JPH11271997A - Organic photoconductive material and electrophotographic photoreceptor using the same - Google Patents

Organic photoconductive material and electrophotographic photoreceptor using the same

Info

Publication number
JPH11271997A
JPH11271997A JP7435598A JP7435598A JPH11271997A JP H11271997 A JPH11271997 A JP H11271997A JP 7435598 A JP7435598 A JP 7435598A JP 7435598 A JP7435598 A JP 7435598A JP H11271997 A JPH11271997 A JP H11271997A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
group
photoconductive material
organic photoconductive
general formula
charge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP7435598A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP3703289B2 (en
Inventor
Tatsuya Kodera
達弥 小寺
Tomoko Taniguchi
智子 谷口
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd
Original Assignee
Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd filed Critical Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd
Priority to JP07435598A priority Critical patent/JP3703289B2/en
Publication of JPH11271997A publication Critical patent/JPH11271997A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3703289B2 publication Critical patent/JP3703289B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide the electrophotographic photoreceptor high in potential acceptance and sensitivity and capable of exhibiting stable performance not changed by repeated uses and to provide the organic electrophotographic photoreceptor usable for sensor materials and EL elements and electrostatic recording elements and the like. SOLUTION: The organic photoconductive material is represented by general formula I and the electrophotographic photoreceptor is provided on a conductive substrate with a photosensitive layer comprising this organic photoconductive material, and in general formula I, R<1> is an alkyl or aryl or aralkyl group; each of R<2> and R<3> is an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, aryl, or heterocyclic group; R<4> is an H or halogen atom or an alkyl or alkoxy group; and each of Ar<1> and Ar<2> is a phenyl or naphthyl group.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は有機光導電性材料及
びそれを用いた電子写真感光体に関し、詳しくは特定の
有機光導電性材料を含有することを特徴とする電子写真
感光体に関するものである。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an organic photoconductive material and an electrophotographic photoreceptor using the same, and more particularly, to an electrophotographic photoreceptor containing a specific organic photoconductive material. is there.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】近年、電子写真方式の利用は複写機の分
野に限らず印刷版材、スライドフィルム、マイクロフィ
ルム等の従来では写真技術が使われていた分野へ広が
り、またレーザーやLED、CRTを光源とする高速プ
リンターへの応用も検討されている。また最近では光導
電性材料の電子写真感光体以外の用途、例えば静電記録
素子、センサー材料、EL素子等への応用も検討され始
めた。従って光導電性材料及びそれを用いた電子写真感
光体に対する要求も高度で幅広いものになりつつある。
これまで電子写真方式の感光体としては無機系の光導電
性物質、例えばセレン、硫化カドミウム、酸化亜鉛、シ
リコンなどが知られており、広く研究され、かつ実用化
されている。これらの無機物質は多くの長所を持ってい
るのと同時に、種々の欠点をも有している。例えばセレ
ンには製造条件が難しく、熱や機械的衝撃で結晶化し易
いという欠点があり、硫化カドミウムや酸化亜鉛は耐湿
性、耐久性に難がある。シリコンについては帯電性の不
足や製造上の困難さが指摘されている。更に、セレンや
硫化カドミウムには毒性の問題もある。
2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, the use of the electrophotographic method has spread not only in the field of copying machines but also in fields in which photographic technology has been conventionally used, such as printing plate materials, slide films, and microfilms. Application to a high-speed printer using a light source is also being studied. Recently, the use of a photoconductive material other than an electrophotographic photosensitive member, for example, an application to an electrostatic recording element, a sensor material, an EL element, and the like has begun to be studied. Accordingly, demands for photoconductive materials and electrophotographic photoreceptors using the same are becoming higher and wider.
Heretofore, inorganic photoconductive materials such as selenium, cadmium sulfide, zinc oxide, and silicon have been known as electrophotographic photosensitive members, and have been widely studied and put to practical use. While these inorganic materials have many advantages, they also have various disadvantages. For example, selenium has drawbacks in that production conditions are difficult and crystallization is easily caused by heat or mechanical impact, and cadmium sulfide and zinc oxide have poor moisture resistance and durability. It has been pointed out that silicon is insufficient in chargeability and difficult to manufacture. In addition, selenium and cadmium sulfide have toxicity problems.

【0003】これに対して有機系の光導電性物質は成膜
性がよく、可撓性も優れていて軽量であり、透明性もよ
く、適当な増感方法により広範囲の波長域に対する感光
体の設計が容易であるなどの利点を有している。このた
め次第にその実用化が注目を浴びている。
On the other hand, organic photoconductive materials have good film-forming properties, are excellent in flexibility, are lightweight, have good transparency, and are suitable for photoreceptors over a wide wavelength range by an appropriate sensitization method. It has advantages such as easy design. For this reason, its practical use is gradually receiving attention.

【0004】ところで、電子写真技術に於て使用される
感光体は、一般的に基本的な性質として次のような事が
要求される。即ち、(1) 暗所におけるコロナ放電に対し
て帯電性が高いこと、(2) 得られた帯電電荷の暗所での
漏洩(暗減衰)が少ないこと、(3) 光の照射によって帯
電電荷の散逸(光減衰)が速やかであること、(4) 光照
射後の残留電荷が少ないことなどである。
Incidentally, the photoreceptor used in the electrophotographic technology is generally required to have the following basic properties. That is, (1) high chargeability against corona discharge in a dark place, (2) little leakage (dark decay) of the obtained charge in a dark place, and (3) charge charge by light irradiation. (4) The residual charge after light irradiation is small.

【0005】今日まで有機系光導電性物質としてポリビ
ニルカルバゾールを始めとする光導電性ポリマーに関し
て多くの研究がなされてきた。しかしながら、これらは
必ずしも皮膜性、可撓性、接着性が十分でなく、又上述
の感光体としての基本的な性質を十分に具備していると
はいい難い。
To date, much research has been conducted on photoconductive polymers such as polyvinyl carbazole as organic photoconductive materials. However, these are not necessarily sufficient in film properties, flexibility and adhesiveness, and it is difficult to say that they have sufficient basic properties as the above-mentioned photoreceptor.

【0006】一方、有機系の低分子光導電性化合物につ
いては、感光体形成に用いる結着剤などを選択すること
により、皮膜性や接着性、可撓性など機械的強度に優れ
た感光体を得ることができ得るものの、高感度の特性を
保持し得るのに適した化合物を見出すことは困難であ
る。
On the other hand, as for the organic low-molecular-weight photoconductive compound, by selecting a binder or the like used for forming the photoreceptor, the photoreceptor having excellent mechanical strength such as film property, adhesiveness and flexibility can be obtained. Can be obtained, but it is difficult to find a compound suitable for maintaining high-sensitivity properties.

【0007】このような点を改良するために電荷発生機
能と電荷輸送機能とを異なる物質に分担させ、より高感
度の特性を有する有機感光体が開発されている。機能分
離型と称されているこのような感光体の特徴はそれぞれ
の機能に適した材料を広い範囲から選択できることであ
り、任意の性能を有する感光体を容易に作製し得ること
から多くの研究が進められてきた。
In order to improve such a point, an organic photoreceptor having a higher sensitivity characteristic has been developed in which the charge generation function and the charge transport function are shared by different substances. The feature of such a photoreceptor, which is called a function-separated type, is that a material suitable for each function can be selected from a wide range, and a photoreceptor having an arbitrary performance can be easily manufactured. Has been advanced.

【0008】このうち、電荷発生機能を担当する物質と
しては、フタロシアニン顔料、スクエアリウム色素、ア
ゾ顔料、ペリレン顔料等の多種の物質が検討され、中で
もアゾ顔料は多様な分子構造が可能であり、また、高い
電荷発生効率が期待できることから広く研究され、実用
化も進んでいる。しかしながら、このアゾ顔料において
は、分子構造と電荷発生効率の関係はいまだに明らかに
なっていない。膨大な合成研究を積み重ねて、最適の構
造を探索しているのが実情であるが、先に掲げた感光体
として求められている基本的な性質や高い耐久性などの
要求を十分に満足するものは、未だ得られていない。
Among them, various substances such as phthalocyanine pigments, squarium dyes, azo pigments and perylene pigments have been studied as substances in charge of the charge generation function. Among them, azo pigments can have various molecular structures. Also, since high charge generation efficiency can be expected, it has been widely studied, and its practical use has been advanced. However, in this azo pigment, the relationship between the molecular structure and the charge generation efficiency has not been clarified yet. The fact is that we are searching for the optimal structure through extensive synthesis research, but it fully satisfies the basic properties and high durability demands of the photoconductors listed above. Things have not yet been obtained.

【0009】一方、電荷輸送機能を担当する物質には正
孔輸送物質と電子輸送物質がある。正孔輸送物質として
はヒドラゾン化合物やスチルベン化合物など、電子輸送
性物質としては2,4,7−トリニトロ−9−フルオレ
ノン、ジフェノキノン誘導体など多種の物質が検討さ
れ、実用化も進んでいるが、こちらも膨大な合成研究を
積み重ねて最適の構造を探索しているのが実情である。
事実、これまでに多くの改良がなされてきたが、先に掲
げた感光体として求められている基本的な性質や高い耐
久性などの要求を十分に満足するものは、未だ得られて
いない。
[0009] On the other hand, the substances in charge of the charge transport function include a hole transport substance and an electron transport substance. A variety of materials such as hydrazone compounds and stilbene compounds have been studied as hole transport materials, and 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone and diphenoquinone derivatives have been studied as electron transport materials. The fact is that they are conducting extensive synthetic research to search for the optimal structure.
In fact, many improvements have been made so far, but none of the above-mentioned photoconductors sufficiently satisfy the requirements such as the basic properties and high durability required for the photoconductors.

【0010】以上述べたように電子写真感光体の作製に
は種々の改良が成されてきたが、先に掲げた感光体とし
て要求される基本的な性質や高い耐久性などの要求を十
分に満足するものは未だ得られていないのが現状であ
る。
As described above, various improvements have been made in the production of electrophotographic photoreceptors, but the requirements for the basic properties and high durability required for the above-mentioned photoreceptors have not been sufficiently satisfied. At present, there is no satisfactory product yet.

【0011】[0011]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明の目的は、セン
サー材料、EL素子及び静電記録素子等にも使用可能な
新規な有機光導電性材料を提供するとともに、これを用
いて、帯電電位が高く高感度で、繰返し使用しても諸特
性が変化せず、安定した性能を発揮できる電子写真感光
体を提供することである。
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel organic photoconductive material which can be used also as a sensor material, an EL element, an electrostatic recording element, and the like, and to use the material to provide a charge potential. An object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor which has high sensitivity, does not change various properties even when used repeatedly, and can exhibit stable performance.

【0012】[0012]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者らは上記目的を
達成すべく光導電性材料の研究を行なった結果、特定の
構造を有する有機光導電性材料が有効であることを見出
し、本発明に至った。上記で特定の構造を有する有機光
導電性材料とは、下記一般式(1)で示される化合物で
ある。
Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors have studied photoconductive materials to achieve the above object, and as a result, have found that an organic photoconductive material having a specific structure is effective. Invented the invention. The organic photoconductive material having a specific structure as described above is a compound represented by the following general formula (1).

【0013】[0013]

【化2】 Embedded image

【0014】一般式(1)においてR1はアルキル基、
置換基を有していてもよいアリール基またはアラルキル
基を示す。R2及びR3はそれぞれ置換基を有していても
よいアルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、アラル
キル基、アリール基または複素環基を示す。R4は水素
原子、アルキル基、アルコキシ基もしくはハロゲン原子
を示す。Ar1及びAr2はそれぞれ置換基を有していて
もよいフェニル基もしくはナフチル基を示す。また、A
1もしくはAr2はフッ素原子、臭素原子またはヨウ素
原子から選ばれる置換基を少なくとも一つ有する。
In the general formula (1), R 1 is an alkyl group,
It represents an aryl group or an aralkyl group which may have a substituent. R 2 and R 3 each represent an optionally substituted alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, aralkyl group, aryl group or heterocyclic group. R 4 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group or a halogen atom. Ar 1 and Ar 2 each represent a phenyl group or a naphthyl group which may have a substituent. Also, A
r 1 or Ar 2 has at least one substituent selected from a fluorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom.

【0015】[0015]

【発明の実施の形態】ここでR1の具体例としてはメチ
ル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基等のアルキル
基、フェニル基、ナフチル基、アントリル基、ピレニル
基等のアリール基、ベンジル基、2−フェニルエチル
基、1−ナフチルメチル基等のアラルキル基を挙げるこ
とができ、置換基の具体例としてはフッ素原子、塩素原
子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子等のハロゲン原子、メトキシ
基、エトキシ基、プロポキシ基等のアルコキシ基、上述
のアルキル基、アリール基等を挙げることができる。
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Here, specific examples of R 1 include alkyl groups such as methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group and butyl group, aryl groups such as phenyl group, naphthyl group, anthryl group and pyrenyl group, and benzyl group. And aralkyl groups such as 2-phenylethyl group and 1-naphthylmethyl group. Specific examples of the substituent include a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom, a methoxy group and an ethoxy group. And an alkoxy group such as a propoxy group, and the above-mentioned alkyl group and aryl group.

【0016】R2及びR3の具体例としてはピリジル基等
の複素環基、アリル基、1−プロペニル基、2−ブテニ
ル基、メタリル基等のアルケニル基、2−プロピニル基
等のアルキニル基、上述したアルキル基、アラルキル
基、アリール基等を挙げることができる。また、R2
びR3は置換基を有していてもよく、その置換基の具体
例としては上述のアルキル基、アリール基、ハロゲン原
子、アルコキシ基等を挙げることができる。R4の具体
例としては水素原子、上述のアルキル基、アルコキシ
基、ハロゲン原子等を挙げることができる。Ar1及び
Ar2の置換基の具体例としては上述のアルキル基、ハ
ロゲン原子、アリール基、アルコキシ基等を挙げること
ができる。
Specific examples of R 2 and R 3 include a heterocyclic group such as a pyridyl group, an alkenyl group such as an allyl group, a 1-propenyl group, a 2-butenyl group and a methallyl group, and an alkynyl group such as a 2-propynyl group. Examples include the above-described alkyl group, aralkyl group, and aryl group. Further, R 2 and R 3 may have a substituent, and specific examples of the substituent include the above-described alkyl group, aryl group, halogen atom, and alkoxy group. Specific examples of R 4 include a hydrogen atom, the above-described alkyl group, alkoxy group, and halogen atom. Specific examples of the substituent of Ar 1 and Ar 2 include the above-described alkyl group, halogen atom, aryl group, alkoxy group, and the like.

【0017】本発明の一般式(1)で示される有機光導
電性材料の具体例としては、例えば次の構造式を有する
ものが挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではな
い。
Specific examples of the organic photoconductive material represented by the general formula (1) of the present invention include those having the following structural formulas, but are not limited thereto.

【0018】[0018]

【化3】 Embedded image

【0019】[0019]

【化4】 Embedded image

【0020】[0020]

【化5】 Embedded image

【0021】[0021]

【化6】 Embedded image

【0022】[0022]

【化7】 Embedded image

【0023】[0023]

【化8】 Embedded image

【0024】[0024]

【化9】 Embedded image

【0025】[0025]

【化10】 Embedded image

【0026】[0026]

【化11】 Embedded image

【0027】[0027]

【化12】 Embedded image

【0028】[0028]

【化13】 Embedded image

【0029】[0029]

【化14】 Embedded image

【0030】本発明の電子写真感光体は、一般式(1)
で示される有機光導電性材料及び電荷発生物質をそれぞ
れ1種類あるいは2種類以上含有することにより得られ
る。電荷発生物質には無機系電荷発生物質と有機系電荷
発生物質があり、前者の例としては例えばセレン、セレ
ン−テルル合金、セレン−ヒ素合金、硫化カドミウム、
酸化亜鉛、アモルファスシリコン等が挙げられる。有機
系電荷発生物質の例としては、例えばメチルバイオレッ
ト、ブリリアントグリーン、クリスタルバイオレット等
のトリフェニルメタン系染料、メチレンブルーなどのチ
アジン染料、キニザリン等のキノン染料、シアニン染
料、アクリジン染料、ピリリウム色素、チアピリリウム
色素、スクエアリウム色素、ペリノン系顔料、アントラ
キノン系顔料、金属含有あるいは無金属のフタロシアニ
ン系顔料、ペリレン系顔料等が挙げられ、また、アゾ顔
料も用いられる。
The electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention has the general formula (1)
Is obtained by containing one or more of the organic photoconductive material and the charge generating substance represented by The charge generating material includes an inorganic charge generating material and an organic charge generating material.Examples of the former are selenium, selenium-tellurium alloy, selenium-arsenic alloy, cadmium sulfide,
Examples include zinc oxide and amorphous silicon. Examples of organic charge generating substances include, for example, triphenylmethane dyes such as methyl violet, brilliant green, and crystal violet; thiazine dyes such as methylene blue; quinone dyes such as quinizarin; cyanine dyes; acridine dyes; pyrylium dyes; And squarium dyes, perinone pigments, anthraquinone pigments, phthalocyanine pigments containing and containing no metal, and perylene pigments, and azo pigments are also used.

【0031】フタロシアニン類としては一般色材用もし
くは電子写真用顔料として多くの化合物が知られている
が、本発明にはそのいずれの化合物でも用いることがで
きる。その具体例としては例えば、特開昭51−108
847号公報、同51−117637号公報、同56−
69644号公報、同57−211149号公報、同5
8−158649号公報、同58−215655号公
報、同59−44053号公報、同59−44054号
公報、同59−128544号公報、同59−1335
50号公報、同59−133551号公報、同59−1
74846号公報、同60−2061号公報、同61−
203461号公報、同61−217050号公報、同
62−275272号公報、同62−296150号公
報、同63−17457号公報、同63−286857
号公報、同63−95460号公報、特開平1−144
057号公報、特開昭64−38753号公報、特開平
1−204968号公報、同1−221459号公報、
同1−247469号公報、同1−268763号公
報、同1−312551号公報、同2−289657号
公報、同3−227372号公報、同4−277562
号公報、同4−360150号公報、同5−45914
号公報、同5−66594号公報、同5−93366号
公報、同7−53892号公報等に記載されているフタ
ロシアニン化合物を挙げることができる。
Many compounds are known as phthalocyanines as pigments for general color materials or electrophotography, and any of these compounds can be used in the present invention. As a specific example, see, for example,
Nos. 847, 51-117637 and 56-
Nos. 69644, 57-211149, 5
JP-A-8-158649, JP-A-58-215655, JP-A-59-44053, JP-A-59-44054, JP-A-59-128544, and JP-A-59-1335.
No. 50, No. 59-133551, No. 59-1
Nos. 74846, 60-2061, 61-
No. 203461, No. 61-217050, No. 62-275272, No. 62-296150, No. 63-17457, No. 63-286857
JP-A-63-95460, JP-A-1-144
No. 057, JP-A-64-38753, JP-A-1-204968, and 1-222159,
JP-A 1-247469, JP-A 1-268763, JP-A 1-312551, JP-A 2-289657, JP-A 3-227372, JP-A 4-277562
JP-A-4-360150, JP-A-5-45914
And phthalocyanine compounds described in JP-A-5-66594, JP-A-5-93366, and JP-A-7-53892.

【0032】アゾ顔料としてはたとえば特開昭47−3
7543号公報、同53−95033号公報、同53−
132347号公報、同53−133445号公報、同
54−12742号公報、同54−20736号公報、
同54−20737号公報、同54−21728号公
報、同54−22834号公報、同55−69148号
公報、同55−69654号公報、同55−79449
号公報、同55−117151号公報、同56−462
37号公報、同56−116039号公報、同56−1
16040号公報、同56−119134号公報、同5
6−143437号公報、同57−63537号公報、
同57−63538号公報、同57−63541号公
報、同57−63542号公報、同57−63549号
公報、同57−66438号公報、同57−74746
号公報、同57−78542号公報、同57−7854
3号公報、同57−90056号公報、同57−900
57号公報、同57−90632号公報、同57−11
6345号公報、同57−202349号公報、同58
−4151号公報、同58−90644号公報、同58
−144358号公報、同58−177955号公報、
同59−31962号公報、同59−33253号公
報、同59−71059号公報、同59−72448号
公報、同59−78356号公報、同59−13635
1号公報、同59−201060号公報、同60−15
642号公報、同60−140351号公報、同60−
179746号公報、同61−11754号公報、同6
1−90164号公報、同61−90165号公報、同
61−90166号公報、同61−112154号公
報、同61−281245号公報、同61−51063
号公報、同62−267363号公報、同63−688
44号公報、同63−89866号公報、同63−13
9355号公報、同63−142063号公報、同63
−183450号公報、同63−282743号公報、
同64−21455号公報、同64−78259号公
報、特開平1−200267号公報、同1−20275
7号公報、同1−319754号公報、同2−7237
2号公報、同2−254467号公報、同3−2780
63号公報、同4−96068号公報、同4−9606
9号公報、同4−147265号公報、同5−1428
41号公報、同5−303226号公報、同6−324
504号公報、同7−168379号公報、同9−29
7414号公報、同9−297416号公報等に記載の
化合物が挙げられる。
As the azo pigment, for example, JP-A-47-3
Nos. 7543, 53-95033, 53-
No. 132347, No. 53-133445, No. 54-12742, No. 54-20736,
Nos. 54-20737, 54-21728, 54-22834, 55-69148, 55-69654, and 55-79449.
JP-A-5-117151 and JP-A-56-462
Nos. 37, 56-116039 and 56-1
Nos. 16040, 56-119134, 5
Nos. 6-143437 and 57-63537,
JP-A-57-63538, JP-A-57-63541, JP-A-57-63542, JP-A-57-63549, JP-A-57-66438, and JP-A-57-74746.
JP-A-57-78542 and JP-A-57-7854.
No. 3, No. 57-90056, No. 57-90056
No. 57, No. 57-90632, No. 57-11
Nos. 6345, 57-202349, 58
Nos. -4151 and 58-90644 and 58
JP-A-144358, JP-A-58-177555,
JP-A-59-31962, JP-A-59-33253, JP-A-59-71059, JP-A-59-72448, JP-A-59-78356, and JP-A-59-13635.
No. 1, No. 59-201060, No. 60-15
Nos. 642, 60-140351 and 60-
179746, 61-11754, 6
1-90164, 61-90165, 61-90166, 61-112154, 61-281245, and 61-51063.
JP-A-62-267363 and JP-A-63-688.
Nos. 44, 63-89866 and 63-13
Nos. 9355, 63-142063 and 63
JP-183450, JP-A-63-282743,
JP-A-64-21455, JP-A-64-78259, JP-A-1-200267 and JP-A-2020275
No. 7, No. 1-319754, No. 2-7237
No. 2, JP-A-2-254467, JP-A-3-2780
Nos. 63, 4-96068 and 4-9606
No. 9, 147,265, 5-1428
Nos. 41, 5-303226 and 6-324
504, 7-168379, 9-29
Compounds described in JP-A Nos. 7414 and 9-297416 are exemplified.

【0033】また、これらのアゾ顔料に用いられるカッ
プラー成分の構造は多岐に渡る。たとえば特開昭54−
17735号公報、同54−79632号公報、同57
−176055号公報、同59−197043号公報、
同60−130746号公報、同60−153050号
公報、同60−103048号公報、同60−1897
59号公報、同63−131146号公報、同63−1
55052号公報、特開平2−110569号公報、同
4−149448号公報、同6−27705号公報、同
6−348047号公報等に記載の化合物が挙げられ
る。
The structure of the coupler component used in these azo pigments varies widely. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open
Nos. 17735, 54-79632 and 57
JP-A-176055, JP-A-59-197043,
JP-A-60-130746, JP-A-60-153050, JP-A-60-103048 and JP-A-60-1897
Nos. 59, 63-131146 and 63-1
Compounds described in JP-A-55052, JP-A-2-110569, JP-A-4-149448, JP-A-6-27705, JP-A-6-348047 and the like can be mentioned.

【0034】感光体の形態としては種々のものが知られ
ているが、そのいずれにも用いることができる。例え
ば、導電性支持体上に電荷発生物質、電荷輸送物質、お
よびフィルム形成性結着剤樹脂からなる感光層を設けた
ものがある。また、導電性支持体上に、電荷発生物質と
結着剤樹脂からなる電荷発生層と、電荷輸送物質と結着
剤樹脂からなる電荷輸送層を設けた積層型の感光体も知
られている。電荷発生層と電荷輸送層はどちらが上層と
なっても構わない。また、必要に応じて導電性支持体と
感光層の間に下引き層を、感光体表面にオーバーコート
層を、積層型感光体の場合は電荷発生層と電荷輸送層と
の間に中間層を設けることもできる。本発明の化合物を
用いて感光体を作製する支持体としては金属製ドラム、
金属板、導電性加工を施した紙、プラスチックフィルム
のシート状、ドラム状あるいはベルト状の支持体等が使
用される。
Various types of photosensitive members are known, and any of them can be used. For example, there is one in which a photosensitive layer comprising a charge generating substance, a charge transporting substance, and a film-forming binder resin is provided on a conductive support. Further, a laminated photoreceptor in which a charge generation layer composed of a charge generation substance and a binder resin and a charge transport layer composed of a charge transport substance and a binder resin are provided on a conductive support is also known. . Either of the charge generation layer and the charge transport layer may be an upper layer. In addition, if necessary, an undercoat layer is provided between the conductive support and the photosensitive layer, an overcoat layer is provided on the surface of the photosensitive member, and in the case of a laminated photosensitive member, an intermediate layer is provided between the charge generation layer and the charge transport layer. Can also be provided. As a support for producing a photoreceptor using the compound of the present invention, a metal drum,
A metal plate, a paper subjected to conductive processing, a plastic film sheet, a drum-shaped or belt-shaped support, and the like are used.

【0035】それらの支持体上へ感光層を形成するため
に用いるフィルム形成性結着剤樹脂としては利用分野に
応じて種々のものが挙げられる。例えば複写用感光体の
用途ではポリスチレン樹脂、ポリビニルアセタール樹
脂、ポリスルホン樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、酢ビ・
クロトン酸共重合体樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリフェ
ニレンオキサイド樹脂、ポリアリレート樹脂、アルキッ
ド樹脂、アクリル樹脂、メタクリル樹脂、フェノキシ樹
脂等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、ポリスチレン樹
脂、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹
脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリアリレート樹脂等は感光体
としての電位特性に優れている。又、これらの樹脂は、
単独あるいは共重合体として1種又は2種以上を混合し
て用いることができる。これら結着剤樹脂の光導電性化
合物に対して加える量は、20〜1000重量%が好ま
しく、50〜500重量%がより好ましい。
As the film-forming binder resin used for forming the photosensitive layer on the support, there are various resins depending on the field of use. For example, for photoreceptors for copying, polystyrene resin, polyvinyl acetal resin, polysulfone resin, polycarbonate resin, vinyl acetate
Crotonic acid copolymer resin, polyester resin, polyphenylene oxide resin, polyarylate resin, alkyd resin, acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, phenoxy resin and the like. Among these, polystyrene resin, polyvinyl acetal resin, polycarbonate resin, polyester resin, polyarylate resin, and the like are excellent in potential characteristics as a photoconductor. Also, these resins are
One type or a mixture of two or more types may be used alone or as a copolymer. The amount of the binder resin added to the photoconductive compound is preferably 20 to 1000% by weight, more preferably 50 to 500% by weight.

【0036】積層型感光体の場合、電荷発生層に含有さ
れるこれらの樹脂は、電荷発生物質に対して10〜50
0重量%が好ましく、50〜150重量%がより好まし
い。樹脂の比率が高くなりすぎると電荷発生効率が低下
し、また樹脂の比率が低くなりすぎると成膜性に問題が
生じる。また、電荷輸送層に含有されるこれらの樹脂
は、電荷輸送物質に対して20〜1000重量%が好ま
しく、50〜500重量%がより好ましい。樹脂の比率
が高すぎると感度が低下し、また、樹脂の比率が低くな
りすぎると繰り返し特性の悪化や塗膜の欠損を招くおそ
れがある。
In the case of a laminated photoreceptor, these resins contained in the charge generation layer are 10 to 50 with respect to the charge generation substance.
0% by weight is preferable, and 50 to 150% by weight is more preferable. If the ratio of the resin is too high, the charge generation efficiency is lowered, and if the ratio of the resin is too low, there is a problem in film formability. Further, the content of these resins contained in the charge transport layer is preferably from 20 to 1,000% by weight, more preferably from 50 to 500% by weight, based on the charge transport material. If the ratio of the resin is too high, the sensitivity is lowered, and if the ratio of the resin is too low, the repetition characteristics may be deteriorated or the coating film may be damaged.

【0037】これらの樹脂の中には、引っ張り、曲げ、
圧縮等の機械的強度に弱いものがある。この性質を改良
するために、可塑性を与える物質を加えることができ
る。具体的には、フタル酸エステル(例えばDOP、D
BP等)、リン酸エステル(例えばTCP、TOP
等)、セバシン酸エステル、アジピン酸エステル、ニト
リルゴム、塩素化炭化水素等が挙げられる。これらの物
質は、必要以上に添加すると電子写真特性の悪影響を及
ぼすので、その割合は結着剤樹脂に対し20%以下が好
ましい。
Some of these resins include tension, bending,
Some have weak mechanical strength such as compression. To improve this property, substances which impart plasticity can be added. Specifically, phthalic acid esters (eg, DOP, DOP
BP, etc.), phosphate esters (eg, TCP, TOP
Etc.), sebacic esters, adipic esters, nitrile rubbers, chlorinated hydrocarbons and the like. If these substances are added unnecessarily, they adversely affect the electrophotographic properties. Therefore, the ratio is preferably 20% or less based on the binder resin.

【0038】その他、感光体中への添加物として酸化防
止剤やカール防止剤等、塗工性の改良のためレベリング
剤等を必要に応じて添加することができる。
In addition, a leveling agent or the like for improving coating properties, such as an antioxidant or an anti-curl agent, may be added as necessary to the photoreceptor.

【0039】一般式(1)で示される化合物は更に他の
電荷輸送物質と組み合わせて用いることができる。電荷
輸送物質には正孔輸送物質と電子輸送物質がある。前者
の例としては、例えば特公昭34−5466号公報等に
示されているオキサジアゾール類、特公昭45−555
号公報等に示されているトリフェニルメタン類、特公昭
52−4188号公報等に示されているピラゾリン類、
特公昭55−42380号公報等に示されているヒドラ
ゾン類、特開昭56−123544号公報等に示されて
いるオキサジアゾール類等をあげることができる。一
方、電子輸送物質としては、例えばクロラニル、テトラ
シアノエチレン、テトラシアノキノジメタン、2,4,
7−トリニトロ−9−フルオレノン、2,4,5,7−
テトラニトロ−9−フルオレノン、2,4,5,7−テ
トラニトロキサントン、2,4,8−トリニトロチオキ
サントン、1,3,7−トリニトロジベンゾチオフェ
ン、1,3,7−トリニトロジベンゾチオフェン−5,
5−ジオキシドなどがある。これらの電荷輸送物質は単
独または2種以上組み合わせて用いることができる。
The compound represented by the general formula (1) can be used in combination with another charge transporting substance. The charge transport materials include a hole transport material and an electron transport material. Examples of the former include oxadiazoles disclosed in JP-B-34-5466 and JP-B-45-555.
JP, JP-B-52-4188, etc., pyrazolines, etc .;
Examples thereof include hydrazones disclosed in JP-B-55-42380, oxadiazoles disclosed in JP-A-56-123544 and the like. On the other hand, examples of electron transporting substances include chloranil, tetracyanoethylene, tetracyanoquinodimethane, 2,4,4
7-trinitro-9-fluorenone, 2,4,5,7-
Tetranitro-9-fluorenone, 2,4,5,7-tetranitroxanthone, 2,4,8-trinitrothioxanthone, 1,3,7-trinitrodibenzothiophene, 1,3,7-trinitrodibenzothiophene- 5,
5-dioxide and the like. These charge transport materials can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

【0040】また、本発明の有機導電性材料と電荷移動
錯体を形成し、更に増感効果を増大させる増感剤として
ある種の電子吸引性化合物を添加することもできる。こ
の電子吸引性化合物としては例えば、2,3−ジクロロ
−1,4−ナフトキノン、1−ニトロアントラキノン、
1−クロロ−5−ニトロアントラキノン、2−クロロア
ントラキノン、フェナントレンキノン等のキノン類、4
−ニトロベンズアルデヒド等のアルデヒド類、9−ベン
ゾイルアントラセン、インダンジオン、3,5−ジニト
ロベンゾフェノン、3,3′,5,5′−テトラニトロ
ベンゾフェノン等のケトン類、無水フタル酸、4−クロ
ロナフタル酸無水物等の酸無水物、テレフタラルマロノ
ニトリル、9−アントリルメチリデンマロノニトリル、
4−ニトロベンザルマロノニトリル、4−(p−ニトロ
ベンゾイルオキシ)ベンザルマロノニトリル等のシアノ
化合物、3−ベンザルフタリド、3−(α−シアノ−p
−ニトロベンザル)フタリド、3−(α−シアノ−p−
ニトロベンザル)−4,5,6,7−テトラクロロフタ
リド等のフタリド類等を挙げることができる。
A certain electron withdrawing compound can be added as a sensitizer for forming a charge transfer complex with the organic conductive material of the present invention and further increasing the sensitizing effect. Examples of the electron-withdrawing compound include 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone, 1-nitroanthraquinone,
Quinones such as 1-chloro-5-nitroanthraquinone, 2-chloroanthraquinone and phenanthrenequinone;
Aldehydes such as -nitrobenzaldehyde, ketones such as 9-benzoylanthracene, indandione, 3,5-dinitrobenzophenone, 3,3 ', 5,5'-tetranitrobenzophenone, phthalic anhydride and 4-chloronaphthalic anhydride Acid anhydrides, terephthalalmalononitrile, 9-anthrylmethylidenemalononitrile,
Cyano compounds such as 4-nitrobenzalmalonenitrile, 4- (p-nitrobenzoyloxy) benzalmalonenitrile, 3-benzalphthalide, 3- (α-cyano-p
-Nitrobenzal) phthalide, 3- (α-cyano-p-
And phthalides such as nitrobenzal) -4,5,6,7-tetrachlorophthalide.

【0041】本発明の有機光導電性材料は、感光体の形
態に応じて上記の種々の添加物質と共に適当な溶剤中に
溶解又は分散し、その塗布液を先に述べた導電性支持体
上に塗布し、乾燥して感光体を製造することができる。
The organic photoconductive material of the present invention is dissolved or dispersed in an appropriate solvent together with the above-mentioned various additives depending on the form of the photoreceptor, and the coating solution is coated on the conductive support described above. And dried to produce a photoreceptor.

【0042】塗布溶剤としてはクロロホルム、ジクロロ
エタン、ジクロロメタン、トリクロロエタン、トリクロ
ロエチレン、クロロベンゼン、ジクロロベンゼン等のハ
ロゲン化炭化水素、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン等の
芳香族炭化水素、ジオキサン、テトラヒドロフラン、メ
チルセロソルブ、エチルセロソルブ、エチレングリコー
ルジメチルエーテル等のエーテル系溶剤、メチルエチル
ケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、メチルイソプロピル
ケトン、シクロヘキサノン等のケトン系溶剤、酢酸エチ
ル、蟻酸メチル、メチルセロソルブアセテート等のエス
テル系溶剤、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、アセトニ
トリル、N−メチルピロリドン、ジメチルスルホキシド
等の非プロトン性極性溶剤及びメタノール、エタノー
ル、プロパノール、ブタノール等のアルコール系溶剤等
を挙げることができる。これらの溶剤は単独または2種
以上の混合溶剤として使用することができる。
Examples of the coating solvent include halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, dichloroethane, dichloromethane, trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, chlorobenzene and dichlorobenzene, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, and the like. Ether solvents such as ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ketone solvents such as methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone and cyclohexanone, ester solvents such as ethyl acetate, methyl formate, methyl cellosolve acetate, N, N-dimethylformamide, acetonitrile; Aprotic polar solvents such as N-methylpyrrolidone and dimethyl sulfoxide and methanol, ethanol, propanol, It may be mentioned alcohol solvents such as ethanol. These solvents can be used alone or as a mixed solvent of two or more kinds.

【0043】[0043]

【実施例】次に本発明を実施例によりさらに詳細に説明
するが、本発明はこれらに何ら限定されるものではな
い。
EXAMPLES Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

【0044】合成例 例示化合物(21)の合成 a)中間体エナミン化合物(50)の合成Synthesis Example Synthesis of Exemplified Compound (21) a) Synthesis of Intermediate Enamine Compound (50)

【0045】[0045]

【化15】 Embedded image

【0046】4,4′−ジフルオロベンゾフェノン2
5.09g、クロロ酢酸エチル14.80g及び1,3
−ジオキソラン23mlを室温下に混合した。この混合
液へ、別途調製したカリウムtert−ブトキシド15.4
8gと1,3−ジオキソラン69mlを混合した懸濁液
を、氷冷撹拌下に滴下した。この際発熱が観測された
が、滴下速度を調節して内温20℃以下を維持した。滴
下終了後、更に1時間室温下で撹拌して反応を完結させ
た。次にこの反応混合物へ、氷冷撹拌下にナトリウムメ
トキシド(28%メタノール溶液)22.20gを滴下
した。この時点では目立った発熱は観測されなかった。
次いで、氷冷撹拌下に水2.8gを滴下した。この時点
で発熱が観測されたが、滴下速度を調節して内温20℃
以下を維持した。室温下で更に1時間撹拌して反応を完
結させた後、減圧下に濃縮して3,3−ビス(4−フル
オロフェニル)−2,3−エポキシプロピオン酸ナトリ
ウムを得た。
4,4'-difluorobenzophenone 2
5.09 g, 14.80 g of ethyl chloroacetate and 1,3
23 ml of dioxolane were mixed at room temperature. To this mixture was added 15.4 potassium tert-butoxide prepared separately.
A suspension obtained by mixing 8 g and 69 ml of 1,3-dioxolane was added dropwise with ice-cooling and stirring. At this time, heat generation was observed, but the dropping speed was adjusted to maintain the internal temperature at 20 ° C or lower. After the completion of the dropwise addition, the mixture was further stirred at room temperature for 1 hour to complete the reaction. Next, 22.20 g of sodium methoxide (28% methanol solution) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture under ice-cooling and stirring. No noticeable exotherm was observed at this point.
Then, 2.8 g of water was added dropwise while stirring with ice cooling. An exotherm was observed at this point, but the dropping rate was adjusted to adjust the internal temperature to 20 ° C.
The following was maintained: After stirring at room temperature for another 1 hour to complete the reaction, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain sodium 3,3-bis (4-fluorophenyl) -2,3-epoxypropionate.

【0047】上記で得られたナトリウム塩を水69ml
に懸濁し、室温撹拌下に濃塩酸13.8mlを滴下し
た。濃塩酸の滴下により内温が上昇し、脱炭酸による発
泡が観測された。滴下終了後、反応器を90℃の湯浴で
1時間加熱撹拌して反応を完結させた。放冷後トルエン
で有機成分を抽出し、抽出液を水、飽和食塩水で順次洗
浄した。無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した後、減圧下に濃
縮して淡黄色油状の2,2−ビス(4−フルオロフェニ
ル)アセトアルデヒドを得た。
The sodium salt obtained above was added to 69 ml of water.
And 13.8 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid was added dropwise with stirring at room temperature. The internal temperature increased due to the dropwise addition of concentrated hydrochloric acid, and foaming due to decarboxylation was observed. After completion of the dropwise addition, the reactor was heated and stirred in a 90 ° C. water bath for 1 hour to complete the reaction. After allowing to cool, the organic component was extracted with toluene, and the extract was washed with water and saturated saline sequentially. After drying over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 2,2-bis (4-fluorophenyl) acetaldehyde as a pale yellow oil.

【0048】上記で得られたアルデヒド化合物とジフェ
ニルアミン19.46g、p−トルエンスルホン酸一水
和物0.22g及びトルエン140mlを混合し、ディ
ーン・スタークトラップを装着して共沸的に脱水しつつ
1時間加熱還流した。放冷後、減圧下にトルエンを除去
し、析出した結晶を2−プロパノール150mlに懸濁
して加熱洗浄した。放冷後結晶を濾取し、ロート上2−
プロパノールで洗浄して白色結晶の中間体エナミン化合
物(50)を35.24g得た。4,4′−ジフルオロ
ベンゾフェノンより4工程での収率は79.9%であっ
た。 融点144.1〜144.5℃1 H−NMR(CDCl3)δ6.65〜6.70ppm
(m,3H),δ6.84〜7.00ppm(m,10
H),δ7.08〜7.19ppm(m,6H) 13 C−NMR(CDCl3)δ114.32ppm,δ
114.66ppm,δ114.88ppm,δ11
5.22ppm,δ122.36ppm,δ122.9
1ppm,δ127.83ppm,δ128.68pp
m,δ128.83ppm,δ131.15ppm,δ
131.36ppm,δ131.49ppm,δ13
4.72ppm,δ134.78ppm,δ137.9
1ppm,δ137.95ppm,δ145.53pp
m,δ159.47ppm,δ160.09ppm,δ
163.37ppm,δ164.00ppm
The aldehyde compound obtained above and diphe
19.46 g of nylamine, p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate
A mixture of 0.22 g of the Japanese product and 140 ml of toluene was mixed.
While installing a water-stark trap to azeotropically dehydrate
The mixture was refluxed for 1 hour. After cooling, remove toluene under reduced pressure
And the precipitated crystals are suspended in 150 ml of 2-propanol.
And washed with heat. After standing to cool, the crystals were collected by filtration and placed on a funnel.
Wash with propanol to form an enamine compound as an intermediate in white crystals.
35.24 g of product (50) was obtained. 4,4'-difluoro
The yield in four steps from benzophenone was 79.9%.
Was. 144.1-144.5 ° C1 H-NMR (CDClThree) Δ 6.65 to 6.70 ppm
(M, 3H), δ 6.84 to 7.00 ppm (m, 10
H), δ 7.08-7.19 ppm (m, 6H) 13 C-NMR (CDClThree) Δ 114.32 ppm, δ
114.66 ppm, δ 114.88 ppm, δ11
5.22 ppm, δ 122.36 ppm, δ 122.9
1 ppm, δ 127.83 ppm, δ 128.68 pp
m, δ 128.83 ppm, δ 131.15 ppm, δ
131.36 ppm, δ 131.49 ppm, δ13
4.72 ppm, δ 134.78 ppm, δ 137.9
1 ppm, δ137.95 ppm, δ145.53 pp
m, δ159.47 ppm, δ160.09 ppm, δ
163.37 ppm, δ 164.00 ppm

【0049】b)中間体アルデヒド化合物(51)の合成B) Synthesis of intermediate aldehyde compound (51)

【0050】[0050]

【化16】 Embedded image

【0051】N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド32.5m
lへ、氷冷撹拌下にオキシ塩化リン13.0mlを内温
15℃以下に保ちつつ滴下した。更にこの溶液を室温下
に30分間撹拌した後、上記で得られた中間体エナミン
化合物(50)26.8gとN,N−ジメチルホルムア
ミド70mlを添加して内温約80℃で4時間加熱撹拌
した。放冷後、反応液を氷水500mlで希釈し、内温
約35℃で1時間加熱撹拌して加水分解した。放冷後析
出した有機成分をトルエンで抽出し、水、希重曹水、飽
和食塩水で順次洗浄した後、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥
した。乾燥終了後、硫酸ナトリウムを濾過によって除去
し、減圧下に濃縮して黄白色の結晶を得た。得られた結
晶を2−プロパノールで再結晶して中間体アルデヒド化
合物(51)を21.5g得た。収率は78.4%であ
った。融点130.7〜131.0℃。
N, N-dimethylformamide 32.5 m
13.0 ml of phosphorus oxychloride was added dropwise to 1 under ice-cooling and stirring while maintaining the internal temperature at 15 ° C. or lower. The solution was further stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, 26.8 g of the intermediate enamine compound (50) obtained above and 70 ml of N, N-dimethylformamide were added, and the mixture was heated and stirred at an internal temperature of about 80 ° C. for 4 hours. did. After cooling, the reaction solution was diluted with 500 ml of ice water and hydrolyzed by heating and stirring at an internal temperature of about 35 ° C. for 1 hour. After allowing to cool, the precipitated organic component was extracted with toluene, washed successively with water, dilute aqueous sodium bicarbonate and saturated saline, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. After drying was completed, sodium sulfate was removed by filtration, and the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain yellowish white crystals. The obtained crystals were recrystallized from 2-propanol to obtain 21.5 g of an intermediate aldehyde compound (51). The yield was 78.4%. 130.7-131.0 ° C.

【0052】c) 例示化合物(21)の合成 上記で得られた原料アルデヒド化合物(51)3.28
g、1−メチル−1−フェニルヒドラジン1.07g、
酢酸0.4ml及び2−プロパノール40mlを混合
し、30分間加熱還流した。放冷後、析出した結晶を濾
取した。トルエンとヘプタンの混合溶媒を移動層とした
シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーで、この結晶を精
製して例示化合物(21)を3.04g得た。収率は7
3.7%であった。融点122.1〜122.9℃。
C) Synthesis of Exemplified Compound (21) Starting aldehyde compound (51) 3.28 obtained above
g, 1-methyl-1-phenylhydrazine 1.07 g,
0.4 ml of acetic acid and 40 ml of 2-propanol were mixed and heated under reflux for 30 minutes. After cooling, the precipitated crystals were collected by filtration. The crystals were purified by silica gel column chromatography using a mixed solvent of toluene and heptane as a moving bed to obtain 3.04 g of Exemplified Compound (21). The yield is 7
3.7%. 122.1-122.9 ° C.

【0053】以下に実施例で使用したアゾ顔料の構造式
を記す。
The structural formulas of the azo pigments used in the examples are described below.

【0054】[0054]

【化17】 Embedded image

【0055】[0055]

【化18】 Embedded image

【0056】実施例1 アゾ顔料(52)1重量部及びポリエステル樹脂(東洋
紡製バイロン200)1重量部をテトラヒドロフラン1
00重量部と混合し、ペイントコンディショナー装置で
ガラスビーズと共に2時間分散した。こうして得た分散
液を、アプリケーターにてアルミ蒸着ポリエステル上に
塗布して乾燥し、膜厚約0.2μmの電荷発生層を形成
した。次に例示化合物(21)を、ポリアリレート樹脂
(ユニチカ製U−ポリマー)と1:1の重量比で混合
し、ジクロロエタンを溶媒として10%の溶液を作り、
上記の電荷発生層の上にアプリケーターで塗布して膜厚
約20μmの電荷輸送層を形成した。
Example 1 1 part by weight of an azo pigment (52) and 1 part by weight of a polyester resin (Vylon 200 manufactured by Toyobo) were mixed with 1 part by weight of tetrahydrofuran.
And mixed with glass beads in a paint conditioner for 2 hours. The dispersion thus obtained was applied on an aluminum-evaporated polyester using an applicator and dried to form a charge generation layer having a thickness of about 0.2 μm. Next, the exemplified compound (21) was mixed with a polyarylate resin (U-polymer manufactured by Unitika) at a weight ratio of 1: 1 to prepare a 10% solution using dichloroethane as a solvent.
A charge transport layer having a film thickness of about 20 μm was formed on the above-mentioned charge generation layer by coating with an applicator.

【0057】この様にして作製した積層型感光体につい
て、静電記録試験装置(川口電機製SP−428)を用
いて電子写真特性の評価を行なった。 測定条件:印加電圧−6kV、スタティックNo. 3(タ
ーンテーブルの回転スピードモード:10m/min
)。その結果、帯電電位(Vo)が−880V、半減
露光量(E1/2)が1.0ルックス・秒と高感度の値を
示した。
The electrophotographic characteristics of the laminated photoreceptor thus manufactured were evaluated using an electrostatic recording tester (SP-428, manufactured by Kawaguchi Electric). Measurement conditions: applied voltage -6 kV, static No. 3 (turntable rotation speed mode: 10 m / min)
). As a result, the charging potential (Vo) was -880 V, and the half-life exposure amount (E1 / 2) was 1.0 lux / sec, which was a high sensitivity value.

【0058】更に同装置を用いて、帯電−除電(除電
光:白色光で400ルックス×1秒照射)を1サイクル
とする繰返し使用に対する特性評価を行った。5000
回での繰返しによる帯電電位の変化を求めたところ、1
回目の帯電電位(Vo)−880Vに対し、5000回
目の帯電電位(Vo)は−865Vであり、繰返しによ
る電位の低下がなく安定した特性を示した。また、1回
目の半減露光量(E1/2)1.0ルックス・秒に対して
5000回目の半減露光量(E1/2)は1.0ルックス
・秒と変化がなく優れた特性を示した。
Further, the same apparatus was used to evaluate characteristics for repeated use in which charging-discharging (discharging light: irradiation with white light at 400 lux × 1 second) was performed in one cycle. 5000
The change in the charged potential due to the repetition of
The 5000th charging potential (Vo) was -865 V, compared to the charging potential (Vo) of -880 V at the time, and showed stable characteristics without a decrease in potential due to repetition. The first half-exposure dose (E1 / 2) was 1.0 lux / sec, and the 5000th half-exposure dose (E1 / 2) was 1.0 lux-sec, showing no change. .

【0059】実施例2〜9 実施例1のアゾ顔料(52)及び例示化合物(21)の
代わりに、それぞれ表1に示すアゾ顔料及び例示化合物
を用いる他は、実施例1と同様にして感光体を作製して
その特性を評価した。結果を表1に示す。
Examples 2 to 9 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated except that the azo pigment (52) and the exemplified compound (21) of Example 1 were replaced by the azo pigments and the exemplified compounds shown in Table 1, respectively. A body was prepared and its properties were evaluated. Table 1 shows the results.

【0060】[0060]

【表1】 [Table 1]

【0061】実施例10〜18 実施例1のアゾ顔料の代わりにX型無金属フタロシアニ
ンを、例示化合物(21)の代わりにそれぞれ表2に示
す例示化合物を用いる他は、実施例1と同様にして感光
体を作製してその特性を評価した。結果を表2に示す。
Examples 10 to 18 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated, except that the X-type metal-free phthalocyanine was used in place of the azo pigment of Example 1 and the exemplified compounds shown in Table 2 were used instead of the exemplified compound (21). To produce a photoreceptor, and its characteristics were evaluated. Table 2 shows the results.

【0062】[0062]

【表2】 [Table 2]

【0063】実施例19 アゾ顔料(52)1重量部とテトラヒドロフラン40重
量部を、ペイントコンディショナー装置でガラスビーズ
と共に4時間分散処理した。こうして得た分散液に、例
示化合物(21)を2.5重量部、ポリカーボネート樹
脂(PCZ−200;三菱ガス化学製)10重量部、テ
トラヒドロフラン60重量部を加え、さらに30分間の
ペイントコンディショナー装置で分散処理を行った後、
アプリケーターにてアルミ蒸着ポリエステル上に塗布
し、膜厚約15μmの感光体を形成した。この感光体の
電子写真特性を、実施例1と同様にして評価した。ただ
し、印加電圧のみ+5kVに変更した。その結果、第一
回目の帯電電位(Vo)+420V、半減露光量(E1/
2)1.3ルックス・秒、5000回繰り返し後の帯電
電位(Vo)+410V、半減露光量(E1/2)1.2
ルックス・秒と、高感度でしかも変化の少ない、優れた
特性を示した。
Example 19 One part by weight of an azo pigment (52) and 40 parts by weight of tetrahydrofuran were dispersed together with glass beads for 4 hours by a paint conditioner. To the dispersion thus obtained, 2.5 parts by weight of Exemplified Compound (21), 10 parts by weight of a polycarbonate resin (PCZ-200; manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical) and 60 parts by weight of tetrahydrofuran are added, and the mixture is further treated with a paint conditioner for 30 minutes. After performing distributed processing,
It was applied on an aluminum-evaporated polyester by an applicator to form a photoreceptor having a thickness of about 15 μm. The electrophotographic characteristics of this photoreceptor were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. However, only the applied voltage was changed to +5 kV. As a result, the first charging potential (Vo) +420 V and the half-exposure amount (E1 /
2) Charged potential (Vo) after repetition of 5,000 times at 1.3 lux / sec + 410 V, half-exposure amount (E1 / 2) 1.2
It showed excellent characteristics with high sensitivity and little change in looks and seconds.

【0064】実施例20〜27 実施例19のアゾ顔料(52)及び例示化合物(21)
の代わりに、それぞれ表3に示すアゾ顔料及び例示化合
物を用いる他は、実施例19と同様にして感光体を作製
してその特性を評価した。結果を表3に示す。
Examples 20 to 27 The azo pigment (52) and the exemplified compound (21) of Example 19
Instead of using the azo pigments and the exemplified compounds shown in Table 3 respectively, a photoconductor was prepared in the same manner as in Example 19, and the characteristics were evaluated. Table 3 shows the results.

【0065】[0065]

【表3】 [Table 3]

【0066】比較例1 例示化合物(21)の代わりに下記比較化合物(58)
を用いる他は、実施例1と同様に感光体を作製してその
特性を評価した。その結果、1回目の帯電電位(Vo)
は−800V、 半減露光量(E1/2)は2.2ルックス
・秒と感度が低く、また5000回目の帯電電位(V
o)は−550V、半減露光量(E1/2)1.9ルック
ス・秒であり、繰り返しによる大幅な電位の低下がみら
れた。
Comparative Example 1 The following comparative compound (58) was used in place of the exemplary compound (21).
A photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except for using, and its characteristics were evaluated. As a result, the first charging potential (Vo)
Is -800 V, half-exposure (E1 / 2) is 2.2 lux-sec, low sensitivity, and the 5000th charging potential (V
o) was -550 V, half-exposure amount (E1 / 2) was 1.9 lux / sec, and a significant decrease in potential due to repetition was observed.

【0067】比較例2 例示化合物(21)の代わりに下記比較化合物(59)
を用いる他は、実施例10と同様に感光体を作製してそ
の特性を評価した。その結果、1回目の帯電電位(V
o)は−730V、半減露光量(E1/2)は1.3ルッ
クス・秒と比較的良好な結果であったが、5000回目
の帯電電位(Vo)は−325V、半減露光量(E1/
2)1.0ルックス・秒であり、繰り返しによる大幅な
電位の低下がみられた。
Comparative Example 2 In place of Exemplified Compound (21), the following Comparative Compound (59)
A photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner as in Example 10, except for using, and the characteristics thereof were evaluated. As a result, the first charging potential (V
o) was -730 V, the half-exposure amount (E1 / 2) was 1.3 lux seconds, which was relatively good. However, the charging potential (Vo) at the 5000th time was -325 V, and the half-exposure amount (E1 /
2) It was 1.0 lux / sec, and a significant decrease in potential due to repetition was observed.

【0068】比較例3 例示化合物(21)の代わりに下記比較化合物(60)
を用いる他は、実施例19と同様にして感光体を作製し
てその特性を評価した。その結果帯電電位(Vo)が3
80V、半減露光量(E1/2)が6.6ルックス・秒と感
度不足であった。
Comparative Example 3 The following comparative compound (60) was used in place of the exemplary compound (21).
A photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner as in Example 19 except for using, and its characteristics were evaluated. As a result, the charging potential (Vo) becomes 3
The sensitivity was insufficient at 80 V and the half-exposure amount (E1 / 2) was 6.6 lux / sec.

【0069】[0069]

【化19】 Embedded image

【0070】[0070]

【発明の効果】以上から明らかなように、本発明の有機
光導電性材料を用いれば高感度で高耐久性を有する電子
写真感光体を提供することができる。
As is apparent from the above, an electrophotographic photosensitive member having high sensitivity and high durability can be provided by using the organic photoconductive material of the present invention.

Claims (3)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 下記一般式(1)で示されることを特徴
とする有機光導電性材料。 【化1】 (一般式(1)においてR1はアルキル基、置換基を有
していてもよいアリール基またはアラルキル基を示す。
2及びR3はそれぞれ置換基を有していてもよいアルキ
ル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、アラルキル基、ア
リール基または複素環基を示す。R4は水素原子、アル
キル基、アルコキシ基もしくはハロゲン原子を示す。A
1及びAr2はそれぞれ置換基を有していてもよいフェ
ニル基もしくはナフチル基を示す。また、Ar1もしく
はAr2はフッ素原子、臭素原子またはヨウ素原子から
選ばれる置換基を少なくとも一つ有する。)
1. An organic photoconductive material represented by the following general formula (1). Embedded image (In the general formula (1), R 1 represents an alkyl group, an aryl group which may have a substituent, or an aralkyl group.
R 2 and R 3 each represent an optionally substituted alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, aralkyl group, aryl group or heterocyclic group. R 4 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group or a halogen atom. A
r 1 and Ar 2 each represent a phenyl group or a naphthyl group which may have a substituent. Ar 1 or Ar 2 has at least one substituent selected from a fluorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom. )
【請求項2】 導電性支持体上に一般式(1)で示され
る有機光導電性材料を含む感光層を有することを特徴と
する電子写真感光体。
2. An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer containing an organic photoconductive material represented by the general formula (1) on a conductive support.
【請求項3】 感光層が電荷発生物質と電荷輸送物質と
を含有し、この電荷輸送物質が上記一般式(1)で示さ
れる有機光導電性材料であることを特徴とする、請求項
2記載の電子写真感光体。
3. The photosensitive layer contains a charge generating substance and a charge transporting substance, wherein the charge transporting substance is an organic photoconductive material represented by the general formula (1). The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to the above.
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007304435A (en) * 2006-05-12 2007-11-22 Kyocera Mita Corp Electrophotographic photoreceptor and image forming apparatus
JP2009265480A (en) * 2008-04-28 2009-11-12 Kyocera Mita Corp Electrophotographic photoreceptor and image forming apparatus

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3357612B1 (en) 2017-02-03 2022-11-02 Sandvik Intellectual Property AB Method of machining a groove

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007304435A (en) * 2006-05-12 2007-11-22 Kyocera Mita Corp Electrophotographic photoreceptor and image forming apparatus
JP2009265480A (en) * 2008-04-28 2009-11-12 Kyocera Mita Corp Electrophotographic photoreceptor and image forming apparatus

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