited, but is preferably from 1,000 to 30,000, and most preferably from 5,000 to 2,000, from the viewpoint of polymerization stability.
000.

【0019】本発明の水分散性共重合体(A)の製造方
法としては,溶剤を一切用いないバルク重合,有機溶剤
中で行う溶液重合,水中の重合である懸濁重合や乳化重
合など常法に従った方法が挙げられる。但し,乳化重合
で製造する場合は,本超微粒子水性樹脂エマルジョンに
乳化剤が含まれることになるため,こうした観点から,
懸濁重合及び溶液重合が好ましい。さらに,均一粒径分
布を有する水分散性共重合体の製造の観点から,溶液重
合がさらに好ましい。
The method for producing the water-dispersible copolymer (A) of the present invention includes conventional methods such as bulk polymerization using no solvent, solution polymerization performed in an organic solvent, suspension polymerization and emulsion polymerization in water. The method according to the law is mentioned. However, in the case of production by emulsion polymerization, an emulsifier is included in the present ultrafine particle aqueous resin emulsion.
Suspension polymerization and solution polymerization are preferred. Further, from the viewpoint of producing a water-dispersible copolymer having a uniform particle size distribution, solution polymerization is more preferred.

【0020】溶液重合により製造する場合に用いる有機
溶媒は,特には限定されないが,イソプロピルアルコー
ル,n−ブチルアルコール,s−ブチルアルコールなど
のアルコール類,ブチルセロソルブなどのセロソルブ類
などが挙げられる。溶液重合の重合開始剤としては,例
えば過酸化ベンゾイルやt−ブチルハイドロパーオキサ
イド等の有機過酸化物やアゾビスイソブチロニトリル等
のアゾ系開始剤等が挙げられる。また,分子量調整剤と
して有機ハロゲン化物やアルキルメルカプタン類といっ
た連鎖移動剤を用いることも可能である。
The organic solvent used in the case of production by solution polymerization is not particularly limited, but includes alcohols such as isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol and s-butyl alcohol, and cellosolves such as butyl cellosolve. Examples of the polymerization initiator for the solution polymerization include organic peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide and t-butyl hydroperoxide, and azo initiators such as azobisisobutyronitrile. It is also possible to use a chain transfer agent such as an organic halide or an alkyl mercaptan as a molecular weight regulator.

【0021】こうして得られた樹脂溶液から,減圧によ
って溶媒を留去した後,水,アルカリを加えることによ
り,水分散性共重合体(A)の水分散液を調製する。こ
の際,水分散性共重合体(A)の平均粒子径が,0. 0
05〜0. 03μmなるように,水分散液中に残存する
有機溶剤の量及び/又は添加するアルカリの量を調整す
る。
After the solvent is distilled off from the resin solution thus obtained under reduced pressure, water and an alkali are added to prepare an aqueous dispersion of the water-dispersible copolymer (A). At this time, the average particle size of the water-dispersible copolymer (A) was 0.0
The amount of the organic solvent remaining in the aqueous dispersion and / or the amount of the added alkali is adjusted so that the thickness becomes 0.05 to 0.03 μm.

【0022】上記のアルカリしては,アンモニア,トリ
エチルアミン,エタノールアミン,2-アミノ-2- メチル
プロパノール等の有機アミン又は水酸化ナトリウム等が
あげられる。その中でも,乳化重合後に得られる水性樹
脂エマルジョンが,耐水性の要求される用途に使用され
る場合には,成膜後の耐水性の面よりアンモニアを用い
ることが最も好ましい。
Examples of the alkali include organic amines such as ammonia, triethylamine, ethanolamine and 2-amino-2-methylpropanol, and sodium hydroxide. Among them, when the aqueous resin emulsion obtained after emulsion polymerization is used for applications requiring water resistance, it is most preferable to use ammonia from the viewpoint of water resistance after film formation.

【0023】また,乳化重合や懸濁重合の場合には,分
子量制御のための上記の連鎖移動剤を用いることが必須
となり,また特に高分子量化しやすい乳化重合にはレド
ックス開始剤を用いるなど分子量制御の配慮が必要であ
る。
In the case of emulsion polymerization or suspension polymerization, it is essential to use the above-mentioned chain transfer agent for controlling the molecular weight. In particular, for the emulsion polymerization which tends to increase the molecular weight, a redox initiator is used. Control considerations are required.

【0024】乳化重合の重合開始剤としては,例えば過
硫酸カリウム,過硫酸ナトリウム,過硫酸アンモニウ
ム,過酸化水素などの無機過酸化物が好ましいが,その
他アゾビスイソブチロニトリル,アゾビスバレロニトリ
ルなどのアゾ系開始剤;ベンゾイルパーオキシド,ラウ
ロイルパーオキシド,t−ブチルパーオキシドなどの有
機過酸化物系開始剤も使用できる。また,これらの開始
剤に,ロンガリット,L−アスコビン酸,有機アミン,
金属塩などの還元剤を併用してレドックス開始剤として
用いても良い。
As the polymerization initiator for the emulsion polymerization, for example, inorganic peroxides such as potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, and hydrogen peroxide are preferable, and azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisvaleronitrile, etc. Azo initiators; organic peroxide initiators such as benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide and t-butyl peroxide can also be used. Also, these initiators include Rongalit, L-ascobic acid, organic amines,
A redox initiator may be used in combination with a reducing agent such as a metal salt.

【0025】乳化重合で用いる乳化剤としては,ジアル
キルスルホコハク酸ナトリウム,アルキルスルホン酸の
アルカリ金属塩,オキシアルキル化されたアルコールま
たはアルキルフェノールのアルキル金属塩,脂肪酸のア
ルカリ金属塩などのアニオン性界面活性剤,ノニオン性
界面活性剤の各種があげられる。
Examples of the emulsifier used in the emulsion polymerization include anionic surfactants such as sodium dialkyl sulfosuccinate, alkali metal salts of alkyl sulfonic acids, alkyl metal salts of oxyalkylated alcohols or alkyl phenols, and alkali metal salts of fatty acids. Various types of nonionic surfactants can be used.

【0026】乳化重合時の分子量を制御する方法とし
て,上記の連鎖移動剤と共に,極性有機溶剤を共存させ
る方法が有効である。極性有機溶剤としては,水と相溶
するか,水と相溶しないまでも,水にかなりの程度溶解
できる有機溶剤であり,連鎖移動性の高い溶剤が好まし
い。例えばメチルアルコール,エチルアルコール,n−
プロピルアルコール,イソプロピルアルコール,n−ブ
チルアルコール,s−ブチルアルコール,エチレングリ
コールなどのアルコール類,メチルセロソルブ,エチル
セロソルブ,ブチルセロソルブなどのセロソルブ類など
が使用される。
As a method of controlling the molecular weight at the time of emulsion polymerization, a method of coexisting a polar organic solvent with the above-mentioned chain transfer agent is effective. The polar organic solvent is an organic solvent which is compatible with water or is soluble in water to a considerable extent even if it is not compatible with water, and a solvent having a high chain transfer property is preferable. For example, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, n-
Alcohols such as propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, s-butyl alcohol, and ethylene glycol, and cellosolves such as methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, and butyl cellosolve are used.

【0027】懸濁重合の重合開始剤としては,例えばア
ゾビスイソブチロニトリル,アゾビスバレロニトリルな
どのアゾ系開始剤;ベンゾイルパーオキシド,ラウロイ
ルパーオキシド,t−ブチルパーオキシドなどの有機過
酸化物系開始剤も使用できる。
Examples of the polymerization initiator for suspension polymerization include azo initiators such as azobisisobutyronitrile and azobisvaleronitrile; and organic peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide and t-butyl peroxide. Physical initiators can also be used.

【0028】懸濁重合の分散安定剤としては,けん化度
が70〜100重量%のポリビニルアルコールやポリア
クリル酸ソーダなどの水溶性高分子があげられる。懸濁
重合後,ろ過により分離した樹脂または乳化重合によっ
て生成した水性樹脂は,上記のアルカリの添加,必要に
応じて上記極性有機溶剤の併用により,上記平均粒子径
範囲の水分散性共重合体(A)に調製される。
Examples of the dispersion stabilizer for suspension polymerization include water-soluble polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol and sodium polyacrylate having a saponification degree of 70 to 100% by weight. After the suspension polymerization, the resin separated by filtration or the aqueous resin produced by emulsion polymerization is added to the above-mentioned alkali and, if necessary, used in combination with the above-mentioned polar organic solvent to form a water-dispersible copolymer having the above-mentioned average particle size range. Prepared in (A).

【0029】本発明の水分散性共重合体(A)は,2種
類以上の組成の異なるものを混合して使用することがで
きる。また,それらを用いた乳化重合方法は,常法に従
って行えば良く,その際に上記の乳化重合用の重合開始
剤が使用される。
The water-dispersible copolymer (A) of the present invention can be used as a mixture of two or more kinds having different compositions. Emulsion polymerization using them may be carried out in accordance with a conventional method, in which case the above-mentioned polymerization initiator for emulsion polymerization is used.

【0030】次に,請求項2の発明のように,上記水分
散性共重合体(A)は,上記不飽和単量体(B)の10
0重量%に対して25〜100重量%用いることが好ま
しい。
Next, as in the second aspect of the present invention, the water-dispersible copolymer (A) contains 10% of the unsaturated monomer (B).
It is preferable to use 25 to 100% by weight based on 0% by weight.

【0031】25重量%未満の場合には,重合安定性が
低下し,得られる水性樹脂エマルジョンの粒子径が増大
する。一方,100重量%を超えると,耐水性等の物性
の低下が著しく,塗料用バインダー等に用いる場合,実
用性に乏しくなる。
When the amount is less than 25% by weight, the polymerization stability decreases and the particle size of the resulting aqueous resin emulsion increases. On the other hand, if it exceeds 100% by weight, physical properties such as water resistance are remarkably deteriorated, and when it is used as a binder for paints and the like, the practicality becomes poor.

【0032】次に,請求項3の発明のように,上記不飽
和単量体(B)は,(a)アクリル酸もしくはメタクリ
ル酸の炭素数8未満のアルキルエステル20〜95重量
%,(b)アクリル酸もしくはメタクリル酸の炭素数8
〜18のアルキルエステルもしくはシクロアルキルエス
テル0〜40重量%,(c)ビニル芳香族化合物5〜4
0重量%,(d)その他の単量体0〜30重量%の中か
ら選ばれる2種以上(ただし,(a)+ (b)+ (c)
+ (d)= 100重量%とする。)であることを特徴と
する超微粒子水性エマルジョンの製造方法を用いること
ができる。
Next, as in the invention of claim 3, the unsaturated monomer (B) comprises (a) 20 to 95% by weight of an alkyl ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid having less than 8 carbon atoms, (b) ) C8 of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid
0 to 40% by weight of an alkyl ester or cycloalkyl ester of (c) a vinyl aromatic compound 5 to 4
0% by weight, (d) two or more kinds selected from 0 to 30% by weight of other monomers (provided that (a) + (b) + (c)
+ (D) = 100% by weight. ) Can be used.

【0033】即ち,乳化重合用に重合性二重結合を有す
る不飽和単量体(B)は,生成する水性樹脂超微粒子水
性エマルジョンの用途等に応じて種々のものを用いるこ
とができる。
That is, as the unsaturated monomer (B) having a polymerizable double bond for emulsion polymerization, various ones can be used according to the use of the resulting aqueous emulsion of ultrafine resin particles.

【0034】上記(a)の成分について,その量が20
重量%未満である場合には,重量の不安定化により水性
樹脂エマルジョンの微粒子径が増大するおそれがある。
一方,上記(a)の成分が95重量%を超えた場合に
は,結果的にエチレン性不飽和カルボン酸単位が少なく
なり,重量が不安定化,凝集物が増加するおそれがあ
る。また,炭素数が8以上である場合には,疎水性が向
上し,重合安定性が低下するおそれがある。なお,炭素
数の下限は,重合性安定を確保するため1とすることが
好ましい。
The amount of the component (a) is 20
If the amount is less than% by weight, the particle diameter of the aqueous resin emulsion may increase due to instability of the weight.
On the other hand, when the amount of the component (a) exceeds 95% by weight, the number of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid units may decrease, resulting in unstable weight and increased aggregates. When the number of carbon atoms is 8 or more, the hydrophobicity is improved, and the polymerization stability may be reduced. Note that the lower limit of the number of carbon atoms is preferably set to 1 in order to secure polymerization stability.

【0035】上記(b)成分においては,炭素数が8〜
18のものを用いる。炭素数が18を超えた場合には,
共重合性が低いため,重合終了後のモノマー量が増加す
るおそれがある。上記(b)成分が40重量%を超える
と,粒子径は増大し,重合安定性は著しく低下する傾向
にある。
The component (b) has a carbon number of 8 to
Eighteen ones are used. If the carbon number exceeds 18,
Since the copolymerizability is low, the amount of the monomer after the polymerization may increase. If the component (b) exceeds 40% by weight, the particle size tends to increase, and the polymerization stability tends to decrease significantly.

【0036】また,上記(c)成分は,重合安定性,粒
子の微細化の面で,重要な役割を果たし,5重量%未満
では粒子が増大する傾向にあり,40重量%を超えると
再び重合安定性は低下し,粒子径は増大する傾向とな
る。
The component (c) plays an important role in terms of polymerization stability and particle refining. If the content is less than 5% by weight, the particles tend to increase. The polymerization stability tends to decrease and the particle size tends to increase.

【0037】上記(d)の成分が40重量%を超えた場
合には,粒子径が増大し,重合安定性が著しく低下する
おそれがある。
When the amount of the component (d) exceeds 40% by weight, the particle size increases, and the polymerization stability may be significantly reduced.

【0038】次に,上記の(a)成分としては,例え
ば,アクリル酸もしくはメタクリル酸のメチル,エチ
ル,イソプロピル,n−プロピル,n−ブチル,イソブ
チル,t−ブチルなどのエステルが挙げられる。(b)
成分として,上記のアクリル酸もしくはメタクリル酸の
炭素数8〜18のアルキルエステルとしては,例えば,
アクリル酸もしくはメタクリル酸の2−エチルヘキシ
ル,ラウリル,ステアリルなどのエステルが挙げられ
る。また,アクリル酸もしくはメタクリル酸のシクロア
ルキルエステルとしては,例えば,アクリル酸もしくは
メタクリル酸のシクロヘキシルエステルが挙げられる。
(c)成分としては,例えば,スチレン,4−メチルス
チレン,α−メチルスチレンが挙げらる。(d)成分と
しては,不飽和カルボン酸(例えば,アクリル酸,メタ
クリル酸),不飽和カルボン酸アミド(例えば,アクリ
ル酸アミド,メタクリル酸アミド),飽和カルボン酸ビ
ニルエステル(例えば,酢酸ビニル,プロピオン酸ビニ
ル),アクリロニトリル,メタクリロニトリル,ハロゲ
ン化ビニル(例えば,塩化ビニル,塩化ビニリデン),
エポキシ基含有不飽和単量体(例えば,グリシジルメタ
クリレート),ヒドロキシル基含有不飽和単量体(例え
ば,2−ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート,3−ヒドロ
キシプロピルアクリレート),少なくとも1個のアルデ
ヒド基又はケト基及び重合可能な二重結合を有するカル
ボニル含有単量体(例えば,アクロレイン,ジアセトン
アクリルアミド,ホルミルスチロール,ビニルアルキル
ケトン)などが挙げられる。
Next, examples of the component (a) include esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl and t-butyl. (B)
As the component, the above-mentioned alkyl ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid having 8 to 18 carbon atoms includes, for example,
Esters such as 2-ethylhexyl, lauryl, and stearyl of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid are included. Examples of the cycloalkyl ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid include cyclohexyl ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid.
Examples of the component (c) include styrene, 4-methylstyrene, and α-methylstyrene. As the component (d), unsaturated carboxylic acids (for example, acrylic acid and methacrylic acid), unsaturated carboxylic amides (for example, acrylamide and methacrylamide), and saturated carboxylic acid vinyl esters (for example, vinyl acetate and propion) Acrylate), acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, vinyl halide (eg, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride),
Epoxy group-containing unsaturated monomer (for example, glycidyl methacrylate), hydroxyl group-containing unsaturated monomer (for example, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl acrylate), at least one aldehyde group or keto group, and polymerization Examples include carbonyl-containing monomers having a possible double bond (eg, acrolein, diacetone acrylamide, formylstyrene, vinyl alkyl ketone).

【0039】また,乳化重合の際には,本発明の水分散
性共重合体の優れた特性を損なわない程度に,乳化剤や
他の分散剤を併用することも可能である。このように,
併用される乳化剤としては,ジアルキルスルホコハク酸
ナトリウム,アルキルスルホン酸のアルカリ金属塩,オ
キシアルキル化されたアルコールまたはアルキルフェノ
ールのアルキル金属塩,脂肪酸のアルカリ金属塩などの
アニオン性界面活性剤,ノニオン性界面活性剤の各種が
あげられる。
In the emulsion polymerization, an emulsifier and other dispersants can be used together to such an extent that the excellent properties of the water-dispersible copolymer of the present invention are not impaired. in this way,
The emulsifiers used in combination are anionic surfactants such as sodium dialkyl sulfosuccinate, alkali metal salts of alkyl sulfonic acids, alkyl metal salts of oxyalkylated alcohols or alkyl phenols, alkali metal salts of fatty acids, and nonionic surfactants. Various types of agents are included.

【0040】尚,本発明の乳化重合方法においては,用
いる水分散性共重合体が酸性領域において分散性能が低
下するので,このような場合には特別の配慮が必要とな
る。即ち,本発明の乳化重合を,アクリル酸やメタクリ
ル酸などの不飽和カルボン酸を用いて実施する場合,あ
るいは開始剤として過硫酸塩を用いて実施する場合など
には,重合反応系が酸性領域に傾きやすく,不安定にな
ることがある。そのような場合には重合反応系にアルカ
リを添加して安定化させることが望ましい。
In the emulsion polymerization method of the present invention, the water-dispersible copolymer used has a reduced dispersibility in an acidic region, so that special consideration is required in such a case. That is, when the emulsion polymerization of the present invention is performed using an unsaturated carboxylic acid such as acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, or when using a persulfate as an initiator, the polymerization reaction system is in an acidic region. It is easy to tilt and may become unstable. In such a case, it is desirable to stabilize the polymerization reaction system by adding an alkali.

【0041】[0041]

【発明の実施の形態】BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

実施形態例1 水分散性共重合体の製造例,超微粒子水性樹脂エマルジ
ョン製造に関する実施例及び比較例をあげて詳細に説明
する。以下に示す,各例中の部および%は特に記載のな
い限り重量部および重量%である。 製造例1 水分散性共重合体を製造するため,まず温度調製機,撹
拌機,還流冷却機,供給容器および窒素導入管の付いた
反応器に,イソプロピルアルコール200部を仕込み窒
素置換した。一方,水分散性共重合体(A)を得るため
の原料として,表1に示す組成のモノマーを準備した。
Embodiment 1 A detailed description will be given of a production example of a water-dispersible copolymer and examples and comparative examples relating to production of an ultrafine aqueous resin emulsion. The parts and percentages shown in the following examples are parts by weight and percentages by weight unless otherwise specified. Production Example 1 In order to produce a water-dispersible copolymer, first, 200 parts of isopropyl alcohol was charged into a reactor equipped with a temperature controller, a stirrer, a reflux condenser, a supply container, and a nitrogen inlet tube, and the atmosphere was replaced with nitrogen. On the other hand, monomers having the composition shown in Table 1 were prepared as raw materials for obtaining the water-dispersible copolymer (A).

【0042】表1において,エチレン性不飽和カルボン
酸単位(A1)としては,アクリル酸,メタクリル酸が
示されている。また,エチレン性不飽和カルボン酸と共
重合可能な不飽和単量体単位(A2)としては,メタク
リル酸メチル,アクリル酸ブチル,アクリル酸エチル,
アクリル酸2−エチルヘキシル,スチレン,ジアセトン
アクリルアミドが示されている。また,表1の重合開始
剤ABNとはアゾビスイソブチロニトリル,BPOとは
ベンゾイルパーオキシドを示す。また,連鎖移動剤t−
DMはt−ドデシルメルカプタンを示す。
In Table 1, acrylic acid and methacrylic acid are shown as the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid units (A1). The unsaturated monomer units (A2) copolymerizable with the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid include methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate,
2-ethylhexyl acrylate, styrene and diacetone acrylamide are indicated. In Table 1, the polymerization initiator ABN indicates azobisisobutyronitrile, and BPO indicates benzoyl peroxide. In addition, the chain transfer agent t-
DM indicates t-dodecyl mercaptan.

【0043】そして,反応器を80℃に加熱後,表1に
記載したモノマー混合溶液100部を供給容器から,ま
た重合開始剤としてのアゾビスイソブチロニトリル3部
をイソプロピルアルコール100部に溶解したものを別
の供給容器から各各2時間かけて均一に添加した。添加
終了後,反応器を80℃に保ってさらに1時間熟成し,
水分散性共重合体(A)が生成した均一な重合体溶液を
得た。
After heating the reactor to 80 ° C., 100 parts of the monomer mixture shown in Table 1 were dissolved in a supply container, and 3 parts of azobisisobutyronitrile as a polymerization initiator were dissolved in 100 parts of isopropyl alcohol. The resulting mixture was added uniformly from another supply container over 2 hours each. After the addition was completed, the reactor was kept at 80 ° C and aged for another hour,
A uniform polymer solution in which the water-dispersible copolymer (A) was formed was obtained.

【0044】次に,ロータリーエバポレーターを使って
減圧により,過剰のイソプロピルアルコールを留去した
後,脱イオン水を加えさらにアンモニアを加えて中和
し,さらに,イソプロピルアルコールを共沸により減圧
留去,アンモニアによる中和,脱イオン水の添加を繰り
返すことにより,pH8. 3,水分散性共重合体(A)
である樹脂固形分27.3%の樹脂分散液を得た。
Next, after excess isopropyl alcohol was distilled off under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator, deionized water was added, ammonia was further added to neutralize the mixture, and isopropyl alcohol was distilled off azeotropically under reduced pressure. By repeating the neutralization with ammonia and the addition of deionized water, pH 8.3, water-dispersible copolymer (A)
Was obtained as a resin dispersion having a resin solid content of 27.3%.

【0045】そして,GPC(ゲルパーミエーションク
ロマトグラフィー)で測定したところ,この樹脂の重量
平均分子量は約15, 000であり,動的光散乱法によ
り,その粒径は,0. 023μmであった。また,この
樹脂分散液中のイソプロピルアルコールの量は,GC
(ガスクロマトグラフィー)により,1, 200ppm
であった。
The resin was measured by GPC (gel permeation chromatography) to find that the weight average molecular weight of the resin was about 15,000, and the particle size was 0.023 μm by dynamic light scattering. . The amount of isopropyl alcohol in this resin dispersion was determined by GC
1,200ppm by (gas chromatography)
Met.

【0046】製造例2〜7 製造例1と同一の装置を用い,モノマー組成,溶媒,開
始剤などを表1に示すように変更して,各各均一な重合
体溶液を得た後,製造法1と同様に水置換することによ
って各表1又は表2に示すような水分散性共重合体
(A)を含む樹脂分散液を得た。
Production Examples 2 to 7 Using the same apparatus as in Production Example 1, the monomer composition, solvent, initiator, etc. were changed as shown in Table 1 to obtain each uniform polymer solution. By water replacement in the same manner as in Method 1, a resin dispersion containing the water-dispersible copolymer (A) as shown in Table 1 or Table 2 was obtained.

【0047】製造例8 製造例1と同一の装置を用い,反応器内に完全ケン化ポ
リビニルアルコール(重合度1700,酢酸基1モル
%)1. 5部及び部分ケン化ポリビニルアルコール(重
合度1700,酢酸基10モル%)0. 04部を水21
0部に溶解して加え,さらに過酸化ベンゾイル0. 9部
及びt−ドデシルメルカプタン5部をスチレン60部,
ブチルアクリレート25部,メタクリル酸15部に溶解
させて加え,激しく撹拌し,80℃で3時間反応させ
た。
Production Example 8 Using the same apparatus as in Production Example 1, 1.5 parts of completely saponified polyvinyl alcohol (degree of polymerization: 1700, acetic acid group: 1 mol%) and partially saponified polyvinyl alcohol (degree of polymerization: 1700) were placed in a reactor. , Acetic acid group, 10 mol%)
Of benzoyl peroxide and 5 parts of t-dodecyl mercaptan in 60 parts of styrene.
It was dissolved in 25 parts of butyl acrylate and 15 parts of methacrylic acid, added, stirred vigorously, and reacted at 80 ° C. for 3 hours.

【0048】その後,150メッシュでろ過し,パール
状の重合体を得た。GPC測定により,この重合体の重
量平均分子量は約12, 000であった。得られた重合
体は,脱イオン水,アンモニアの添加することにより分
散させ,最終的に,pH7.9,樹脂固形分27. 0%
の樹脂水溶液を得た。動的光散乱法により,その粒径
は,0. 010μmであった。また,これらについて,
表2に示した。
Thereafter, the mixture was filtered through 150 mesh to obtain a pearl-like polymer. According to GPC measurement, the weight-average molecular weight of this polymer was about 12,000. The obtained polymer was dispersed by adding deionized water and ammonia, and finally, the pH was 7.9 and the resin solid content was 27.0%.
A resin aqueous solution was obtained. According to the dynamic light scattering method, the particle size was 0.010 μm. In addition, about these,
The results are shown in Table 2.

【0049】製造例9 製造例1と同一の装置を用い反応器内に,水60部,イ
ソプロピルアルコール3部を挿入した。別に,供給物I
として下記のものを用意した。また,重合開始剤とし
て,供給物IIを用意した。 供給物I 水・・・60部 p−ノニルフェノールエチレンオキサイド20モル付加
物の硫酸エステルナトリウム塩の30%水溶液・・・7
部 メタクリル酸メチル・・・40部 アクリル酸エチル・・・10部 アクリル酸ブチル・・・30部 メタクリル酸・・・10部 アクリル酸・・・10部 t−ドデシルメルカプタン・・・3部 供給物II 水・・・30部 過硫酸ナトリウム・・・1部
Production Example 9 Using the same apparatus as in Production Example 1, 60 parts of water and 3 parts of isopropyl alcohol were inserted into a reactor. Separately, Feed I
The following were prepared. Feed II was prepared as a polymerization initiator. Feed I Water: 60 parts 30% aqueous solution of sodium salt of sulfate ester of 20 mol of p-nonylphenol ethylene oxide adduct: 7
Part Methyl methacrylate ... 40 parts Ethyl acrylate ... 10 parts Butyl acrylate ... 30 parts Methacrylic acid ... 10 parts Acrylic acid ... 10 parts t-dodecyl mercaptan ... 3 parts II Water: 30 parts Sodium persulfate: 1 part

【0050】次に,開始剤溶液を装入した反応器内を窒
素ガス置換した後,同反応器内に上記供給物Iの10%
を加え,その混合物を85℃に加熱した。次いで,上記
供給物IIの10%を同反応器内に投入してから,供給
物Iと供給物IIの残りを3〜3. 5時間かけて均一に
同反応器に供給した。その供給終了後,なお1. 5時間
85℃に保持して乳化重合させ,水性樹脂エマルジョン
を得た。60℃に冷却した後,水,アルカリを添加し
て,水分散性共重合体(A)の水分散液を得た。この水
分散液の樹脂濃度は約26%であった。また,動的光散
乱法により,その粒径は,0. 018μmであった。ま
た,これらについて,表2に示した。
Next, after the inside of the reactor charged with the initiator solution was replaced with nitrogen gas, 10% of the above-mentioned feed I was introduced into the reactor.
Was added and the mixture was heated to 85 ° C. Next, 10% of the above-mentioned feed II was charged into the same reactor, and then the remaining of the feed I and the feed II were uniformly fed to the same reactor over 3 to 3.5 hours. After the completion of the supply, the emulsion was polymerized while maintaining the temperature at 85 ° C. for 1.5 hours to obtain an aqueous resin emulsion. After cooling to 60 ° C., water and alkali were added to obtain an aqueous dispersion of the water-dispersible copolymer (A). The resin concentration of this aqueous dispersion was about 26%. The particle size was 0.018 μm by dynamic light scattering. These are shown in Table 2.

【0051】実施例1 製造例1と同一装置を用い反応器内に,水50部及び製
造例1で製造された水分散性共重合体(A)の水分散液
(水分散性共重合体の濃度25%に調整)を120部を
挿入した。これにより,表2に示すごとく,重合反応系
中における水分散性共重合体(A)の量は30部とな
る。別に,重合性二重結合を含有する不飽和単量体
(B)としての供給物Iとして下記のものを用意した。
不飽和単量体(B)の量は100部となる。また,重合
開始剤,pH調整剤として,供給物IIを用意した。
Example 1 An aqueous dispersion (water-dispersible copolymer) of 50 parts of water and the water-dispersible copolymer (A) produced in Production Example 1 was placed in a reactor using the same apparatus as in Production Example 1. (Adjusted to a concentration of 25%). Thus, as shown in Table 2, the amount of the water-dispersible copolymer (A) in the polymerization reaction system was 30 parts. Separately, the following was prepared as a feed I as an unsaturated monomer (B) containing a polymerizable double bond.
The amount of the unsaturated monomer (B) is 100 parts. Further, Feed II was prepared as a polymerization initiator and a pH adjuster.

【0052】供給物I(表2のモノマー組成100部) メタクリル酸メチル・・・45部 アクリル酸ブチル・・・45部 スチレン・・・10部 供給物II 水・・・40部 過硫酸ナトリウム・・・0. 5部 水酸化ナトリウム・・・0. 12部Feed I (monomer composition in Table 2 100 parts) Methyl methacrylate ... 45 parts Butyl acrylate ... 45 parts Styrene ... 10 parts Feed II water ... 40 parts Sodium persulfate ..0.5 parts Sodium hydroxide 0.12 parts

【0053】次に,上記の水分散性共重合体(A)と,
開始剤溶液を装入した反応器内を窒素ガス置換した後,
同反応器内に上記供給物Iの10%を加え,その混合物
を85℃に加熱した。次いで,供給物IIの10%を同
反応器内に投入してから,供給物Iと供給物IIの残り
を3〜3. 5時間かけて均一に同反応器に供給した。そ
の供給終了後なお1. 5時間85℃に保持して乳化重合
させ,超微粒子水性樹脂エマルジョンを得た。この水性
樹脂エマルジョンの樹脂濃度は約40%であった。ま
た,動的光散乱法により,その粒径は,0. 040μm
であった。
Next, the above water-dispersible copolymer (A)
After replacing the inside of the reactor with the initiator solution with nitrogen gas,
10% of Feed I above was added to the reactor and the mixture was heated to 85 ° C. Next, 10% of the feed II was charged into the reactor, and the remainder of the feed I and the feed II were uniformly fed to the reactor over a period of 3 to 3.5 hours. After the completion of the supply, the emulsion was kept at 85 ° C. for 1.5 hours to carry out emulsion polymerization to obtain an ultrafine aqueous resin emulsion. The resin concentration of this aqueous resin emulsion was about 40%. The particle size was 0.040 μm by dynamic light scattering.
Met.

【0054】単量体の組成,及び生成した超微粒子水性
樹脂エマルジョンの樹脂濃度を,表3にまとめて示し
た。表3において,水分散性共重合体の欄は上記製造例
により得た水分散性共重合体を示している。また,「モ
ノマー組成」は,重合性二重結合を含有する不飽和単量
体(B)の組成(重量%)を示す。
Table 3 summarizes the composition of the monomers and the resin concentration of the resulting ultrafine aqueous resin emulsion. In Table 3, the column of water-dispersible copolymer shows the water-dispersible copolymer obtained in the above Production Example. The “monomer composition” indicates the composition (% by weight) of the unsaturated monomer (B) containing a polymerizable double bond.

【0055】実施例2〜9 比較例1〜3 実施例1と同一装置を用い,水分散性共重合体,単量体
組成,開始剤などを表2に示すようにそれぞれ変更した
ほかは,実施例1にしたがって水性樹脂エマルジョンを
得た。その結果は,表3又は表4にまとめて示した。
Examples 2 to 9 Comparative Examples 1 to 3 The same apparatus as in Example 1 was used except that the water-dispersible copolymer, monomer composition, initiator and the like were changed as shown in Table 2, respectively. An aqueous resin emulsion was obtained according to Example 1. The results are summarized in Table 3 or Table 4.

【0056】重合安定性の評価:上記の各実施例,比較
例で得た超微粒子水性樹脂エマルジョンを150メッシ
ュの金網でろ過し,超微粒子中における凝集物の混在量
を測定し,製造時における重合安定性について,以下の
基準で評価した。 ◎・・・0. 1%未満の凝集物 ○・・・0. 1〜1%の凝集物 △・・・1〜5%の凝集物 ×・・・5%超の凝集物
Evaluation of polymerization stability: The ultrafine aqueous resin emulsion obtained in each of the above Examples and Comparative Examples was filtered through a 150-mesh wire net, and the amount of aggregates in the ultrafine particles was measured. The polymerization stability was evaluated according to the following criteria. ◎: Less than 0.1% of aggregates ○: 0.1 to 1% of aggregates △: 1 to 5% of aggregates ×: More than 5% of aggregates

【0057】表3,表4より知られるごとく,本発明に
かかる実施例1〜7によれば平均粒子径0. 04〜0.
075μmの超微粒子水性樹脂エマルジョンが得ること
ができ,また重合安定性にも優れている。また,これら
は超微粒子水性樹脂エマルジョンの粘度も低い。
As can be seen from Tables 3 and 4, according to Examples 1 to 7 of the present invention, the average particle size is from 0.04 to 0.4.
A 075 μm ultrafine aqueous resin emulsion can be obtained, and the polymerization stability is excellent. These also have a low viscosity of the ultrafine aqueous resin emulsion.

【0058】一方比較例1は製造例5で得た水分散性共
重合体の平均粒子径が,0. 005μmよりも小さいた
め,超微粒子水性エマルジョンの平均粒子径が大きく,
また粘度も著しく大きい。また比較例2は製造例6で得
た水分散性共重合体の平均粒子系が0. 03μmよりも
大きいため,重合安定性が悪く,目的とする超微粒子水
性樹脂エマルジョンを得ることができなかった。また,
比較例3は,製造例7で得た水分散性共重合体の平均粒
子径が0. 005よりも小さいため,超微粒子水性エマ
ルジョンの平均粒子径が大きい。
On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, since the average particle diameter of the water-dispersible copolymer obtained in Production Example 5 was smaller than 0.005 μm, the average particle diameter of the ultrafine aqueous emulsion was large.
Also, the viscosity is remarkably large. In Comparative Example 2, since the average particle system of the water-dispersible copolymer obtained in Production Example 6 was larger than 0.03 μm, the polymerization stability was poor and the desired ultrafine aqueous resin emulsion could not be obtained. Was. Also,
In Comparative Example 3, since the average particle size of the water-dispersible copolymer obtained in Production Example 7 was smaller than 0.005, the average particle size of the ultrafine aqueous emulsion was large.

【0059】上記より知られるように,本発明によれ
ば,従来高分子分散剤を用いて困難であった粒子径の制
御,特に,粒子径が0. 03〜0. 08μmの乳化剤フ
リーの超微粒子水性エマルジョンを得ることができる。
As is known from the above, according to the present invention, control of the particle size, which has been difficult with the conventional polymer dispersant, particularly, an emulsifier-free ultra-fine particle having a particle size of 0.03 to 0.08 μm. A fine particle aqueous emulsion can be obtained.

【0060】[0060]

【表1】 [Table 1]

【0061】[0061]

【表2】 [Table 2]

【0062】[0062]

【表3】 [Table 3]

【0063】[0063]

【表4】 [Table 4]

【0064】[0064]

【発明の効果】本発明によれば,重合安定性良く,0.
03〜0. 08μmの超微粒子水性樹脂エマルジョンを
容易に製造することができる方法を提供することができ
る。
According to the present invention, the polymerization stability is good,
It is possible to provide a method capable of easily producing an ultrafine aqueous resin emulsion having a particle size of 03 to 0.08 μm.

Claims (3)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 水分散性共重合体(A)を水中に分散さ
せてなる水分散媒中において、重合性二重結合を含有す
る不飽和単量体(B)を乳化重合させることにより、平
均粒子径が0. 03〜0. 08μmの水性樹脂エマルジ
ョンを製造する方法であって,上記水分散性共重合体
(A)は,エチレン性不飽和カルボン酸単位(A1)が
3〜40重量%と上記エチレン性不飽和カルボン酸と共
重合可能な不飽和単量体単位(A2)が残部とよりなる
と共に,上記水分散媒中における平均粒子径が0. 00
5〜0. 03μmであることを特徴とする超微粒子水性
樹脂エマルジョンの製造方法。
An emulsion polymerization of an unsaturated monomer (B) containing a polymerizable double bond in an aqueous dispersion medium obtained by dispersing a water-dispersible copolymer (A) in water, A method for producing an aqueous resin emulsion having an average particle diameter of 0.03 to 0.08 μm, wherein the water-dispersible copolymer (A) contains 3 to 40% by weight of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid unit (A1). % Of the unsaturated monomer unit (A2) copolymerizable with the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid and the average particle diameter in the aqueous dispersion medium is 0.00.
A method for producing an ultrafine aqueous resin emulsion having a particle size of 5 to 0.03 μm.
【請求項2】 請求項1において,上記水分散性共重合
体(A)は,上記不飽和単量体(B)の100重量部に
対して25〜100重量部用いることを特徴とする超微
粒子水性エマルジョンの製造方法。
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the water-dispersible copolymer (A) is used in an amount of 25 to 100 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the unsaturated monomer (B). A method for producing a fine particle aqueous emulsion.
【請求項3】 請求項1又は2において,上記不飽和単
量体(B)は,(a)アクリル酸もしくはメタクリル酸
の炭素数8未満のアルキルエステル20〜95重量%,
(b)アクリル酸もしくはメタクリル酸の炭素数8〜1
8のアルキルエステルもしくはシクロアルキルエステル
0〜40重量%,(c)ビニル芳香族化合物5〜40重
量%,(d)その他の単量体0〜30重量%の中から選
ばれる2種以上(ただし,(a)+ (b)+ (c)+
(d)= 100重量%とする。)であることを特徴とす
る超微粒子水性エマルジョンの製造方法。
3. The unsaturated monomer (B) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein (a) 20 to 95% by weight of an alkyl ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid having less than 8 carbon atoms,
(B) Acrylic acid or methacrylic acid having 8 to 1 carbon atoms
0 to 40% by weight of alkyl ester or cycloalkyl ester 8; (5) 40% by weight of (c) vinyl aromatic compound; , (A) + (b) + (c) +
(D) = 100% by weight. ).
JP03390098A 1997-05-16 1998-01-30 Method for producing ultrafine aqueous resin emulsion Expired - Fee Related JP3678902B2 (en)

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JP14335897 1997-05-16
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006312659A (en) * 2005-05-06 2006-11-16 Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd Polymer powder, method for producing the same, thermoplastic resin composition, and molding of the composition
JP2007063379A (en) * 2005-08-30 2007-03-15 Soken Chem & Eng Co Ltd Organic nanoparticle aqueous dispersion, method for producing the same and application of the same
KR20140127236A (en) 2012-01-31 2014-11-03 닛폰 에쿠스란 고교 가부시키가이샤 Composite aggregate resin particle and composition containing same particle
WO2023084805A1 (en) * 2021-11-11 2023-05-19 星光Pmc株式会社 Emulsion composition, aqueous coating agent, and method for producing emulsion composition

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0532711A (en) * 1991-07-26 1993-02-09 Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd Production of copolymer latex for paper coating and composition for paper coating
JPH0848705A (en) * 1994-08-09 1996-02-20 Nippon Zeon Co Ltd Polymer particle, preparation thereof, and polymer latex containing the polymer particle

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0532711A (en) * 1991-07-26 1993-02-09 Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd Production of copolymer latex for paper coating and composition for paper coating
JPH0848705A (en) * 1994-08-09 1996-02-20 Nippon Zeon Co Ltd Polymer particle, preparation thereof, and polymer latex containing the polymer particle

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006312659A (en) * 2005-05-06 2006-11-16 Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd Polymer powder, method for producing the same, thermoplastic resin composition, and molding of the composition
JP2007063379A (en) * 2005-08-30 2007-03-15 Soken Chem & Eng Co Ltd Organic nanoparticle aqueous dispersion, method for producing the same and application of the same
KR20140127236A (en) 2012-01-31 2014-11-03 닛폰 에쿠스란 고교 가부시키가이샤 Composite aggregate resin particle and composition containing same particle
WO2023084805A1 (en) * 2021-11-11 2023-05-19 星光Pmc株式会社 Emulsion composition, aqueous coating agent, and method for producing emulsion composition

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